build unknown if return value is missing
[cparser] / parser.c
index fdb85bd..d35396f 100644 (file)
--- a/parser.c
+++ b/parser.c
 typedef struct {
        declaration_t *old_declaration;
        symbol_t      *symbol;
-       unsigned short namespace;
+       unsigned short namespc;
 } stack_entry_t;
 
-static token_t               token;
-static token_t               lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
-static int                   lookahead_bufpos;
-static stack_entry_t        *environment_stack = NULL;
-static context_t            *global_context    = NULL;
-static context_t            *context           = NULL;
-static declaration_t        *last_declaration  = NULL;
-static struct obstack        temp_obst;
-
-static type_t               *type_int        = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_double     = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_const_char = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_string     = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_void       = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_size_t     = NULL;
+static token_t         token;
+static token_t         lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
+static int             lookahead_bufpos;
+static stack_entry_t  *environment_stack = NULL;
+static stack_entry_t  *label_stack       = NULL;
+static context_t      *global_context    = NULL;
+static context_t      *context           = NULL;
+static declaration_t  *last_declaration  = NULL;
+static declaration_t  *current_function  = NULL;
+static struct obstack  temp_obst;
+static bool            found_error;
+
+static type_t         *type_int         = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_uint        = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_long_double = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_double      = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_float       = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_char        = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_string      = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_void        = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_void_ptr    = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_size_t      = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_ptrdiff_t   = NULL;
 
 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void);
 static statement_t *parse_statement(void);
@@ -64,14 +72,10 @@ static type_t       *parse_typename(void);
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS  \
        case T__Complex:
-#else
-#define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS
-#endif
-
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
        case T__Imaginary:
 #else
+#define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS
 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS
 #endif
 
@@ -116,6 +120,26 @@ static inline void *allocate_type_zero(size_t size)
        return res;
 }
 
+static inline size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t size[] = {
+               [INITIALIZER_VALUE]  = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_LIST]   = sizeof(initializer_list_t)
+       };
+       assert(type < INITIALIZER_COUNT);
+       assert(size[type] != 0);
+       return size[type];
+}
+
+static inline initializer_t *allocate_initializer(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(type));
+       result->type          = type;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
 static inline void free_type(void *type)
 {
        obstack_free(type_obst, type);
@@ -129,6 +153,11 @@ static inline size_t environment_top(void)
        return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
 }
 
+static inline size_t label_top(void)
+{
+       return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
+}
+
 
 
 static inline void next_token(void)
@@ -156,6 +185,7 @@ static inline const token_t *look_ahead(int num)
 
 static void error(void)
 {
+       found_error = true;
 #ifdef ABORT_ON_ERROR
        abort();
 #endif
@@ -179,8 +209,7 @@ static void parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
 
 static void parser_print_error_prefix(void)
 {
-       parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
-       error();
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
 }
 
 static void parse_error(const char *message)
@@ -189,13 +218,25 @@ static void parse_error(const char *message)
        fprintf(stderr, "parse error: %s\n", message);
 }
 
-__attribute__((unused))
-static void parse_warning(const char *message)
+static void parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(
+               const source_position_t source_position)
+{
+       parser_print_prefix_pos(source_position);
+       fputs("warning: ", stderr);
+}
+
+static void parse_warning_pos(const source_position_t source_position,
+                              const char *const message)
 {
-       parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
+       parser_print_prefix_pos(source_position);
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: %s\n", message);
 }
 
+static void parse_warning(const char *message)
+{
+       parse_warning_pos(token.source_position, message);
+}
+
 static void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
 {
        va_list args;
@@ -225,6 +266,33 @@ static void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 }
 
+static void print_type_quoted(type_t *type)
+{
+       fputc('\'', stderr);
+       print_type(type);
+       fputc('\'', stderr);
+}
+
+static void type_error(const char *msg, const source_position_t source_position,
+                       type_t *type)
+{
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
+       fprintf(stderr, "%s, but found type ", msg);
+       print_type_quoted(type);
+       fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
+               const source_position_t source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
+{
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
+       fprintf(stderr, "%s, incompatible types: ", msg);
+       print_type_quoted(type1);
+       fprintf(stderr, " - ");
+       print_type_quoted(type2);
+       fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+}
+
 static void eat_block(void)
 {
        if(token.type == '{')
@@ -290,6 +358,14 @@ static void eat_brace(void)
     }                                              \
     next_token();
 
+#define expect_block(expected)                     \
+    if(UNLIKELY(token.type != (expected))) {       \
+        parse_error_expected(NULL, (expected), 0); \
+        eat_block();                               \
+        return NULL;                               \
+    }                                              \
+    next_token();
+
 #define expect_void(expected)                      \
     if(UNLIKELY(token.type != (expected))) {       \
         parse_error_expected(NULL, (expected), 0); \
@@ -321,20 +397,20 @@ static bool is_compatible_declaration (declaration_t *declaration,
        return declaration->type == previous->type;
 }
 
-static declaration_t *get_declaration(symbol_t *symbol, namespace_t namespace)
+static declaration_t *get_declaration(symbol_t *symbol, namespace_t namespc)
 {
        declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->symbol_next) {
-               if(declaration->namespace == namespace)
+               if(declaration->namespc == namespc)
                        return declaration;
        }
 
        return NULL;
 }
 
-static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespace)
+static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespc)
 {
-       switch(namespace) {
+       switch(namespc) {
        case NAMESPACE_NORMAL:
                return "";
        case NAMESPACE_UNION:
@@ -343,6 +419,8 @@ static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespace)
                return "struct ";
        case NAMESPACE_ENUM:
                return "enum ";
+       case NAMESPACE_LABEL:
+               return "label ";
        }
        panic("invalid namespace found");
 }
@@ -351,33 +429,81 @@ static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespace)
  * pushs an environment_entry on the environment stack and links the
  * corresponding symbol to the new entry
  */
-static declaration_t *environment_push(declaration_t *declaration)
+static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
+                                 declaration_t *declaration,
+                                 context_t *parent_context)
 {
        symbol_t    *symbol    = declaration->symbol;
-       namespace_t  namespace = declaration->namespace;
-       assert(declaration->source_position.input_name != NULL);
+       namespace_t  namespc = (namespace_t)declaration->namespc;
 
        /* a declaration should be only pushed once */
        assert(declaration->parent_context == NULL);
-       declaration->parent_context = context;
+       declaration->parent_context = parent_context;
 
-       declaration_t *previous_declaration = get_declaration(symbol, namespace);
+       declaration_t *previous_declaration = get_declaration(symbol, namespc);
        assert(declaration != previous_declaration);
        if(previous_declaration != NULL
                        && previous_declaration->parent_context == context) {
                if(!is_compatible_declaration(declaration, previous_declaration)) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
                        fprintf(stderr, "definition of symbol %s%s with type ",
-                                       get_namespace_prefix(namespace), symbol->string);
-                       error();
-                       print_type(declaration->type);
+                                       get_namespace_prefix(namespc), symbol->string);
+                       print_type_quoted(declaration->type);
                        fputc('\n', stderr);
                        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
                                        previous_declaration->source_position);
                        fprintf(stderr, "is incompatible with previous declaration "
                                        "of type ");
-                       print_type(previous_declaration->type);
+                       print_type_quoted(previous_declaration->type);
                        fputc('\n', stderr);
+               } else {
+                       const storage_class_t old_storage = previous_declaration->storage_class;
+                       const storage_class_t new_storage = declaration->storage_class;
+                       if (current_function == NULL) {
+                               if (old_storage != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
+                                   new_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr,
+                                               "static declaration of '%s' follows non-static declaration\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                               } else {
+                                       if (old_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
+                                               if (new_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
+                                                       previous_declaration->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "redundant declaration for '%s'\n",
+                                                                               symbol->string);
+                                               parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                                                               symbol->string);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               if (old_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
+                                               new_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
+                                       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "redundant extern declaration for '%s'\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                                       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                               } else {
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                       if (old_storage == new_storage) {
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "redeclaration of '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+                                       } else {
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "redeclaration of '%s' with different linkage\n", symbol->string);
+                                       }
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                               }
+                       }
                }
                return previous_declaration;
        }
@@ -386,80 +512,293 @@ static declaration_t *environment_push(declaration_t *declaration)
        stack_entry_t entry;
        entry.symbol          = symbol;
        entry.old_declaration = symbol->declaration;
-       entry.namespace       = namespace;
-       ARR_APP1(environment_stack, entry);
+       entry.namespc       = namespc;
+       ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
 
