fix a few segfaults
[cparser] / parser.c
index 033033e..f63c266 100644 (file)
--- a/parser.c
+++ b/parser.c
 #define MAX_LOOKAHEAD 2
 //#define STRICT_C99
 
-struct environment_entry_t {
-       symbol_t      *symbol;
+typedef struct {
        declaration_t *old_declaration;
-       const void    *old_context;
+       symbol_t      *symbol;
+       unsigned short namespc;
+} stack_entry_t;
+
+typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t  declaration_specifiers_t;
+struct declaration_specifiers_t {
+       source_position_t  source_position;
+       unsigned char      storage_class;
+       bool               is_inline;
+       type_t            *type;
 };
 
-static token_t               token;
-static token_t               lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
-static int                   lookahead_bufpos;
-static struct obstack        environment_obstack;
-static environment_entry_t **environment_stack = NULL;
-static context_t            *global_context    = NULL;
-static context_t            *context           = NULL;
-static declaration_t        *last_declaration  = NULL;
-static struct obstack        temp_obst;
-
-static type_t               *type_int        = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_double     = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_const_char = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_string     = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_void       = NULL;
-static type_t               *type_size_t     = NULL;
+typedef declaration_t* (*parsed_declaration_func) (declaration_t *declaration);
+
+static token_t         token;
+static token_t         lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
+static int             lookahead_bufpos;
+static stack_entry_t  *environment_stack = NULL;
+static stack_entry_t  *label_stack       = NULL;
+static context_t      *global_context    = NULL;
+static context_t      *context           = NULL;
+static declaration_t  *last_declaration  = NULL;
+static declaration_t  *current_function  = NULL;
+static struct obstack  temp_obst;
+static bool            found_error;
+
+static type_t         *type_int         = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_long_double = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_double      = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_float       = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_char        = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_string      = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_void        = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_void_ptr    = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_valist      = NULL;
+
+type_t *type_size_t      = NULL;
+type_t *type_ptrdiff_t   = NULL;
+type_t *type_wchar_t     = NULL;
+type_t *type_wchar_t_ptr = NULL;
 
 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void);
 static statement_t *parse_statement(void);
@@ -49,6 +69,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence);
 static expression_t *parse_expression(void);
 static type_t       *parse_typename(void);
 
+static void parse_compound_type_entries(void);
+static declaration_t *parse_declarator(
+               const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers, bool may_be_abstract);
+static declaration_t *record_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);
+
+static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression);
+
 #define STORAGE_CLASSES     \
        case T_typedef:         \
        case T_extern:          \
@@ -65,33 +92,30 @@ static type_t       *parse_typename(void);
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS  \
        case T__Complex:
-#else
-#define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS
-#endif
-
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
        case T__Imaginary:
 #else
+#define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS
 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS
 #endif
 
-#define TYPE_SPECIFIERS     \
-       case T_void:            \
-       case T_char:            \
-       case T_short:           \
-       case T_int:             \
-       case T_long:            \
-       case T_float:           \
-       case T_double:          \
-       case T_signed:          \
-       case T_unsigned:        \
-       case T__Bool:           \
-       case T_struct:          \
-       case T_union:           \
-       case T_enum:            \
-       case T___typeof__:      \
-       COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS      \
+#define TYPE_SPECIFIERS       \
+       case T_void:              \
+       case T_char:              \
+       case T_short:             \
+       case T_int:               \
+       case T_long:              \
+       case T_float:             \
+       case T_double:            \
+       case T_signed:            \
+       case T_unsigned:          \
+       case T__Bool:             \
+       case T_struct:            \
+       case T_union:             \
+       case T_enum:              \
+       case T___typeof__:        \
+       case T___builtin_va_list: \
+       COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS        \
        IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS
 
 #define DECLARATION_START   \
@@ -103,21 +127,143 @@ static type_t       *parse_typename(void);
        TYPE_QUALIFIERS         \
        TYPE_SPECIFIERS
 
-static inline void *allocate_ast_zero(size_t size)
+static void *allocate_ast_zero(size_t size)
 {
        void *res = allocate_ast(size);
        memset(res, 0, size);
        return res;
 }
 
-static inline void *allocate_type_zero(size_t size)
+static size_t get_statement_struct_size(statement_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [STATEMENT_COMPOUND]    = sizeof(compound_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_RETURN]      = sizeof(return_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_DECLARATION] = sizeof(declaration_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_IF]          = sizeof(if_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_SWITCH]      = sizeof(switch_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_EXPRESSION]  = sizeof(expression_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_CONTINUE]    = sizeof(statement_base_t),
+               [STATEMENT_BREAK]       = sizeof(statement_base_t),
+               [STATEMENT_GOTO]        = sizeof(goto_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_LABEL]       = sizeof(label_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL]  = sizeof(case_label_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_WHILE]       = sizeof(while_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_DO_WHILE]    = sizeof(do_while_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_FOR]         = sizeof(for_statement_t),
+               [STATEMENT_ASM]         = sizeof(asm_statement_t)
+       };
+       assert(type <= sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(sizes[0]));
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static statement_t *allocate_statement_zero(statement_type_t type)
+{
+       size_t       size = get_statement_struct_size(type);
+       statement_t *res  = allocate_ast_zero(size);
+
+       res->base.type = type;
+       return res;
+}
+
+
+static size_t get_expression_struct_size(expression_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [EXPR_INVALID]             = sizeof(expression_base_t),
+               [EXPR_REFERENCE]           = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CONST]               = sizeof(const_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]      = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL] = sizeof(wide_string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CALL]                = sizeof(call_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_UNARY_FIRST]         = sizeof(unary_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_BINARY_FIRST]        = sizeof(binary_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]         = sizeof(conditional_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_SELECT]              = sizeof(select_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]        = sizeof(array_access_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_SIZEOF]              = sizeof(sizeof_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]       = sizeof(classify_type_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_FUNCTION]            = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_PRETTY_FUNCTION]     = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL]      = sizeof(builtin_symbol_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_OFFSETOF]            = sizeof(offsetof_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_VA_START]            = sizeof(va_start_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_VA_ARG]              = sizeof(va_arg_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_STATEMENT]           = sizeof(statement_expression_t),
+       };
+       if(type >= EXPR_UNARY_FIRST && type <= EXPR_UNARY_LAST) {
+               return sizes[EXPR_UNARY_FIRST];
+       }
+       if(type >= EXPR_BINARY_FIRST && type <= EXPR_BINARY_LAST) {
+               return sizes[EXPR_BINARY_FIRST];
+       }
+       assert(type <= sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(sizes[0]));
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static expression_t *allocate_expression_zero(expression_type_t type)
+{
+       size_t        size = get_expression_struct_size(type);
+       expression_t *res  = allocate_ast_zero(size);
+
+       res->base.type = type;
+       return res;
+}
+
+static size_t get_type_struct_size(type_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [TYPE_ATOMIC]          = sizeof(atomic_type_t),
+               [TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT] = sizeof(compound_type_t),
+               [TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION]  = sizeof(compound_type_t),
+               [TYPE_ENUM]            = sizeof(enum_type_t),
+               [TYPE_FUNCTION]        = sizeof(function_type_t),
+               [TYPE_POINTER]         = sizeof(pointer_type_t),
+               [TYPE_ARRAY]           = sizeof(array_type_t),
+               [TYPE_BUILTIN]         = sizeof(builtin_type_t),
+               [TYPE_TYPEDEF]         = sizeof(typedef_type_t),
+               [TYPE_TYPEOF]          = sizeof(typeof_type_t),
+       };
+       assert(sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(sizes[0]) == (int) TYPE_TYPEOF + 1);
+       assert(type <= TYPE_TYPEOF);
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static type_t *allocate_type_zero(type_type_t type)
 {
-       void *res = obstack_alloc(type_obst, size);
+       size_t  size = get_type_struct_size(type);
+       type_t *res  = obstack_alloc(type_obst, size);
        memset(res, 0, size);
+
+       res->base.type = type;
        return res;
 }
 
-static inline void free_type(void *type)
+static size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [INITIALIZER_VALUE]       = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_STRING]      = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_wide_string_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_LIST]        = sizeof(initializer_list_t)
+       };
+       assert(type < sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(*sizes));
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static initializer_t *allocate_initializer(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(type));
+       result->type          = type;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static void free_type(void *type)
 {
        obstack_free(type_obst, type);
 }
@@ -125,11 +271,16 @@ static inline void free_type(void *type)
 /**
  * returns the top element of the environment stack
  */
-static inline size_t environment_top(void)
+static size_t environment_top(void)
 {
        return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
 }
 
+static size_t label_top(void)
+{
+       return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
+}
+
 
 
 static inline void next_token(void)
@@ -150,37 +301,38 @@ static inline const token_t *look_ahead(int num)
 {
        assert(num > 0 && num <= MAX_LOOKAHEAD);
        int pos = (lookahead_bufpos+num-1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
-       return & lookahead_buffer[pos];
+       return &lookahead_buffer[pos];
 }
 
 #define eat(token_type)  do { assert(token.type == token_type); next_token(); } while(0)
 
-void error(void)
+static void error(void)
 {
+       found_error = true;
 #ifdef ABORT_ON_ERROR
        abort();
 #endif
 }
 
-void parser_print_prefix_pos(const source_position_t source_position)
+static void parser_print_prefix_pos(const source_position_t source_position)
 {
     fputs(source_position.input_name, stderr);
     fputc(':', stderr);
-    fprintf(stderr, "%d", source_position.linenr);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%u", source_position.linenr);
     fputs(": ", stderr);
 }
 
-void parser_print_error_prefix_pos(const source_position_t source_position)
+static void parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
+               const source_position_t source_position)
 {
        parser_print_prefix_pos(source_position);
        fputs("error: ", stderr);
        error();
 }
 
-void parser_print_error_prefix(void)
+static void parser_print_error_prefix(void)
 {
-       parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
-       error();
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
 }
 
 static void parse_error(const char *message)
@@ -189,13 +341,30 @@ static void parse_error(const char *message)
        fprintf(stderr, "parse error: %s\n", message);
 }
 
-__attribute__((unused))
-static void parse_warning(const char *message)
+static void parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(
+               const source_position_t source_position)
+{
+       parser_print_prefix_pos(source_position);
+       fputs("warning: ", stderr);
+}
+
+static void parser_print_warning_prefix(void)
 {
-       parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
+       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
+}
+
+static void parse_warning_pos(const source_position_t source_position,
+                              const char *const message)
+{
+       parser_print_prefix_pos(source_position);
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: %s\n", message);
 }
 
+static void parse_warning(const char *message)
+{
+       parse_warning_pos(token.source_position, message);
+}
+
 static void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
 {
        va_list args;
@@ -225,6 +394,33 @@ static void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 }
 
+static void print_type_quoted(type_t *type)
+{
+       fputc('\'', stderr);
+       print_type(type);
+       fputc('\'', stderr);
+}
+
+static void type_error(const char *msg, const source_position_t source_position,
+                       type_t *type)
+{
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
+       fprintf(stderr, "%s, but found type ", msg);
+       print_type_quoted(type);
+       fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
+               const source_position_t source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
+{
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
+       fprintf(stderr, "%s, incompatible types: ", msg);
+       print_type_quoted(type1);
+       fprintf(stderr, " - ");
+       print_type_quoted(type2);
+       fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+}
+
 static void eat_block(void)
 {
        if(token.type == '{')
@@ -258,7 +454,7 @@ static void eat_statement(void)
        eat(';');
 }
 
-static void eat_brace(void)
+static void eat_paren(void)
 {
        if(token.type == '(')
                next_token();
@@ -270,7 +466,7 @@ static void eat_brace(void)
                        return;
                }
                if(token.type == '(') {
-                       eat_brace();
+                       eat_paren();
                        continue;
                }
                if(token.type == '{') {
@@ -290,6 +486,14 @@ static void eat_brace(void)
     }                                              \
     next_token();
 
+#define expect_block(expected)                     \
+    if(UNLIKELY(token.type != (expected))) {       \
+        parse_error_expected(NULL, (expected), 0); \
+        eat_block();                               \
+        return NULL;                               \
+    }                                              \
+    next_token();
+
 #define expect_void(expected)                      \
     if(UNLIKELY(token.type != (expected))) {       \
         parse_error_expected(NULL, (expected), 0); \
@@ -302,108 +506,445 @@ static void set_context(context_t *new_context)
 {
        context = new_context;
 
-       declaration_t *declaration = new_context->declarations;
-       if(declaration != NULL) {
-               while(true) {
-                       if(declaration->next == NULL)
-                               break;
-                       declaration = declaration->next;
+       last_declaration = new_context->declarations;
+       if(last_declaration != NULL) {
+               while(last_declaration->next != NULL) {
+                       last_declaration = last_declaration->next;
                }
        }
-
-       last_declaration = declaration;
 }
 
 /**
  * called when we find a 2nd declarator for an identifier we already have a
  * declarator for
  */
-static bool is_compatible_declaration (declaration_t *declaration,
+static bool is_compatible_declaration(declaration_t *declaration,
                                       declaration_t *previous)
 {
-       /* TODO: not correct yet */
-       return declaration->type == previous->type;
+       /* happens for K&R style function parameters */
+       if(previous->type == NULL) {
+               previous->type = declaration->type;
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       type_t *type1 = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
+       type_t *type2 = skip_typeref(previous->type);
+
+       return types_compatible(type1, type2);
+}
+
+static declaration_t *get_declaration(symbol_t *symbol, namespace_t namespc)
+{
+       declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->symbol_next) {
+               if(declaration->namespc == namespc)
+                       return declaration;
+       }
+
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *get_namespace_prefix(namespace_t namespc)
+{
+       switch(namespc) {
+       case NAMESPACE_NORMAL:
+               return "";
+       case NAMESPACE_UNION:
+               return "union ";
+       case NAMESPACE_STRUCT:
+               return "struct ";
+       case NAMESPACE_ENUM:
+               return "enum ";
+       case NAMESPACE_LABEL:
+               return "label ";
+       }
+       panic("invalid namespace found");
 }
 
 /**
  * pushs an environment_entry on the environment stack and links the
  * corresponding symbol to the new entry
  */
-static inline declaration_t *environment_push(declaration_t *declaration,
-                                              const void *context)
+static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
+                                 declaration_t *declaration,
+                                 context_t *parent_context)
 {
-       symbol_t *symbol = declaration->symbol;
-       assert(declaration != symbol->declaration);
-       assert(declaration->source_position.input_name != NULL);
-
-       if(symbol->context == context) {
-               declaration_t *previous_declaration = symbol->declaration;
-               if(symbol->declaration != NULL) {
-                       if(!is_compatible_declaration(declaration, previous_declaration)) {
-                               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
-                               fprintf(stderr, "definition of symbol '%s' with type ",
-                                       declaration->symbol->string);
-                               error();
-                               print_type(declaration->type);
-                               fputc('\n', stderr);
-                               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
-                                               previous_declaration->source_position);
-                               fprintf(stderr, "is incompatible with previous declaration "
-                                       "of type ");
-                               print_type(previous_declaration->type);
-                               fputc('\n', stderr);
+       symbol_t    *symbol    = declaration->symbol;
+       namespace_t  namespc = (namespace_t)declaration->namespc;
+
+       /* a declaration should be only pushed once */
+       declaration->parent_context = parent_context;
+
+       declaration_t *previous_declaration = get_declaration(symbol, namespc);
+       assert(declaration != previous_declaration);
+       if(previous_declaration != NULL
+                       && previous_declaration->parent_context == context) {
+               if(!is_compatible_declaration(declaration, previous_declaration)) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "definition of symbol '%s%s' with type ",
+                                       get_namespace_prefix(namespc), symbol->string);
+                       print_type_quoted(declaration->type);
+                       fputc('\n', stderr);
+                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
+                                       previous_declaration->source_position);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "is incompatible with previous declaration "
+                                       "of type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(previous_declaration->type);
+                       fputc('\n', stderr);
+               } else {
+                       unsigned old_storage_class = previous_declaration->storage_class;
+                       unsigned new_storage_class = declaration->storage_class;
+                       if (current_function == NULL) {
+                               if (old_storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
+                                   new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr,
+                                               "static declaration of '%s' follows non-static declaration\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                               } else {
+                                       if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
+                                               if (new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
+                                                       previous_declaration->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "redundant declaration for '%s'\n",
+                                                                               symbol->string);
+                                               parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                                                               symbol->string);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
+                                               new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
+                                       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "redundant extern declaration for '%s'\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                                       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                               } else {
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                                       if (old_storage_class == new_storage_class) {
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "redeclaration of '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+                                       } else {
+                                               fprintf(stderr, "redeclaration of '%s' with different linkage\n", symbol->string);
+                                       }
+                                       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous_declaration->source_position);
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
+                                               symbol->string);
+                               }
                        }
-                       return previous_declaration;
                }
+               return previous_declaration;
        }
 
