don't mark functions without prototype as variadic
[cparser] / type.c
diff --git a/type.c b/type.c
index 204d6f0..667a912 100644 (file)
--- a/type.c
+++ b/type.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * This file is part of cparser.
- * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 #include <assert.h>
 
 #include "type_t.h"
+#include "types.h"
 #include "entity_t.h"
 #include "symbol_t.h"
 #include "type_hash.h"
 #include "adt/error.h"
+#include "adt/util.h"
 #include "lang_features.h"
+#include "warning.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "driver/firm_cmdline.h"
+
+/** The default calling convention. */
+cc_kind_t default_calling_convention = CC_CDECL;
 
 static struct obstack   _type_obst;
 static FILE            *out;
 struct obstack         *type_obst                 = &_type_obst;
-static int              type_visited              = 0;
 static bool             print_implicit_array_size = false;
 
-static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *type, bool top);
-static void intern_print_type_post(const type_t *type, bool top);
+static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *type);
+static void intern_print_type_post(const type_t *type);
 
 typedef struct atomic_type_properties_t atomic_type_properties_t;
 struct atomic_type_properties_t {
@@ -45,6 +52,9 @@ struct atomic_type_properties_t {
        unsigned   flags;             /**< type flags from atomic_type_flag_t */
 };
 
+/**
+ * Properties of atomic types.
+ */
 static atomic_type_properties_t atomic_type_properties[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1] = {
        //ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID = 0,
        [ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID] = {
@@ -52,6 +62,12 @@ static atomic_type_properties_t atomic_type_properties[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1] = {
                .alignment  = 0,
                .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_NONE
        },
+       [ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T] = {
+               .size       = (unsigned)-1,
+               .alignment  = (unsigned)-1,
+               /* signed flag will be set when known */
+               .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
+       },
        [ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR] = {
                .size       = 1,
                .alignment  = 1,
@@ -173,10 +189,16 @@ void init_types(void)
        props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE].alignment = 4;
        props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG].alignment    = 4;
        props[ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG].alignment   = 4;
+       if (firm_opt.os_support == OS_SUPPORT_MACHO) {
+               props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE].size      = 16;
+               props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE].alignment = 16;
+       }
 
        /* TODO: make this configurable for platforms which do not use byte sized
         * bools. */
        props[ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL] = props[ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR];
+
+       props[ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T] = props[wchar_atomic_kind];
 }
 
 void exit_types(void)
@@ -189,11 +211,6 @@ void type_set_output(FILE *stream)
        out = stream;
 }
 
-void inc_type_visited(void)
-{
-       type_visited++;
-}
-
 void print_type_qualifiers(type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
 {
        int first = 1;
@@ -216,6 +233,7 @@ const char *get_atomic_kind_name(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
        switch(kind) {
        case ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID: break;
        case ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID:        return "void";
+       case ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T:     return "wchar_t";
        case ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL:        return c_mode & _CXX ? "bool" : "_Bool";
        case ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR:        return "char";
        case ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR:       return "signed char";
@@ -291,60 +309,55 @@ void print_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
  * Print the first part (the prefix) of a type.
  *
  * @param type   The type to print.
- * @param top    true, if this is the top type, false if it's an embedded type.
  */
-static void print_function_type_pre(const function_type_t *type, bool top)
+static void print_function_type_pre(const function_type_t *type)
 {
-       if (type->linkage != NULL) {
-               fputs("extern \"", out);
-               fputs(type->linkage->string, out);
-               fputs("\" ", out);
+       switch (type->linkage) {
+               case LINKAGE_INVALID:
+                       break;
+
+               case LINKAGE_C:
+                       if (c_mode & _CXX)
+                               fputs("extern \"C\" ",   out);
+                       break;
+
+               case LINKAGE_CXX:
+                       if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
+                               fputs("extern \"C++\" ", out);
+                       break;
        }
 
        print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers);
        if (type->base.qualifiers != 0)
                fputc(' ', out);
 
-       intern_print_type_pre(type->return_type, false);
+       intern_print_type_pre(type->return_type);
 