        /* replace/add declaration into declaration list of the symbol */
        if(symbol->declaration == NULL) {
                symbol->declaration = declaration;
        } else {
-               declaration_t *iter = symbol->declaration;
-               for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->symbol_next) {
-                       declaration_t *symbol_next = iter->symbol_next;
-                       if(symbol_next == NULL) {
-                               iter->symbol_next = declaration;
-                               assert(declaration->symbol_next == NULL);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       if(symbol_next->namespace == namespace) {
-                               iter->symbol_next        = declaration;
-                               declaration->symbol_next = symbol_next->symbol_next;
+               declaration_t *iter_last = NULL;
+               declaration_t *iter      = symbol->declaration;
+               for( ; iter != NULL; iter_last = iter, iter = iter->symbol_next) {
+                       /* replace an entry? */
+                       if(iter->namespc == namespc) {
+                               if(iter_last == NULL) {
+                                       symbol->declaration = declaration;
+                               } else {
+                                       iter_last->symbol_next = declaration;
+                               }
+                               declaration->symbol_next = iter->symbol_next;
                                break;
                        }
                }
+               if(iter == NULL) {
+                       assert(iter_last->symbol_next == NULL);
+                       iter_last->symbol_next = declaration;
+               }
        }
 
        return declaration;
 }
 
+static declaration_t *environment_push(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       assert(declaration->source_position.input_name != NULL);
+       return stack_push(&environment_stack, declaration, context);
+}
+
+static declaration_t *label_push(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       return stack_push(&label_stack, declaration, &current_function->context);
+}
+
 /**
  * pops symbols from the environment stack until @p new_top is the top element
  */
-static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
+static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
 {
-       size_t top = ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
-       size_t i;
+       stack_entry_t *stack = *stack_ptr;
+       size_t         top   = ARR_LEN(stack);
+       size_t         i;
 
        assert(new_top <= top);
        if(new_top == top)
                return;
 
        for(i = top; i > new_top; --i) {
-               stack_entry_t *entry = & environment_stack[i - 1];
+               stack_entry_t *entry = & stack[i - 1];
 
                declaration_t *old_declaration = entry->old_declaration;
                symbol_t      *symbol          = entry->symbol;
-               namespace_t    namespace       = entry->namespace;
+               namespace_t    namespc         = (namespace_t)entry->namespc;
 
                /* replace/remove declaration */
                declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
                assert(declaration != NULL);
-               if(declaration->namespace == namespace) {
+               if(declaration->namespc == namespc) {
                        if(old_declaration == NULL) {
                                symbol->declaration = declaration->symbol_next;
                        } else {
                                symbol->declaration = old_declaration;
-                               assert(old_declaration->symbol_next ==
-                                      declaration->symbol_next);
                        }
                } else {
-                       for(; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->symbol_next) {
-                               declaration_t *symbol_next = declaration->symbol_next;
-                               if(symbol_next->namespace == namespace) {
-                                       declaration->symbol_next = old_declaration;
-                                       assert(old_declaration->symbol_next
-                                               == symbol_next->symbol_next);
+                       declaration_t *iter_last = declaration;
+                       declaration_t *iter      = declaration->symbol_next;
+                       for( ; iter != NULL; iter_last = iter, iter = iter->symbol_next) {
+                               /* replace an entry? */
+                               if(iter->namespc == namespc) {
+                                       assert(iter_last != NULL);
+                                       iter_last->symbol_next = old_declaration;
+                                       old_declaration->symbol_next = iter->symbol_next;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
-                       assert(declaration != NULL);
+                       assert(iter != NULL);
                }
        }
 
-       ARR_SHRINKLEN(environment_stack, (int) new_top);
+       ARR_SHRINKLEN(*stack_ptr, (int) new_top);
+}
+
+static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
+{
+       stack_pop_to(&environment_stack, new_top);
+}
+
+static void label_pop_to(size_t new_top)
+{
+       stack_pop_to(&label_stack, new_top);
+}
+
+
+static int get_rank(const type_t *type)
+{
+       /* The C-standard allows promoting to int or unsigned int (see Â§ 7.2.2
+        * and esp. footnote 108). However we can't fold constants (yet), so we
+        * can't decide wether unsigned int is possible, while int always works.
+        * (unsigned int would be preferable when possible... for stuff like
+        *  struct { enum { ... } bla : 4; } ) */
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ENUM)
+               return ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
+
+       assert(type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC);
+       atomic_type_t      *atomic_type = (atomic_type_t*) type;
+       atomic_type_type_t  atype       = atomic_type->atype;
+       return atype;
+}
+
+static type_t *promote_integer(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(get_rank(type) < ATOMIC_TYPE_INT)
+               type = type_int;
+
+       return type;
 }
 
+static expression_t *create_cast_expression(expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *dest_type)
+{
+       unary_expression_t *cast = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cast[0]));
+
+       cast->expression.type     = EXPR_UNARY;
+       cast->type                = UNEXPR_CAST;
+       cast->value               = expression;
+       cast->expression.datatype = dest_type;
 
+       return (expression_t*) cast;
+}
+
+static bool is_null_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
+{
+       if (expr->type != EXPR_CONST) return false;
+
+       type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->datatype);
+       if (!is_type_integer(type)) return false;
+
+       const const_t *const const_expr = (const const_t*)expr;
+       return const_expr->v.int_value == 0;
+}
+
+static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
+                                          type_t *dest_type)
+{
+       type_t *source_type = expression->datatype;
+
+       if(source_type == NULL)
+               return expression;
+
+       source_type = skip_typeref(source_type);
+       dest_type   = skip_typeref(dest_type);
+
+       if(source_type == dest_type)
+               return expression;
+
+       switch (dest_type->type) {
+               case TYPE_ENUM:
+                       /* TODO warning for implicitly converting to enum */
+               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                       if (source_type->type != TYPE_ATOMIC &&
+                                       source_type->type != TYPE_ENUM) {
+                               panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+                       }
+
+                       if(is_type_floating(dest_type) && !is_type_scalar(source_type)) {
+                               type_error_incompatible("can't cast types",
+                                               expression->source_position, source_type, dest_type);
+                               return expression;
+                       }
+
+                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+
+               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                       switch (source_type->type) {
+                               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                                       if (is_null_expression(expression)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+
+                               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                                       if (pointers_compatible(source_type, dest_type)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+
+                               case TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                                       array_type_t   *array_type = (array_type_t*) source_type;
+                                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type
+                                               = (pointer_type_t*) dest_type;
+                                       if (types_compatible(array_type->element_type,
+                                                                                pointer_type->points_to)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               default:
+                                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+                       }
+
+                       type_error_incompatible("can't implicitly cast types",
+                                       expression->source_position, source_type, dest_type);
+                       return expression;
+
+               default:
+                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+       }
+}
+
+/** Implements the rules from Â§ 6.5.16.1 */
+static void semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t **right,
+                            const char *context)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type_right = (*right)->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *const type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
+           (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_null_expression(*right)) ||
+           (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
+               && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_left  = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_right = (pointer_type_t*) type_right;
+               type_t         *points_to_left     = pointer_type_left->points_to;
+               type_t         *points_to_right    = pointer_type_right->points_to;
+
+               points_to_left  = skip_typeref(points_to_left);
+               points_to_right = skip_typeref(points_to_right);
+
+               if(!is_type_atomic(points_to_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !is_type_atomic(points_to_right, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
+                       goto incompatible_assign_types;
+               }
+
+               /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
+               unsigned missing_qualifiers
+                       = points_to_right->qualifiers & ~points_to_left->qualifiers;
+               if(missing_qualifiers != 0) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "destination type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " in %s from type ", context);
+                       print_type_quoted(type_right);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " lacks qualifiers '");
+                       print_type_qualifiers(missing_qualifiers);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "' in pointed-to type\n");
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (is_type_compound(type_left)
+                       && types_compatible(type_left, type_right)) {
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+incompatible_assign_types:
+       /* TODO: improve error message */
+       parser_print_error_prefix();
+       fprintf(stderr, "incompatible types in %s\n", context);
+       parser_print_error_prefix();
+       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+       fputs(" <- ", stderr);
+       print_type_quoted(type_right);
+       fputs("\n", stderr);
+}
 
 static expression_t *parse_constant_expression(void)
 {
@@ -473,17 +812,19 @@ static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
        return parse_sub_expression(2);
 }
 
-static void parse_compound_type_entries(void);
-static declaration_t *parse_declarator(storage_class_t storage_class,
-               type_t *type, int may_be_abstract);
-static declaration_t *record_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);
-
 typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t  declaration_specifiers_t;
 struct declaration_specifiers_t {
        storage_class_t  storage_class;
+       bool             is_inline;
        type_t          *type;
 };
 
+static void parse_compound_type_entries(void);
+static declaration_t *parse_declarator(
+               const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers, type_t *type,
+               bool may_be_abstract);
+static declaration_t *record_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);
+
 static const char *parse_string_literals(void)
 {
        assert(token.type == T_STRING_LITERAL);
@@ -548,6 +889,7 @@ attributes_finished:
        ;
 }
 
+#if 0
 static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
 {
        if(token.type != '[' && token.type != '.')
@@ -569,7 +911,7 @@ static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
                        designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
                        next_token();
                        if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing designator",
+                               parse_error_expected("while parsing designator",
                                                     T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                                return NULL;
                        }
@@ -590,63 +932,268 @@ static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
                last = designator;
        }
 }
+#endif
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *type,
+                                              const char *string)
+{
+       /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
+       (void) type;
 
-static initializer_t *parse_initializer_list(void);
+       initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_STRING);
+       initializer->string.string = string;
 
-static initializer_t *parse_initializer(void)
+       return initializer;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *type,
+                                                  expression_t *expression)
 {
-       designator_t *designator = parse_designation();
+       /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
 