-       environment_entry_t *entry
-               = obstack_alloc(&environment_obstack, sizeof(entry[0]));
-       memset(entry, 0, sizeof(entry[0]));
-
-       int top = ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
-       ARR_RESIZE(environment_stack, top + 1);
-       environment_stack[top] = entry;
+       /* remember old declaration */
+       stack_entry_t entry;
+       entry.symbol          = symbol;
+       entry.old_declaration = symbol->declaration;
+       entry.namespc         = (unsigned short) namespc;
+       ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
 
-       entry->old_declaration = symbol->declaration;
-       entry->old_context     = symbol->context;
-       entry->symbol          = symbol;
-       symbol->declaration    = declaration;
-       symbol->context        = context;
+       /* replace/add declaration into declaration list of the symbol */
+       if(symbol->declaration == NULL) {
+               symbol->declaration = declaration;
+       } else {
+               declaration_t *iter_last = NULL;
+               declaration_t *iter      = symbol->declaration;
+               for( ; iter != NULL; iter_last = iter, iter = iter->symbol_next) {
+                       /* replace an entry? */
+                       if(iter->namespc == namespc) {
+                               if(iter_last == NULL) {
+                                       symbol->declaration = declaration;
+                               } else {
+                                       iter_last->symbol_next = declaration;
+                               }
+                               declaration->symbol_next = iter->symbol_next;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(iter == NULL) {
+                       assert(iter_last->symbol_next == NULL);
+                       iter_last->symbol_next = declaration;
+               }
+       }
 
        return declaration;
 }
 
+static declaration_t *environment_push(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       assert(declaration->source_position.input_name != NULL);
+       return stack_push(&environment_stack, declaration, context);
+}
+
+static declaration_t *label_push(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       return stack_push(&label_stack, declaration, &current_function->context);
+}
+
 /**
  * pops symbols from the environment stack until @p new_top is the top element
  */
-static inline void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
+static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
 {
-       environment_entry_t *entry = NULL;
-       size_t top = ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
-       size_t i;
+       stack_entry_t *stack = *stack_ptr;
+       size_t         top   = ARR_LEN(stack);
+       size_t         i;
 
+       assert(new_top <= top);
        if(new_top == top)
                return;
 
-       assert(new_top < top);
-       i = top;
-       do {
-               entry = environment_stack[i - 1];
+       for(i = top; i > new_top; --i) {
+               stack_entry_t *entry = &stack[i - 1];
+
+               declaration_t *old_declaration = entry->old_declaration;
+               symbol_t      *symbol          = entry->symbol;
+               namespace_t    namespc         = (namespace_t)entry->namespc;
+
+               /* replace/remove declaration */
+               declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
+               assert(declaration != NULL);
+               if(declaration->namespc == namespc) {
+                       if(old_declaration == NULL) {
+                               symbol->declaration = declaration->symbol_next;
+                       } else {
+                               symbol->declaration = old_declaration;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       declaration_t *iter_last = declaration;
+                       declaration_t *iter      = declaration->symbol_next;
+                       for( ; iter != NULL; iter_last = iter, iter = iter->symbol_next) {
+                               /* replace an entry? */
+                               if(iter->namespc == namespc) {
+                                       assert(iter_last != NULL);
+                                       iter_last->symbol_next = old_declaration;
+                                       old_declaration->symbol_next = iter->symbol_next;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       assert(iter != NULL);
+               }
+       }
+
+       ARR_SHRINKLEN(*stack_ptr, (int) new_top);
+}
+
+static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
+{
+       stack_pop_to(&environment_stack, new_top);
+}
+
+static void label_pop_to(size_t new_top)
+{
+       stack_pop_to(&label_stack, new_top);
+}
+
+
+static int get_rank(const type_t *type)
+{
+       assert(!is_typeref(type));
+       /* The C-standard allows promoting to int or unsigned int (see Â§ 7.2.2
+        * and esp. footnote 108). However we can't fold constants (yet), so we
+        * can't decide wether unsigned int is possible, while int always works.
+        * (unsigned int would be preferable when possible... for stuff like
+        *  struct { enum { ... } bla : 4; } ) */
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ENUM)
+               return ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
+
+       assert(type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC);
+       const atomic_type_t *atomic_type = &type->atomic;
+       atomic_type_type_t   atype       = atomic_type->atype;
+       return atype;
+}
+
+static type_t *promote_integer(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(get_rank(type) < ATOMIC_TYPE_INT)
+               type = type_int;
+
+       return type;
+}
+
+static expression_t *create_cast_expression(expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *dest_type)
+{
+       expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT);
+
+       cast->unary.value   = expression;
+       cast->base.datatype = dest_type;
+
+       return cast;
+}
+
+static bool is_null_pointer_constant(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       /* skip void* cast */
+       if(expression->type == EXPR_UNARY_CAST
+                       || expression->type == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT) {
+               expression = expression->unary.value;
+       }
+
+       /* TODO: not correct yet, should be any constant integer expression
+        * which evaluates to 0 */
+       if (expression->type != EXPR_CONST)
+               return false;
+
+       type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.datatype);
+       if (!is_type_integer(type))
+               return false;
+
+       return expression->conste.v.int_value == 0;
+}
+
+static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
+                                          type_t *dest_type)
+{
+       type_t *source_type = expression->base.datatype;
+
+       if(source_type == NULL)
+               return expression;
+
+       source_type = skip_typeref(source_type);
+       dest_type   = skip_typeref(dest_type);
+
+       if(source_type == dest_type)
+               return expression;
 
-               symbol_t *symbol = entry->symbol;
+       switch (dest_type->type) {
+               case TYPE_ENUM:
+                       /* TODO warning for implicitly converting to enum */
+               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                       if (source_type->type != TYPE_ATOMIC &&
+                                       source_type->type != TYPE_ENUM) {
+                               panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+                       }
+
+                       if(is_type_floating(dest_type) && !is_type_scalar(source_type)) {
+                               type_error_incompatible("can't cast types",
+                                               expression->base.source_position, source_type,
+                                               dest_type);
+                               return expression;
+                       }
+
+                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+
+               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                       switch (source_type->type) {
+                               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                                       if (is_null_pointer_constant(expression)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+
+                               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                                       if (pointers_compatible(source_type, dest_type)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
 
-               symbol->declaration = entry->old_declaration;
-               symbol->context     = entry->old_context;
+                               case TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                                       array_type_t   *array_type   = &source_type->array;
+                                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &dest_type->pointer;
+                                       if (types_compatible(array_type->element_type,
+                                                                                pointer_type->points_to)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               default:
+                                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+                       }
 
-               --i;
-       } while(i != new_top);
-       obstack_free(&environment_obstack, entry);
+                       type_error_incompatible("can't implicitly cast types",
+                                       expression->base.source_position, source_type, dest_type);
+                       return expression;
 
-       ARR_SHRINKLEN(environment_stack, (int) new_top);
+               default:
+                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+       }
 }
 
+/** Implements the rules from Â§ 6.5.16.1 */
+static void semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t **right,
+                            const char *context)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type_right = (*right)->base.datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *const type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
+           (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_null_pointer_constant(*right)) ||
+           (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
+               && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_left  = &type_left->pointer;
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_right = &type_right->pointer;
+               type_t         *points_to_left     = pointer_type_left->points_to;
+               type_t         *points_to_right    = pointer_type_right->points_to;
+
+               points_to_left  = skip_typeref(points_to_left);
+               points_to_right = skip_typeref(points_to_right);
+
+               /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
+               unsigned missing_qualifiers
+                       = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
+               if(missing_qualifiers != 0) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "destination type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " in %s from type ", context);
+                       print_type_quoted(type_right);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " lacks qualifiers '");
+                       print_type_qualifiers(missing_qualifiers);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "' in pointed-to type\n");
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               points_to_left  = get_unqualified_type(points_to_left);
+               points_to_right = get_unqualified_type(points_to_right);
+
+               if(!is_type_atomic(points_to_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !is_type_atomic(points_to_right, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
+                       goto incompatible_assign_types;
+               }
+
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (is_type_compound(type_left)
+                       && types_compatible(type_left, type_right)) {
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
 
+incompatible_assign_types:
+       /* TODO: improve error message */
+       parser_print_error_prefix();
+       fprintf(stderr, "incompatible types in %s\n", context);
+       parser_print_error_prefix();
+       print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+       fputs(" <- ", stderr);
+       print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+       fputs("\n", stderr);
+}
 
 static expression_t *parse_constant_expression(void)
 {
@@ -417,17 +958,24 @@ static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
        return parse_sub_expression(2);
 }
 
-static void parse_compound_type_entries(void);
-static void parse_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
-                             storage_class_t storage_class, type_t *type,
-                             int may_be_abstract);
-static declaration_t *record_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);
+static type_t *make_global_typedef(const char *name, type_t *type)
+{
+       symbol_t *symbol       = symbol_table_insert(name);
 
-typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t  declaration_specifiers_t;
-struct declaration_specifiers_t {
-       storage_class_t  storage_class;
-       type_t          *type;
-};
+       declaration_t *declaration   = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+       declaration->namespc         = NAMESPACE_NORMAL;
+       declaration->storage_class   = STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF;
+       declaration->type            = type;
+       declaration->symbol          = symbol;
+       declaration->source_position = builtin_source_position;
+
+       record_declaration(declaration);
+
+       type_t *typedef_type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
+       typedef_type->typedeft.declaration = declaration;
+
+       return typedef_type;
+}
 
 static const char *parse_string_literals(void)
 {
@@ -448,7 +996,7 @@ static void parse_attributes(void)
 {
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
-               case T___attribute__:
+               case T___attribute__: {
                        next_token();
 
                        expect_void('(');
@@ -471,13 +1019,14 @@ static void parse_attributes(void)
                                }
                        }
                        break;
+               }
                case T_asm:
                        next_token();
                        expect_void('(');
                        if(token.type != T_STRING_LITERAL) {
                                parse_error_expected("while parsing assembler attribute",
                                                     T_STRING_LITERAL);
-                               eat_brace();
+                               eat_paren();
                                break;
                        } else {
                                parse_string_literals();
@@ -493,89 +1042,415 @@ attributes_finished:
        ;
 }
 
-static compound_type_t *find_compound_type(compound_type_t *types,
-                                           const symbol_t *symbol)
-{
-       compound_type_t *type = types;
-       for( ; type != NULL; type = type->next) {
-               if(type->symbol == symbol)
-                       return type;
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-static type_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
+#if 0
+static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
 {
-       if(is_struct) {
-               eat(T_struct);
-       } else {
-               eat(T_union);
-       }
-
-       symbol_t        *symbol        = NULL;
-       compound_type_t *compound_type = NULL;
+       if(token.type != '[' && token.type != '.')
+               return NULL;
 
-       if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               symbol = token.v.symbol;
-               next_token();
+       designator_t *result = NULL;
+       designator_t *last   = NULL;
 
-               if(context != NULL) {
-                       if(is_struct) {
-                               compound_type = find_compound_type(context->structs, symbol);
-                       } else {
-                               compound_type = find_compound_type(context->unions, symbol);
-                       }
-               }
-       } else if(token.type != '{') {
-               if(is_struct) {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing struct type specifier",
-                                            T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
-               } else {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing union type specifier",
-                                            T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
-               }
+       while(1) {
+               designator_t *designator;
+               switch(token.type) {
+               case '[':
+                       designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
+                       next_token();
+                       designator->array_access = parse_constant_expression();
+                       expect(']');
+                       break;
+               case '.':
+                       designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
+                       next_token();
+                       if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
+                               parse_error_expected("while parsing designator",
+                                                    T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       designator->symbol = token.v.symbol;
+                       next_token();
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       expect('=');
+                       return result;
+               }
+
+               assert(designator != NULL);
+               if(last != NULL) {
+                       last->next = designator;
+               } else {
+                       result = designator;
+               }
+               last = designator;
+       }
+}
+#endif
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *type,
+                                              const char *string)
+{
+       /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
+       (void) type;
+
+       initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_STRING);
+       initializer->string.string = string;
+
+       return initializer;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_wide_string(array_type_t *const type,
+                                                   wide_string_t *const string)
+{
+       /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
+       (void) type;
+
+       initializer_t *const initializer =
+               allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING);
+       initializer->wide_string.string = *string;
+
+       return initializer;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *type,
+                                                  expression_t *expression)
+{
+       /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
+
+       /* Â§ 6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
+       type_t *const expr_type = expression->base.datatype;
+       if (is_type_array(type) && expr_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
+               array_type_t *const array_type     = &type->array;
+               type_t       *const element_type   = skip_typeref(array_type->element_type);
+
+               if (element_type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
+                       switch (expression->type) {
+                               case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
+                                       if (element_type->atomic.atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR) {
+                                               return initializer_from_string(array_type,
+                                                       expression->string.value);
+                                       }
+
+                               case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL: {
+                                       type_t *bare_wchar_type = skip_typeref(type_wchar_t);
+                                       if (get_unqualified_type(element_type) == bare_wchar_type) {
+                                               return initializer_from_wide_string(array_type,
+                                                       &expression->wide_string.value);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               default: break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       type_t *expression_type = skip_typeref(expression->base.datatype);
+       if(is_type_scalar(type) || types_compatible(type, expression_type)) {
+               semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
+
+               initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
+               result->value.value   = expression;
+
+               return result;
+       }
+
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
+                                            expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *expression_type);
+
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer_elem(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(token.type == '{') {
+               return parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+       }
+
+       expression_t *expression      = parse_assignment_expression();
+       type_t       *expression_type = skip_typeref(expression->base.datatype);
+
+       return parse_sub_initializer(type, expression, expression_type);
+}
+
+static bool had_initializer_brace_warning;
+
+static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
+                                            expression_t *expression,
+                                            type_t *expression_type)
+{
+       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
+               if(token.type == '{') {
+                       next_token();
+                       if(!had_initializer_brace_warning) {
+                               parse_warning("braces around scalar initializer");
+                               had_initializer_brace_warning = true;
+                       }
+                       initializer_t *result = parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+                       if(token.type == ',') {
+                               next_token();
+                               /* TODO: warn about excessive elements */
+                       }
+                       expect_block('}');
+                       return result;
+               }
+
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               }
+               return initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+       }
+
+       /* does the expression match the currently looked at object to initalize */
+       if(expression != NULL) {
+               initializer_t *result = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+               if(result != NULL)
+                       return result;
+       }
+
+       bool read_paren = false;
+       if(token.type == '{') {
+               next_token();
+               read_paren = true;
+       }
+
+       /* descend into subtype */
+       initializer_t  *result = NULL;
+       initializer_t **elems;
+       if(is_type_array(type)) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = &type->array;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               element_type               = skip_typeref(element_type);
+
+               initializer_t *sub;
+               had_initializer_brace_warning = false;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(element_type);
+               } else {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, expression,
+                                                   expression_type);
+               }
+
+               /* didn't match the subtypes -> try the parent type */
+               if(sub == NULL) {
+                       assert(!read_paren);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               elems = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
+               ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+
+               while(true) {
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+                       expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(element_type);
+                       if(sub == NULL) {
+                               /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup */
+                               parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
+                               DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+               }
+       } else {
+               assert(is_type_compound(type));
+               compound_type_t *compound_type = &type->compound;
+               context_t       *context       = &compound_type->declaration->context;
+
+               declaration_t *first = context->declarations;
+               if(first == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
+               type_t *first_type = first->type;
+               first_type         = skip_typeref(first_type);
+
+               initializer_t *sub;
+               had_initializer_brace_warning = false;
+               if(expression == NULL) {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(first_type);
+               } else {
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(first_type, expression,expression_type);
+               }
+
+               /* didn't match the subtypes -> try our parent type */
+               if(sub == NULL) {
+                       assert(!read_paren);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               elems = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
+               ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+
+               declaration_t *iter  = first->next;
+               for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+                       if(iter->symbol == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       if(iter->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+                               continue;
+
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+                       expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
+
+                       type_t *iter_type = iter->type;
+                       iter_type         = skip_typeref(iter_type);
+
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer_elem(iter_type);
+                       if(sub == NULL) {
+                               /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup*/
+                               parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
+                               DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, elems, sub);
+               }
+       }
+
+       int    len        = ARR_LEN(elems);
+       size_t elems_size = sizeof(initializer_t*) * len;
+
+       initializer_list_t *init = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(init[0]) + elems_size);
+
+       init->initializer.type = INITIALIZER_LIST;
+       init->len              = len;
+       memcpy(init->initializers, elems, elems_size);
+       DEL_ARR_F(elems);
+
+       result = (initializer_t*) init;
+
+       if(read_paren) {
+               if(token.type == ',')
+                       next_token();
+               expect('}');
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+static initializer_t *parse_initializer(type_t *type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result;
+
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+
+       if(token.type != '{') {
+               expression_t  *expression  = parse_assignment_expression();
+               initializer_t *initializer = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+               if(initializer == NULL) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "initializer expression '");
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "', type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(expression->base.datatype);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " is incompatible with type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+               }
+               return initializer;
+       }
+
+       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* Â§ 6.7.8.11 */
+               eat('{');
+
+               expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+               result = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
+
+               if(token.type == ',')
+                       next_token();
+
+               expect('}');
+               return result;
+       } else {
+               result = parse_sub_initializer(type, NULL, NULL);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+
+
+static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
+{
+       if(is_struct) {
+               eat(T_struct);
+       } else {
+               eat(T_union);
+       }
+
+       symbol_t      *symbol      = NULL;
+       declaration_t *declaration = NULL;
+
+       if (token.type == T___attribute__) {
+               /* TODO */
+               parse_attributes();
+       }
+
+       if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
+               symbol = token.v.symbol;
+               next_token();
+
+               if(is_struct) {
+                       declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_STRUCT);
+               } else {
+                       declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_UNION);
+               }
+       } else if(token.type != '{') {
+               if(is_struct) {
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing struct type specifier",
+                                            T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
+               } else {
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing union type specifier",
+                                            T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
+               }
 