-#if 0
-       /* TODO: revive with linkage */
-       switch (type->linkage) {
-       case CC_CDECL:
-               fputs("__cdecl ", out);
-               break;
-       case CC_STDCALL:
-               fputs("__stdcall ", out);
-               break;
-       case CC_FASTCALL:
-               fputs("__fastcall ", out);
-               break;
-       case CC_THISCALL:
-               fputs("__thiscall ", out);
-               break;
+       cc_kind_t cc = type->calling_convention;
+restart:
+       switch (cc) {
+       case CC_CDECL:    fputs(" __cdecl",    out); break;
+       case CC_STDCALL:  fputs(" __stdcall",  out); break;
+       case CC_FASTCALL: fputs(" __fastcall", out); break;
+       case CC_THISCALL: fputs(" __thiscall", out); break;
        case CC_DEFAULT:
+               if (default_calling_convention != CC_CDECL) {
+                       /* show the default calling convention if its not cdecl */
+                       cc = default_calling_convention;
+                       goto restart;
+               }
                break;
        }
-#endif
-
-       /* don't emit parenthesis if we're the toplevel type... */
-       if (!top)
-               fputc('(', out);
 }
 
 /**
  * Print the second part (the postfix) of a type.
  *
  * @param type   The type to print.
- * @param top    true, if this is the top type, false if it's an embedded type.
  */
 static void print_function_type_post(const function_type_t *type,
-                                     const scope_t *parameters, bool top)
+                                     const scope_t *parameters)
 {
-       /* don't emit parenthesis if we're the toplevel type... */
-       if (!top)
-               fputc(')', out);
-
        fputc('(', out);
        bool first = true;
        if (parameters == NULL) {
@@ -359,15 +372,21 @@ static void print_function_type_post(const function_type_t *type,
                }
        } else {
                entity_t *parameter = parameters->entities;
-               for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
+               for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
+                       if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
+                               continue;
+
                        if (first) {
                                first = false;
                        } else {
                                fputs(", ", out);
                        }
-                       assert(is_declaration(parameter));
-                       print_type_ext(parameter->declaration.type, parameter->base.symbol,
-                                      NULL);
+                       const type_t *const type = parameter->declaration.type;
+                       if (type == NULL) {
+                               fputs(parameter->base.symbol->string, out);
+                       } else {
+                               print_type_ext(type, parameter->base.symbol, NULL);
+                       }
                }
        }
        if (type->variadic) {
@@ -383,7 +402,7 @@ static void print_function_type_post(const function_type_t *type,
        }
        fputc(')', out);
 
-       intern_print_type_post(type->return_type, false);
+       intern_print_type_post(type->return_type);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -393,11 +412,21 @@ static void print_function_type_post(const function_type_t *type,
  */
 static void print_pointer_type_pre(const pointer_type_t *type)
 {
-       intern_print_type_pre(type->points_to, false);
-       fputs("*", out);
-       print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers);
-       if (type->base.qualifiers != 0)
+       type_t const *const points_to = type->points_to;
+       intern_print_type_pre(points_to);
+       if (points_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+               fputs(" (", out);
+       variable_t *const variable = type->base_variable;
+       if (variable != NULL) {
+               fputs(" __based(", out);
+               fputs(variable->base.base.symbol->string, out);
+               fputs(") ", out);
+       }
+       fputc('*', out);
+       type_qualifiers_t const qual = type->base.qualifiers;
+       if (qual != 0)
                fputc(' ', out);
+       print_type_qualifiers(qual);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -407,7 +436,37 @@ static void print_pointer_type_pre(const pointer_type_t *type)
  */
 static void print_pointer_type_post(const pointer_type_t *type)
 {
-       intern_print_type_post(type->points_to, false);
+       type_t const *const points_to = type->points_to;
+       if (points_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+               fputc(')', out);
+       intern_print_type_post(points_to);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prints the prefix part of a reference type.
+ *
+ * @param type   The reference type.
+ */
+static void print_reference_type_pre(const reference_type_t *type)
+{
+       type_t const *const refers_to = type->refers_to;
+       intern_print_type_pre(refers_to);
+       if (refers_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || refers_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+               fputs(" (", out);
+       fputc('&', out);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prints the postfix part of a reference type.
+ *
+ * @param type   The reference type.
+ */
+static void print_reference_type_post(const reference_type_t *type)
+{
+       type_t const *const refers_to = type->refers_to;
+       if (refers_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || refers_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+               fputc(')', out);
+       intern_print_type_post(refers_to);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -417,7 +476,7 @@ static void print_pointer_type_post(const pointer_type_t *type)
  */
 static void print_array_type_pre(const array_type_t *type)
 {
-       intern_print_type_pre(type->element_type, false);
+       intern_print_type_pre(type->element_type);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -439,7 +498,7 @@ static void print_array_type_post(const array_type_t *type)
                print_expression(type->size_expression);
        }
        fputc(']', out);
-       intern_print_type_post(type->element_type, false);
+       intern_print_type_post(type->element_type);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -451,7 +510,7 @@ static void print_bitfield_type_post(const bitfield_type_t *type)
 {
        fputs(" : ", out);
        print_expression(type->size_expression);
-       intern_print_type_post(type->base_type, false);
+       intern_print_type_post(type->base_type);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -470,9 +529,9 @@ void print_enum_definition(const enum_t *enume)
               entry = entry->base.next) {
 