-       initializer_t *result;
-       if(token.type == '{') {
-               result = parse_initializer_list();
-       } else {
-               result          = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-               result->type    = INITIALIZER_VALUE;
-               result->v.value = parse_assignment_expression();
+       /* Â§ 6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY && expression->type == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+
+               if(element_type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
+                       atomic_type_t      *atomic_type = (atomic_type_t*) element_type;
+                       atomic_type_type_t  atype       = atomic_type->atype;
+
+                       /* TODO handle wide strings */
+                       if(atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR
+                                       || atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR
+                                       || atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR) {
+
+                               string_literal_t *literal = (string_literal_t*) expression;
+                               return initializer_from_string(array_type, literal->value);
+                       }
+               }
        }
-       result->designator = designator;
+
+       semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
+
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
+       result->value.value   = expression;
 
        return result;
 }
 
-static initializer_t *parse_initializer_list(void)
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
+                                            expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *expression_type);
+
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer_elem(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(token.type == '{') {
+               return parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+       }
+
+       expression_t *expression      = parse_assignment_expression();
+       type_t       *expression_type = skip_typeref(expression->datatype);
+
+       return parse_sub_initializer(type, expression, expression_type);
+}
+
+static bool had_initializer_brace_warning;
+
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
+                                            expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *expression_type)
 {
-       eat('{');
+       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
+               if(token.type == '{') {
+                       next_token();
+                       if(!had_initializer_brace_warning) {
+                               parse_warning("braces around scalar initializer");
+                               had_initializer_brace_warning = true;
+                       }
+                       initializer_t *result = parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(token.type == ',') {
+                               next_token();
+                               /* TODO: warn about excessive elements */
+                       }
+                       expect_block('}');
+                       return result;
+               }
 
-       initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-       result->type = INITIALIZER_LIST;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               }
+               return initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+       }
 
-       initializer_t *last = NULL;
-       while(1) {
-               initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer();
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = initializer;
+       /* TODO: ignore qualifiers, comparing pointers is probably
+        * not correct */
+       if(expression != NULL && expression_type == type) {
+               initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
+
+               if(type != NULL) {
+                       semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
+               }
+               result->value.value = expression;
+
+               return result;
+       }
+
+       bool read_paren = false;
+       if(token.type == '{') {
+               next_token();
+               read_paren = true;
+       }
+
+       /* descend into subtype */
+       initializer_t  *result = NULL;
+       initializer_t **elems;
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               element_type               = skip_typeref(element_type);
+
+               initializer_t *sub;
+               had_initializer_brace_warning = false;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(element_type);
                } else {
-                       result->v.list = initializer;
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, expression,
+                                                   expression_type);
                }
-               last = initializer;
 
-               if(token.type == '}')
-                       break;
+               /* didn't match the subtypes -> try the parent type */
+               if(sub == NULL) {
+                       assert(!read_paren);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
 
-               if(token.type != ',') {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing initializer list",
-                                            ',', '}', 0);
-                       eat_block();
-                       return result;
+               elems = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
+               ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+
+               while(true) {
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+                       expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+
+                       initializer_t *sub
+                               = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(sub == NULL) {
+                               /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup */
+                               parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
+                               DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
                }
-               eat(',');
+       } else {
+               assert(type->type == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
+                               || type->type == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
+               compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+               context_t       *context       = & compound_type->declaration->context;
 
-               if(token.type == '}')
-                       break;
+               declaration_t *first = context->declarations;
+               if(first == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
+               type_t *first_type = first->type;
+               first_type         = skip_typeref(first_type);
+
+               initializer_t *sub;
+               had_initializer_brace_warning = false;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(first_type);
+               } else {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(first_type, expression,expression_type);
+               }
+
+               /* didn't match the subtypes -> try our parent type */
+               if(sub == NULL) {
+                       assert(!read_paren);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               elems = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
+               ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+
+               declaration_t *iter  = first->next;
+               for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+                       if(iter->symbol == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       if(iter->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+                               continue;
+
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+                       expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+
+                       type_t *iter_type = iter->type;
+                       iter_type         = skip_typeref(iter_type);
+
+                       initializer_t *sub = parse_sub_initializer(iter_type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(sub == NULL) {
+                               /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup*/
+                               parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
+                               DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+               }
+       }
+
+       int    len        = ARR_LEN(elems);
+       size_t elems_size = sizeof(initializer_t*) * len;
+
+       initializer_list_t *init = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(init[0]) + elems_size);
+
+       init->initializer.type = INITIALIZER_LIST;
+       init->len              = len;
+       memcpy(init->initializers, elems, elems_size);
+       DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+
+       result = (initializer_t*) init;
+
+       if(read_paren) {
+               if(token.type == ',')
+                       next_token();
+               expect('}');
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *parse_initializer(type_t *type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result;
+
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+
+       if(token.type != '{') {
+               expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               return initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
        }
 
-       expect('}');
+       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* Â§ 6.7.8.11 */
+               eat('{');
+
+               expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               result = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+
+               if(token.type == ',')
+                       next_token();
+
+               expect('}');
+               return result;
+       } else {
+               result = parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+       }
 
        return result;
 }
 
+
+
 static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
 {
        if(is_struct) {
@@ -658,6 +1205,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
        symbol_t      *symbol      = NULL;
        declaration_t *declaration = NULL;
 
+       if (token.type == T___attribute__) {
+               /* TODO */
+               parse_attributes();
+       }
+
        if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
                symbol = token.v.symbol;
                next_token();
@@ -669,10 +1221,10 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
                }
        } else if(token.type != '{') {
                if(is_struct) {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing struct type specifier",
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing struct type specifier",
                                             T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
                } else {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing union type specifier",
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing union type specifier",
                                             T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
                }
 
@@ -683,12 +1235,13 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
                declaration = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
                if(is_struct) {
-                       declaration->namespace = NAMESPACE_STRUCT;
+                       declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_STRUCT;
                } else {
-                       declaration->namespace = NAMESPACE_UNION;
+                       declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_UNION;
                }
                declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
                declaration->symbol          = symbol;
+               record_declaration(declaration);
        }
 
        if(token.type == '{') {
@@ -699,7 +1252,6 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
                                        is_struct ? "struct" : "union", symbol->string);
                        declaration->context.declarations = NULL;
                }
-               record_declaration(declaration);
                declaration->init.is_defined = true;
 
                int         top          = environment_top();
@@ -717,7 +1269,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
        return declaration;
 }
 
-static void parse_enum_entries(void)
+static void parse_enum_entries(enum_type_t *const enum_type)
 {
        eat('{');
 
@@ -731,19 +1283,21 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(void)
                declaration_t *entry = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(entry[0]));
 
                if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing enum entry",
-                                            T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing enum entry", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                        eat_block();
                        return;
                }
                entry->storage_class   = STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY;
+               entry->type            = (type_t*) enum_type;
                entry->symbol          = token.v.symbol;
                entry->source_position = token.source_position;
                next_token();
 
                if(token.type == '=') {
                        next_token();
-                       entry->init.initializer = parse_initializer();
+                       entry->init.enum_value = parse_constant_expression();
+
+                       /* TODO semantic */
                }
 
                record_declaration(entry);
@@ -756,7 +1310,7 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(void)
        expect_void('}');
 }
 
-static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
+static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
 {
        eat(T_enum);
 
@@ -769,7 +1323,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
 
                declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_ENUM);
        } else if(token.type != '{') {
-               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing enum type specifier",
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing enum type specifier",
                                     T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
                return NULL;
        } else {
@@ -780,11 +1334,15 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
        if(declaration == NULL) {
                declaration = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
-               declaration->namespace       = NAMESPACE_ENUM;
+               declaration->namespc       = NAMESPACE_ENUM;
                declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
                declaration->symbol          = symbol;
        }
 
+       enum_type_t *const enum_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(enum_type[0]));
+       enum_type->type.type         = TYPE_ENUM;
+       enum_type->declaration       = declaration;
+
        if(token.type == '{') {
                if(declaration->init.is_defined) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
@@ -794,11 +1352,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
                record_declaration(declaration);
                declaration->init.is_defined = 1;
 
-               parse_enum_entries();
+               parse_enum_entries(enum_type);
                parse_attributes();
        }
 
-       return declaration;
+       return (type_t*) enum_type;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -806,12 +1364,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
  */
 static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
 {
-       declaration_t *declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
-       if(declaration == NULL
-                       || declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
+       const declaration_t *const declaration =
+               get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
+       return
+               declaration != NULL &&
+               declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF;
 }
 
 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
@@ -877,8 +1434,6 @@ typedef enum {
        SPECIFIER_VOID      = 1 << 10,
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
        SPECIFIER_COMPLEX   = 1 << 11,
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
        SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 12,
 #endif
 } specifiers_t;
@@ -888,6 +1443,8 @@ static type_t *create_builtin_type(symbol_t *symbol)
        builtin_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
        type->type.type      = TYPE_BUILTIN;
        type->symbol         = symbol;
+       /* TODO... */
+       type->real_type      = type_int;
 
        return (type_t*) type;
 }
@@ -943,7 +1500,6 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const,    TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
-               MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_inline,   TYPE_QUALIFIER_INLINE);
 
                case T___extension__:
                        /* TODO */
@@ -972,10 +1528,13 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool,      SPECIFIER_BOOL,      "_Bool")
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex,   SPECIFIER_COMPLEX,   "_Complex")
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary")
 #endif
+               case T_inline:
+                       next_token();
+                       specifiers->is_inline = true;
+                       break;
+
                case T_long:
                        next_token();
                        if(type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG) {
@@ -990,31 +1549,24 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                /* TODO: if type != NULL for the following rules should issue
                 * an error */
                case T_struct: {
-                       compound_type_t *compound_type
-                               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT;
-                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(struct compound_type_t));
 
