fix nan/infinity macros in math.h, etc.

the previous version not only failed to work in c++, but also failed
to produce constant expressions, making the macros useless as
initializers for objects of static storage duration.

gcc 3.3 and later have builtins for these, which sadly seem to be the
most "portable" solution. the alternative definitions produce
exceptions (for NAN) and compiler warnings (for INFINITY) on newer
versions of gcc.