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       if(compound_type == NULL) {
-               compound_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
+       if(declaration == NULL) {
+               declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
                if(is_struct) {
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT;
+                       declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_STRUCT;
                } else {
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION;
+                       declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_UNION;
                }
-               compound_type->source_position = token.source_position;
-               compound_type->symbol          = symbol;
+               declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
+               declaration->symbol          = symbol;
+               record_declaration(declaration);
        }
 
        if(token.type == '{') {
-               if(compound_type->defined) {
+               if(declaration->init.is_defined) {
+                       assert(symbol != NULL);
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
                        fprintf(stderr, "multiple definition of %s %s\n",
                                        is_struct ? "struct" : "union", symbol->string);
-                       compound_type->context.declarations = NULL;
+                       declaration->context.declarations = NULL;
                }
-               compound_type->defined = 1;
+               declaration->init.is_defined = true;
 
                int         top          = environment_top();
                context_t  *last_context = context;
-               set_context(&compound_type->context);
+               set_context(&declaration->context);
 
                parse_compound_type_entries();
                parse_attributes();
 
-               assert(context == &compound_type->context);
+               assert(context == &declaration->context);
                set_context(last_context);
                environment_pop_to(top);
        }
 
-       return (type_t*) compound_type;
+       return declaration;
 }
 
-static void parse_enum_entries(void)
+static void parse_enum_entries(enum_type_t *const enum_type)
 {
        eat('{');
 
@@ -589,19 +1464,21 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(void)
                declaration_t *entry = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(entry[0]));
 
                if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing enum entry",
-                                            T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                       parse_error_expected("while parsing enum entry", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
                        eat_block();
                        return;
                }
                entry->storage_class   = STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY;
+               entry->type            = (type_t*) enum_type;
                entry->symbol          = token.v.symbol;
                entry->source_position = token.source_position;
                next_token();
 
                if(token.type == '=') {
                        next_token();
-                       entry->initializer = parse_constant_expression();
+                       entry->init.enum_value = parse_constant_expression();
+
+                       /* TODO semantic */
                }
 
                record_declaration(entry);
@@ -614,80 +1491,75 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(void)
        expect_void('}');
 }
 
-static enum_type_t *find_enum_type(enum_type_t *types, const symbol_t *symbol)
-{
-       enum_type_t *type = types;
-       for( ; type != NULL; type = type->next) {
-               if(type->symbol == symbol)
-                       return type;
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
 static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
 {
        eat(T_enum);
 
-       symbol_t    *symbol    = NULL;
-       enum_type_t *enum_type = NULL;
+       declaration_t *declaration;
+       symbol_t      *symbol;
 
        if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
                symbol = token.v.symbol;
                next_token();
 
-               if(context != NULL) {
-                       enum_type = find_enum_type(context->enums, symbol);
-               }
+               declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_ENUM);
        } else if(token.type != '{') {
-               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing enum type specifier",
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing enum type specifier",
                                     T_IDENTIFIER, '{', 0);
                return NULL;
+       } else {
+               declaration = NULL;
+               symbol      = NULL;
        }
 
-       if(enum_type == NULL) {
-               enum_type                  = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(enum_type[0]));
-               enum_type->type.type       = TYPE_ENUM;
-               enum_type->source_position = token.source_position;
-               enum_type->symbol          = symbol;
+       if(declaration == NULL) {
+               declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+
+               declaration->namespc       = NAMESPACE_ENUM;
+               declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
+               declaration->symbol          = symbol;
        }
 
+       type_t *const type      = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ENUM);
+       type->enumt.declaration = declaration;
+
        if(token.type == '{') {
-               if(enum_type->defined) {
+               if(declaration->init.is_defined) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
                        fprintf(stderr, "multiple definitions of enum %s\n",
                                symbol->string);
-                       enum_type->entries_begin = NULL;
-                       enum_type->entries_end   = NULL;
                }
-               enum_type->defined = 1;
+               record_declaration(declaration);
+               declaration->init.is_defined = 1;
 
-               declaration_t *before = last_declaration;
-
-               parse_enum_entries();
+               parse_enum_entries(&type->enumt);
                parse_attributes();
-
-               if(before == NULL) {
-                       enum_type->entries_begin = context->declarations;
-               } else {
-                       enum_type->entries_begin = before->next;
-               }
-               enum_type->entries_end = last_declaration;
        }
 
-       return (type_t*) enum_type;
+       return type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * if a symbol is a typedef to another type, return true
+ */
+static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       const declaration_t *const declaration =
+               get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
+       return
+               declaration != NULL &&
+               declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF;
 }
 
 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
 {
        eat(T___typeof__);
 
-       type_t *result;
+       type_t *type;
 
        expect('(');
 
-       declaration_t *declaration;
-       expression_t  *expression;
+       expression_t *expression  = NULL;
 
 restart:
        switch(token.type) {
@@ -700,29 +1572,31 @@ restart:
                goto restart;
 
        case T_IDENTIFIER:
-               declaration = token.v.symbol->declaration;
-               if(declaration != NULL
-                               && declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
-                       result = parse_typename();
-                       break;
+               if(is_typedef_symbol(token.v.symbol)) {
+                       type = parse_typename();
+               } else {
+                       expression = parse_expression();
+                       type       = expression->base.datatype;
                }
-               expression = parse_expression();
-               result     = expression->datatype;
                break;
 
        TYPENAME_START
-               result = parse_typename();
+               type = parse_typename();
                break;
 
        default:
                expression = parse_expression();
-               result     = expression->datatype;
+               type       = expression->base.datatype;
                break;
        }
 
        expect(')');
 
-       return result;
+       type_t *typeof_type              = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEOF);
+       typeof_type->typeoft.expression  = expression;
+       typeof_type->typeoft.typeof_type = type;
+
+       return typeof_type;
 }
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -739,33 +1613,46 @@ typedef enum {
        SPECIFIER_VOID      = 1 << 10,
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
        SPECIFIER_COMPLEX   = 1 << 11,
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
        SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 12,
 #endif
 } specifiers_t;
 
-static type_t *create_builtin_type(symbol_t *symbol)
+static type_t *create_builtin_type(symbol_t *const symbol,
+                                   type_t *const real_type)
 {
-       builtin_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
-       type->type.type      = TYPE_BUILTIN;
-       type->symbol         = symbol;
+       type_t *type            = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_BUILTIN);
+       type->builtin.symbol    = symbol;
+       type->builtin.real_type = real_type;
 
-       type_t *result = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
-       if(result != (type_t*) type) {
+       type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
+       if (type != result) {
                free_type(type);
        }
 
        return result;
 }
 
+static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       declaration_t *declaration = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
+       if(declaration == NULL
+                       || declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
+               return NULL;
+
+       type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
+       type->typedeft.declaration = declaration;
+
+       return type;
+}
+
 static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
 {
-       declaration_t *declaration;
-       type_t        *type            = NULL;
-       unsigned       type_qualifiers = 0;
-       unsigned       type_specifiers = 0;
-       int            newtype         = 0;
+       type_t   *type            = NULL;
+       unsigned  type_qualifiers = 0;
+       unsigned  type_specifiers = 0;
+       int       newtype         = 0;
+
+       specifiers->source_position = token.source_position;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -787,6 +1674,27 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_auto,     STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO)
                MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_register, STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
 
+               case T___thread:
+                       switch (specifiers->storage_class) {
+                               case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
+                                       specifiers->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD;
+                                       break;
+
+                               case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
+                                       specifiers->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN;
+                                       break;
+
+                               case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
+                                       specifiers->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC;
+                                       break;
+
+                               default:
+                                       parse_error("multiple storage classes in declaration specifiers");
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       next_token();
+                       break;
+
                /* type qualifiers */
 #define MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(token, qualifier)                          \
                case token:                                                     \
@@ -797,7 +1705,6 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const,    TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
-               MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_inline,   TYPE_QUALIFIER_INLINE);
 
                case T___extension__:
                        /* TODO */
@@ -826,10 +1733,13 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool,      SPECIFIER_BOOL,      "_Bool")
 #ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex,   SPECIFIER_COMPLEX,   "_Complex")
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
                MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary")
 #endif
+               case T_inline:
+                       next_token();
+                       specifiers->is_inline = true;
+                       break;
+
                case T_long:
                        next_token();
                        if(type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG) {
@@ -841,13 +1751,20 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                        }
                        break;
 
-               /* TODO: if type != NULL for the following rules issue an error */
-               case T_struct:
-                       type = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
+               /* TODO: if type != NULL for the following rules should issue
+                * an error */
+               case T_struct: {
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
+
+                       type->compound.declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
                        break;
-               case T_union:
-                       type = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
+               }
+               case T_union: {
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
+
+                       type->compound.declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
                        break;
+               }
                case T_enum:
                        type = parse_enum_specifier();
                        break;
@@ -855,7 +1772,7 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                        type = parse_typeof();
                        break;
                case T___builtin_va_list:
-                       type = create_builtin_type(token.v.symbol);
+                       type = duplicate_type(type_valist);
                        next_token();
                        break;
 
@@ -864,17 +1781,16 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                        parse_attributes();
                        break;
 
-               case T_IDENTIFIER:
-                       declaration = token.v.symbol->declaration;
-                       if(declaration == NULL ||
-                                       declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
+               case T_IDENTIFIER: {
+                       type_t *typedef_type = get_typedef_type(token.v.symbol);
+
+                       if(typedef_type == NULL)
                                goto finish_specifiers;
-                       }
 
-                       type = declaration->type;
-                       assert(type != NULL);
                        next_token();
+                       type = typedef_type;
                        break;
+               }
 
                /* function specifier */
                default:
@@ -964,8 +1880,6 @@ finish_specifiers:
                case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX;
                        break;
-#endif
-#ifdef PROVIDE_IMAGINARY
                case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_IMAGINARY;
                        break;
@@ -980,7 +1894,7 @@ finish_specifiers:
                        /* invalid specifier combination, give an error message */
                        if(type_specifiers == 0) {
 #ifndef STRICT_C99
-                               parse_warning("no type specifiers in declaration (using int)");
+                               parse_warning("no type specifiers in declaration, using int");
                                atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
                                break;
 #else
@@ -997,31 +1911,28 @@ finish_specifiers:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID;
                }
 
-               atomic_type_t *atype = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(atype[0]));
-               atype->type.type     = TYPE_ATOMIC;
-               atype->atype         = atomic_type;
-               newtype              = 1;
-
-               type = (type_t*) atype;
+               type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
+               type->atomic.atype = atomic_type;
+               newtype            = 1;
        } else {
                if(type_specifiers != 0) {
                        parse_error("multiple datatypes in declaration");
                }
        }
 
-       type->qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
+       type->base.qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
 
        type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
-       if(newtype && result != (type_t*) type) {
+       if(newtype && result != type) {
                free_type(type);
        }
 
        specifiers->type = result;
 }
 
-static type_qualifier_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
+static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
 {
-       type_qualifier_t type_qualifiers = 0;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1029,7 +1940,6 @@ static type_qualifier_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const,    TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
                MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
-               MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_inline,   TYPE_QUALIFIER_INLINE);
 
                default:
                        return type_qualifiers;
@@ -1037,45 +1947,89 @@ static type_qualifier_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
        }
 }
 
-static void parse_identifier_list(void)
+static declaration_t *parse_identifier_list(void)
 {
-       while(true) {
-               if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing parameter identifier "
-                                            "list", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
-                       return;
-               }
+       declaration_t *declarations     = NULL;
+       declaration_t *last_declaration = NULL;
+       do {
+               declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+
+               declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
+               declaration->symbol          = token.v.symbol;
                next_token();
+
+               if(last_declaration != NULL) {
+                       last_declaration->next = declaration;
+               } else {
+                       declarations = declaration;
+               }
+               last_declaration = declaration;
+
                if(token.type != ',')
                        break;
                next_token();
-       }
+       } while(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER);
+
+       return declarations;
 }
 
-static declaration_t *parse_parameter(void)
+static void semantic_parameter(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
-       declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
-       memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
+       /* TODO: improve error messages */
 
-       parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
+       if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
+               parse_error("typedef not allowed in parameter list");
+       } else if(declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE
+                       && declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER) {
+               parse_error("parameter may only have none or register storage class");
+       }
 
-       declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
-       parse_declarator(declaration, specifiers.storage_class,
-                        specifiers.type, 1);
+       type_t *orig_type = declaration->type;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
 
-       return declaration;
-}
+       /* Array as last part of a paramter type is just syntactic sugar.  Turn it
+        * into a pointer. Â§ 6.7.5.3 (7) */
+       if (is_type_array(type)) {
+               const array_type_t *arr_type     = &type->array;
+               type_t             *element_type = arr_type->element_type;
 
-static declaration_t *parse_parameters(method_type_t *type)
-{
-       if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               symbol_t      *symbol      = token.v.symbol;
-               declaration_t *declaration = symbol->declaration;
-               if(declaration == NULL
-                               || declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
-                       /* TODO */
-                       parse_identifier_list();
-                       return NULL;
+               type = make_pointer_type(element_type, type->base.qualifiers);
+
+               declaration->type = type;
+       }
+
+       if(is_type_incomplete(type)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "incomplete type (");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+               fprintf(stderr, ") not allowed for parameter '%s'\n",
+                       declaration->symbol->string);
+       }
+}
+
+static declaration_t *parse_parameter(void)
+{
+       declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
+       memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
+
+       parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
+
+       declaration_t *declaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, true);
+
+       semantic_parameter(declaration);
+
+       return declaration;
+}
+
+static declaration_t *parse_parameters(function_type_t *type)
+{
+       if(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER) {
+               symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
+               if(!is_typedef_symbol(symbol)) {
+                       type->kr_style_parameters = true;
+                       return parse_identifier_list();
                }
        }
 