-                       type = (type_t*) compound_type;
+                       compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+                       compound_type->type.type   = TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT;
+                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
                        break;
                }
                case T_union: {
-                       compound_type_t *compound_type
-                               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION;
-                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type_t));
 
-                       type = (type_t*) compound_type;
+                       compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+                       compound_type->type.type   = TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION;
+                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
                        break;
                }
-               case T_enum: {
-                       enum_type_t *enum_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(enum_type[0]));
-                       enum_type->type.type   = TYPE_ENUM;
-                       enum_type->declaration = parse_enum_specifier();
-
-                       type = (type_t*) enum_type;
+               case T_enum:
+                       type = parse_enum_specifier();
                        break;
-               }
                case T___typeof__:
                        type = parse_typeof();
                        break;
@@ -1127,8 +1679,6 @@ finish_specifiers:
                case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX;
                        break;
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
                case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_IMAGINARY;
                        break;
@@ -1172,7 +1722,7 @@ finish_specifiers:
                }
        }
 
-       type->qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
+       type->qualifiers = (type_qualifier_t)type_qualifiers;
 
        type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
        if(newtype && result != (type_t*) type) {
@@ -1182,9 +1732,9 @@ finish_specifiers:
        specifiers->type = result;
 }
 
-static type_qualifier_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
+static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
 {
-       type_qualifier_t type_qualifiers = 0;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1192,7 +1742,6 @@ static type_qualifier_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const,    TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
-               MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_inline,   TYPE_QUALIFIER_INLINE);
 
                default:
                        return type_qualifiers;
@@ -1204,8 +1753,8 @@ static void parse_identifier_list(void)
 {
        while(true) {
                if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing parameter identifier "
-                                            "list", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing parameter identifier list",
+                                            T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                        return;
                }
                next_token();
@@ -1222,14 +1771,23 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameter(void)
 
        parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
 
-       declaration_t *declaration = parse_declarator(specifiers.storage_class,
-                                                     specifiers.type, 1);
+       declaration_t *declaration
+               = parse_declarator(&specifiers, specifiers.type, true);
 
        /* TODO check declaration constraints for parameters */
        if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
                parse_error("typedef not allowed in parameter list");
        }
 
+       /* Array as last part of a paramter type is just syntactic sugar.  Turn it
+        * into a pointer */
+       if (declaration->type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               const array_type_t *const arr_type =
+                       (const array_type_t*)declaration->type;
+               type_t *element_type = arr_type->element_type;
+               declaration->type = make_pointer_type(element_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       }
+
        return declaration;
 }
 
@@ -1238,7 +1796,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(function_type_t *type)
        if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
                symbol_t      *symbol = token.v.symbol;
                if(!is_typedef_symbol(symbol)) {
-                       /* TODO */
+                       /* TODO: K&R style C parameters */
                        parse_identifier_list();
                        return NULL;
                }
@@ -1295,6 +1853,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(function_type_t *type)
 }
 
 typedef enum {
+       CONSTRUCT_INVALID,
        CONSTRUCT_POINTER,
        CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION,
        CONSTRUCT_ARRAY
@@ -1309,7 +1868,7 @@ struct construct_type_t {
 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t parsed_pointer_t;
 struct parsed_pointer_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
 };
 
 typedef struct construct_function_type_t construct_function_type_t;
@@ -1321,7 +1880,7 @@ struct construct_function_type_t {
 typedef struct parsed_array_t parsed_array_t;
 struct parsed_array_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
        bool              is_static;
        bool              is_variable;
        expression_t     *size;
@@ -1339,7 +1898,8 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_pointer_declarator(void)
 
        parsed_pointer_t *pointer = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, sizeof(pointer[0]));
        memset(pointer, 0, sizeof(pointer[0]));
-       pointer->type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
+       pointer->construct_type.type = CONSTRUCT_POINTER;
+       pointer->type_qualifiers     = parse_type_qualifiers();
 
        return (construct_type_t*) pointer;
 }
@@ -1350,13 +1910,14 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
 
        parsed_array_t *array = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, sizeof(array[0]));
        memset(array, 0, sizeof(array[0]));
+       array->construct_type.type = CONSTRUCT_ARRAY;
 
        if(token.type == T_static) {
                array->is_static = true;
                next_token();
        }
 
-       type_qualifier_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
        if(type_qualifiers != 0) {
                if(token.type == T_static) {
                        array->is_static = true;
@@ -1401,19 +1962,24 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(declaration_t *declaration)
 }
 
 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
-               int may_be_abstract)
+               bool may_be_abstract)
 {
-       construct_type_t *result = NULL;
-       construct_type_t *last   = NULL;
+       /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
+        * how to construct the final declarator type */
+       construct_type_t *first = NULL;
+       construct_type_t *last  = NULL;
 
+       /* pointers */
        while(token.type == '*') {
                construct_type_t *type = parse_pointer_declarator();
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = type;
+
+               if(last == NULL) {
+                       first = type;
+                       last  = type;
                } else {
-                       result = type;
+                       last->next = type;
+                       last       = type;
                }
-               last = type;
        }
 
        /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
@@ -1439,10 +2005,19 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
        default:
                if(may_be_abstract)
                        break;
-               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER,
-                                    '(', 0);
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', 0);
+               /* avoid a loop in the outermost scope, because eat_statement doesn't
+                * eat '}' */
+               if(token.type == '}' && current_function == NULL) {
+                       next_token();
+               } else {
+                       eat_statement();
+               }
+               return NULL;
        }
 
+       construct_type_t *p = last;
+
        while(true) {
                construct_type_t *type;
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1456,27 +2031,32 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
                        goto declarator_finished;
                }
 
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = type;
+               /* insert in the middle of the list (behind p) */
+               if(p != NULL) {
+                       type->next = p->next;
+                       p->next    = type;
                } else {
-                       result = type;
+                       type->next = first;
+                       first      = type;
+               }
+               if(last == p) {
+                       last = type;
                }
-               last = type;
        }
 
 declarator_finished:
        parse_attributes();
 
-       if(inner_types != NULL) {
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = inner_types;
-               } else {
-                       result = inner_types;
-               }
-               last = inner_types;
+       /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set last anymore
+        * as it's not needed anymore */
+       if(last == NULL) {
+               assert(first == NULL);
+               first = inner_types;
+       } else {
+               last->next = inner_types;
        }
 
-       return result;
+       return first;
 }
 
 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
@@ -1492,6 +2072,8 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
                array_type_t              *array_type;
 
                switch(iter->type) {
+               case CONSTRUCT_INVALID:
+                       panic("invalid type construction found");
                case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION:
                        construct_function_type = (construct_function_type_t*) iter;
                        function_type           = construct_function_type->function_type;
@@ -1526,7 +2108,11 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
 
                type_t *hashed_type = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
                if(hashed_type != type) {
-                       free_type(type);
+                       /* the function type was constructed earlier freeing it here will
+                        * destroy other types... */
+                       if(iter->type != CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION) {
+                               free_type(type);
+                       }
                        type = hashed_type;
                }
        }
@@ -1534,11 +2120,13 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
        return type;
 }
 
-static declaration_t *parse_declarator(storage_class_t storage_class,
-               type_t *type, int may_be_abstract)
+static declaration_t *parse_declarator(
+               const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
+               type_t *type, bool may_be_abstract)
 {
        declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
-       declaration->storage_class = storage_class;
+       declaration->storage_class = specifiers->storage_class;
+       declaration->is_inline     = specifiers->is_inline;
 
        construct_type_t *construct_type
                = parse_inner_declarator(declaration, may_be_abstract);
@@ -1593,18 +2181,25 @@ static void parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration_t *previous,
        fprintf(stderr, "multiple definition of symbol '%s'\n",
                declaration->symbol->string);
        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous->source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "this is the location of the previous "
-               "definition.\n");
-       error();
+       fprintf(stderr, "this is the location of the previous definition.\n");
 }
 
 static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
 {
        while(true) {
                declaration_t *ndeclaration
-                       = parse_declarator(specifiers->storage_class, specifiers->type, 0);
+                       = parse_declarator(specifiers, specifiers->type, false);
 
                declaration_t *declaration = record_declaration(ndeclaration);
+
+               type_t *orig_type = declaration->type;
+               type_t *type      = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+               if(type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION && declaration->is_inline) {
+                       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "variable '%s' declared 'inline'\n",
+                               declaration->symbol->string);
+               }
+
                if(token.type == '=') {
                        next_token();
 
@@ -1614,13 +2209,38 @@ static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                                parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration, ndeclaration);
                        }
 
