build unknown if return value is missing
[cparser] / parser.c
index 1d7b3cd..d35396f 100644 (file)
--- a/parser.c
+++ b/parser.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 typedef struct {
        declaration_t *old_declaration;
        symbol_t      *symbol;
-       unsigned short namespace;
+       unsigned short namespc;
 } stack_entry_t;
 
 static token_t         token;
@@ -42,9 +42,10 @@ static type_t         *type_uint        = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_long_double = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_double      = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_float       = NULL;
-static type_t         *type_const_char  = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_char        = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_string      = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_void        = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_void_ptr    = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_size_t      = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_ptrdiff_t   = NULL;
 
@@ -71,14 +72,10 @@ static type_t       *parse_typename(void);
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS  \
        case T__Complex:
-#else
-#define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS
-#endif
-
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
        case T__Imaginary:
 #else
+#define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS
 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS
 #endif
 
@@ -123,6 +120,26 @@ static inline void *allocate_type_zero(size_t size)
        return res;
 }
 
+static inline size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t size[] = {
+               [INITIALIZER_VALUE]  = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_LIST]   = sizeof(initializer_list_t)
+       };
+       assert(type < INITIALIZER_COUNT);
+       assert(size[type] != 0);
+       return size[type];
+}
+
+static inline initializer_t *allocate_initializer(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(type));
+       result->type          = type;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
 static inline void free_type(void *type)
 {
        obstack_free(type_obst, type);
@@ -341,6 +358,14 @@ static void eat_brace(void)
     }                                              \
     next_token();
 
+#define expect_block(expected)                     \
+    if(UNLIKELY(token.type != (expected))) {       \
+        parse_error_expected(NULL, (expected), 0); \
+        eat_block();                               \
+        return NULL;                               \
+    }                                              \
+    next_token();
+
 #define expect_void(expected)                      \
     if(UNLIKELY(token.type != (expected))) {       \
         parse_error_expected(NULL, (expected), 0); \
@@ -372,20 +397,20 @@ static bool is_compatible_declaration (declaration_t *declaration,
        return declaration->type == previous->type;
 }
 
-static declaration_t *get_declaration(symbol_t *symbol, namespace_t namespace)
+static declaration_t *get_declaration(symbol_t *symbol, namespace_t namespc)
 {
        declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->symbol_next) {
-               if(declaration->namespace == namespace)
+               if(declaration->namespc == namespc)
                        return declaration;
        }
 
        return NULL;
 }
 
-static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespace)
+static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespc)
 {
-       switch(namespace) {
+       switch(namespc) {
        case NAMESPACE_NORMAL:
                return "";
        case NAMESPACE_UNION:
@@ -409,20 +434,20 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
                                  context_t *parent_context)
 {
        symbol_t    *symbol    = declaration->symbol;
-       namespace_t  namespace = (namespace_t)declaration->namespace;
+       namespace_t  namespc = (namespace_t)declaration->namespc;
 
        /* a declaration should be only pushed once */
        assert(declaration->parent_context == NULL);
        declaration->parent_context = parent_context;
 
-       declaration_t *previous_declaration = get_declaration(symbol, namespace);
+       declaration_t *previous_declaration = get_declaration(symbol, namespc);
        assert(declaration != previous_declaration);
        if(previous_declaration != NULL
                        && previous_declaration->parent_context == context) {
                if(!is_compatible_declaration(declaration, previous_declaration)) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
                        fprintf(stderr, "definition of symbol %s%s with type ",
-                                       get_namespace_prefix(namespace), symbol->string);
+                                       get_namespace_prefix(namespc), symbol->string);
                        print_type_quoted(declaration->type);
                        fputc('\n', stderr);
                        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
@@ -487,7 +512,7 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
        stack_entry_t entry;
        entry.symbol          = symbol;
        entry.old_declaration = symbol->declaration;
-       entry.namespace       = namespace;
+       entry.namespc       = namespc;
        ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
 
        /* replace/add declaration into declaration list of the symbol */
@@ -498,7 +523,7 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
                declaration_t *iter      = symbol->declaration;
                for( ; iter != NULL; iter_last = iter, iter = iter->symbol_next) {
                        /* replace an entry? */
-                       if(iter->namespace == namespace) {
+                       if(iter->namespc == namespc) {
                                if(iter_last == NULL) {
                                        symbol->declaration = declaration;
                                } else {
@@ -546,12 +571,12 @@ static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
 
                declaration_t *old_declaration = entry->old_declaration;
                symbol_t      *symbol          = entry->symbol;
-               namespace_t    namespace       = (namespace_t)entry->namespace;
+               namespace_t    namespc         = (namespace_t)entry->namespc;
 
                /* replace/remove declaration */
                declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
                assert(declaration != NULL);
-               if(declaration->namespace == namespace) {
+               if(declaration->namespc == namespc) {
                        if(old_declaration == NULL) {
                                symbol->declaration = declaration->symbol_next;
                        } else {
@@ -562,7 +587,7 @@ static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
                        declaration_t *iter      = declaration->symbol_next;
                        for( ; iter != NULL; iter_last = iter, iter = iter->symbol_next) {
                                /* replace an entry? */
-                               if(iter->namespace == namespace) {
+                               if(iter->namespc == namespc) {
                                        assert(iter_last != NULL);
                                        iter_last->symbol_next = old_declaration;
                                        old_declaration->symbol_next = iter->symbol_next;
@@ -649,57 +674,62 @@ static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
        if(source_type == dest_type)
                return expression;
 