@@ -1088,11 +2042,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(method_type_t *type)
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       declaration_t      *declarations = NULL;
-       declaration_t      *declaration;
-       declaration_t      *last_declaration = NULL;
-       method_parameter_t *parameter;
-       method_parameter_t *last_parameter = NULL;
+       declaration_t        *declarations = NULL;
+       declaration_t        *declaration;
+       declaration_t        *last_declaration = NULL;
+       function_parameter_t *parameter;
+       function_parameter_t *last_parameter = NULL;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1106,7 +2060,8 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(method_type_t *type)
                DECLARATION_START
                        declaration = parse_parameter();
 
-                       parameter       = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(parameter[0]));
+                       parameter       = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(parameter[0]));
+                       memset(parameter, 0, sizeof(parameter[0]));
                        parameter->type = declaration->type;
 
                        if(last_parameter != NULL) {
@@ -1130,8 +2085,9 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(method_type_t *type)
 }
 
 typedef enum {
+       CONSTRUCT_INVALID,
        CONSTRUCT_POINTER,
-       CONSTRUCT_METHOD,
+       CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION,
        CONSTRUCT_ARRAY
 } construct_type_type_t;
 
@@ -1144,19 +2100,19 @@ struct construct_type_t {
 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t parsed_pointer_t;
 struct parsed_pointer_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
 };
 
-typedef struct construct_method_type_t construct_method_type_t;
-struct construct_method_type_t {
+typedef struct construct_function_type_t construct_function_type_t;
+struct construct_function_type_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       method_type_t    *method_type;
+       type_t           *function_type;
 };
 
 typedef struct parsed_array_t parsed_array_t;
 struct parsed_array_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
        bool              is_static;
        bool              is_variable;
        expression_t     *size;
@@ -1174,7 +2130,8 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_pointer_declarator(void)
 
        parsed_pointer_t *pointer = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, sizeof(pointer[0]));
        memset(pointer, 0, sizeof(pointer[0]));
-       pointer->type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
+       pointer->construct_type.type = CONSTRUCT_POINTER;
+       pointer->type_qualifiers     = parse_type_qualifiers();
 
        return (construct_type_t*) pointer;
 }
@@ -1185,13 +2142,14 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
 
        parsed_array_t *array = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, sizeof(array[0]));
        memset(array, 0, sizeof(array[0]));
+       array->construct_type.type = CONSTRUCT_ARRAY;
 
        if(token.type == T_static) {
                array->is_static = true;
                next_token();
        }
 
-       type_qualifier_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
        if(type_qualifiers != 0) {
                if(token.type == T_static) {
                        array->is_static = true;
@@ -1212,44 +2170,47 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
        return (construct_type_t*) array;
 }
 
-static construct_type_t *parse_method_declarator(declaration_t *declaration)
+static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
        eat('(');
 
-       method_type_t *method_type
-               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(method_type[0]));
-       method_type->type.type   = TYPE_METHOD;
+       type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
 
-       declaration_t *parameters = parse_parameters(method_type);
+       declaration_t *parameters = parse_parameters(&type->function);
        if(declaration != NULL) {
                declaration->context.declarations = parameters;
        }
 
-       construct_method_type_t *construct_method_type =
-               obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, sizeof(construct_method_type[0]));
-       memset(construct_method_type, 0, sizeof(construct_method_type[0]));
-       construct_method_type->construct_type.type = CONSTRUCT_METHOD;
-       construct_method_type->method_type         = method_type;
+       construct_function_type_t *construct_function_type =
+               obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, sizeof(construct_function_type[0]));
+       memset(construct_function_type, 0, sizeof(construct_function_type[0]));
+       construct_function_type->construct_type.type = CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION;
+       construct_function_type->function_type       = type;
 
        expect(')');
 
-       return (construct_type_t*) construct_method_type;
+       return (construct_type_t*) construct_function_type;
 }
 
 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
-               int may_be_abstract)
+               bool may_be_abstract)
 {
-       construct_type_t *result = NULL;
-       construct_type_t *last   = NULL;
+       /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
+        * how to construct the final declarator type */
+       construct_type_t *first = NULL;
+       construct_type_t *last  = NULL;
 
+       /* pointers */
        while(token.type == '*') {
                construct_type_t *type = parse_pointer_declarator();
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = type;
+
+               if(last == NULL) {
+                       first = type;
+                       last  = type;
                } else {
-                       result = type;
+                       last->next = type;
+                       last       = type;
                }
-               last = type;
        }
 
        /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
@@ -1275,15 +2236,24 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
        default:
                if(may_be_abstract)
                        break;
-               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER,
-                                    '(', 0);
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', 0);
+               /* avoid a loop in the outermost scope, because eat_statement doesn't
+                * eat '}' */
+               if(token.type == '}' && current_function == NULL) {
+                       next_token();
+               } else {
+                       eat_statement();
+               }
+               return NULL;
        }
 
+       construct_type_t *p = last;
+
        while(true) {
                construct_type_t *type;
                switch(token.type) {
                case '(':
-                       type = parse_method_declarator(declaration);
+                       type = parse_function_declarator(declaration);
                        break;
                case '[':
                        type = parse_array_declarator();
@@ -1292,27 +2262,32 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
                        goto declarator_finished;
                }
 
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = type;
+               /* insert in the middle of the list (behind p) */
+               if(p != NULL) {
+                       type->next = p->next;
+                       p->next    = type;
                } else {
-                       result = type;
+                       type->next = first;
+                       first      = type;
+               }
+               if(last == p) {
+                       last = type;
                }
-               last = type;
        }
 
 declarator_finished:
        parse_attributes();
 
-       if(inner_types != NULL) {
-               if(last != NULL) {
-                       last->next = inner_types;
-               } else {
-                       result = inner_types;
-               }
-               last = inner_types;
+       /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set last anymore
+        * as it's not needed anymore */
+       if(last == NULL) {
+               assert(first == NULL);
+               first = inner_types;
+       } else {
+               last->next = inner_types;
        }
 
-       return result;
+       return first;
 }
 
 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
@@ -1320,49 +2295,53 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
 {
        construct_type_t *iter = construct_list;
        for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
-               parsed_pointer_t        *parsed_pointer;
-               parsed_array_t          *parsed_array;
-               construct_method_type_t *construct_method_type;
-               method_type_t           *method_type;
-               pointer_type_t          *pointer_type;
-               array_type_t            *array_type;
-
                switch(iter->type) {
-               case CONSTRUCT_METHOD:
-                       construct_method_type = (construct_method_type_t*) iter;
-                       method_type           = construct_method_type->method_type;
+               case CONSTRUCT_INVALID:
+                       panic("invalid type construction found");
+               case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION: {
+                       construct_function_type_t *construct_function_type
+                               = (construct_function_type_t*) iter;
+
+                       type_t *function_type = construct_function_type->function_type;
+
+                       function_type->function.return_type = type;
 
-                       method_type->result_type = type;
-                       type                     = (type_t*) method_type;
+                       type = function_type;
                        break;
+               }
 
-               case CONSTRUCT_POINTER:
-                       parsed_pointer = (parsed_pointer_t*) iter;
-                       pointer_type   = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(pointer_type[0]));
+               case CONSTRUCT_POINTER: {
+                       parsed_pointer_t *parsed_pointer = (parsed_pointer_t*) iter;
+                       type_t           *pointer_type   = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_POINTER);
+                       pointer_type->pointer.points_to  = type;
+                       pointer_type->base.qualifiers    = parsed_pointer->type_qualifiers;
 
-                       pointer_type->type.type       = TYPE_POINTER;
-                       pointer_type->points_to       = type;
-                       pointer_type->type.qualifiers = parsed_pointer->type_qualifiers;
-                       type                          = (type_t*) pointer_type;
+                       type = pointer_type;
                        break;
+               }
+
+               case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY: {
+                       parsed_array_t *parsed_array  = (parsed_array_t*) iter;
+                       type_t         *array_type    = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
+
+                       array_type->base.qualifiers    = parsed_array->type_qualifiers;
+                       array_type->array.element_type = type;
+                       array_type->array.is_static    = parsed_array->is_static;
+                       array_type->array.is_variable  = parsed_array->is_variable;
+                       array_type->array.size         = parsed_array->size;
 
-               case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY:
-                       parsed_array  = (parsed_array_t*) iter;
-                       array_type    = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(array_type[0]));
-
-                       array_type->type.type       = TYPE_ARRAY;
-                       array_type->element_type    = type;
-                       array_type->type.qualifiers = parsed_array->type_qualifiers;
-                       array_type->is_static       = parsed_array->is_static;
-                       array_type->is_variable     = parsed_array->is_variable;
-                       array_type->size            = parsed_array->size;
-                       type                        = (type_t*) array_type;
+                       type = array_type;
                        break;
                }
+               }
 
-               type_t *hashed_type = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
+               type_t *hashed_type = typehash_insert(type);
                if(hashed_type != type) {
-                       free_type(type);
+                       /* the function type was constructed earlier freeing it here will
+                        * destroy other types... */
+                       if(iter->type != CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION) {
+                               free_type(type);
+                       }
                        type = hashed_type;
                }
        }
@@ -1370,188 +2349,426 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
        return type;
 }
 
-static void parse_declarator(declaration_t *declaration,
-                             storage_class_t storage_class, type_t *type,
-                             int may_be_abstract)
+static declaration_t *parse_declarator(
+               const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers, bool may_be_abstract)
 {
+       type_t        *type        = specifiers->type;
+       declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+       declaration->storage_class = specifiers->storage_class;
+       declaration->is_inline     = specifiers->is_inline;
+
        construct_type_t *construct_type
                = parse_inner_declarator(declaration, may_be_abstract);
+       declaration->type = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, type);
 
-       declaration->type         = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, type);
-       declaration->storage_class = storage_class;
        if(construct_type != NULL) {
                obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
        }
+
+       return declaration;
 }
 
 static type_t *parse_abstract_declarator(type_t *base_type)
 {
-       construct_type_t *construct_type
-               = parse_inner_declarator(NULL, 1);
-
-       if(construct_type == NULL)
-               return NULL;
+       construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(NULL, 1);
 
        type_t *result = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, base_type);
-       obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
+       if(construct_type != NULL) {
+               obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
+       }
 
        return result;
 }
 
 static declaration_t *record_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
-       if(context == NULL)
-               return declaration;
+       assert(declaration->parent_context == NULL);
+       assert(context != NULL);
 
        symbol_t *symbol = declaration->symbol;
        if(symbol != NULL) {
-               declaration_t *alias = environment_push(declaration, context);
+               declaration_t *alias = environment_push(declaration);
                if(alias != declaration)
                        return alias;
+       } else {
+               declaration->parent_context = context;
        }
 
        if(last_declaration != NULL) {
                last_declaration->next = declaration;
        } else {
-               context->declarations  = declaration;
+               context->declarations = declaration;
        }
        last_declaration = declaration;
 
        return declaration;
 }
 
-static void parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration_t *previous,
-                                             declaration_t *declaration)
+static void parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration_t *declaration,
+               const source_position_t source_position)
 {
-       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
        fprintf(stderr, "multiple definition of symbol '%s'\n",
                declaration->symbol->string);
-       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(previous->source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "this is the location of the previous "
-               "definition.\n");
-       error();
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+       fprintf(stderr, "this is the location of the previous definition.\n");
 }
 
-static void parse_designation(void)
+static bool is_declaration_specifier(const token_t *token,
+                                     bool only_type_specifiers)
 {
-       if(token.type != '[' && token.type != '.')
-               return;
+       switch(token->type) {
+               TYPE_SPECIFIERS
+                       return true;
+               case T_IDENTIFIER:
+                       return is_typedef_symbol(token->v.symbol);
+
+               case T___extension__:
+               STORAGE_CLASSES
+               TYPE_QUALIFIERS
+                       return !only_type_specifiers;
 
-       while(1) {
-               switch(token.type) {
-               case '[':
-                       next_token();
-                       parse_constant_expression();
-                       expect_void(']');
-                       break;
-               case '.':
-                       next_token();
-                       expect_void(T_IDENTIFIER);
-                       break;
                default:
-                       expect_void('=');
-                       return;
-               }
+                       return false;
        }
 }
 
-static void parse_initializer_list(void);
-
-static void parse_initializer(void)
+static void parse_init_declarator_rest(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
-       parse_designation();
+       eat('=');
 
-       if(token.type == '{') {
-               parse_initializer_list();
+       type_t *orig_type = declaration->type;
+       type_t *type      = NULL;
+       if(orig_type != NULL)
+               type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+       if(declaration->init.initializer != NULL) {
+               parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration, token.source_position);
+       }
+
+       initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(type);
+
+       /* Â§ 6.7.5 (22)  array intializers for arrays with unknown size determine
+        * the array type size */
+       if(type != NULL && is_type_array(type) && initializer != NULL) {
+               array_type_t *array_type = &type->array;
+
+               if(array_type->size == NULL) {
+                       expression_t *cnst = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONST);
+
+                       cnst->base.datatype = type_size_t;
+
+                       switch (initializer->type) {
+                               case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
+                                       initializer_list_t *const list = &initializer->list;
+                                       cnst->conste.v.int_value = list->len;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               case INITIALIZER_STRING: {
+                                       initializer_string_t *const string = &initializer->string;
+                                       cnst->conste.v.int_value = strlen(string->string) + 1;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING: {
+                                       initializer_wide_string_t *const string = &initializer->wide_string;
+                                       cnst->conste.v.int_value = string->string.size;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               default:
+                                       panic("invalid initializer type");
+                       }
+
+                       array_type->size = cnst;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if(type != NULL && is_type_function(type)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+               fprintf(stderr, "initializers not allowed for function types at "
+                               "declator '%s' (type ", declaration->symbol->string);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
        } else {
-               parse_assignment_expression();
+               declaration->init.initializer = initializer;
        }
 }
 
-static void parse_initializer_list(void)
+/* parse rest of a declaration without any declarator */
+static void parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(
+               const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
+               parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration)
 {
-       eat('{');
+       eat(';');
 
-       while(1) {
-               parse_initializer();
-               if(token.type == '}')
-                       break;
+       declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
-               if(token.type != ',') {
-                       parse_error_expected("problem while parsing initializer list",
-                                            ',', '}', 0);
-                       eat_block();
-                       return;
+       declaration->type            = specifiers->type;
+       declaration->storage_class   = specifiers->storage_class;
+       declaration->source_position = specifiers->source_position;
+
+       if (declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
+               parse_warning_pos(declaration->source_position,
+                               "useless storage class in empty declaration");
+       }
+
+       type_t *type = declaration->type;
+       switch (type->type) {
+               case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+               case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
+                       const compound_type_t *compound_type = &type->compound;
+                       if (compound_type->declaration->symbol == NULL) {
+                               parse_warning_pos(declaration->source_position,
+                                               "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
+                       }
+                       break;
                }
-               eat(',');
 
-               if(token.type == '}')
+               case TYPE_ENUM:
+                       break;
+
+               default:
+                       parse_warning_pos(declaration->source_position,
+                                         "empty declaration");
                        break;
        }
 
-       expect_void('}');
+       finished_declaration(declaration);
 }
 
-static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
+static void parse_declaration_rest(declaration_t *ndeclaration,
+               const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
+               parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration)
 {
        while(true) {
-               declaration_t *ndeclaration
-                       = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(ndeclaration[0]));
+               declaration_t *declaration = finished_declaration(ndeclaration);
+
+               type_t *orig_type = declaration->type;
+               type_t *type      = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+               if(type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION && declaration->is_inline) {
+                       parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "variable '%s' declared 'inline'\n",
+                                       declaration->symbol->string);
+               }
 