-                       ndeclaration->init.initializer = parse_initializer();
+                       initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(type);
+
+                       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY && initializer != NULL) {
+                               array_type_t       *array_type = (array_type_t*) type;
+
+                               if(array_type->size == NULL) {
+                                       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+
+                                       cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
+                                       cnst->expression.datatype = type_size_t;
+
+                                       if(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_LIST) {
+                                               initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
+                                               cnst->v.int_value = list->len;
+                                       } else {
+                                               assert(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_STRING);
+                                               initializer_string_t *string = &initializer->string;
+                                               cnst->v.int_value = strlen(string->string) + 1;
+                                       }
+
+                                       array_type->size = (expression_t*) cnst;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+
+                       ndeclaration->init.initializer = initializer;
                } else if(token.type == '{') {
-                       if(declaration->type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+                       if(type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
                                parser_print_error_prefix();
-                               fprintf(stderr, "Declarator ");
-                               print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->symbol, NULL);
-                               fprintf(stderr, " has a body but is not a function type.\n");
+                               fprintf(stderr, "declarator '");
+                               print_type_ext(orig_type, declaration->symbol, NULL);
+                               fprintf(stderr, "' has a body but is not a function type.\n");
                                eat_block();
                                continue;
                        }
@@ -1643,8 +2263,16 @@ static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                                environment_push(parameter);
                        }
 
+                       int            label_stack_top      = label_top();
+                       declaration_t *old_current_function = current_function;
+                       current_function                    = declaration;
+
                        statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement();
 
+                       assert(current_function == declaration);
+                       current_function = old_current_function;
+                       label_pop_to(label_stack_top);
+
                        assert(context == &declaration->context);
                        set_context(last_context);
                        environment_pop_to(top);
@@ -1669,8 +2297,7 @@ static void parse_struct_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                        /* TODO (bitfields) */
                } else {
                        declaration_t *declaration
-                               = parse_declarator(specifiers->storage_class,
-                                                  specifiers->type, 1);
+                               = parse_declarator(specifiers, specifiers->type, true);
 
                        /* TODO: check constraints for struct declarations */
                        /* TODO: check for doubled fields */
@@ -1716,6 +2343,29 @@ static void parse_declaration(void)
        parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
 
        if(token.type == ';') {
+               if (specifiers.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
+                       parse_warning_pos(source_position,
+                                         "useless keyword in empty declaration");
+               }
+               switch (specifiers.type->type) {
+                       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+                       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
+                               const compound_type_t *const comp_type =
+                                       (const compound_type_t*)specifiers.type;
+                               if (comp_type->declaration->symbol == NULL) {
+                                       parse_warning_pos(source_position,
+                                                                                                               "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       case TYPE_ENUM: break;
+
+                       default:
+                               parse_warning_pos(source_position, "empty declaration");
+                               break;
+               }
+
                next_token();
 
                declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
@@ -1763,6 +2413,14 @@ struct expression_parser_function_t {
 
 expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
 
+static expression_t *make_invalid_expression(void)
+{
+       expression_t *expression    = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+       expression->type            = EXPR_INVALID;
+       expression->source_position = token.source_position;
+       return expression;
+}
+
 static expression_t *expected_expression_error(void)
 {
        parser_print_error_prefix();
@@ -1770,11 +2428,9 @@ static expression_t *expected_expression_error(void)
        print_token(stderr, & token);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 
-       expression_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->type = EXPR_INVALID;
        next_token();
 
-       return expression;
+       return make_invalid_expression();
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_string_const(void)
@@ -1793,7 +2449,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_int_const(void)
        const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_int;
+       cnst->expression.datatype = token.datatype;
        cnst->v.int_value         = token.v.intvalue;
 
        next_token();
@@ -1806,7 +2462,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_float_const(void)
        const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_double;
+       cnst->expression.datatype = token.datatype;
        cnst->v.float_value       = token.v.floatvalue;
 
        next_token();
@@ -1817,7 +2473,8 @@ static expression_t *parse_float_const(void)
 static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
                const source_position_t source_position)
 {
-       function_type_t *function_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(function_type));
+       function_type_t *function_type
+               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(function_type[0]));
 
        function_type->type.type              = TYPE_FUNCTION;
        function_type->result_type            = type_int;
@@ -1852,6 +2509,110 @@ static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
        return declaration;
 }
 
+static type_t *make_function_1_type(type_t *result_type, type_t *argument_type)
+{
+       function_parameter_t *parameter = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(parameter[0]));
+       parameter->type = argument_type;
+
+       function_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
+       type->type.type   = TYPE_FUNCTION;
+       type->result_type = result_type;
+       type->parameters  = parameter;
+
+       type_t *result = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
+       if(result != (type_t*) type) {
+               free_type(type);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static type_t *get_builtin_symbol_type(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       switch(symbol->ID) {
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_void_ptr, type_size_t);
+       default:
+               panic("not implemented builtin symbol found");
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * performs automatic type cast as described in Â§ 6.3.2.1
+ */
+static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(type == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               unsigned      qualifiers   = array_type->type.qualifiers;
+
+               return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
+       }
+
+       if(type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+               return make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       }
+
+       return type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
+ * to function-pointer types as defined Â§ 6.3.2.1
+ */
+type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if(expression->datatype == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       switch(expression->type) {
+       case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref
+                       = (const reference_expression_t*) expression;
+               return ref->declaration->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_SELECT: {
+               const select_expression_t *select
+                       = (const select_expression_t*) expression;
+               return select->compound_entry->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_UNARY: {
+               const unary_expression_t *unary
+                       = (const unary_expression_t*) expression;
+               if(unary->type == UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE) {
+                       expression_t   *value        = unary->value;
+                       type_t         *type         = skip_typeref(value->datatype);
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+
+                       return pointer_type->points_to;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL: {
+               const builtin_symbol_expression_t *builtin
+                       = (const builtin_symbol_expression_t*) expression;
+               return get_builtin_symbol_type(builtin->symbol);
+       }
+       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
+               const array_access_expression_t *array_access
+                       = (const array_access_expression_t*) expression;
+               type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(array_access->array_ref->datatype);
+               assert(is_type_pointer(type_left));
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
+               return pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+
+       return expression->datatype;
+}
+
 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
 {
        reference_expression_t *ref = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(ref[0]));
@@ -1866,7 +2627,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
 
        if(declaration == NULL) {
 #ifndef STRICT_C99
-               /* an implicitely defined function */
+               /* an implicitly defined function */
                if(token.type == '(') {
                        parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
                        fprintf(stderr, "warning: implicit declaration of function '%s'\n",
@@ -1883,8 +2644,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
                }
        }
 
+       type_t *type = declaration->type;
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
        ref->declaration         = declaration;
-       ref->expression.datatype = declaration->type;
+       ref->expression.datatype = type;
 
        return (expression_t*) ref;
 }
@@ -1893,7 +2659,7 @@ static void check_cast_allowed(expression_t *expression, type_t *dest_type)
 {
        (void) expression;
        (void) dest_type;
-       /* TODO check if cast is allowed and issue warnings/errors */
+       /* TODO check if explicit cast is allowed and issue warnings/errors */
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
@@ -1922,13 +2688,23 @@ static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
        statement_expression_t *expression
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
        expression->expression.type = EXPR_STATEMENT;
-       expression->statement       = parse_compound_statement();
+
+       statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement();
+       expression->statement  = statement;
+       if(statement == NULL) {
+               expect(')');
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       assert(statement->type == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
+       compound_statement_t *compound_statement
+               = (compound_statement_t*) statement;
 
        /* find last statement and use it's type */
        const statement_t *last_statement = NULL;
-       const statement_t *statement      = expression->statement;
-       for( ; statement != NULL; statement = statement->next) {
-               last_statement = statement;
+       const statement_t *iter           = compound_statement->statements;
+       for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+               last_statement = iter;
        }
 
        if(last_statement->type == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
@@ -1971,9 +2747,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_brace_expression(void)
 
 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(void)
 {
-       eat(T___FUNCTION__);
+       next_token();
        /* TODO */
 
+       if (current_function == NULL) {
+               parse_error("'__func__' used outside of a function");
+       }
+
        string_literal_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
        expression->expression.type     = EXPR_FUNCTION;
        expression->expression.datatype = type_string;
@@ -2000,7 +2780,7 @@ static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
        designator_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
 
        if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing member designator",
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing member designator",
                                     T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                eat_brace();
                return NULL;
@@ -2013,8 +2793,8 @@ static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
                if(token.type == '.') {
                        next_token();
                        if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing member designator",
-                                       T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                               parse_error_expected("while parsing member designator",
+                                                    T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                                eat_brace();
                                return NULL;
                        }
@@ -2086,12 +2866,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_builtin_symbol(void)
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
        expression->expression.type = EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL;
 
-       /* TODO: set datatype */
-
        expression->symbol = token.v.symbol;
-
        next_token();
 
+       type_t *type = get_builtin_symbol_type(expression->symbol);
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = type;
        return (expression_t*) expression;
 }
 
@@ -2107,6 +2888,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
        case T_IDENTIFIER:
                return parse_reference();
        case T___FUNCTION__:
+       case T___func__:
                return parse_function_keyword();
        case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__:
                return parse_pretty_function_keyword();
@@ -2114,6 +2896,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
                return parse_offsetof();
        case T___builtin_va_arg:
                return parse_va_arg();
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
        case T___builtin_expect:
        case T___builtin_va_start:
        case T___builtin_va_end:
@@ -2129,38 +2912,50 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        eat_statement();
 