-       if(dest_type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
-               if(source_type->type != TYPE_ATOMIC)
-                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+       switch (dest_type->type) {
+               case TYPE_ENUM:
+                       /* TODO warning for implicitly converting to enum */
+               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                       if (source_type->type != TYPE_ATOMIC &&
+                                       source_type->type != TYPE_ENUM) {
+                               panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+                       }
 
-               if(is_type_floating(dest_type) && !is_type_scalar(source_type)) {
-                       type_error_incompatible("can't cast types",
-                                               expression->source_position,
-                                               source_type, dest_type);
-                       return expression;
-               }
+                       if(is_type_floating(dest_type) && !is_type_scalar(source_type)) {
+                               type_error_incompatible("can't cast types",
+                                               expression->source_position, source_type, dest_type);
+                               return expression;
+                       }
 
-               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
-       }
-       if(dest_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-               pointer_type_t *pointer_type
-                       = (pointer_type_t*) dest_type;
-               switch (source_type->type) {
-                       case TYPE_ATOMIC:
-                               if (is_null_expression(expression)) {
-                                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
-                               }
-                               break;
+                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
 
-                       case TYPE_POINTER:
-                               if (pointers_compatible(source_type, dest_type)) {
-                                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
-                               }
-                               break;
+               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                       switch (source_type->type) {
+                               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                                       if (is_null_expression(expression)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+
+                               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                                       if (pointers_compatible(source_type, dest_type)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
 
-                       case TYPE_ARRAY: {
-                               array_type_t *const array_type = (array_type_t*) source_type;
-                               if (types_compatible(array_type->element_type,
-                                                                                                                pointer_type->points_to)) {
-                                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                               case TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                                       array_type_t   *array_type = (array_type_t*) source_type;
+                                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type
+                                               = (pointer_type_t*) dest_type;
+                                       if (types_compatible(array_type->element_type,
+                                                                                pointer_type->points_to)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
                                }
-                               break;
+
+                               default:
+                                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
                        }
 
-                       default:
-                               panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
-               }
+                       type_error_incompatible("can't implicitly cast types",
+                                       expression->source_position, source_type, dest_type);
+                       return expression;
 
-               type_error_incompatible("can't implicitely cast types",
-                                                                                                               expression->source_position,
-                                                                                                               source_type, dest_type);
-               return expression;
+               default:
+                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
        }
-
-       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
 }
 
+/** Implements the rules from ยง 6.5.16.1 */
 static void semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t **right,
                             const char *context)
 {
@@ -711,24 +741,55 @@ static void semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t **right,
        type_t *const type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
        type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
 
-       if (type_left == type_right) {
-               return;
-       }
-
        if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
-           (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_null_expression(*right)) ||
-           (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER)) {
+           (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_null_expression(*right)) ||
+           (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
+               && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
                *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
                return;
        }
 
-       if (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && type_right->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-               pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = (pointer_type_t*)type_left;
-               if (ptr_type->points_to == type_right) {
+       if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_left  = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_right = (pointer_type_t*) type_right;
+               type_t         *points_to_left     = pointer_type_left->points_to;
+               type_t         *points_to_right    = pointer_type_right->points_to;
+
+               points_to_left  = skip_typeref(points_to_left);
+               points_to_right = skip_typeref(points_to_right);
+
+               if(!is_type_atomic(points_to_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !is_type_atomic(points_to_right, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
+                       goto incompatible_assign_types;
+               }
+
+               /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
+               unsigned missing_qualifiers
+                       = points_to_right->qualifiers & ~points_to_left->qualifiers;
+               if(missing_qualifiers != 0) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "destination type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " in %s from type ", context);
+                       print_type_quoted(type_right);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " lacks qualifiers '");
+                       print_type_qualifiers(missing_qualifiers);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "' in pointed-to type\n");
                        return;
                }
+
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
        }
 
+       if (is_type_compound(type_left)
+                       && types_compatible(type_left, type_right)) {
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+incompatible_assign_types:
        /* TODO: improve error message */
        parser_print_error_prefix();
        fprintf(stderr, "incompatible types in %s\n", context);
@@ -828,6 +889,7 @@ attributes_finished:
        ;
 }
 
+#if 0
 static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
 {
        if(token.type != '[' && token.type != '.')
@@ -870,69 +932,268 @@ static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
                last = designator;
        }
 }
+#endif
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *type,
+                                              const char *string)
+{
+       /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
+       (void) type;
 
-static initializer_t *parse_initializer_list(type_t *type);
+       initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_STRING);
+       initializer->string.string = string;
 
-static initializer_t *parse_initializer(type_t *type)
+       return initializer;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *type,
+                                                  expression_t *expression)
 {
-       designator_t *designator = parse_designation();
+       /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
 
-       initializer_t *result;
-       if(token.type == '{') {
-               result = parse_initializer_list(type);
-       } else {
-               result          = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-               result->type    = INITIALIZER_VALUE;
-               result->v.value = parse_assignment_expression();
+       /* ยง 6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY && expression->type == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
 