-               parse_declarator(ndeclaration, specifiers->storage_class,
-                                specifiers->type, 0);
-               declaration_t *declaration = record_declaration(ndeclaration);
                if(token.type == '=') {
-                       next_token();
+                       parse_init_declarator_rest(declaration);
+               }
 
-                       /* TODO: check that this is an allowed type (esp. no method type) */
+               if(token.type != ',')
+                       break;
+               eat(',');
 
-                       if(declaration->initializer != NULL) {
-                               parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration, ndeclaration);
-                       }
+               ndeclaration = parse_declarator(specifiers, false);
+       }
+       expect_void(';');
+}
 
-                       parse_initializer();
-               } else if(token.type == '{') {
-                       if(declaration->type->type != TYPE_METHOD) {
-                               parser_print_error_prefix();
-                               fprintf(stderr, "Declarator ");
-                               print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->symbol, NULL);
-                               fprintf(stderr, " is not a method type.\n");
-                       }
+static declaration_t *finished_kr_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       /* TODO: check that it was actually a parameter that gets a type */
 
-                       if(declaration->initializer != NULL) {
-                               parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration, ndeclaration);
-                       }
-                       if(ndeclaration != declaration) {
-                               memcpy(&declaration->context, &ndeclaration->context,
-                                      sizeof(declaration->context));
-                       }
+       /* we should have a declaration for the parameter in the current
+        * scope */
+       return record_declaration(declaration);
+}
+
+static void parse_declaration(parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration)
+{
+       declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
+       memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
+       parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
 
-                       int         top          = environment_top();
-                       context_t  *last_context = context;
-                       set_context(&declaration->context);
+       if(token.type == ';') {
+               parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers, finished_declaration);
+       } else {
+               declaration_t *declaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, false);
+               parse_declaration_rest(declaration, &specifiers, finished_declaration);
+       }
+}
 
-                       /* push function parameters */
-                       declaration_t *parameter = declaration->context.declarations;
-                       for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
-                               environment_push(parameter, context);
-                       }
+static void parse_kr_declaration_list(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
+       if(!is_type_function(type))
+               return;
+
+       if(!type->function.kr_style_parameters)
+               return;
 
-                       statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement();
+       /* push function parameters */
+       int         top          = environment_top();
+       context_t  *last_context = context;
+       set_context(&declaration->context);
 
-                       assert(context == &declaration->context);
-                       set_context(last_context);
-                       environment_pop_to(top);
+       declaration_t *parameter = declaration->context.declarations;
+       for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
+               environment_push(parameter);
+       }
 
-                       declaration->statement = statement;
-                       return;
+       /* parse declaration list */
+       while(is_declaration_specifier(&token, false)) {
+               parse_declaration(finished_kr_declaration);
+       }
+
+       /* pop function parameters */
+       assert(context == &declaration->context);
+       set_context(last_context);
+       environment_pop_to(top);
+
+       /* update function type */
+       type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
+       new_type->function.kr_style_parameters = false;
+
+       function_parameter_t *parameters     = NULL;
+       function_parameter_t *last_parameter = NULL;
+
+       declaration_t *parameter_declaration = declaration->context.declarations;
+       for( ; parameter_declaration != NULL;
+                       parameter_declaration = parameter_declaration->next) {
+               type_t *parameter_type = parameter_declaration->type;
+               if(parameter_type == NULL) {
+#ifdef STRICT_C99
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "no type specified for function parameter '%s'\n",
+                               parameter_declaration->symbol->string);
+#else
+                       parser_print_warning_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "no type specified for function parameter '%s', "
+                               "using int\n", parameter_declaration->symbol->string);
+                       parameter_type              = type_int;
+                       parameter_declaration->type = parameter_type;
+#endif
                }
 
-               if(token.type != ',')
-                       break;
-               next_token();
+               semantic_parameter(parameter_declaration);
+               parameter_type = parameter_declaration->type;
+
+               function_parameter_t *function_parameter
+                       = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(function_parameter[0]));
+               memset(function_parameter, 0, sizeof(function_parameter[0]));
+
+               function_parameter->type = parameter_type;
+               if(last_parameter != NULL) {
+                       last_parameter->next = function_parameter;
+               } else {
+                       parameters = function_parameter;
+               }
+               last_parameter = function_parameter;
        }
-       expect_void(';');
+       new_type->function.parameters = parameters;
+
+       type = typehash_insert(new_type);
+       if(type != new_type) {
+               obstack_free(type_obst, new_type);
+       }
+
+       declaration->type = type;
+}
+
+static void parse_external_declaration(void)
+{
+       /* function-definitions and declarations both start with declaration
+        * specifiers */
+       declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
+       memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
+       parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
+
+       /* must be a declaration */
+       if(token.type == ';') {
+               parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers, record_declaration);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* declarator is common to both function-definitions and declarations */
+       declaration_t *ndeclaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, false);
+
+       /* must be a declaration */
+       if(token.type == ',' || token.type == '=' || token.type == ';') {
+               parse_declaration_rest(ndeclaration, &specifiers, record_declaration);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* must be a function definition */
+       parse_kr_declaration_list(ndeclaration);
+
+       if(token.type != '{') {
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing function definition", '{', 0);
+               eat_statement();
+               return;
+       }
+
+       type_t *type = ndeclaration->type;
+       if(type == NULL) {
+               eat_block();
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* note that we don't skip typerefs: the standard doesn't allow them here
+        * (so we can't use is_type_function here) */
+       if(type->type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "declarator '");
+               print_type_ext(type, ndeclaration->symbol, NULL);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' has a body but is not a function type.\n");
+               eat_block();
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Â§ 6.7.5.3 (14) a function definition with () means no
+        * parameters (and not unspecified parameters) */
+       if(type->function.unspecified_parameters) {
+               type_t *duplicate = duplicate_type(type);
+               duplicate->function.unspecified_parameters = false;
+
+               type = typehash_insert(duplicate);
+               if(type != duplicate) {
+                       obstack_free(type_obst, duplicate);
+               }
+               ndeclaration->type = type;
+       }
+
+       declaration_t *declaration = record_declaration(ndeclaration);
+       if(ndeclaration != declaration) {
+               memcpy(&declaration->context, &ndeclaration->context,
+                               sizeof(declaration->context));
+       }
+       type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
+
+       /* push function parameters and switch context */
+       int         top          = environment_top();
+       context_t  *last_context = context;
+       set_context(&declaration->context);
+
+       declaration_t *parameter = declaration->context.declarations;
+       for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
+               environment_push(parameter);
+       }
+
+       if(declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
+               parser_error_multiple_definition(declaration, token.source_position);
+               eat_block();
+               goto end_of_parse_external_declaration;
+       } else {
+               /* parse function body */
+               int            label_stack_top      = label_top();
+               declaration_t *old_current_function = current_function;
+               current_function                    = declaration;
+
+               declaration->init.statement = parse_compound_statement();
+
+               assert(current_function == declaration);
+               current_function = old_current_function;
+               label_pop_to(label_stack_top);
+       }
+
+end_of_parse_external_declaration:
+       assert(context == &declaration->context);
+       set_context(last_context);
+       environment_pop_to(top);
 }
 
 static void parse_struct_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
@@ -1562,11 +2779,9 @@ static void parse_struct_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                        parse_constant_expression();
                        /* TODO (bitfields) */
                } else {
-                       declaration_t *declaration
-                               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
-                       parse_declarator(declaration, specifiers->storage_class,
-                                        specifiers->type, 1);
+                       declaration_t *declaration = parse_declarator(specifiers, true);
 
+                       /* TODO: check constraints for struct declarations */
                        /* TODO: check for doubled fields */
                        record_declaration(declaration);
 
@@ -1591,31 +2806,16 @@ static void parse_compound_type_entries(void)
        while(token.type != '}' && token.type != T_EOF) {
                declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
                memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
-               /* TODO not correct as this allows storage class stuff... but only
-                * specifiers and qualifiers sould be allowed here */
                parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
 
                parse_struct_declarators(&specifiers);
        }
        if(token.type == T_EOF) {
-               parse_error("unexpected error while parsing struct");
+               parse_error("EOF while parsing struct");
        }
        next_token();
 }
 
-static void parse_declaration(void)
-{
-       declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
-       memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
-       parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
-
-       if(token.type == ';') {
-               next_token();
-               return;
-       }
-       parse_init_declarators(&specifiers);
-}
-
 static type_t *parse_typename(void)
 {
        declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
@@ -1650,69 +2850,75 @@ struct expression_parser_function_t {
 
 expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
 
+static expression_t *create_invalid_expression(void)
+{
+       expression_t *expression         = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_INVALID);
+       expression->base.source_position = token.source_position;
+       return expression;
+}
+
 static expression_t *expected_expression_error(void)
 {
        parser_print_error_prefix();
        fprintf(stderr, "expected expression, got token ");
-       print_token(stderr, & token);
+       print_token(stderr, &token);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 
-       expression_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->type = EXPR_INVALID;
        next_token();
 
-       return expression;
+       return create_invalid_expression();
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_string_const(void)
 {
-       string_literal_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+       expression_t *cnst  = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STRING_LITERAL);
+       cnst->base.datatype = type_string;
+       cnst->string.value  = parse_string_literals();
 
-       cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_STRING_LITERAL;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_string;
-       cnst->value               = parse_string_literals();
+       return cnst;
+}
 
-       return (expression_t*) cnst;
+static expression_t *parse_wide_string_const(void)
+{
+       expression_t *const cnst = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL);
+       cnst->base.datatype      = type_wchar_t_ptr;
+       cnst->wide_string.value  = token.v.wide_string; /* TODO concatenate */
+       next_token();
+       return cnst;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_int_const(void)
 {
-       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
-
-       cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_int;
-       cnst->v.int_value         = token.v.intvalue;
+       expression_t *cnst       = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONST);
+       cnst->base.datatype      = token.datatype;
+       cnst->conste.v.int_value = token.v.intvalue;
 
        next_token();
 
-       return (expression_t*) cnst;
+       return cnst;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_float_const(void)
 {
-       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
-
-       cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
-       cnst->expression.datatype = type_double;
-       cnst->v.float_value       = token.v.floatvalue;
+       expression_t *cnst         = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONST);
+       cnst->base.datatype        = token.datatype;
+       cnst->conste.v.float_value = token.v.floatvalue;
 
        next_token();
 
-       return (expression_t*) cnst;
+       return cnst;
 }
 
 static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
                const source_position_t source_position)
 {
-       method_type_t *method_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(method_type));
-
-       method_type->type.type              = TYPE_METHOD;
-       method_type->result_type            = type_int;
-       method_type->unspecified_parameters = true;
+       type_t *ntype                          = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
+       ntype->function.return_type            = type_int;
+       ntype->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
 
-       type_t *type = typehash_insert((type_t*) method_type);
-       if(type != (type_t*) method_type) {
-               free_type(method_type);
+       type_t *type = typehash_insert(ntype);
+       if(type != ntype) {
+               free_type(ntype);
        }
 
        declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
@@ -1722,31 +2928,146 @@ static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
        declaration->symbol          = symbol;
        declaration->source_position = source_position;
 
-       /* we have to violate the environment push/pop rules here and assign
-        * the declaration directly to its symbol and append it to the
-        * global context */
+       /* prepend the implicit definition to the global context
+        * this is safe since the symbol wasn't declared as anything else yet
+        */
        assert(symbol->declaration == NULL);
-       symbol->declaration          = declaration;
-       declaration->next            = global_context->declarations;
-       global_context->declarations = declaration;
+
+       context_t *last_context = context;
+       context = global_context;
+
+       environment_push(declaration);
+       declaration->next     = context->declarations;
+       context->declarations = declaration;
+
+       context = last_context;
 
        return declaration;
 }
 
+static type_t *make_function_1_type(type_t *return_type, type_t *argument_type)
+{
+       function_parameter_t *parameter
+               = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(parameter[0]));
+       memset(parameter, 0, sizeof(parameter[0]));
+       parameter->type = argument_type;
+
+       type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
+       type->function.return_type = return_type;
+       type->function.parameters  = parameter;
+
+       type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
+       if(result != type) {
+               free_type(type);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static type_t *get_builtin_symbol_type(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       switch(symbol->ID) {
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_void_ptr, type_size_t);
+       case T___builtin_nan:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_double, type_string);
+       case T___builtin_nanf:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_float, type_string);
+       case T___builtin_nand:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_long_double, type_string);
+       case T___builtin_va_end:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_void, type_valist);
+       default:
+               panic("not implemented builtin symbol found");
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * performs automatic type cast as described in Â§ 6.3.2.1
+ */
+static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type)
+{
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(is_type_array(type)) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = &type->array;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               unsigned      qualifiers   = array_type->type.qualifiers;
+
+               return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
+       }
+
+       if(is_type_function(type)) {
+               return make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       }
+
+       return orig_type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
+ * to function-pointer types as defined Â§ 6.3.2.1
+ */
+type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if(expression->base.datatype == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       switch(expression->type) {
+       case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;
+               return ref->declaration->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_SELECT: {
+               const select_expression_t *select = &expression->select;
+               return select->compound_entry->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
+               expression_t   *value        = expression->unary.value;
+               type_t         *type         = skip_typeref(value->base.datatype);
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
+
+               return pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL: {
+               const builtin_symbol_expression_t *builtin
+                       = &expression->builtin_symbol;
+               return get_builtin_symbol_type(builtin->symbol);
+       }
+       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
+               const array_access_expression_t *array_access
+                       = &expression->array_access;
+               const expression_t *array_ref = array_access->array_ref;
+               type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(array_ref->base.datatype);
+               assert(is_type_pointer(type_left));
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type_left->pointer;
+               return pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+
+       return expression->base.datatype;
+}
+
 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
 {
-       reference_expression_t *ref = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(ref[0]));
+       expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_REFERENCE);
+
+       reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;
+       ref->symbol = token.v.symbol;
 
-       ref->expression.type = EXPR_REFERENCE;
-       ref->symbol          = token.v.symbol;
+       declaration_t *declaration = get_declaration(ref->symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
 
-       declaration_t     *declaration     = ref->symbol->declaration;
-       source_position_t  source_position = token.source_position;
+       source_position_t source_position = token.source_position;
        next_token();
 
        if(declaration == NULL) {
 #ifndef STRICT_C99
-               /* an implicitely defined function */
+               /* an implicitly defined function */
                if(token.type == '(') {
                        parser_print_prefix_pos(token.source_position);
                        fprintf(stderr, "warning: implicit declaration of function '%s'\n",
@@ -1759,30 +3080,33 @@ static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
                {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
                        fprintf(stderr, "unknown symbol '%s' found.\n", ref->symbol->string);
-                       return (expression_t*) ref;
+                       return expression;
                }
        }
 
+       type_t *type = declaration->type;
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
        ref->declaration         = declaration;
-       ref->expression.datatype = declaration->type;
+       ref->expression.datatype = type;
 
-       return (expression_t*) ref;
+       return expression;
 }
 
 static void check_cast_allowed(expression_t *expression, type_t *dest_type)
 {
        (void) expression;
        (void) dest_type;
-       /* TODO check if cast is allowed and issue warnings/errors */
+       /* TODO check if explicit cast is allowed and issue warnings/errors */
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
 {
-       unary_expression_t *cast = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cast[0]));
+       expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
 
-       cast->expression.type            = EXPR_UNARY;
-       cast->type                       = UNEXPR_CAST;
-       cast->expression.source_position = token.source_position;
+       cast->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        type_t *type  = parse_typename();
 
@@ -1791,45 +3115,51 @@ static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
 
        check_cast_allowed(value, type);
 
-       cast->expression.datatype = type;
-       cast->value               = value;
+       cast->base.datatype = type;
+       cast->unary.value   = value;
 