-       expression_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->type     = EXPR_INVALID;
-       expression->datatype = type_void;
-
-       return expression;
+       return make_invalid_expression();
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                            expression_t *array_ref)
+                                            expression_t *left)
 {
        (void) precedence;
 
        eat('[');
 
+       expression_t *inside = parse_expression();
+
        array_access_expression_t *array_access
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(array_access[0]));
 
-       array_access->expression.type     = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
-       array_access->array_ref           = array_ref;
-       array_access->index               = parse_expression();
-
-       type_t *array_type = array_ref->datatype;
-       if(array_type != NULL) {
-               if(array_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer           = (pointer_type_t*) array_type;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = pointer->points_to;
+       array_access->expression.type = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
+
+       type_t *type_left   = skip_typeref(left->datatype);
+       type_t *type_inside = skip_typeref(inside->datatype);
+       type_t *result_type;
+
+       if(type_left != NULL && type_inside != NULL) {
+               if(is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
+                       result_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = left;
+                       array_access->index     = inside;
+               } else if(is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = (pointer_type_t*) type_inside;
+                       result_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = inside;
+                       array_access->index     = left;
+                       array_access->flipped   = true;
                } else {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer type ");
-                       print_type(array_type);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer types ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_inside);
                        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                }
+       } else {
+               array_access->array_ref = left;
+               array_access->index     = inside;
        }
 
        if(token.type != ']') {
@@ -2169,6 +2964,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
        }
        next_token();
 
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       array_access->expression.datatype = result_type;
+
        return (expression_t*) array_access;
 }
 
@@ -2205,7 +3003,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_sizeof(unsigned precedence)
                sizeof_expression->type = parse_typename();
                expect(')');
        } else {
-               expression_t *expression           = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+               expression_t *expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+               expression->datatype     = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
+
                sizeof_expression->type            = expression->datatype;
                sizeof_expression->size_expression = expression;
        }
@@ -2217,8 +3017,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
                                              expression_t *compound)
 {
        (void) precedence;
-
        assert(token.type == '.' || token.type == T_MINUSGREATER);
+
+       bool is_pointer = (token.type == T_MINUSGREATER);
        next_token();
 
        select_expression_t *select = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(select[0]));
@@ -2226,15 +3027,75 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
        select->expression.type = EXPR_SELECT;
        select->compound        = compound;
 
-       /* TODO: datatype */
-
        if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               parse_error_expected("Problem while parsing select", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing select", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                return (expression_t*) select;
        }
-       select->symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       select->symbol   = symbol;
        next_token();
 
+       type_t *orig_type = compound->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return make_invalid_expression();
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+       type_t *type_left = type;
+       if(is_pointer) {
+               if(type->type != TYPE_POINTER) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but ");
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+                       fputc('\n', stderr);
+                       return make_invalid_expression();
+               }
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+               type_left                    = pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+       type_left = skip_typeref(type_left);
+
+       if(type_left->type != TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
+                       && type_left->type != TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "request for member '%s' in something not a struct or "
+                       "union, but ", symbol->string);
+               print_type_quoted(type_left);
+               fputc('\n', stderr);
+               return make_invalid_expression();
+       }
+
+       compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type_left;
+       declaration_t   *declaration   = compound_type->declaration;
+
+       if(!declaration->init.is_defined) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "request for member '%s' of incomplete type ",
+                       symbol->string);
+               print_type_quoted(type_left);
+               fputc('\n', stderr);
+               return make_invalid_expression();
+       }
+
+       declaration_t *iter = declaration->context.declarations;
+       for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+               if(iter->symbol == symbol) {
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if(iter == NULL) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               print_type_quoted(type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has no member named '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+               return make_invalid_expression();
+       }
+
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type_t *expression_type = automatic_type_conversion(iter->type);
+
+       select->compound_entry      = iter;
+       select->expression.datatype = expression_type;
        return (expression_t*) select;
 }
 
@@ -2243,9 +3104,37 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
 {
        (void) precedence;
        call_expression_t *call = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(call[0]));
+       call->expression.type   = EXPR_CALL;
+       call->function          = expression;
 
-       call->expression.type     = EXPR_CALL;
-       call->function            = expression;
+       function_type_t *function_type;
+       type_t          *orig_type     = expression->datatype;
+       if(orig_type != NULL) {
+               function_type = NULL;
+               type_t *type  = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+               if(is_type_pointer(type)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+
+                       type = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
+
+                       if (type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+                               function_type             = (function_type_t*) type;
+                               call->expression.datatype = function_type->result_type;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(function_type == NULL) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fputs("called object '", stderr);
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fputs("' (type ", stderr);
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+                       fputs(") is not a pointer to a function\n", stderr);
+
+                       function_type             = NULL;
+                       call->expression.datatype = NULL;
+               }
+       }
 
        /* parse arguments */
        eat('(');
@@ -2271,58 +3160,54 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
        }
        expect(')');
 
-       type_t *type = expression->datatype;
-       if(type != NULL) {
-               /* we can call pointer to function */
-               if(type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer = (pointer_type_t*) type;
-                       type = pointer->points_to;
+       if(function_type != NULL) {
+               function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
+               call_argument_t      *argument  = call->arguments;
+               for( ; parameter != NULL && argument != NULL;
+                               parameter = parameter->next, argument = argument->next) {
+                       type_t *expected_type = parameter->type;
+                       /* TODO report context in error messages */
+                       argument->expression = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression,
+                                                                   expected_type);
                }
-
-               if(type == NULL || type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+               /* too few parameters */
+               if(parameter != NULL) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fprintf(stderr, "expected a function type for call but found "
-                               "type ");
-                       print_type(expression->datatype);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-               } else {
-                       function_type_t *function_type = (function_type_t*) type;
-                       call->expression.datatype      = function_type->result_type;
+                       fprintf(stderr, "too few arguments to function '");
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "'\n");
+               } else if(argument != NULL) {
+                       /* too many parameters */
+                       if(!function_type->variadic
+                                       && !function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+                               parser_print_error_prefix();
+                               fprintf(stderr, "too many arguments to function '");
+                               print_expression(expression);
+                               fprintf(stderr, "'\n");
+                       } else {
+                               /* do default promotion */
+                               for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+                                       type_t *type = argument->expression->datatype;
+
+                                       if(type == NULL)
+                                               continue;
+
+                                       if(is_type_integer(type)) {
+                                               type = promote_integer(type);
+                                       } else if(type == type_float) {
+                                               type = type_double;
+                                       }
+                                       argument->expression
+                                               = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, type);
+                               }
+                       }
                }
-       }
-
-       return (expression_t*) call;
-}
-
-static void type_error(const char *msg, const source_position_t source_position,
-                       type_t *type)
-{
-       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "%s, but found type ", msg);
-       print_type(type);
-       fputc('\n', stderr);
-       error();
-}
+       }
 
-static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
-               const source_position_t source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
-{
-       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "%s, incompatible types: ", msg);
-       print_type(type1);
-       fprintf(stderr, " - ");
-       print_type(type2);
-       fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
-       error();
+       return (expression_t*) call;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_type_after_conversion(const type_t *type1,
-                                         const type_t *type2)
-{
-       /* TODO... */
-       (void) type2;
-       return (type_t*) type1;
-}
+static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
 
 static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
                                                   expression_t *expression)
@@ -2332,49 +3217,59 @@ static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
        conditional_expression_t *conditional
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(conditional[0]));
        conditional->expression.type = EXPR_CONDITIONAL;
-       conditional->condition = expression;
+       conditional->condition       = expression;
 
        /* 6.5.15.2 */
-       type_t *condition_type = conditional->condition->datatype;
-       if(condition_type != NULL) {
-               if(!is_type_scalar(condition_type)) {
+       type_t *condition_type_orig = conditional->condition->datatype;
+       if(condition_type_orig != NULL) {
+               type_t *condition_type      = skip_typeref(condition_type_orig);
+               if(condition_type != NULL && !is_type_scalar(condition_type)) {
                        type_error("expected a scalar type", expression->source_position,
-                                  condition_type);
+                                          condition_type_orig);
                }
        }
 
-       conditional->true_expression = parse_expression();
+       expression_t *const t_expr = parse_expression();
+       conditional->true_expression = t_expr;
        expect(':');
-       conditional->false_expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       expression_t *const f_expr = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       conditional->false_expression = f_expr;
 
-       type_t *true_type  = conditional->true_expression->datatype;
+       type_t *const true_type  = t_expr->datatype;
        if(true_type == NULL)
                return (expression_t*) conditional;
-       type_t *false_type = conditional->false_expression->datatype;
+       type_t *const false_type = f_expr->datatype;
        if(false_type == NULL)
                return (expression_t*) conditional;
 