                print_indent();
-               fprintf(out, "%s", entry->base.symbol->string);
+               fputs(entry->base.symbol->string, out);
                if (entry->enum_value.value != NULL) {
-                       fprintf(out, " = ");
+                       fputs(" = ", out);
 
                        /* skip the implicit cast */
                        expression_t *expression = entry->enum_value.value;
@@ -481,12 +540,12 @@ void print_enum_definition(const enum_t *enume)
                        }
                        print_expression(expression);
                }
-               fprintf(out, ",\n");
+               fputs(",\n", out);
        }
 
        change_indent(-1);
        print_indent();
-       fputs("}", out);
+       fputc('}', out);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -529,7 +588,10 @@ void print_compound_definition(const compound_t *compound)
 
        change_indent(-1);
        print_indent();
-       fputs("}", out);
+       fputc('}', out);
+       if (compound->modifiers & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
+               fputs("__attribute__((__transparent_union__))", out);
+       }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -580,7 +642,6 @@ static void print_typeof_type_pre(const typeof_type_t *const type)
 {
        fputs("typeof(", out);
        if (type->expression != NULL) {
-               assert(type->typeof_type == NULL);
                print_expression(type->expression);
        } else {
                print_type(type->typeof_type);
@@ -592,9 +653,8 @@ static void print_typeof_type_pre(const typeof_type_t *const type)
  * Prints the prefix part of a type.
  *
  * @param type   The type.
- * @param top    true if we print the toplevel type, false else.
  */
-static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *const type, const bool top)
+static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *const type)
 {
        switch(type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
@@ -623,13 +683,16 @@ static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *const type, const bool top)
                fputs(type->builtin.symbol->string, out);
                return;
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
-               print_function_type_pre(&type->function, top);
+               print_function_type_pre(&type->function);
                return;
        case TYPE_POINTER:
                print_pointer_type_pre(&type->pointer);
                return;
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
+               print_reference_type_pre(&type->reference);
+               return;
        case TYPE_BITFIELD:
-               intern_print_type_pre(type->bitfield.base_type, top);
+               intern_print_type_pre(type->bitfield.base_type);
                return;
        case TYPE_ARRAY:
                print_array_type_pre(&type->array);
@@ -648,17 +711,19 @@ static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *const type, const bool top)
  * Prints the postfix part of a type.
  *
  * @param type   The type.
- * @param top    true if we print the toplevel type, false else.
  */
-static void intern_print_type_post(const type_t *const type, const bool top)
+static void intern_print_type_post(const type_t *const type)
 {
        switch(type->kind) {
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
-               print_function_type_post(&type->function, NULL, top);
+               print_function_type_post(&type->function, NULL);
                return;
        case TYPE_POINTER:
                print_pointer_type_post(&type->pointer);
                return;
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
+               print_reference_type_post(&type->reference);
+               return;
        case TYPE_ARRAY:
                print_array_type_post(&type->array);
                return;
@@ -698,15 +763,15 @@ void print_type_ext(const type_t *const type, const symbol_t *symbol,
                return;
        }
 
-       intern_print_type_pre(type, true);
+       intern_print_type_pre(type);
        if (symbol != NULL) {
                fputc(' ', out);
                fputs(symbol->string, out);
        }
        if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-               print_function_type_post(&type->function, parameters, true);
+               print_function_type_post(&type->function, parameters);
        } else {
-               intern_print_type_post(type, true);
+               intern_print_type_post(type);
        }
 }
 