-       return (expression_t*) cast;
+       return cast;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
 {
-       statement_expression_t *expression
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->expression.type = EXPR_STATEMENT;
-       expression->statement       = parse_compound_statement();
+       expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STATEMENT);
+
+       statement_t *statement          = parse_compound_statement();
+       expression->statement.statement = statement;
+       if(statement == NULL) {
+               expect(')');
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       assert(statement->type == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
+       compound_statement_t *compound_statement = &statement->compound;
 
        /* find last statement and use it's type */
        const statement_t *last_statement = NULL;
-       const statement_t *statement      = expression->statement;
-       for( ; statement != NULL; statement = statement->next) {
-               last_statement = statement;
+       const statement_t *iter           = compound_statement->statements;
+       for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
+               last_statement = iter;
        }
 
        if(last_statement->type == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
-               const expression_statement_t *expression_statement =
-                       (const expression_statement_t*) last_statement;
-               expression->expression.datatype
-                       = expression_statement->expression->datatype;
+               const expression_statement_t *expression_statement
+                       = &last_statement->expression;
+               expression->base.datatype
+                       = expression_statement->expression->base.datatype;
        } else {
-               expression->expression.datatype = type_void;
+               expression->base.datatype = type_void;
        }
 
        expect(')');
 
-       return (expression_t*) expression;
+       return expression;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_brace_expression(void)
 {
        eat('(');
 
-       declaration_t *declaration;
        switch(token.type) {
        case '{':
                /* gcc extension: a stement expression */
@@ -1839,9 +3169,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_brace_expression(void)
        TYPE_SPECIFIERS
                return parse_cast();
        case T_IDENTIFIER:
-               declaration = token.v.symbol->declaration;
-               if(declaration != NULL &&
-                               (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)) {
+               if(is_typedef_symbol(token.v.symbol)) {
                        return parse_cast();
                }
        }
@@ -1854,10 +3182,16 @@ static expression_t *parse_brace_expression(void)
 
 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(void)
 {
-       eat(T___FUNCTION__);
+       next_token();
        /* TODO */
 
-       string_literal_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+       if (current_function == NULL) {
+               parse_error("'__func__' used outside of a function");
+       }
+
+       string_literal_expression_t *expression
+               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+
        expression->expression.type     = EXPR_FUNCTION;
        expression->expression.datatype = type_string;
        expression->value               = "TODO: FUNCTION";
@@ -1870,7 +3204,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_pretty_function_keyword(void)
        eat(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        /* TODO */
 
-       string_literal_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+       string_literal_expression_t *expression
+               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+
        expression->expression.type     = EXPR_PRETTY_FUNCTION;
        expression->expression.datatype = type_string;
        expression->value               = "TODO: PRETTY FUNCTION";
@@ -1878,32 +3214,31 @@ static expression_t *parse_pretty_function_keyword(void)
        return (expression_t*) expression;
 }
 
-static member_designator_t *parse_member_designators(void)
+static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
 {
-       member_designator_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
+       designator_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
 
        if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing member designator",
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing member designator",
                                     T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
-               eat_brace();
+               eat_paren();
                return NULL;
        }
        result->symbol = token.v.symbol;
        next_token();
 
-       member_designator_t *last_designator = result;
+       designator_t *last_designator = result;
        while(true) {
                if(token.type == '.') {
                        next_token();
                        if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-                               parse_error_expected("problem while parsing member designator",
-                                       T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
-                               eat_brace();
+                               parse_error_expected("while parsing member designator",
+                                                    T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                               eat_paren();
                                return NULL;
                        }
-                       member_designator_t *designator
-                               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-                       designator->symbol = token.v.symbol;
+                       designator_t *designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
+                       designator->symbol       = token.v.symbol;
                        next_token();
 
                        last_designator->next = designator;
@@ -1912,11 +3247,10 @@ static member_designator_t *parse_member_designators(void)
                }
                if(token.type == '[') {
                        next_token();
-                       member_designator_t *designator
-                               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
+                       designator_t *designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
                        designator->array_access = parse_expression();
                        if(designator->array_access == NULL) {
-                               eat_brace();
+                               eat_paren();
                                return NULL;
                        }
                        expect(']');
@@ -1935,49 +3269,125 @@ static expression_t *parse_offsetof(void)
 {
        eat(T___builtin_offsetof);
 
-       offsetof_expression_t *expression
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->expression.type     = EXPR_OFFSETOF;
-       expression->expression.datatype = type_size_t;
+       expression_t *expression  = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_OFFSETOF);
+       expression->base.datatype = type_size_t;
 
        expect('(');
-       expression->type = parse_typename();
+       expression->offsetofe.type = parse_typename();
        expect(',');
-       expression->member_designators = parse_member_designators();
+       expression->offsetofe.designator = parse_designator();
        expect(')');
 
-       return (expression_t*) expression;
+       return expression;
+}
+
+static expression_t *parse_va_start(void)
+{
+       eat(T___builtin_va_start);
+
+       expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_START);
+
+       expect('(');
+       expression->va_starte.ap = parse_assignment_expression();
+       expect(',');
+       expression_t *const expr = parse_assignment_expression();
+       if (expr->type == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               declaration_t *const decl = expr->reference.declaration;
+               if (decl->parent_context == &current_function->context &&
+                   decl->next == NULL) {
+                       expression->va_starte.parameter = decl;
+                       expect(')');
+                       return expression;
+               }
+       }
+       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(expr->base.source_position);
+       fprintf(stderr, "second argument of 'va_start' must be last parameter "
+                       "of the current function\n");
+
+       return create_invalid_expression();
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_va_arg(void)
 {
        eat(T___builtin_va_arg);
 
-       va_arg_expression_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->expression.type     = EXPR_VA_ARG;
+       expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_ARG);
 
        expect('(');
-       expression->arg = parse_assignment_expression();
+       expression->va_arge.ap = parse_assignment_expression();
        expect(',');
-       expression->expression.datatype = parse_typename();
+       expression->base.datatype = parse_typename();
        expect(')');
 
-       return (expression_t*) expression;
+       return expression;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_builtin_symbol(void)
 {
-       builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->expression.type = EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL;
+       expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL);
+
+       symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
 
-       /* TODO: set datatype */
+       expression->builtin_symbol.symbol = symbol;
+       next_token();
 
-       expression->symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       type_t *type = get_builtin_symbol_type(symbol);
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
 
+       expression->base.datatype = type;
+       return expression;
+}
+
+static expression_t *parse_compare_builtin(void)
+{
+       expression_t *expression;
+
+       switch(token.type) {
+       case T___builtin_isgreater:
+               expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER);
+               break;
+       case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
+               expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL);
+               break;
+       case T___builtin_isless:
+               expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS);
+               break;
+       case T___builtin_islessequal:
+               expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL);
+               break;
+       case T___builtin_islessgreater:
+               expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER);
+               break;
+       case T___builtin_isunordered:
+               expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED);
+               break;
+       default:
+               panic("invalid compare builtin found");
+               break;
+       }
        next_token();
 
-       return (expression_t*) expression;
+       expect('(');
+       expression->binary.left = parse_assignment_expression();
+       expect(',');
+       expression->binary.right = parse_assignment_expression();
+       expect(')');
+
+       type_t *orig_type_left  = expression->binary.left->base.datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type_right = expression->binary.right->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return expression;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+       if(!is_type_floating(type_left) && !is_type_floating(type_right)) {
+               type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
+                                       token.source_position, type_left, type_right);
+       } else {
+               semantic_comparison(&expression->binary);
+       }
+
+       return expression;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
@@ -1987,22 +3397,35 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
                return parse_int_const();
        case T_FLOATINGPOINT:
                return parse_float_const();
-       case T_STRING_LITERAL:
+       case T_STRING_LITERAL: /* TODO merge */
                return parse_string_const();
+       case T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
+               return parse_wide_string_const();
        case T_IDENTIFIER:
                return parse_reference();
        case T___FUNCTION__:
+       case T___func__:
                return parse_function_keyword();
        case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__:
                return parse_pretty_function_keyword();
        case T___builtin_offsetof:
                return parse_offsetof();
+       case T___builtin_va_start:
+               return parse_va_start();
        case T___builtin_va_arg:
                return parse_va_arg();
+       case T___builtin_nanf:
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
        case T___builtin_expect:
-       case T___builtin_va_start:
        case T___builtin_va_end:
                return parse_builtin_symbol();
+       case T___builtin_isgreater:
+       case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
+       case T___builtin_isless:
+       case T___builtin_islessequal:
+       case T___builtin_islessgreater:
+       case T___builtin_isunordered:
+               return parse_compare_builtin();
 
        case '(':
                return parse_brace_expression();
@@ -2014,38 +3437,53 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        eat_statement();
 
-       expression_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->type     = EXPR_INVALID;
-       expression->datatype = type_void;
-
-       return expression;
+       return create_invalid_expression();
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                            expression_t *array_ref)
+                                            expression_t *left)
 {
        (void) precedence;
 
        eat('[');
 
+       expression_t *inside = parse_expression();
+
        array_access_expression_t *array_access
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(array_access[0]));
 
-       array_access->expression.type     = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
-       array_access->array_ref           = array_ref;
-       array_access->index               = parse_expression();
-
-       type_t *array_type = array_ref->datatype;
-       if(array_type != NULL) {
-               if(array_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer           = (pointer_type_t*) array_type;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = pointer->points_to;
+       array_access->expression.type = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
+
+       type_t *type_left   = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t *type_inside = inside->base.datatype;
+       type_t *return_type = NULL;
+
+       if(type_left != NULL && type_inside != NULL) {
+               type_left   = skip_typeref(type_left);
+               type_inside = skip_typeref(type_inside);
+
+               if(is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = &type_left->pointer;
+                       return_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = left;
+                       array_access->index     = inside;
+               } else if(is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = &type_inside->pointer;
+                       return_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = inside;
+                       array_access->index     = left;
+                       array_access->flipped   = true;
                } else {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer type ");
-                       print_type(array_type);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer types ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_inside);
                        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                }
+       } else {
+               array_access->array_ref = left;
+               array_access->index     = inside;
        }
 
        if(token.type != ']') {
@@ -2054,33 +3492,10 @@ static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
        }
        next_token();
 
-       return (expression_t*) array_access;
-}
+       return_type = automatic_type_conversion(return_type);
+       array_access->expression.datatype = return_type;
 
-static bool is_declaration_specifier(const token_t *token,
-                                     bool only_type_specifiers)
-{
-       declaration_t *declaration;
-
-       switch(token->type) {
-               TYPE_SPECIFIERS
-                       return 1;
-               case T_IDENTIFIER:
-                       declaration = token->v.symbol->declaration;
-                       if(declaration == NULL)
-                               return 0;
-                       if(declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
-                               return 0;
-                       return 1;
-               STORAGE_CLASSES
-               TYPE_QUALIFIERS
-                       if(only_type_specifiers)
-                               return 0;
-                       return 1;
-
-               default:
-                       return 0;
-       }
+       return (expression_t*) array_access;
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_sizeof(unsigned precedence)
@@ -2097,283 +3512,896 @@ static expression_t *parse_sizeof(unsigned precedence)
                sizeof_expression->type = parse_typename();
                expect(')');
        } else {
-               expression_t *expression           = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
-               sizeof_expression->type            = expression->datatype;
+               expression_t *expression  = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+               expression->base.datatype = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
+
+               sizeof_expression->type            = expression->base.datatype;
                sizeof_expression->size_expression = expression;
        }
 