-               if(type != NULL) {
-                       semantic_assign(type, &result->v.value, "initializer");
+               if(element_type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
+                       atomic_type_t      *atomic_type = (atomic_type_t*) element_type;
+                       atomic_type_type_t  atype       = atomic_type->atype;
+
+                       /* TODO handle wide strings */
+                       if(atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR
+                                       || atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR
+                                       || atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR) {
+
+                               string_literal_t *literal = (string_literal_t*) expression;
+                               return initializer_from_string(array_type, literal->value);
+                       }
                }
        }
-       result->designator = designator;
+
+       semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
+
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
+       result->value.value   = expression;
 
        return result;
 }
 
-static initializer_t *parse_initializer_list(type_t *type)
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
+                                            expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *expression_type);
+
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer_elem(type_t *type)
 {
-       eat('{');
+       if(token.type == '{') {
+               return parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+       }
 
-       /* TODO: semantic */
-       (void) type;
+       expression_t *expression      = parse_assignment_expression();
+       type_t       *expression_type = skip_typeref(expression->datatype);
+
+       return parse_sub_initializer(type, expression, expression_type);
+}
 
-       initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-       result->type = INITIALIZER_LIST;
+static bool had_initializer_brace_warning;
 
-       initializer_t *last = NULL;
-       while(1) {
-               initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(NULL);
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = initializer;
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
+                                            expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *expression_type)
+{
+       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
+               if(token.type == '{') {
+                       next_token();
+                       if(!had_initializer_brace_warning) {
+                               parse_warning("braces around scalar initializer");
+                               had_initializer_brace_warning = true;
+                       }
+                       initializer_t *result = parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(token.type == ',') {
+                               next_token();
+                               /* TODO: warn about excessive elements */
+                       }
+                       expect_block('}');
+                       return result;
+               }
+
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               }
+               return initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+       }
+
+       /* TODO: ignore qualifiers, comparing pointers is probably
+        * not correct */
+       if(expression != NULL && expression_type == type) {
+               initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
+
+               if(type != NULL) {
+                       semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
+               }
+               result->value.value = expression;
+
+               return result;
+       }
+
+       bool read_paren = false;
+       if(token.type == '{') {
+               next_token();
+               read_paren = true;
+       }
+
+       /* descend into subtype */
+       initializer_t  *result = NULL;
+       initializer_t **elems;
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               element_type               = skip_typeref(element_type);
+
+               initializer_t *sub;
+               had_initializer_brace_warning = false;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(element_type);
                } else {
-                       result->v.list = initializer;
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, expression,
+                                                   expression_type);
                }
-               last = initializer;
 
-               if(token.type == '}')
-                       break;
+               /* didn't match the subtypes -> try the parent type */
+               if(sub == NULL) {
+                       assert(!read_paren);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
 
-               if(token.type != ',') {
-                       parse_error_expected("while parsing initializer list", ',', '}', 0);
-                       eat_block();
-                       return result;
+               elems = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
+               ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+
+               while(true) {
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+                       expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+
+                       initializer_t *sub
+                               = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(sub == NULL) {
+                               /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup */
+                               parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
+                               DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
                }
-               eat(',');
+       } else {
+               assert(type->type == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
+                               || type->type == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
+               compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+               context_t       *context       = & compound_type->declaration->context;
 
-               if(token.type == '}')
-                       break;
+               declaration_t *first = context->declarations;
+               if(first == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
+               type_t *first_type = first->type;
+               first_type         = skip_typeref(first_type);
+
+               initializer_t *sub;
+               had_initializer_brace_warning = false;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(first_type);
+               } else {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(first_type, expression,expression_type);
+               }
+
+               /* didn't match the subtypes -> try our parent type */
+               if(sub == NULL) {
+                       assert(!read_paren);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               elems = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
+               ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+
+               declaration_t *iter  = first->next;
+               for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+                       if(iter->symbol == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       if(iter->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+                               continue;
+
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+                       expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+
+                       type_t *iter_type = iter->type;
+                       iter_type         = skip_typeref(iter_type);
+
+                       initializer_t *sub = parse_sub_initializer(iter_type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(sub == NULL) {
+                               /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup*/
+                               parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
+                               DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+               }
        }
 
-       expect('}');
+       int    len        = ARR_LEN(elems);
+       size_t elems_size = sizeof(initializer_t*) * len;
+
+       initializer_list_t *init = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(init[0]) + elems_size);
 
+       init->initializer.type = INITIALIZER_LIST;
+       init->len              = len;
+       memcpy(init->initializers, elems, elems_size);
+       DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+
+       result = (initializer_t*) init;
+
+       if(read_paren) {
+               if(token.type == ',')
+                       next_token();
+               expect('}');
+       }
        return result;
 }
 
+static initializer_t *parse_initializer(type_t *type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result;
+
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+
+       if(token.type != '{') {
+               expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               return initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+       }
+
+       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* ยง 6.7.8.11 */
+               eat('{');
+
+               expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               result = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+
+               if(token.type == ',')
+                       next_token();
+
+               expect('}');
+               return result;
+       } else {
+               result = parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+
+
 static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
 {
        if(is_struct) {
@@ -944,6 +1205,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
        symbol_t      *symbol      = NULL;
        declaration_t *declaration = NULL;
 
+       if (token.type == T___attribute__) {
+               /* TODO */
+               parse_attributes();
+       }
+
        if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
                symbol = token.v.symbol;
                next_token();
@@ -969,9 +1235,9 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
                declaration = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
                if(is_struct) {
-                       declaration->namespace = NAMESPACE_STRUCT;
+                       declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_STRUCT;
                } else {
-                       declaration->namespace = NAMESPACE_UNION;
+                       declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_UNION;
                }
                declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
                declaration->symbol          = symbol;
@@ -1003,7 +1269,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
        return declaration;
 }
 