@@ -715,7 +780,7 @@ void print_type_ext(const type_t *const type, const symbol_t *symbol,
  *
  * @param type  The type.
  */
-static size_t get_type_size(const type_t *type)
+static size_t get_type_struct_size(const type_t *type)
 {
        switch(type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:          return sizeof(atomic_type_t);
@@ -726,6 +791,7 @@ static size_t get_type_size(const type_t *type)
        case TYPE_ENUM:            return sizeof(enum_type_t);
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:        return sizeof(function_type_t);
        case TYPE_POINTER:         return sizeof(pointer_type_t);
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:       return sizeof(reference_type_t);
        case TYPE_ARRAY:           return sizeof(array_type_t);
        case TYPE_BUILTIN:         return sizeof(builtin_type_t);
        case TYPE_TYPEDEF:         return sizeof(typedef_type_t);
@@ -747,10 +813,11 @@ static size_t get_type_size(const type_t *type)
  */
 type_t *duplicate_type(const type_t *type)
 {
-       size_t size = get_type_size(type);
+       size_t size = get_type_struct_size(type);
 
        type_t *copy = obstack_alloc(type_obst, size);
        memcpy(copy, type, size);
+       copy->base.firm_type = NULL;
 
        return copy;
 }
@@ -771,12 +838,7 @@ type_t *get_unqualified_type(type_t *type)
        type_t *unqualified_type          = duplicate_type(type);
        unqualified_type->base.qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 
-       type_t *result = typehash_insert(unqualified_type);
-       if (result != unqualified_type) {
-               obstack_free(type_obst, unqualified_type);
-       }
-
-       return result;
+       return identify_new_type(unqualified_type);
 }
 
 type_t *get_qualified_type(type_t *orig_type, type_qualifiers_t const qual)
@@ -804,11 +866,7 @@ type_t *get_qualified_type(type_t *orig_type, type_qualifiers_t const qual)
                return type;
        }
 
-       type = typehash_insert(copy);
-       if (type != copy)
-               obstack_free(type_obst, copy);
-
-       return type;
+       return identify_new_type(copy);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1007,6 +1065,7 @@ bool is_type_incomplete(const type_t *type)
        case TYPE_BITFIELD:
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
        case TYPE_POINTER:
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
        case TYPE_BUILTIN:
        case TYPE_ERROR:
                return false;
@@ -1026,6 +1085,14 @@ bool is_type_object(const type_t *type)
        return !is_type_function(type) && !is_type_incomplete(type);
 }
 
+bool is_builtin_va_list(type_t *type)
+{
+       type_t *tp = skip_typeref(type);
+
+       return tp->kind == type_valist->kind &&
+              tp->builtin.symbol == type_valist->builtin.symbol;
+}
+
 /**
  * Check if two function types are compatible.
  */
@@ -1040,6 +1107,16 @@ static bool function_types_compatible(const function_type_t *func1,
        if (func1->linkage != func2->linkage)
                return false;
 
+       cc_kind_t cc1 = func1->calling_convention;
+       if (cc1 == CC_DEFAULT)
+               cc1 = default_calling_convention;
+       cc_kind_t cc2 = func2->calling_convention;
+       if (cc2 == CC_DEFAULT)
+               cc2 = default_calling_convention;
+
+       if (cc1 != cc2)
+               return false;
+
        /* can parameters be compared? */
        if (func1->unspecified_parameters || func2->unspecified_parameters)
                return true;
@@ -1125,8 +1202,18 @@ bool types_compatible(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
                return types_compatible(to1, to2);
        }
 
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE: {
+               const type_t *const to1 = skip_typeref(type1->reference.refers_to);
+               const type_t *const to2 = skip_typeref(type2->reference.refers_to);
+               return types_compatible(to1, to2);
+       }
+
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
+
+
+               break;
+       }
        case TYPE_ENUM:
        case TYPE_BUILTIN:
                /* TODO: not implemented */
@@ -1157,7 +1244,6 @@ bool types_compatible(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
 type_t *skip_typeref(type_t *type)
 {
        type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
-       type_modifiers_t  modifiers  = TYPE_MODIFIER_NONE;
 