        return (expression_t*) sizeof_expression;
 }
 
-static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                             expression_t *compound)
+static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
+                                             expression_t *compound)
+{
+       (void) precedence;
+       assert(token.type == '.' || token.type == T_MINUSGREATER);
+
+       bool is_pointer = (token.type == T_MINUSGREATER);
+       next_token();
+
+       expression_t *select    = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_SELECT);
+       select->select.compound = compound;
+
+       if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing select", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+               return select;
+       }
+       symbol_t *symbol      = token.v.symbol;
+       select->select.symbol = symbol;
+       next_token();
+
+       type_t *orig_type = compound->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return create_invalid_expression();
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+       type_t *type_left = type;
+       if(is_pointer) {
+               if(type->type != TYPE_POINTER) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but ");
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+                       fputc('\n', stderr);
+                       return create_invalid_expression();
+               }
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
+               type_left                    = pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+       type_left = skip_typeref(type_left);
+
+       if(type_left->type != TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
+                       && type_left->type != TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "request for member '%s' in something not a struct or "
+                       "union, but ", symbol->string);
+               print_type_quoted(type_left);
+               fputc('\n', stderr);
+               return create_invalid_expression();
+       }
+
+       compound_type_t *compound_type = &type_left->compound;
+       declaration_t   *declaration   = compound_type->declaration;
+
+       if(!declaration->init.is_defined) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "request for member '%s' of incomplete type ",
+                       symbol->string);
+               print_type_quoted(type_left);
+               fputc('\n', stderr);
+               return create_invalid_expression();
+       }
+
+       declaration_t *iter = declaration->context.declarations;
+       for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+               if(iter->symbol == symbol) {
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if(iter == NULL) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               print_type_quoted(type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has no member named '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+               return create_invalid_expression();
+       }
+
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type_t *expression_type = automatic_type_conversion(iter->type);
+
+       select->select.compound_entry = iter;
+       select->base.datatype         = expression_type;
+       return select;
+}
+
+static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
+                                           expression_t *expression)
+{
+       (void) precedence;
+       expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
+
+       call_expression_t *call  = &result->call;
+       call->function           = expression;
+
+       function_type_t *function_type = NULL;
+       type_t          *orig_type     = expression->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type != NULL) {
+               type_t *type  = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+
+               if(is_type_pointer(type)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
+
+                       type = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
+
+                       if (is_type_function(type)) {
+                               function_type             = &type->function;
+                               call->expression.datatype = function_type->return_type;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(function_type == NULL) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fputs("called object '", stderr);
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fputs("' (type ", stderr);
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+                       fputs(") is not a pointer to a function\n", stderr);
+
+                       function_type             = NULL;
+                       call->expression.datatype = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* parse arguments */
+       eat('(');
+
+       if(token.type != ')') {
+               call_argument_t *last_argument = NULL;
+
+               while(true) {
+                       call_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(argument[0]));
+
+                       argument->expression = parse_assignment_expression();
+                       if(last_argument == NULL) {
+                               call->arguments = argument;
+                       } else {
+                               last_argument->next = argument;
+                       }
+                       last_argument = argument;
+
+                       if(token.type != ',')
+                               break;
+                       next_token();
+               }
+       }
+       expect(')');
+
+       if(function_type != NULL) {
+               function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
+               call_argument_t      *argument  = call->arguments;
+               for( ; parameter != NULL && argument != NULL;
+                               parameter = parameter->next, argument = argument->next) {
+                       type_t *expected_type = parameter->type;
+                       /* TODO report context in error messages */
+                       argument->expression = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression,
+                                                                   expected_type);
+               }
+               /* too few parameters */
+               if(parameter != NULL) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "too few arguments to function '");
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "'\n");
+               } else if(argument != NULL) {
+                       /* too many parameters */
+                       if(!function_type->variadic
+                                       && !function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+                               parser_print_error_prefix();
+                               fprintf(stderr, "too many arguments to function '");
+                               print_expression(expression);
+                               fprintf(stderr, "'\n");
+                       } else {
+                               /* do default promotion */
+                               for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+                                       type_t *type = argument->expression->base.datatype;
+
+                                       if(type == NULL)
+                                               continue;
+
+                                       type = skip_typeref(type);
+                                       if(is_type_integer(type)) {
+                                               type = promote_integer(type);
+                                       } else if(type == type_float) {
+                                               type = type_double;
+                                       }
+
+                                       argument->expression
+                                               = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, type);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
+
+static bool same_compound_type(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
+{
+       if(!is_type_compound(type1))
+               return false;
+       if(type1->type != type2->type)
+               return false;
+
+       const compound_type_t *compound1 = &type1->compound;
+       const compound_type_t *compound2 = &type2->compound;
+
+       return compound1->declaration == compound2->declaration;
+}
+
+static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
+                                                  expression_t *expression)
+{
+       eat('?');
+
+       expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONDITIONAL);
+
+       conditional_expression_t *conditional = &result->conditional;
+       conditional->condition = expression;
+
+       /* 6.5.15.2 */
+       type_t *condition_type_orig = expression->base.datatype;
+       if(condition_type_orig != NULL) {
+               type_t *condition_type = skip_typeref(condition_type_orig);
+               if(condition_type != NULL && !is_type_scalar(condition_type)) {
+                       type_error("expected a scalar type in conditional condition",
+                                  expression->base.source_position, condition_type_orig);
+               }
+       }
+
+       expression_t *true_expression = parse_expression();
+       expect(':');
+       expression_t *false_expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+
+       conditional->true_expression  = true_expression;
+       conditional->false_expression = false_expression;
+
+       type_t *orig_true_type  = true_expression->base.datatype;
+       type_t *orig_false_type = false_expression->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_true_type == NULL || orig_false_type == NULL)
+               return result;
+
+       type_t *true_type  = skip_typeref(orig_true_type);
+       type_t *false_type = skip_typeref(orig_false_type);
+
+       /* 6.5.15.3 */
+       type_t *result_type = NULL;
+       if (is_type_arithmetic(true_type) && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
+               result_type = semantic_arithmetic(true_type, false_type);
+
+               true_expression  = create_implicit_cast(true_expression, result_type);
+               false_expression = create_implicit_cast(false_expression, result_type);
+
+               conditional->true_expression     = true_expression;
+               conditional->false_expression    = false_expression;
+               conditional->expression.datatype = result_type;
+       } else if (same_compound_type(true_type, false_type)
+                       || (is_type_atomic(true_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID) &&
+                               is_type_atomic(false_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID))) {
+               /* just take 1 of the 2 types */
+               result_type = true_type;
+       } else if (is_type_pointer(true_type) && is_type_pointer(false_type)
+                       && pointers_compatible(true_type, false_type)) {
+               /* ok */
+               result_type = true_type;
+       } else {
+               /* TODO */
+               type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional",
+                                       expression->base.source_position, true_type,
+                                       false_type);
+       }
+
+       conditional->expression.datatype = result_type;
+       return result;
+}
+
+static expression_t *parse_extension(unsigned precedence)
+{
+       eat(T___extension__);
+
+       /* TODO enable extensions */
+
+       return parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+}
+
+static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(const unsigned precedence)
+{
+       eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
+
+       expression_t *result  = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE);
+       result->base.datatype = type_int;
+
+       expect('(');
+       expression_t *expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       expect(')');
+       result->classify_type.type_expression = expression;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type) && type->type != TYPE_POINTER) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs an arithmetic or pointer type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs an arithmetic type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_unexpr_scalar(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (!is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               parse_error("operand of ! must be of scalar type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
+               parse_error("operand of ~ must be of integer type\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if(!is_type_pointer(type)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fputs("Unary '*' needs pointer or arrray type, but type ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+               fputs(" given.\n", stderr);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
+       type_t         *result_type  = pointer_type->points_to;
+
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = result_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *value  = expression->value;
+       value->base.datatype = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
+
+       type_t *orig_type = value->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       if(value->type == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               reference_expression_t *reference   = (reference_expression_t*) value;
+               declaration_t          *declaration = reference->declaration;
+               if(declaration != NULL) {
+                       declaration->address_taken = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+}
+
+#define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, sfunc)   \
+static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence)            \
+{                                                                              \
+       eat(token_type);                                                           \
+                                                                               \
+       expression_t *unary_expression                                             \
+               = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type);                         \
+       unary_expression->unary.value = parse_sub_expression(precedence);          \
+                                                                                  \
+       sfunc(&unary_expression->unary);                                           \
+                                                                               \
+       return unary_expression;                                                   \
+}
+
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE,
+                               semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', EXPR_UNARY_PLUS,
+                               semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', EXPR_UNARY_NOT,
+                               semantic_unexpr_scalar)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE,
+                               semantic_dereference)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS,
+                               semantic_take_addr)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE,
+                               semantic_unexpr_integer)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,   EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
+                               semantic_incdec)
+CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
+                               semantic_incdec)
+
+#define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, \
+                                               sfunc)                         \
+static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence,           \
+                                               expression_t *left)            \
+{                                                                             \
+       (void) precedence;                                                        \
+       eat(token_type);                                                          \
+                                                                              \
+       expression_t *unary_expression                                            \
+               = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type);                        \
+       unary_expression->unary.value = left;                                     \
+                                                                                 \
+       sfunc(&unary_expression->unary);                                          \
+                                                                              \
+       return unary_expression;                                                  \
+}
+
+CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,
+                                       EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
+                                       semantic_incdec)
+CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS,
+                                       EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
+                                       semantic_incdec)
+
+static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
+{
+       /* TODO: handle complex + imaginary types */
+
+       /* Â§ 6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions */
+       if(type_left == type_long_double || type_right == type_long_double) {
+               return type_long_double;
+       } else if(type_left == type_double || type_right == type_double) {
+               return type_double;
+       } else if(type_left == type_float || type_right == type_float) {
+               return type_float;
+       }
+
+       type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
+       type_left  = promote_integer(type_left);
+
+       if(type_left == type_right)
+               return type_left;
+
+       bool signed_left  = is_type_signed(type_left);
+       bool signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
+       int  rank_left    = get_rank(type_left);
+       int  rank_right   = get_rank(type_right);
+       if(rank_left < rank_right) {
+               if(signed_left == signed_right || !signed_right) {
+                       return type_right;
+               } else {
+                       return type_left;
+               }
+       } else {
+               if(signed_left == signed_right || !signed_left) {
+                       return type_left;
+               } else {
+                       return type_right;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left       = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right      = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs arithmetic types\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+       expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+       expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+}
+
+static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left       = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right      = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if(!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs integer types\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       type_left  = promote_integer(type_left);
+       type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
+
+       expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, type_left);
+       expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_right);
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+}
+
+static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       /* Â§ 5.6.5 */
+       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+               return;
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_right;
+       } else {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "invalid operands to binary + (");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+       }
+}
+
+static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t       *type_left       = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t       *type_right      = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       /* Â§ 5.6.5 */
+       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+               return;
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               if(!pointers_compatible(type_left, type_right)) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "pointers to incompatible objects to binary - (");
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+                       fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+               } else {
+                       expression->expression.datatype = type_ptrdiff_t;
+               }
+       } else {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "invalid operands to binary - (");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+       }
+}
+
+static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
+
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       /* TODO non-arithmetic types */
+       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->left  = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
+       } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO check compatibility */
+       } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_left);
+       } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
+       } else {
+               type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
+                                       token.source_position, type_left, type_right);
+       }
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
+}
+
+static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       (void) precedence;
-
-       assert(token.type == '.' || token.type == T_MINUSGREATER);
-       next_token();
-
-       select_expression_t *select = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(select[0]));
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
-       select->expression.type = EXPR_SELECT;
-       select->compound        = compound;
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
 
-       /* TODO: datatype */
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
 
-       if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               parse_error_expected("Problem while parsing select", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
-               return (expression_t*) select;
+       if(!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs arithmetic types\n");
+               return;
        }
-       select->symbol = token.v.symbol;
-       next_token();
 
-       return (expression_t*) select;
+       /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
+        * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
+        * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
+        * for the arithmeitc operation and create a cast by itself */
+       type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+       expression->right       = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
 }
 
-static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                           expression_t *expression)
+static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       (void) precedence;
-       call_expression_t *call = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(call[0]));
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
-       call->expression.type     = EXPR_CALL;
-       call->method              = expression;
-
-       /* parse arguments */
-       eat('(');
-
-       if(token.type != ')') {
-               call_argument_t *last_argument = NULL;
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
 
-               while(true) {
-                       call_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(argument[0]));
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
+
+       if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
+               /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
+                * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
+                * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
+                * for the arithmeitc operation and create a cast by itself */
+               type_t *const arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
+               expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+               expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       } else {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fputs("Incompatible types ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fputs(" and ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_right);
+               fputs(" in assignment\n", stderr);
+               return;
+       }
+}
 
-                       argument->expression = parse_assignment_expression();
-                       if(last_argument == NULL) {
-                               call->arguments = argument;
-                       } else {
-                               last_argument->next = argument;
-                       }
-                       last_argument = argument;
+static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       expression_t *left            = expression->left;
+       expression_t *right           = expression->right;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
-                       if(token.type != ',')
-                               break;
-                       next_token();
-               }
-       }
-       expect(')');
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
+               return;
 
-       type_t *type = expression->datatype;
-       if(type != NULL) {
-               /* we can call pointer to function */
-               if(type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer = (pointer_type_t*) type;
-                       type = pointer->points_to;
-               }
+       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
 
-               if(type == NULL || type->type != TYPE_METHOD) {
-                       parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fprintf(stderr, "expected a method type for call but found type ");
-                       print_type(expression->datatype);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-               } else {
-                       method_type_t *method_type = (method_type_t*) type;
-                       call->expression.datatype  = method_type->result_type;
-               }
+       if (!is_type_scalar(type_left) || !is_type_scalar(type_right)) {
+               /* TODO: improve error message */
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "operation needs scalar types\n");
+               return;
        }
 
-       return (expression_t*) call;
-}
-
-static void type_error(const char *msg, const source_position_t source_position,
-                       const type_t *type)
-{
-       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "%s, but found type ", msg);
-       print_type(type);
-       fputc('\n', stderr);
-       error();
+       expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
 }
 
-static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
-               const source_position_t source_position, const type_t *type1,
-               const type_t *type2)
+static bool has_const_fields(type_t *type)
 {
-       parser_print_error_prefix_pos(source_position);
-       fprintf(stderr, "%s, incompatible types: ", msg);
-       print_type(type1);
-       fprintf(stderr, " - ");
-       print_type(type2);
-       fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
-       error();
+       (void) type;
+       /* TODO */
+       return false;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_type_after_conversion(const type_t *type1,
-                                         const type_t *type2)
+static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       /* TODO... */
-       (void) type2;
-       return (type_t*) type1;
-}
+       expression_t *left           = expression->left;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left = left->base.datatype;
 
-static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                                  expression_t *expression)
-{
-       eat('?');
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL)
+               return;
 
-       conditional_expression_t *conditional
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(conditional[0]));
-       conditional->expression.type = EXPR_CONDITIONAL;
-       conditional->condition = expression;
+       type_t *type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
+       type_left         = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
 
-       /* 6.5.15.2 */
-       type_t *condition_type = conditional->condition->datatype;
-       if(condition_type != NULL) {
-               if(!is_type_scalar(condition_type)) {
-                       type_error("expected a scalar type", expression->source_position,
-                                  condition_type);
-               }
+       /* must be a modifiable lvalue */
+       if (is_type_array(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "Cannot assign to arrays ('");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "')\n");
+               return;
        }
-
-       conditional->true_expression = parse_expression();
-       expect(':');
-       conditional->false_expression = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
-
-       type_t *true_type  = conditional->true_expression->datatype;
-       if(true_type == NULL)
-               return (expression_t*) conditional;
-       type_t *false_type = conditional->false_expression->datatype;
-       if(false_type == NULL)
-               return (expression_t*) conditional;
-
-       /* 6.4.15.3 */
-       if(true_type == false_type) {
-               conditional->expression.datatype = true_type;
-       } else if(is_type_arithmetic(true_type) && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
-               type_t *result = get_type_after_conversion(true_type, false_type);
-               /* TODO: create implicit convs if necessary */
-               conditional->expression.datatype = result;
-       } else if(true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
-                 false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER &&
-                         true /* TODO compatible points_to types */) {
-               /* TODO */
-       } else if(/* (is_null_ptr_const(true_type) && false_type->type == TYPE_POINTER)
-              || (is_null_ptr_const(false_type) &&
-                  true_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) TODO*/ false) {
-               /* TODO */
-       } else if(/* 1 is pointer to object type, other is void* */ false) {
-               /* TODO */
-       } else {
-               type_error_incompatible("problem while parsing conditional",
-                                       expression->source_position, true_type,
-                                       false_type);
+       if(type_left->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "assignment to readonly location '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' (type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+               return;
        }
+       if(is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "left-hand side of assignment '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' has incomplete type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "can't assign to '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' because compound type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has readonly fields\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       semantic_assign(orig_type_left, &expression->right, "assignment");
 
-       return (expression_t*) conditional;
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type_left;
 }
 
-static expression_t *parse_extension(unsigned precedence)
+static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       eat(T___extension__);
-
-       /* TODO enable extensions */
-
-       return parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+       expression->expression.datatype = expression->right->base.datatype;
 }
 
-#define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type)     \
-static                                                                    \
-expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence)              \
+#define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_type, binexpression_type, sfunc, lr)  \
+static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(unsigned precedence,      \
+                                                expression_t *left)       \
 {                                                                         \
        eat(token_type);                                                      \
                                                                           \
-       unary_expression_t *unary_expression                                  \
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unary_expression[0]));                 \
-       unary_expression->expression.type = EXPR_UNARY;                       \
-       unary_expression->type            = unexpression_type;                \
-       unary_expression->value           = parse_sub_expression(precedence); \
+       expression_t *right = parse_sub_expression(precedence + lr);          \
                                                                           \
-       return (expression_t*) unary_expression;                              \
-}
-
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', UNEXPR_NEGATE)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', UNEXPR_PLUS)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', UNEXPR_NOT)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', UNEXPR_TAKE_ADDRESS)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', UNEXPR_BITWISE_NEGATE)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,   UNEXPR_PREFIX_INCREMENT)
-CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, UNEXPR_PREFIX_DECREMENT)
-
-#define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type) \
-static                                                                        \
-expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(unsigned precedence,                  \
-                                        expression_t *left)                   \
-{                                                                             \
-       (void) precedence;                                                        \
-       eat(token_type);                                                          \
-                                                                              \
-       unary_expression_t *unary_expression                                      \
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unary_expression[0]));                     \
-       unary_expression->expression.type = EXPR_UNARY;                           \
-       unary_expression->type            = unexpression_type;                    \
-       unary_expression->value           = left;                                 \
-                                                                              \
-       return (expression_t*) unary_expression;                                  \
-}
-
-CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,   UNEXPR_POSTFIX_INCREMENT)
-CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, UNEXPR_POSTFIX_DECREMENT)
-
-#define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_type, binexpression_type)    \
-static                                                           \
-expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(unsigned precedence,    \
-                                         expression_t *left)     \
-{                                                                \
-       eat(token_type);                                             \
-                                                                 \
-       expression_t *right = parse_sub_expression(precedence);      \
-                                                                 \
-       binary_expression_t *binexpr                                 \
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(binexpr[0]));                 \
-       binexpr->expression.type = EXPR_BINARY;                      \
-       binexpr->type            = binexpression_type;               \
-       binexpr->left            = left;                             \
-       binexpr->right           = right;                            \
-                                                                 \
-       return (expression_t*) binexpr;                              \
-}
-
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', BINEXPR_COMMA)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', BINEXPR_MUL)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', BINEXPR_DIV)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', BINEXPR_MOD)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', BINEXPR_ADD)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', BINEXPR_SUB)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', BINEXPR_LESS)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', BINEXPR_GREATER)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', BINEXPR_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, BINEXPR_EQUAL)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, BINEXPR_NOTEQUAL)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, BINEXPR_LESSEQUAL)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL, BINEXPR_GREATEREQUAL)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_AND)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, BINEXPR_LOGICAL_OR)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, BINEXPR_ADD_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, BINEXPR_SUB_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, BINEXPR_MUL_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, BINEXPR_DIV_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, BINEXPR_MOD_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN)
-CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN)
+       expression_t *binexpr = allocate_expression_zero(binexpression_type); \
+       binexpr->binary.left  = left;                                         \
+       binexpr->binary.right = right;                                        \
+       sfunc(&binexpr->binary);                                              \
+                                                                          \
+       return binexpr;                                                       \
+}
+
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', EXPR_BINARY_COMMA,    semantic_comma, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', EXPR_BINARY_MUL,      semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', EXPR_BINARY_DIV,      semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', EXPR_BINARY_MOD,      semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', EXPR_BINARY_ADD,      semantic_add, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', EXPR_BINARY_SUB,      semantic_sub, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', EXPR_BINARY_LESS,     semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', EXPR_BINARY_GREATER,  semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN,   semantic_binexpr_assign, 0)
+
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL,           EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL,
+                      semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL,
+                      semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL,            EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL,
+                      semantic_comparison, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL,         EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL,
+                      semantic_comparison, 1)
+
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND,
+                      semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR,
+                      semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR,
+                      semantic_binexpr_arithmetic, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND,
+                      semantic_logical_op, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR,
+                      semantic_logical_op, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT,
+                      semantic_shift_op, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT,
+                      semantic_shift_op, 1)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
+CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN,
+                      semantic_arithmetic_assign, 0)
 
 static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
 {
@@ -2392,7 +4420,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
                left = parse_primary_expression();
        }
        assert(left != NULL);
-       left->source_position = source_position;
+       left->base.source_position = source_position;
 
        while(true) {
                if(token.type < 0) {
@@ -2408,8 +4436,8 @@ static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
                left = parser->infix_parser(parser->infix_precedence, left);
 
                assert(left != NULL);
-               assert(left->type != EXPR_INVALID);
-               left->source_position = source_position;
+               assert(left->type != EXPR_UNKNOWN);
+               left->base.source_position = source_position;
        }
 
        return left;
@@ -2422,14 +4450,14 @@ static expression_t *parse_expression(void)
 