-static void parse_enum_entries(void)
+static void parse_enum_entries(enum_type_t *const enum_type)
 {
        eat('{');
 
@@ -1022,13 +1288,16 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(void)
                        return;
                }
                entry->storage_class   = STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY;
+               entry->type            = (type_t*) enum_type;
                entry->symbol          = token.v.symbol;
                entry->source_position = token.source_position;
                next_token();
 
                if(token.type == '=') {
                        next_token();
-                       entry->init.initializer = parse_initializer(type_int);
+                       entry->init.enum_value = parse_constant_expression();
+
+                       /* TODO semantic */
                }
 
                record_declaration(entry);
@@ -1041,7 +1310,7 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(void)
        expect_void('}');
 }
 
-static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
+static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
 {
        eat(T_enum);
 
@@ -1065,11 +1334,15 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
        if(declaration == NULL) {
                declaration = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
-               declaration->namespace       = NAMESPACE_ENUM;
+               declaration->namespc       = NAMESPACE_ENUM;
                declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
                declaration->symbol          = symbol;
        }
 
+       enum_type_t *const enum_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(enum_type[0]));
+       enum_type->type.type         = TYPE_ENUM;
+       enum_type->declaration       = declaration;
+
        if(token.type == '{') {
                if(declaration->init.is_defined) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
@@ -1079,11 +1352,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
                record_declaration(declaration);
                declaration->init.is_defined = 1;
 
-               parse_enum_entries();
+               parse_enum_entries(enum_type);
                parse_attributes();
        }
 
-       return declaration;
+       return (type_t*) enum_type;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1091,12 +1364,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
  */
 static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
 {
-       declaration_t *declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
-       if(declaration == NULL
-                       || declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
+       const declaration_t *const declaration =
+               get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
+       return
+               declaration != NULL &&
+               declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF;
 }
 
 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
@@ -1162,8 +1434,6 @@ typedef enum {
        SPECIFIER_VOID      = 1 << 10,
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
        SPECIFIER_COMPLEX   = 1 << 11,
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
        SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 12,
 #endif
 } specifiers_t;
@@ -1258,8 +1528,6 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool,      SPECIFIER_BOOL,      "_Bool")
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex,   SPECIFIER_COMPLEX,   "_Complex")
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary")
 #endif
                case T_inline:
@@ -1281,31 +1549,24 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                /* TODO: if type != NULL for the following rules should issue
                 * an error */
                case T_struct: {
-                       compound_type_t *compound_type
-                               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT;
-                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(struct compound_type_t));
 
-                       type = (type_t*) compound_type;
+                       compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+                       compound_type->type.type   = TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT;
+                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
                        break;
                }
                case T_union: {
-                       compound_type_t *compound_type
-                               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION;
-                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type_t));
 
-                       type = (type_t*) compound_type;
+                       compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+                       compound_type->type.type   = TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION;
+                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
                        break;
                }
-               case T_enum: {
-                       enum_type_t *enum_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(enum_type[0]));
-                       enum_type->type.type   = TYPE_ENUM;
-                       enum_type->declaration = parse_enum_specifier();
-
-                       type = (type_t*) enum_type;
+               case T_enum:
+                       type = parse_enum_specifier();
                        break;
-               }
                case T___typeof__:
                        type = parse_typeof();
                        break;
@@ -1418,8 +1679,6 @@ finish_specifiers:
                case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX;
                        break;
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
                case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_IMAGINARY;
                        break;
@@ -1473,9 +1732,9 @@ finish_specifiers:
        specifiers->type = result;
 }
 
-static unsigned parse_type_qualifiers(void)
+static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
 {
-       unsigned type_qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1520,6 +1779,15 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameter(void)
                parse_error("typedef not allowed in parameter list");
        }
 
+       /* Array as last part of a paramter type is just syntactic sugar.  Turn it
+        * into a pointer */
+       if (declaration->type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               const array_type_t *const arr_type =
+                       (const array_type_t*)declaration->type;
+               type_t *element_type = arr_type->element_type;
+               declaration->type = make_pointer_type(element_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       }
+
        return declaration;
 }
 
@@ -1528,7 +1796,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(function_type_t *type)
        if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
                symbol_t      *symbol = token.v.symbol;
                if(!is_typedef_symbol(symbol)) {
-                       /* TODO */
+                       /* TODO: K&R style C parameters */
                        parse_identifier_list();
                        return NULL;
                }
@@ -1600,7 +1868,7 @@ struct construct_type_t {
 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t parsed_pointer_t;
 struct parsed_pointer_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
 };
 
 typedef struct construct_function_type_t construct_function_type_t;
@@ -1612,7 +1880,7 @@ struct construct_function_type_t {
 typedef struct parsed_array_t parsed_array_t;
 struct parsed_array_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
        bool              is_static;
        bool              is_variable;
        expression_t     *size;
@@ -1649,7 +1917,7 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
                next_token();
        }
 
-       type_qualifier_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
        if(type_qualifiers != 0) {
                if(token.type == T_static) {
                        array->is_static = true;
@@ -1694,19 +1962,24 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(declaration_t *declaration)
 }
 