        while (true) {
                switch (type->kind) {
@@ -1165,7 +1251,7 @@ type_t *skip_typeref(type_t *type)
                        return type;
                case TYPE_TYPEDEF: {
                        qualifiers |= type->base.qualifiers;
-                       modifiers  |= type->base.modifiers;
+
                        const typedef_type_t *typedef_type = &type->typedeft;
                        if (typedef_type->resolved_type != NULL) {
                                type = typedef_type->resolved_type;
@@ -1174,22 +1260,17 @@ type_t *skip_typeref(type_t *type)
                        type = typedef_type->typedefe->type;
                        continue;
                }
-               case TYPE_TYPEOF: {
-                       const typeof_type_t *typeof_type = &type->typeoft;
-                       if (typeof_type->typeof_type != NULL) {
-                               type = typeof_type->typeof_type;
-                       } else {
-                               type = typeof_type->expression->base.type;
-                       }
+               case TYPE_TYPEOF:
+                       qualifiers |= type->base.qualifiers;
+                       type        = type->typeoft.typeof_type;
                        continue;
-               }
                default:
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
 
-       if (qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE || modifiers != TYPE_MODIFIER_NONE) {
+       if (qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE) {
                type_t *const copy = duplicate_type(type);
 
                /* for const with typedefed array type the element type has to be
@@ -1198,23 +1279,156 @@ type_t *skip_typeref(type_t *type)
                        type_t *element_type           = copy->array.element_type;
                        element_type                   = duplicate_type(element_type);
                        element_type->base.qualifiers |= qualifiers;
-                       element_type->base.modifiers  |= modifiers;
                        copy->array.element_type       = element_type;
                } else {
                        copy->base.qualifiers |= qualifiers;
-                       copy->base.modifiers  |= modifiers;
                }
 
-               type = typehash_insert(copy);
-               if (type != copy) {
-                       obstack_free(type_obst, copy);
-               }
+               type = identify_new_type(copy);
        }
 