+       type_t *const skipped_true_type  = skip_typeref(true_type);
+       type_t *const skipped_false_type = skip_typeref(false_type);
+
        /* 6.5.15.3 */
-       if(true_type == false_type) {
-               conditional->expression.datatype = true_type;
-       } else if(is_type_arithmetic(true_type) && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
-               type_t *result = get_type_after_conversion(true_type, false_type);
-               /* TODO: create implicit convs if necessary */
+       if (skipped_true_type == skipped_false_type) {
+               conditional->expression.datatype = skipped_true_type;
+       } else if (is_type_arithmetic(skipped_true_type) &&
+                  is_type_arithmetic(skipped_false_type)) {
+               type_t *const result = semantic_arithmetic(skipped_true_type,
+                                                          skipped_false_type);
+               conditional->true_expression  = create_implicit_cast(t_expr, result);
+               conditional->false_expression = create_implicit_cast(f_expr, result);
                conditional->expression.datatype = result;
-       } else if(true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
-                 false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
+       } else if (skipped_true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
+                  skipped_false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
                          true /* TODO compatible points_to types */) {
                /* TODO */
-       } else if(/* (is_null_ptr_const(true_type) && false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER)
-              || (is_null_ptr_const(false_type) &&
-                  true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) TODO*/ false) {
+       } else if(/* (is_null_ptr_const(skipped_true_type) &&
+                     skipped_false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER)
+              || (is_null_ptr_const(skipped_false_type) &&
+                  skipped_true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) TODO*/ false) {
                /* TODO */
        } else if(/* 1 is pointer to object type, other is void* */ false) {
                /* TODO */
        } else {
-               type_error_incompatible("problem while parsing conditional",
+               type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional",
                                        expression->source_position, true_type,
-                                       false_type);
+                                       skipped_false_type);
        }
 
        return (expression_t*) conditional;
@@ -2389,26 +3284,130 @@ static expression_t *parse_extension(unsigned precedence)
        return parse_sub_expression(precedence);
 }
 
-static type_t *get_unexpr_arithmetic_type(const expression_t *expression)
+static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(const unsigned precedence)
 {
-       /* TODO */
-       return expression->datatype;
+       eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
+
+       classify_type_expression_t *const classify_type_expr =
+               allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(classify_type_expr[0]));
+       classify_type_expr->expression.type     = EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE;
+       classify_type_expr->expression.datatype = type_int;
+
+       expect('(');
+       expression_t *const expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       expect(')');
+       classify_type_expr->type_expression = expression;
+
+       return (expression_t*)classify_type_expr;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_unexpr_dereference_type(const expression_t *expression)
+static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       (void) expression;
-       /* TODO... */
-       return NULL;
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type) && type->type != TYPE_POINTER) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs an arithmetic or pointer type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs an arithmetic type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_unexpr_scalar(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (!is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               parse_error("operand of ! must be of scalar type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
+               parse_error("operand of ~ must be of integer type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_pointer(type)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fputs("'Unary *' needs pointer or arrray type, but type ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+               fputs(" given.\n", stderr);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*)type;
+       type_t         *result_type  = pointer_type->points_to;
+
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = result_type;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_unexpr_take_addr_type(const expression_t *expression)
+static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *type = expression->datatype;
-       return make_pointer_type(type, 0);
+       expression_t *value = expression->value;
+       value->datatype     = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
+
+       type_t *orig_type = value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       if(value->type == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               reference_expression_t *reference   = (reference_expression_t*) value;
+               declaration_t          *declaration = reference->declaration;
+               if(declaration != NULL) {
+                       declaration->address_taken = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
 }
 
-#define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, tfunc)   \
+#define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, sfunc)   \
 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence)            \
 {                                                                              \
        eat(token_type);                                                           \
@@ -2418,27 +3417,26 @@ static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence)            \
        unary_expression->expression.type     = EXPR_UNARY;                        \
        unary_expression->type                = unexpression_type;                 \
        unary_expression->value               = parse_sub_expression(precedence);  \
-       unary_expression->expression.datatype = tfunc(unary_expression->value);    \
+                                                                                  \
+       sfunc(unary_expression);                                                   \
                                                                                \
        return (expression_t*) unary_expression;                                   \
 }
 
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', UNEXPR_NEGATE, get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', UNEXPR_PLUS,   get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', UNEXPR_NOT,    get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE,
-                               get_unexpr_dereference_type)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', UNEXPR_TAKE_ADDRESS,
-                               get_unexpr_take_addr_type)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', UNEXPR_NEGATE, semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', UNEXPR_PLUS,   semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', UNEXPR_NOT,    semantic_unexpr_scalar)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE, semantic_dereference)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', UNEXPR_TAKE_ADDRESS, semantic_take_addr)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', UNEXPR_BITWISE_NEGATE,
-                               get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                               semantic_unexpr_integer)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,   UNEXPR_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
-                               get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                               semantic_incdec)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, UNEXPR_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
-                               get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                               semantic_incdec)
 
 #define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, \
-                                               tfunc)                         \
+                                               sfunc)                         \
 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence,           \
                                                expression_t *left)            \
 {                                                                             \
@@ -2450,113 +3448,431 @@ static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence,           \
        unary_expression->expression.type     = EXPR_UNARY;                       \
        unary_expression->type                = unexpression_type;                \
        unary_expression->value               = left;                             \
-       unary_expression->expression.datatype = tfunc(left);                      \
+                                                                                 \
+       sfunc(unary_expression);                                                  \
                                                                               \
        return (expression_t*) unary_expression;                                  \
 }
 
 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,   UNEXPR_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
-                                       get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                                       semantic_incdec)
 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, UNEXPR_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
-                                       get_unexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                                       semantic_incdec)
+
+static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
+{
+       /* TODO: handle complex + imaginary types */
+
+       /* Â§ 6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions */
+       if(type_left == type_long_double || type_right == type_long_double) {
+               return type_long_double;
+       } else if(type_left == type_double || type_right == type_double) {
+               return type_double;
+       } else if(type_left == type_float || type_right == type_float) {
+               return type_float;
+       }
+
+       type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
+       type_left  = promote_integer(type_left);
+
+       if(type_left == type_right)
+               return type_left;
+
+       bool signed_left  = is_type_signed(type_left);
+       bool signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
+       if(get_rank(type_left) < get_rank(type_right)) {
+               if(signed_left == signed_right || !signed_right) {
+                       return type_right;
+               } else {
+                       return type_left;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if(signed_left == signed_right || !signed_left) {
+                       return type_left;
+               } else {
+                       return type_right;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left       = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right      = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs arithmetic types\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+       expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+       expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left       = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right      = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if(!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs integer types\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       type_left  = promote_integer(type_left);
+       type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
+
+       expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, type_left);
+       expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_right);
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+}
+
+static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       /* Â§ 5.6.5 */
+       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+               return;
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_right;
+       } else {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "invalid operands to binary + (");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+       }
+}
+
+static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t       *type_left       = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t       *type_right      = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       /* Â§ 5.6.5 */
+       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+               return;
+       } else if(type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else if(type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
+                       type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
+               if(!pointers_compatible(type_left, type_right)) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "pointers to incompatible objects to binary - (");
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+               } else {
+                       expression->expression.datatype = type_ptrdiff_t;
+               }
+       } else {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "invalid operands to binary - (");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+       }
+}
+
+static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       /* TODO non-arithmetic types */
+       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+       } else if (type_left->type  == TYPE_POINTER &&
+                  type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
+               /* TODO check compatibility */
+       } else if (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_left);
+       } else if (type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
+               expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
+       } else {
+               type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
+                                       token.source_position, type_left, type_right);
+       }
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
+}
+
+static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs arithmetic types\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
+        * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
+        * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
+        * for the arithmeitc operation and create a cast by itself */
+       type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+       expression->right       = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+}
 
-static type_t *get_binexpr_int_type(const expression_t *left,
-                                    const expression_t *right)
+static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       (void) left;
-       (void) right;
-       return type_int;
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
+                * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
+                * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
+                * for the arithmeitc operation and create a cast by itself */
+               type_t *const arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else if (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fputs("Incompatible types ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fputs(" and ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+               fputs(" in assignment\n", stderr);
+               return;
+       }
 }
 