 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
-               int may_be_abstract)
+               bool may_be_abstract)
 {
-       construct_type_t *result = NULL;
-       construct_type_t *last   = NULL;
+       /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
+        * how to construct the final declarator type */
+       construct_type_t *first = NULL;
+       construct_type_t *last  = NULL;
 
+       /* pointers */
        while(token.type == '*') {
                construct_type_t *type = parse_pointer_declarator();
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = type;
+
+               if(last == NULL) {
+                       first = type;
+                       last  = type;
                } else {
-                       result = type;
+                       last->next = type;
+                       last       = type;
                }
-               last = type;
        }
 
        /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
@@ -1733,8 +2006,18 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
                if(may_be_abstract)
                        break;
                parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', 0);
+               /* avoid a loop in the outermost scope, because eat_statement doesn't
+                * eat '}' */
+               if(token.type == '}' && current_function == NULL) {
+                       next_token();
+               } else {
+                       eat_statement();
+               }
+               return NULL;
        }
 
+       construct_type_t *p = last;
+
        while(true) {
                construct_type_t *type;
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1748,27 +2031,32 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
                        goto declarator_finished;
                }
 
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = type;
+               /* insert in the middle of the list (behind p) */
+               if(p != NULL) {
+                       type->next = p->next;
+                       p->next    = type;
                } else {
-                       result = type;
+                       type->next = first;
+                       first      = type;
+               }
+               if(last == p) {
+                       last = type;
                }
-               last = type;
        }
 
 declarator_finished:
        parse_attributes();
 
-       if(inner_types != NULL) {
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = inner_types;
-               } else {
-                       result = inner_types;
-               }
-               last = inner_types;
+       /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set last anymore
+        * as it's not needed anymore */
+       if(last == NULL) {
+               assert(first == NULL);
+               first = inner_types;
+       } else {
+               last->next = inner_types;
        }
 
-       return result;
+       return first;
 }
 
 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
@@ -1820,7 +2108,11 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
 
                type_t *hashed_type = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
                if(hashed_type != type) {
-                       free_type(type);
+                       /* the function type was constructed earlier freeing it here will
+                        * destroy other types... */
+                       if(iter->type != CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION) {
+                               free_type(type);
+                       }
                        type = hashed_type;
                }
        }
@@ -1889,8 +2181,7 @@ static void parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration_t *previous,
        fprintf(stderr, "multiple definition of symbol '%s'\n",
                declaration->symbol->string);
        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous->source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "this is the location of the previous "
-               "definition.\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "this is the location of the previous definition.\n");
 }
 
 static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
@@ -1901,10 +2192,11 @@ static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
 
                declaration_t *declaration = record_declaration(ndeclaration);
 
-               type_t *type = declaration->type;
+               type_t *orig_type = declaration->type;
+               type_t *type      = skip_typeref(orig_type);
                if(type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION && declaration->is_inline) {
                        parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "variable โ€˜%sโ€™ declared โ€˜inlineโ€™\n",
+                       fprintf(stderr, "variable '%s' declared 'inline'\n",
                                declaration->symbol->string);
                }
 
@@ -1917,13 +2209,38 @@ static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                                parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration, ndeclaration);
                        }
 
-                       ndeclaration->init.initializer = parse_initializer(declaration->type);
+                       initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(type);
+
+                       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY && initializer != NULL) {
+                               array_type_t       *array_type = (array_type_t*) type;
+
+                               if(array_type->size == NULL) {
+                                       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+
+                                       cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
+                                       cnst->expression.datatype = type_size_t;
+
+                                       if(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_LIST) {
+                                               initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
+                                               cnst->v.int_value = list->len;
+                                       } else {
+                                               assert(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_STRING);
+                                               initializer_string_t *string = &initializer->string;
+                                               cnst->v.int_value = strlen(string->string) + 1;
+                                       }
+
+                                       array_type->size = (expression_t*) cnst;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+
+                       ndeclaration->init.initializer = initializer;
                } else if(token.type == '{') {
-                       if(declaration->type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+                       if(type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
                                parser_print_error_prefix();
-                               fprintf(stderr, "Declarator ");
-                               print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->symbol, NULL);
-                               fprintf(stderr, " has a body but is not a function type.\n");
+                               fprintf(stderr, "declarator '");
+                               print_type_ext(orig_type, declaration->symbol, NULL);
+                               fprintf(stderr, "' has a body but is not a function type.\n");
                                eat_block();
                                continue;
                        }
@@ -2132,7 +2449,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_int_const(void)
        const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_int;
+       cnst->expression.datatype = token.datatype;
        cnst->v.int_value         = token.v.intvalue;
 
        next_token();
@@ -2145,7 +2462,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_float_const(void)
        const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_double;
+       cnst->expression.datatype = token.datatype;
        cnst->v.float_value       = token.v.floatvalue;
 
        next_token();
@@ -2192,6 +2509,110 @@ static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
        return declaration;
 }
 