        return type;
 }
 
-type_qualifiers_t get_type_qualifier(const type_t *type, bool skip_array_type) {
+unsigned get_type_size(type_t *type)
+{
+       switch (type->kind) {
+       case TYPE_INVALID:
+               break;
+       case TYPE_ERROR:
+               return 0;
+       case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind);
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->complex.akind) * 2;
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->imaginary.akind);
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
+               layout_union_type(&type->compound);
+               return type->compound.compound->size;
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+               layout_struct_type(&type->compound);
+               return type->compound.compound->size;
+       case TYPE_ENUM:
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->enumt.akind);
+       case TYPE_FUNCTION:
+               return 0; /* non-const (but "address-const") */
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
+       case TYPE_POINTER:
+               /* TODO: make configurable by backend */
+               return 4;
+       case TYPE_ARRAY: {
+               /* TODO: correct if element_type is aligned? */
+               il_size_t element_size = get_type_size(type->array.element_type);
+               return type->array.size * element_size;
+       }
+       case TYPE_BITFIELD:
+               return 0;
+       case TYPE_BUILTIN:
+               return get_type_size(type->builtin.real_type);
+       case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
+               return get_type_size(type->typedeft.typedefe->type);
+       case TYPE_TYPEOF:
+               if (type->typeoft.typeof_type) {
+                       return get_type_size(type->typeoft.typeof_type);
+               } else {
+                       return get_type_size(type->typeoft.expression->base.type);
+               }
+       }
+       panic("invalid type in get_type_size");
+}
+
+unsigned get_type_alignment(type_t *type)
+{
+       switch (type->kind) {
+       case TYPE_INVALID:
+               break;
+       case TYPE_ERROR:
+               return 0;
+       case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+               return get_atomic_type_alignment(type->atomic.akind);
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+               return get_atomic_type_alignment(type->complex.akind);
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+               return get_atomic_type_alignment(type->imaginary.akind);
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
+               layout_union_type(&type->compound);
+               return type->compound.compound->alignment;
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+               layout_struct_type(&type->compound);
+               return type->compound.compound->alignment;
+       case TYPE_ENUM:
+               return get_atomic_type_alignment(type->enumt.akind);
+       case TYPE_FUNCTION:
+               /* what is correct here? */
+               return 4;
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
+       case TYPE_POINTER:
+               /* TODO: make configurable by backend */
+               return 4;
+       case TYPE_ARRAY:
+               return get_type_alignment(type->array.element_type);
+       case TYPE_BITFIELD:
+               return 0;
+       case TYPE_BUILTIN:
+               return get_type_alignment(type->builtin.real_type);
+       case TYPE_TYPEDEF: {
+               il_alignment_t alignment
+                       = get_type_alignment(type->typedeft.typedefe->type);
+               if (type->typedeft.typedefe->alignment > alignment)
+                       alignment = type->typedeft.typedefe->alignment;
+
+               return alignment;
+       }
+       case TYPE_TYPEOF:
+               if (type->typeoft.typeof_type) {
+                       return get_type_alignment(type->typeoft.typeof_type);
+               } else {
+                       return get_type_alignment(type->typeoft.expression->base.type);
+               }
+       }
+       panic("invalid type in get_type_alignment");
+}
+
+decl_modifiers_t get_type_modifiers(const type_t *type)
+{
+       switch(type->kind) {
+       case TYPE_INVALID:
+       case TYPE_ERROR:
+               break;
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
+               return type->compound.compound->modifiers;
+       case TYPE_FUNCTION:
+               return type->function.modifiers;
+       case TYPE_ENUM:
+       case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
+       case TYPE_POINTER:
+       case TYPE_BITFIELD:
+       case TYPE_ARRAY:
+               return 0;
+       case TYPE_BUILTIN:
+               return get_type_modifiers(type->builtin.real_type);
+       case TYPE_TYPEDEF: {
+               decl_modifiers_t modifiers = type->typedeft.typedefe->modifiers;
+               modifiers |= get_type_modifiers(type->typedeft.typedefe->type);
+               return modifiers;
+       }
+       case TYPE_TYPEOF:
+               if (type->typeoft.typeof_type) {
+                       return get_type_modifiers(type->typeoft.typeof_type);
+               } else {
+                       return get_type_modifiers(type->typeoft.expression->base.type);
+               }
+       }
+       panic("invalid type found in get_type_modifiers");
+}
+
+type_qualifiers_t get_type_qualifier(const type_t *type, bool skip_array_type)
+{
        type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 
        while (true) {
@@ -1229,15 +1443,9 @@ type_qualifiers_t get_type_qualifier(const type_t *type, bool skip_array_type) {
                        else
                                type = typedef_type->typedefe->type;
                        continue;
-               case TYPE_TYPEOF: {
-                       const typeof_type_t *typeof_type = &type->typeoft;
-                       if (typeof_type->typeof_type != NULL) {
-                               type = typeof_type->typeof_type;
-                       } else {
-                               type = typeof_type->expression->base.type;
-                       }
+               case TYPE_TYPEOF:
+                       type = type->typeoft.typeof_type;
                        continue;
-               }
                case TYPE_ARRAY:
                        if (skip_array_type) {
                                type = type->array.element_type;
@@ -1293,7 +1501,8 @@ atomic_type_kind_t get_uintptr_kind(void)
 /**
  * Find the atomic type kind representing a given size (signed).
  */
-atomic_type_kind_t find_signed_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size) {
+atomic_type_kind_t find_signed_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size)
+{
        static atomic_type_kind_t kinds[32];
 
        assert(size < 32);
@@ -1306,7 +1515,7 @@ atomic_type_kind_t find_signed_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size) {
                        ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG,
                        ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG
                };
-               for(unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(possible_kinds)/sizeof(possible_kinds[0]); ++i) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(possible_kinds); ++i) {
                        if (get_atomic_type_size(possible_kinds[i]) == size) {
                                kind = possible_kinds[i];
                                break;
@@ -1320,7 +1529,8 @@ atomic_type_kind_t find_signed_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size) {
 /**
  * Find the atomic type kind representing a given size (signed).
  */
-atomic_type_kind_t find_unsigned_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size) {
+atomic_type_kind_t find_unsigned_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size)
+{
        static atomic_type_kind_t kinds[32];
 