-static type_t *get_binexpr_arithmetic_type(const expression_t *left,
-                                            const expression_t *right)
+static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       (void) right;
-       return left->datatype;
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if (!is_type_scalar(type_left) || !is_type_scalar(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs scalar types\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type(const expression_t *left,
-                                                  const expression_t *right)
+static bool has_const_fields(type_t *type)
 {
-       (void) right;
+       (void) type;
        /* TODO */
-       return left->datatype;
-}
-
-static type_t *get_binexpr_right_type(const expression_t *left,
-                                       const expression_t *right)
-{
-       (void) left;
-       return right->datatype;
-}
-
-#define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_type, binexpression_type, tfunc)    \
-static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(unsigned precedence,    \
-                                                expression_t *left)     \
-{                                                                       \
-       eat(token_type);                                                    \
-                                                                        \
-       expression_t *right = parse_sub_expression(precedence);             \
-                                                                        \
-       binary_expression_t *binexpr                                        \
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(binexpr[0]));                        \
-       binexpr->expression.type     = EXPR_BINARY;                         \
-       binexpr->type                = binexpression_type;                  \
-       binexpr->left                = left;                                \
-       binexpr->right               = right;                               \
-       binexpr->expression.datatype = tfunc(left, right);                  \
-                                                                        \
-       return (expression_t*) binexpr;                                     \
-}
-
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', BINEXPR_COMMA,   get_binexpr_right_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', BINEXPR_MUL,     get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', BINEXPR_DIV,     get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', BINEXPR_MOD,     get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', BINEXPR_ADD,     get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', BINEXPR_SUB,     get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', BINEXPR_LESS,    get_binexpr_int_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', BINEXPR_GREATER, get_binexpr_int_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', BINEXPR_ASSIGN,  get_binexpr_right_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, BINEXPR_EQUAL,
-                      get_binexpr_int_type)
+       return false;
+}
+
+static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left           = expression->left;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left = left->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
+       type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+
+       /* must be a modifiable lvalue */
+       if (type_left->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "Cannot assign to arrays ('");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "')\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(type_left->qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "assignment to readonly location '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' (type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "left-hand side of assignment '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' has incomplete type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "can't assign to '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' because compound type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has readonly fields\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       semantic_assign(orig_type_left, &expression->right, "assignment");
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type_left;
+}
+
+static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression->expression.datatype = expression->right->datatype;
+}
+
+#define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_type, binexpression_type, sfunc, lr) \
+static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(unsigned precedence,     \
+                                                expression_t *left)      \
+{                                                                        \
+       eat(token_type);                                                     \
+                                                                         \
+       expression_t *right = parse_sub_expression(precedence + lr);         \
+                                                                         \
+       binary_expression_t *binexpr                                         \
+               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(binexpr[0]));                         \
+       binexpr->expression.type     = EXPR_BINARY;                          \
+       binexpr->type                = binexpression_type;                   \
+       binexpr->left                = left;                                 \
+       binexpr->right               = right;                                \
+       sfunc(binexpr);                                                      \
+                                                                         \
+       return (expression_t*) binexpr;                                      \
+}
+
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', BINEXPR_COMMA,          semantic_comma, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', BINEXPR_MUL,            semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', BINEXPR_DIV,            semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', BINEXPR_MOD,            semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', BINEXPR_ADD,            semantic_add, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', BINEXPR_SUB,            semantic_sub, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', BINEXPR_LESS,           semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', BINEXPR_GREATER,        semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', BINEXPR_ASSIGN,         semantic_binexpr_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, BINEXPR_EQUAL, semantic_comparison, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, BINEXPR_NOTEQUAL,
-                      get_binexpr_int_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, BINEXPR_LESSEQUAL,
-                      get_binexpr_int_type)
+                      semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, BINEXPR_LESSEQUAL, semantic_comparison, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL, BINEXPR_GREATEREQUAL,
-                      get_binexpr_int_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND, get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR,  get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR, get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_AND,
-                      get_binexpr_int_type)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_OR,
-                      get_binexpr_int_type)
+                      semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND,    semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR,     semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR,    semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_AND,  semantic_logical_op, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_OR, semantic_logical_op, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                      semantic_shift_op, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_type)
+                      semantic_shift_op, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, BINEXPR_ADD_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, BINEXPR_SUB_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, BINEXPR_MUL_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, BINEXPR_DIV_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, BINEXPR_MOD_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN,
-                      get_binexpr_arithmetic_assign_type)
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 
 static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
 {
@@ -2591,7 +3907,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
                left = parser->infix_parser(parser->infix_precedence, left);
 
                assert(left != NULL);
-               assert(left->type != EXPR_INVALID);
+               assert(left->type != EXPR_UNKNOWN);
                left->source_position = source_position;
        }
 
@@ -2704,6 +4020,8 @@ static void init_expression_parsers(void)
        register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, 25);
        register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof,                  T_sizeof,     25);
        register_expression_parser(parse_extension,            T___extension__, 25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type,
+                                                    T___builtin_classify_type, 25);
 }
 
 
@@ -2717,7 +4035,7 @@ static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
        label->expression = parse_expression();
 
        expect(':');
-       label->statement.next = parse_statement();
+       label->label_statement = parse_statement();
 
        return (statement_t*) label;
 }
@@ -2731,18 +4049,68 @@ static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
        label->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        expect(':');
-       label->statement.next = parse_statement();
+       label->label_statement = parse_statement();
 
        return (statement_t*) label;
 }
 
+static declaration_t *get_label(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       declaration_t *candidate = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
+       assert(current_function != NULL);
+       /* if we found a label in the same function, then we already created the
+        * declaration */
+       if(candidate != NULL
+                       && candidate->parent_context == &current_function->context) {
+               return candidate;
+       }
+
+       /* otherwise we need to create a new one */
+       declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+       declaration->namespc     = NAMESPACE_LABEL;
+       declaration->symbol        = symbol;
+
+       label_push(declaration);
+
+       return declaration;
+}
+
 static statement_t *parse_label_statement(void)
 {
-       eat(T_IDENTIFIER);
+       assert(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER);
+       symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       next_token();
+
+       declaration_t *label = get_label(symbol);
+
+       /* if source position is already set then the label is defined twice,
+        * otherwise it was just mentioned in a goto so far */
+       if(label->source_position.input_name != NULL) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "duplicate label '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(label->source_position);
+               fprintf(stderr, "previous definition of '%s' was here\n",
+                       symbol->string);
+       } else {
+               label->source_position = token.source_position;
+       }
+
+       label_statement_t *label_statement = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(label[0]));
+
+       label_statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_LABEL;
+       label_statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+       label_statement->label                     = label;
+
        expect(':');
-       parse_statement();
 
-       return NULL;
+       if(token.type == '}') {
+               parse_error("label at end of compound statement");
+               return (statement_t*) label_statement;
+       } else {
+               label_statement->label_statement = parse_statement();
+       }
+
+       return (statement_t*) label_statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_if(void)
@@ -2861,10 +4229,27 @@ static statement_t *parse_for(void)
 static statement_t *parse_goto(void)
 {
        eat(T_goto);
-       expect(T_IDENTIFIER);
+
+       if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing goto", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+               eat_statement();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       next_token();
+
+       declaration_t *label = get_label(symbol);
+
+       goto_statement_t *statement = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
+
+       statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_GOTO;
+       statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+
+       statement->label = label;
+
        expect(';');
 
-       return NULL;
+       return (statement_t*) statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
@@ -2873,8 +4258,8 @@ static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
        expect(';');
 
        statement_t *statement     = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
        statement->type            = STATEMENT_CONTINUE;
+       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -2885,8 +4270,8 @@ static statement_t *parse_break(void)
        expect(';');
 
        statement_t *statement     = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
        statement->type            = STATEMENT_BREAK;
+       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -2899,9 +4284,32 @@ static statement_t *parse_return(void)
 
        statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_RETURN;
        statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+
+       assert(current_function->type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION);
+       function_type_t *function_type = (function_type_t*) current_function->type;
+       type_t          *return_type   = function_type->result_type;
+
+       expression_t *return_value;
        if(token.type != ';') {
-               statement->return_value = parse_expression();
+               return_value = parse_expression();
+
+               if(return_type == type_void && return_value->datatype != type_void) {
+                       parse_warning("'return' with a value, in function returning void");
+                       return_value = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       if(return_type != NULL) {
+                               semantic_assign(return_type, &return_value, "'return'");
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               return_value = NULL;
+               if(return_type != type_void) {
+                       parse_warning("'return' without value, in function returning "
+                                     "non-void");
+               }
        }
+       statement->return_value = return_value;
+
        expect(';');
 
        return (statement_t*) statement;
@@ -3047,13 +4455,13 @@ static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
 
 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void)
 {
-       eat('{');
-
        compound_statement_t *compound_statement
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(compound_statement[0]));
        compound_statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_COMPOUND;
        compound_statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
 
+       eat('{');
+
        int        top          = environment_top();
        context_t *last_context = context;
        set_context(&compound_statement->context);
@@ -3077,12 +4485,17 @@ static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void)
                last_statement = statement;
        }
 
+       if(token.type != '}') {
+               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
+                               compound_statement->statement.source_position);
+               fprintf(stderr, "end of file while looking for closing '}'\n");
+       }
+       next_token();
+
        assert(context == &compound_statement->context);
        set_context(last_context);
        environment_pop_to(top);
 
-       next_token();
-
        return (statement_t*) compound_statement;
 }
 
@@ -3113,8 +4526,11 @@ static translation_unit_t *parse_translation_unit(void)
 translation_unit_t *parse(void)
 {
        environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
+       label_stack       = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
+       found_error       = false;
 
        type_set_output(stderr);
+       ast_set_output(stderr);
 
        lookahead_bufpos = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOKAHEAD + 2; ++i) {
@@ -3123,6 +4539,10 @@ translation_unit_t *parse(void)
        translation_unit_t *unit = parse_translation_unit();
 
        DEL_ARR_F(environment_stack);
+       DEL_ARR_F(label_stack);
+
+       if(found_error)
+               return NULL;
 
        return unit;
 }
@@ -3132,12 +4552,17 @@ void init_parser(void)
        init_expression_parsers();
        obstack_init(&temp_obst);
 
-       type_int        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, 0);
-       type_double     = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, 0);
-       type_size_t     = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT, 0);
-       type_const_char = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
-       type_void       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, 0);
-       type_string     = make_pointer_type(type_const_char, 0);
+       type_int         = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_uint        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_long_double = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_double      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_float       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_size_t      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_ptrdiff_t   = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_char        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void_ptr    = make_pointer_type(type_void, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_string      = make_pointer_type(type_char, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
 }
 
 void exit_parser(void)