+static type_t *make_function_1_type(type_t *result_type, type_t *argument_type)
+{
+       function_parameter_t *parameter = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(parameter[0]));
+       parameter->type = argument_type;
+
+       function_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
+       type->type.type   = TYPE_FUNCTION;
+       type->result_type = result_type;
+       type->parameters  = parameter;
+
+       type_t *result = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
+       if(result != (type_t*) type) {
+               free_type(type);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static type_t *get_builtin_symbol_type(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       switch(symbol->ID) {
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_void_ptr, type_size_t);
+       default:
+               panic("not implemented builtin symbol found");
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * performs automatic type cast as described in ยง 6.3.2.1
+ */
+static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(type == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               unsigned      qualifiers   = array_type->type.qualifiers;
+
+               return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
+       }
+
+       if(type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+               return make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       }
+
+       return type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
+ * to function-pointer types as defined ยง 6.3.2.1
+ */
+type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if(expression->datatype == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       switch(expression->type) {
+       case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref
+                       = (const reference_expression_t*) expression;
+               return ref->declaration->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_SELECT: {
+               const select_expression_t *select
+                       = (const select_expression_t*) expression;
+               return select->compound_entry->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_UNARY: {
+               const unary_expression_t *unary
+                       = (const unary_expression_t*) expression;
+               if(unary->type == UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE) {
+                       expression_t   *value        = unary->value;
+                       type_t         *type         = skip_typeref(value->datatype);
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+
+                       return pointer_type->points_to;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL: {
+               const builtin_symbol_expression_t *builtin
+                       = (const builtin_symbol_expression_t*) expression;
+               return get_builtin_symbol_type(builtin->symbol);
+       }
+       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
+               const array_access_expression_t *array_access
+                       = (const array_access_expression_t*) expression;
+               type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(array_access->array_ref->datatype);
+               assert(is_type_pointer(type_left));
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
+               return pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+
+       return expression->datatype;
+}
+
 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
 {
        reference_expression_t *ref = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(ref[0]));
@@ -2206,7 +2627,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
 
        if(declaration == NULL) {
 #ifndef STRICT_C99
-               /* an implicitely defined function */
+               /* an implicitly defined function */
                if(token.type == '(') {
                        parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
                        fprintf(stderr, "warning: implicit declaration of function '%s'\n",
@@ -2223,8 +2644,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
                }
        }
 
+       type_t *type = declaration->type;
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
        ref->declaration         = declaration;
-       ref->expression.datatype = declaration->type;
+       ref->expression.datatype = type;
 
        return (expression_t*) ref;
 }
@@ -2321,9 +2747,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_brace_expression(void)
 
 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(void)
 {
-       eat(T___FUNCTION__);
+       next_token();
        /* TODO */
 
+       if (current_function == NULL) {
+               parse_error("'__func__' used outside of a function");
+       }
+
        string_literal_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
        expression->expression.type     = EXPR_FUNCTION;
        expression->expression.datatype = type_string;
@@ -2436,12 +2866,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_builtin_symbol(void)
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
        expression->expression.type = EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL;
 
-       /* TODO: set datatype */
-
        expression->symbol = token.v.symbol;
-
        next_token();
 
+       type_t *type = get_builtin_symbol_type(expression->symbol);
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = type;
        return (expression_t*) expression;
 }
 
@@ -2457,6 +2888,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
        case T_IDENTIFIER:
                return parse_reference();
        case T___FUNCTION__:
+       case T___func__:
                return parse_function_keyword();
        case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__:
                return parse_pretty_function_keyword();
@@ -2464,6 +2896,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
                return parse_offsetof();
        case T___builtin_va_arg:
                return parse_va_arg();
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
        case T___builtin_expect:
        case T___builtin_va_start:
        case T___builtin_va_end:
@@ -2483,33 +2916,46 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                            expression_t *array_ref)
+                                            expression_t *left)
 {
        (void) precedence;
 
        eat('[');
 
+       expression_t *inside = parse_expression();
+
        array_access_expression_t *array_access
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(array_access[0]));
 
-       array_access->expression.type     = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
-       array_access->array_ref           = array_ref;
-       array_access->index               = parse_expression();
-
-       type_t *type = array_ref->datatype;
-       if(type != NULL) {
-               if(type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer           = (pointer_type_t*) type;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = pointer->points_to;
-               } else if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-                       array_type_t *array_type          = (array_type_t*) type;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = array_type->element_type;
+       array_access->expression.type = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
+
+       type_t *type_left   = skip_typeref(left->datatype);
+       type_t *type_inside = skip_typeref(inside->datatype);
+       type_t *result_type;
+
+       if(type_left != NULL && type_inside != NULL) {
+               if(is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
+                       result_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = left;
+                       array_access->index     = inside;
+               } else if(is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = (pointer_type_t*) type_inside;
+                       result_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = inside;
+                       array_access->index     = left;
+                       array_access->flipped   = true;
                } else {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer type ");
-                       print_type_quoted(type);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer types ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_inside);
                        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                }
+       } else {
+               array_access->array_ref = left;
+               array_access->index     = inside;
        }
 
        if(token.type != ']') {
@@ -2518,6 +2964,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
        }
        next_token();
 
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       array_access->expression.datatype = result_type;
+
        return (expression_t*) array_access;
 }
 
@@ -2554,7 +3003,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_sizeof(unsigned precedence)
                sizeof_expression->type = parse_typename();
                expect(')');
        } else {
-               expression_t *expression           = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+               expression_t *expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+               expression->datatype     = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
+
                sizeof_expression->type            = expression->datatype;
                sizeof_expression->size_expression = expression;
        }
@@ -2584,16 +3035,18 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
        select->symbol   = symbol;
        next_token();
 
-       type_t *type = compound->datatype;
-       if(type == NULL)
+       type_t *orig_type = compound->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
                return make_invalid_expression();
 