        assert(size < 32);
@@ -1333,7 +1543,7 @@ atomic_type_kind_t find_unsigned_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size) {
                        ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG,
                        ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG
                };
-               for(unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(possible_kinds)/sizeof(possible_kinds[0]); ++i) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(possible_kinds); ++i) {
                        if (get_atomic_type_size(possible_kinds[i]) == size) {
                                kind = possible_kinds[i];
                                break;
@@ -1348,7 +1558,7 @@ atomic_type_kind_t find_unsigned_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size) {
  * Hash the given type and return the "singleton" version
  * of it.
  */
-static type_t *identify_new_type(type_t *type)
+type_t *identify_new_type(type_t *type)
 {
        type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
        if (result != type) {
@@ -1369,8 +1579,6 @@ type_t *make_atomic_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
        memset(type, 0, sizeof(atomic_type_t));
 
        type->kind            = TYPE_ATOMIC;
-       type->base.size       = get_atomic_type_size(akind);
-       type->base.alignment  = get_atomic_type_alignment(akind);
        type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
        type->atomic.akind    = akind;
 
@@ -1390,7 +1598,6 @@ type_t *make_complex_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, type_qualifiers_t qualifiers
 
        type->kind            = TYPE_COMPLEX;
        type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
-       type->base.alignment  = get_atomic_type_alignment(akind);
        type->complex.akind   = akind;
 
        return identify_new_type(type);
@@ -1409,7 +1616,6 @@ type_t *make_imaginary_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, type_qualifiers_t qualifie
 
        type->kind            = TYPE_IMAGINARY;
        type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
-       type->base.alignment  = get_atomic_type_alignment(akind);
        type->imaginary.akind = akind;
 
        return identify_new_type(type);
@@ -1426,14 +1632,53 @@ type_t *make_pointer_type(type_t *points_to, type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
        type_t *type = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(pointer_type_t));
        memset(type, 0, sizeof(pointer_type_t));
 
-       type->kind              = TYPE_POINTER;
-       type->base.qualifiers   = qualifiers;
-       type->base.alignment    = 0;
-       type->pointer.points_to = points_to;
+       type->kind                  = TYPE_POINTER;
+       type->base.qualifiers       = qualifiers;
+       type->pointer.points_to     = points_to;
+       type->pointer.base_variable = NULL;
+
+       return identify_new_type(type);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new reference type.
+ *
+ * @param refers_to   The referred-to type for the new type.
+ */
+type_t *make_reference_type(type_t *refers_to)
+{
+       type_t *type = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(reference_type_t));
+       memset(type, 0, sizeof(reference_type_t));
+
+       type->kind                = TYPE_REFERENCE;
+       type->base.qualifiers     = 0;
+       type->reference.refers_to = refers_to;
+
+       return identify_new_type(type);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new based pointer type.
+ *
+ * @param points_to   The points-to type for the new type.
+ * @param qualifiers  Type qualifiers for the new type.
+ * @param variable    The based variable
+ */
+type_t *make_based_pointer_type(type_t *points_to,
+                                                               type_qualifiers_t qualifiers, variable_t *variable)
+{
+       type_t *type = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(pointer_type_t));
+       memset(type, 0, sizeof(pointer_type_t));
+
+       type->kind                  = TYPE_POINTER;
+       type->base.qualifiers       = qualifiers;
+       type->pointer.points_to     = points_to;
+       type->pointer.base_variable = variable;
 
        return identify_new_type(type);
 }
 
+
 type_t *make_array_type(type_t *element_type, size_t size,
                         type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
 {
@@ -1442,7 +1687,6 @@ type_t *make_array_type(type_t *element_type, size_t size,
 
        type->kind                = TYPE_ARRAY;
        type->base.qualifiers     = qualifiers;
-       type->base.alignment      = 0;
        type->array.element_type  = element_type;
        type->array.size          = size;
        type->array.size_constant = true;
@@ -1450,6 +1694,177 @@ type_t *make_array_type(type_t *element_type, size_t size,
        return identify_new_type(type);
 }
 