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
        type_t *type_left = type;
        if(is_pointer) {
                if(type->type != TYPE_POINTER) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
                        fprintf(stderr, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but ");
-                       print_type_quoted(type);
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
                        fputc('\n', stderr);
                        return make_invalid_expression();
                }
@@ -2633,12 +3086,16 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
        if(iter == NULL) {
                parser_print_error_prefix();
                print_type_quoted(type_left);
-               fprintf(stderr, " has no memeber named '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has no member named '%s'\n", symbol->string);
                return make_invalid_expression();
        }
 
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type_t *expression_type = automatic_type_conversion(iter->type);
+
        select->compound_entry      = iter;
-       select->expression.datatype = iter->type;
+       select->expression.datatype = expression_type;
        return (expression_t*) select;
 }
 
@@ -2651,25 +3108,32 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
        call->function          = expression;
 
        function_type_t *function_type;
-       type_t          *type = expression->datatype;
-       if (type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-               function_type             = (function_type_t*) type;
-               call->expression.datatype = function_type->result_type;
-       } else if (type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
-                  ((pointer_type_t*)type)->points_to->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-               pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = (pointer_type_t*)type;
-               function_type                  = (function_type_t*)ptr_type->points_to;
-               call->expression.datatype      = function_type->result_type;
-       } else {
-               parser_print_error_prefix();
-               fputs("called object '", stderr);
-               print_expression(expression);
-               fputs("' (type ", stderr);
-               print_type_quoted(type);
-               fputs(") is not a function\n", stderr);
+       type_t          *orig_type     = expression->datatype;
+       if(orig_type != NULL) {
+               function_type = NULL;
+               type_t *type  = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+               if(is_type_pointer(type)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+
+                       type = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
+
+                       if (type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+                               function_type             = (function_type_t*) type;
+                               call->expression.datatype = function_type->result_type;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(function_type == NULL) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fputs("called object '", stderr);
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fputs("' (type ", stderr);
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+                       fputs(") is not a pointer to a function\n", stderr);
 
-               function_type             = NULL;
-               call->expression.datatype = NULL;
+                       function_type             = NULL;
+                       call->expression.datatype = NULL;
+               }
        }
 
        /* parse arguments */
@@ -2743,13 +3207,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
        return (expression_t*) call;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_type_after_conversion(const type_t *type1,
-                                         const type_t *type2)
-{
-       /* TODO... */
-       (void) type2;
-       return (type_t*) type1;
-}
+static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
 
 static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
                                                   expression_t *expression)
@@ -2759,25 +3217,28 @@ static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
        conditional_expression_t *conditional
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(conditional[0]));
        conditional->expression.type = EXPR_CONDITIONAL;
-       conditional->condition = expression;
+       conditional->condition       = expression;
 
        /* 6.5.15.2 */
-       type_t *condition_type = conditional->condition->datatype;
-       if(condition_type != NULL) {
-               if(!is_type_scalar(skip_typeref(condition_type))) {
+       type_t *condition_type_orig = conditional->condition->datatype;
+       if(condition_type_orig != NULL) {
+               type_t *condition_type      = skip_typeref(condition_type_orig);
+               if(condition_type != NULL && !is_type_scalar(condition_type)) {
                        type_error("expected a scalar type", expression->source_position,
-                                  condition_type);
+                                          condition_type_orig);
                }
        }
 
-       conditional->true_expression = parse_expression();
+       expression_t *const t_expr = parse_expression();
+       conditional->true_expression = t_expr;
        expect(':');
-       conditional->false_expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       expression_t *const f_expr = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       conditional->false_expression = f_expr;
 
-       type_t *true_type  = conditional->true_expression->datatype;
+       type_t *const true_type  = t_expr->datatype;
        if(true_type == NULL)
                return (expression_t*) conditional;
-       type_t *false_type = conditional->false_expression->datatype;
+       type_t *const false_type = f_expr->datatype;
        if(false_type == NULL)
                return (expression_t*) conditional;
 
@@ -2789,9 +3250,10 @@ static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
                conditional->expression.datatype = skipped_true_type;
        } else if (is_type_arithmetic(skipped_true_type) &&
                   is_type_arithmetic(skipped_false_type)) {
-               type_t *const result = get_type_after_conversion(skipped_true_type,
-                                                                skipped_false_type);
-               /* TODO: create implicit convs if necessary */
+               type_t *const result = semantic_arithmetic(skipped_true_type,
+                                                          skipped_false_type);
+               conditional->true_expression  = create_implicit_cast(t_expr, result);
+               conditional->false_expression = create_implicit_cast(f_expr, result);
                conditional->expression.datatype = result;
        } else if (skipped_true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
                   skipped_false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
@@ -2822,6 +3284,23 @@ static expression_t *parse_extension(unsigned precedence)
        return parse_sub_expression(precedence);
 }
 
+static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(const unsigned precedence)
+{
+       eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
+
+       classify_type_expression_t *const classify_type_expr =
+               allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(classify_type_expr[0]));
+       classify_type_expr->expression.type     = EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE;
+       classify_type_expr->expression.datatype = type_int;
+
+       expect('(');
+       expression_t *const expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       expect(')');
+       classify_type_expr->type_expression = expression;
+
+       return (expression_t*)classify_type_expr;
+}
+
 static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
@@ -2856,42 +3335,67 @@ static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
        expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
 }
 
-static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
+static void semantic_unexpr_scalar(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
-       switch (type->type) {
-               case TYPE_ARRAY: {
-                       array_type_t *const array_type  = (array_type_t*)type;
-                       expression->expression.datatype = array_type->element_type;
-                       break;
-               }
+       if (!is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               parse_error("operand of ! must be of scalar type\n");
+               return;
+       }
 