+static entity_t *pack_bitfield_members(il_size_t *struct_offset,
+                                       il_alignment_t *struct_alignment,
+                                                                          bool packed, entity_t *first)
+{
+       il_size_t      offset     = *struct_offset;
+       il_alignment_t alignment  = *struct_alignment;
+       size_t         bit_offset = 0;
+
+       entity_t *member;
+       for (member = first; member != NULL; member = member->base.next) {
+               if (member->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
+                       break;
+
+               type_t *type = member->declaration.type;
+               if (type->kind != TYPE_BITFIELD)
+                       break;
+
+               type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(type->bitfield.base_type);
+               il_alignment_t base_alignment = get_type_alignment(base_type);
+               il_alignment_t alignment_mask = base_alignment-1;
+               if (base_alignment > alignment)
+                       alignment = base_alignment;
+
+               size_t bit_size = type->bitfield.bit_size;
+               if (!packed) {
+                       bit_offset += (offset & alignment_mask) * BITS_PER_BYTE;
+                       offset     &= ~alignment_mask;
+                       size_t base_size = get_type_size(base_type) * BITS_PER_BYTE;
+
+                       if (bit_offset + bit_size > base_size || bit_size == 0) {
+                               offset    += (bit_offset+BITS_PER_BYTE-1) / BITS_PER_BYTE;
+                               offset     = (offset + base_alignment-1) & ~alignment_mask;
+                               bit_offset = 0;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               member->compound_member.offset     = offset;
+               member->compound_member.bit_offset = bit_offset;
+
+               bit_offset += bit_size;
+               offset     += bit_offset / BITS_PER_BYTE;
+               bit_offset %= BITS_PER_BYTE;
+       }
+
+       if (bit_offset > 0)
+               offset += 1;
+
+       *struct_offset    = offset;
+       *struct_alignment = alignment;
+
+       return member;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finish the construction of a struct type by calculating its size, offsets,
+ * alignment.
+ */
+void layout_struct_type(compound_type_t *type)
+{
+       assert(type->compound != NULL);
+
+       compound_t *compound = type->compound;
+       if (!compound->complete)
+               return;
+       if (type->compound->layouted)
+               return;
+
+       il_size_t      offset    = 0;
+       il_alignment_t alignment = compound->alignment;
+       bool           need_pad  = false;
+
+       entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
+       while (entry != NULL) {
+               if (entry->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER) {
+                       entry = entry->base.next;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               type_t *m_type  = entry->declaration.type;
+               type_t *skipped = skip_typeref(m_type);
+               if (! is_type_valid(skipped)) {
+                       entry = entry->base.next;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (skipped->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       entry = pack_bitfield_members(&offset, &alignment,
+                                                     compound->packed, entry);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               il_alignment_t m_alignment = get_type_alignment(m_type);
+               if (m_alignment > alignment)
+                       alignment = m_alignment;
+
+               if (!compound->packed) {
+                       il_size_t new_offset = (offset + m_alignment-1) & -m_alignment;
+
+                       if (new_offset > offset) {
+                               need_pad = true;
+                               offset   = new_offset;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               entry->compound_member.offset = offset;
+               offset += get_type_size(m_type);
+
+               entry = entry->base.next;
+       }
+
+       if (!compound->packed) {
+               il_size_t new_offset = (offset + alignment-1) & -alignment;
+               if (new_offset > offset) {
+                       need_pad = true;
+                       offset   = new_offset;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (need_pad) {
+               if (warning.padded) {
+                       warningf(&compound->base.source_position, "'%T' needs padding",
+                                type);
+               }
+       } else if (compound->packed && warning.packed) {
+               warningf(&compound->base.source_position,
+                        "superfluous packed attribute on '%T'", type);
+       }
+
+       compound->size      = offset;
+       compound->alignment = alignment;
+       compound->layouted  = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finish the construction of an union type by calculating
+ * its size and alignment.
+ */
+void layout_union_type(compound_type_t *type)
+{
+       assert(type->compound != NULL);
+
+       compound_t *compound = type->compound;
+       if (! compound->complete)
+               return;
+
+       il_size_t      size      = 0;
+       il_alignment_t alignment = compound->alignment;
+
+       entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
+       for (; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
+               if (entry->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
+                       continue;
+
+               type_t *m_type = entry->declaration.type;
+               if (! is_type_valid(skip_typeref(m_type)))
+                       continue;
+
+               entry->compound_member.offset = 0;
+               il_size_t m_size = get_type_size(m_type);
+               if (m_size > size)
+                       size = m_size;
+               il_alignment_t m_alignment = get_type_alignment(m_type);
+               if (m_alignment > alignment)
+                       alignment = m_alignment;
+       }
+       size = (size + alignment - 1) & -alignment;
+
+       compound->size      = size;
+       compound->alignment = alignment;
+}
+
 /**
  * Debug helper. Prints the given type to stdout.
  */