-               case TYPE_POINTER: {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type    = (pointer_type_t*)type;
-                       expression->expression.datatype = pointer_type->points_to;
-                       break;
-               }
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
 
-               default:
-                       parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fputs("'Unary *' needs pointer or arrray type, but type ", stderr);
-                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
-                       fputs(" given.\n", stderr);
-                       return;
+static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
+               parse_error("operand of ~ must be of integer type\n");
+               return;
        }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
 }
 
-static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
+static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_pointer(type)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fputs("'Unary *' needs pointer or arrray type, but type ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+               fputs(" given.\n", stderr);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*)type;
+       type_t         *result_type  = pointer_type->points_to;
+
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = result_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
        expression_t *value = expression->value;
+       value->datatype     = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
+
+       type_t *orig_type = value->datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
        if(value->type == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                reference_expression_t *reference   = (reference_expression_t*) value;
                declaration_t          *declaration = reference->declaration;
@@ -2900,7 +3404,7 @@ static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
                }
        }
 
-       expression->expression.datatype = make_pointer_type(orig_type, 0);
+       expression->expression.datatype = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
 }
 
 #define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, sfunc)   \
@@ -2921,11 +3425,11 @@ static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence)            \
 
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', UNEXPR_NEGATE, semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', UNEXPR_PLUS,   semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', UNEXPR_NOT,    semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', UNEXPR_NOT,    semantic_unexpr_scalar)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE, semantic_dereference)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', UNEXPR_TAKE_ADDRESS, semantic_take_addr)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', UNEXPR_BITWISE_NEGATE,
-                               semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
+                               semantic_unexpr_integer)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,   UNEXPR_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
                                semantic_incdec)
 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, UNEXPR_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
@@ -3065,9 +3569,9 @@ static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
                expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
                expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
                return;
-       } else if(type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
                expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
-       } else if(type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
                expression->expression.datatype = type_right;
        } else {
                parser_print_error_prefix();
@@ -3151,8 +3655,7 @@ static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
                expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
        } else {
                type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
-                                       expression->expression.source_position,
-                                       type_left, type_right);
+                                       token.source_position, type_left, type_right);
        }
        expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
 }
@@ -3243,18 +3746,63 @@ static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
        expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
 }
 
+static bool has_const_fields(type_t *type)
+{
+       (void) type;
+       /* TODO */
+       return false;
+}
+
 static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       expression_t *left       = expression->left;
-       type_t       *type_left  = left->datatype;
+       expression_t *left           = expression->left;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left = left->datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
+       type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
 
+       /* must be a modifiable lvalue */
        if (type_left->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-               parse_error("Cannot assign to arrays.");
-       } else if (type_left != NULL) {
-               semantic_assign(type_left, &expression->right, "assignment");
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "Cannot assign to arrays ('");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "')\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(type_left->qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "assignment to readonly location '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' (type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "left-hand side of assignment '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' has incomplete type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "can't assign to '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' because compound type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has readonly fields\n");
+               return;
        }
 
-       expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       semantic_assign(orig_type_left, &expression->right, "assignment");
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type_left;
 }
 
 static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
@@ -3301,7 +3849,6 @@ CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR,     semantic_binexpr_arithmetic,
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR,    semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_AND,  semantic_logical_op, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_OR, semantic_logical_op, 1)
-/* TODO shift has a bit special semantic */
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT,
                       semantic_shift_op, 1)
 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT,
@@ -3473,6 +4020,8 @@ static void init_expression_parsers(void)
        register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, 25);
        register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof,                  T_sizeof,     25);
        register_expression_parser(parse_extension,            T___extension__, 25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type,
+                                                    T___builtin_classify_type, 25);
 }
 
 
@@ -3486,7 +4035,7 @@ static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
        label->expression = parse_expression();
 
        expect(':');
-       label->statement.next = parse_statement();
+       label->label_statement = parse_statement();
 
        return (statement_t*) label;
 }
@@ -3500,7 +4049,7 @@ static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
        label->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        expect(':');
-       label->statement.next = parse_statement();
+       label->label_statement = parse_statement();
 
        return (statement_t*) label;
 }
@@ -3518,7 +4067,7 @@ static declaration_t *get_label(symbol_t *symbol)
 
        /* otherwise we need to create a new one */
        declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
-       declaration->namespace     = NAMESPACE_LABEL;
+       declaration->namespc     = NAMESPACE_LABEL;
        declaration->symbol        = symbol;
 
        label_push(declaration);
@@ -4003,16 +4552,17 @@ void init_parser(void)
        init_expression_parsers();
        obstack_init(&temp_obst);
 
-       type_int         = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, 0);
-       type_uint        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT, 0);
-       type_long_double = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE, 0);
-       type_double      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, 0);
-       type_float       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT, 0);
-       type_size_t      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG, 0);
-       type_ptrdiff_t   = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG, 0);
-       type_const_char  = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
-       type_void        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, 0);
-       type_string      = make_pointer_type(type_const_char, 0);
+       type_int         = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_uint        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_long_double = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_double      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_float       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_size_t      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_ptrdiff_t   = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_char        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void_ptr    = make_pointer_type(type_void, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_string      = make_pointer_type(type_char, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
 }
 
 void exit_parser(void)