 
 
-void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
-                                int token_type, unsigned precedence)
+static void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
+                                       int token_type, unsigned precedence)
 {
        expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_type];
 
        if(entry->parser != NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "for token ");
-               print_token_type(stderr, token_type);
+               print_token_type(stderr, (token_type_t) token_type);
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                panic("trying to register multiple expression parsers for a token");
        }
@@ -2437,14 +4465,14 @@ void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
        entry->precedence = precedence;
 }
 
-void register_expression_infix_parser(parse_expression_infix_function parser,
-                                      int token_type, unsigned precedence)
+static void register_infix_parser(parse_expression_infix_function parser,
+               int token_type, unsigned precedence)
 {
        expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_type];
 
        if(entry->infix_parser != NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "for token ");
-               print_token_type(stderr, token_type);
+               print_token_type(stderr, (token_type_t) token_type);
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                panic("trying to register multiple infix expression parsers for a "
                      "token");
@@ -2457,108 +4485,260 @@ static void init_expression_parsers(void)
 {
        memset(&expression_parsers, 0, sizeof(expression_parsers));
 
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_MUL,         '*',        16);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_DIV,         '/',        16);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_MOD,         '%',        16);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT,   T_LESSLESS, 16);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT,
-                                                             T_GREATERGREATER, 16);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_ADD,         '+',        15);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_SUB,         '-',        15);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_LESS,        '<',        14);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_GREATER,     '>',        14);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_LESSEQUAL, T_LESSEQUAL,  14);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_GREATEREQUAL,
-                                                               T_GREATEREQUAL, 14);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_EQUAL,     T_EQUALEQUAL, 13);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_NOTEQUAL,
-                                                       T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, 13);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND, '&',        12);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR, '^',        11);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR,  '|',        10);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_LOGICAL_AND, T_ANDAND,    9);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_LOGICAL_OR,  T_PIPEPIPE,  8);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_conditional_expression, '?',      7);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_ASSIGN,      '=',         2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_ADD_ASSIGN, T_PLUSEQUAL,  2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_SUB_ASSIGN, T_MINUSEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_MUL_ASSIGN,
-                                                               T_ASTERISKEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_DIV_ASSIGN, T_SLASHEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_MOD_ASSIGN,
-                                                                T_PERCENTEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN,
+       register_infix_parser(parse_array_expression,         '[',              30);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_call_expression,          '(',              30);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression,        '.',              30);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression,        T_MINUSGREATER,   30);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
+                                                             T_PLUSPLUS,       30);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
+                                                             T_MINUSMINUS,     30);
+
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL,          '*',              16);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV,          '/',              16);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD,          '%',              16);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT,    T_LESSLESS,       16);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT,   T_GREATERGREATER, 16);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD,          '+',              15);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB,          '-',              15);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESS,         '<',              14);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATER,      '>',              14);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL,    T_LESSEQUAL,      14);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, T_GREATEREQUAL,   14);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL,        T_EQUALEQUAL,     13);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL,
+                                                    T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, 13);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND,  '&',              12);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR,  '^',              11);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR,   '|',              10);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND,  T_ANDAND,          9);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR,   T_PIPEPIPE,        8);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_conditional_expression,   '?',               7);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN,       '=',               2);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN,   T_PLUSEQUAL,       2);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN,   T_MINUSEQUAL,      2);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN,   T_ASTERISKEQUAL,   2);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN,   T_SLASHEQUAL,      2);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN,   T_PERCENTEQUAL,    2);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN,
                                                                T_LESSLESSEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN,
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN,
                                                          T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN,
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN,
                                                                     T_ANDEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN,
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN,
                                                                    T_PIPEEQUAL, 2);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN,
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN,
                                                                   T_CARETEQUAL, 2);
 
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_BINEXPR_COMMA,       ',',         1);
-
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_array_expression,        '[',    30);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_call_expression,         '(',    30);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_select_expression,       '.',    30);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_select_expression,
-                                                               T_MINUSGREATER, 30);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_UNEXPR_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
-                                        T_PLUSPLUS, 30);
-       register_expression_infix_parser(parse_UNEXPR_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
-                                        T_MINUSMINUS, 30);
-
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_NEGATE,           '-',          25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_PLUS,             '+',          25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_NOT,              '!',          25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_BITWISE_NEGATE,   '~',          25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE,      '*',          25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_TAKE_ADDRESS,     '&',          25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_PREFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS,   25);
-       register_expression_parser(parse_UNEXPR_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, 25);
+       register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_COMMA,        ',',               1);
+
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE,           '-',      25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PLUS,             '+',      25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NOT,              '!',      25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE,   '~',      25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE,      '*',      25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS,     '&',      25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
+                                                                 T_PLUSPLUS,   25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
+                                                                 T_MINUSMINUS, 25);
        register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof,                  T_sizeof,     25);
        register_expression_parser(parse_extension,            T___extension__, 25);
+       register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type,
+                                                    T___builtin_classify_type, 25);
+}
+
+static asm_constraint_t *parse_asm_constraints(void)
+{
+       asm_constraint_t *result = NULL;
+       asm_constraint_t *last   = NULL;
+
+       while(token.type == T_STRING_LITERAL || token.type == '[') {
+               asm_constraint_t *constraint = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(constraint[0]));
+               memset(constraint, 0, sizeof(constraint[0]));
+
+               if(token.type == '[') {
+                       eat('[');
+                       if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
+                               parse_error_expected("while parsing asm constraint",
+                                                    T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       constraint->symbol = token.v.symbol;
+
+                       expect(']');
+               }
+
+               constraint->constraints = parse_string_literals();
+               expect('(');
+               constraint->expression = parse_expression();
+               expect(')');
+
+               if(last != NULL) {
+                       last->next = constraint;
+               } else {
+                       result = constraint;
+               }
+               last = constraint;
+
+               if(token.type != ',')
+                       break;
+               eat(',');
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static asm_clobber_t *parse_asm_clobbers(void)
+{
+       asm_clobber_t *result = NULL;
+       asm_clobber_t *last   = NULL;
+
+       while(token.type == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
+               asm_clobber_t *clobber = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(clobber[0]));
+               clobber->clobber       = parse_string_literals();
+
+               if(last != NULL) {
+                       last->next = clobber;
+               } else {
+                       result = clobber;
+               }
+               last = clobber;
+
+               if(token.type != ',')
+                       break;
+               eat(',');
+       }
+
+       return result;
 }
 
+static statement_t *parse_asm_statement(void)
+{
+       eat(T_asm);
+
+       statement_t *statement          = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
+
+       asm_statement_t *asm_statement = &statement->asms;
+
+       if(token.type == T_volatile) {
+               next_token();
+               asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
+       }
+
+       expect('(');
+       asm_statement->asm_text = parse_string_literals();
+
+       if(token.type != ':')
+               goto end_of_asm;
+       eat(':');
+
+       asm_statement->inputs = parse_asm_constraints();
+       if(token.type != ':')
+               goto end_of_asm;
+       eat(':');
+
+       asm_statement->outputs = parse_asm_constraints();
+       if(token.type != ':')
+               goto end_of_asm;
+       eat(':');
+
+       asm_statement->clobbers = parse_asm_clobbers();
+
+end_of_asm:
+       expect(')');
+       expect(';');
+       return statement;
+}
 
 static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
 {
        eat(T_case);
-       case_label_statement_t *label = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(label[0]));
-       label->statement.type            = STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL;
-       label->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
 
-       label->expression = parse_expression();
+       statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
+
+       statement->base.source_position  = token.source_position;
+       statement->case_label.expression = parse_expression();
 
        expect(':');
-       label->statement.next = parse_statement();
+       statement->case_label.label_statement = parse_statement();
 
-       return (statement_t*) label;
+       return statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
 {
        eat(T_default);
 
-       case_label_statement_t *label = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(label[0]));
-       label->statement.type            = STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL;
-       label->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+       statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
+
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        expect(':');
-       label->statement.next = parse_statement();
+       statement->label.label_statement = parse_statement();
+
+       return statement;
+}
 
-       return (statement_t*) label;
+static declaration_t *get_label(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       declaration_t *candidate = get_declaration(symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
+       assert(current_function != NULL);
+       /* if we found a label in the same function, then we already created the
+        * declaration */
+       if(candidate != NULL
+                       && candidate->parent_context == &current_function->context) {
+               return candidate;
+       }
+
+       /* otherwise we need to create a new one */
+       declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+       declaration->namespc       = NAMESPACE_LABEL;
+       declaration->symbol        = symbol;
+
+       label_push(declaration);
+
+       return declaration;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_label_statement(void)
 {
-       eat(T_IDENTIFIER);
+       assert(token.type == T_IDENTIFIER);
+       symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       next_token();
+
+       declaration_t *label = get_label(symbol);
+
+       /* if source position is already set then the label is defined twice,
+        * otherwise it was just mentioned in a goto so far */
+       if(label->source_position.input_name != NULL) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "duplicate label '%s'\n", symbol->string);
+               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(label->source_position);
+               fprintf(stderr, "previous definition of '%s' was here\n",
+                       symbol->string);
+       } else {
+               label->source_position = token.source_position;
+       }
+
+       label_statement_t *label_statement = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(label[0]));
+
+       label_statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_LABEL;
+       label_statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+       label_statement->label                     = label;
+
        expect(':');
-       parse_statement();
 
-       return NULL;
+       if(token.type == '}') {
+               parse_error("label at end of compound statement");
+               return (statement_t*) label_statement;
+       } else {
+               label_statement->label_statement = parse_statement();
+       }
+
+       return (statement_t*) label_statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_if(void)
@@ -2648,7 +4828,7 @@ static statement_t *parse_for(void)
 
        if(token.type != ';') {
                if(is_declaration_specifier(&token, false)) {
-                       parse_declaration();
+                       parse_declaration(record_declaration);
                } else {
                        statement->initialisation = parse_expression();
                        expect(';');
@@ -2677,10 +4857,27 @@ static statement_t *parse_for(void)
 static statement_t *parse_goto(void)
 {
        eat(T_goto);
-       expect(T_IDENTIFIER);
+
+       if(token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
+               parse_error_expected("while parsing goto", T_IDENTIFIER, 0);
+               eat_statement();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       symbol_t *symbol = token.v.symbol;
+       next_token();
+
+       declaration_t *label = get_label(symbol);
+
+       goto_statement_t *statement = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
+
+       statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_GOTO;
+       statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+
+       statement->label = label;
+
        expect(';');
 
-       return NULL;
+       return (statement_t*) statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
@@ -2688,9 +4885,9 @@ static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
        eat(T_continue);
        expect(';');
 
-       statement_t *statement     = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
-       statement->type            = STATEMENT_CONTINUE;
+       statement_t *statement          = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
+       statement->type                 = STATEMENT_CONTINUE;
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -2700,9 +4897,9 @@ static statement_t *parse_break(void)
        eat(T_break);
        expect(';');
 
-       statement_t *statement     = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
-       statement->type            = STATEMENT_BREAK;
+       statement_t *statement          = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
+       statement->type                 = STATEMENT_BREAK;
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -2715,63 +4912,88 @@ static statement_t *parse_return(void)
 
        statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_RETURN;
        statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+
+       assert(is_type_function(current_function->type));
+       function_type_t *function_type = &current_function->type->function;
+       type_t          *return_type   = function_type->return_type;
+
+       expression_t *return_value = NULL;
        if(token.type != ';') {
-               statement->return_value = parse_expression();
+               return_value = parse_expression();
        }
        expect(';');
 
+       if(return_type == NULL)
+               return (statement_t*) statement;
+       if(return_value != NULL && return_value->base.datatype == NULL)
+               return (statement_t*) statement;
+
+       return_type = skip_typeref(return_type);
+
+       if(return_value != NULL) {
+               type_t *return_value_type = skip_typeref(return_value->base.datatype);
+
+               if(is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !is_type_atomic(return_value_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
+                       parse_warning("'return' with a value, in function returning void");
+                       return_value = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       if(return_type != NULL) {
+                               semantic_assign(return_type, &return_value, "'return'");
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               if(!is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
+                       parse_warning("'return' without value, in function returning "
+                                     "non-void");
+               }
+       }
+       statement->return_value = return_value;
+
        return (statement_t*) statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_declaration_statement(void)
 {
-       declaration_t *before = last_declaration;
-
-       declaration_statement_t *statement
-               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_DECLARATION;
-       statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+       statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
 
-       declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
-       memset(&specifiers, 0, sizeof(specifiers));
-       parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
-       if(token.type == ';') {
-               eat(';');
-       } else {
-               parse_init_declarators(&specifiers);
-       }
+       declaration_t *before = last_declaration;
+       parse_declaration(record_declaration);
 
        if(before == NULL) {
-               statement->declarations_begin = context->declarations;
+               statement->declaration.declarations_begin = context->declarations;
        } else {
-               statement->declarations_begin = before->next;
+               statement->declaration.declarations_begin = before->next;
        }
-       statement->declarations_end = last_declaration;
+       statement->declaration.declarations_end = last_declaration;
 
-       return (statement_t*) statement;
+       return statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_expression_statement(void)
 {
-       expression_statement_t *statement = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_EXPRESSION;
-       statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
+       statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
 
-       statement->expression = parse_expression();
+       statement->base.source_position  = token.source_position;
+       statement->expression.expression = parse_expression();
 
        expect(';');
 
-       return (statement_t*) statement;
+       return statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
 {
-       declaration_t *declaration;
        statement_t   *statement = NULL;
 
        /* declaration or statement */
        switch(token.type) {
+       case T_asm:
+               statement = parse_asm_statement();
+               break;
+
        case T_case:
                statement = parse_case_statement();
                break;
@@ -2831,9 +5053,7 @@ static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
                        break;
                }
 
-               declaration = token.v.symbol->declaration;
-               if(declaration != NULL &&
-                               declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
+               if(is_typedef_symbol(token.v.symbol)) {
                        statement = parse_declaration_statement();
                        break;
                }
@@ -2859,20 +5079,21 @@ static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
                break;
        }
 
-       assert(statement == NULL || statement->source_position.input_name != NULL);
+       assert(statement == NULL
+                       || statement->base.source_position.input_name != NULL);
 
        return statement;
 }
 
 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void)
 {
-       eat('{');
-
        compound_statement_t *compound_statement
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(compound_statement[0]));
        compound_statement->statement.type            = STATEMENT_COMPOUND;
        compound_statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
 
+       eat('{');
+
        int        top          = environment_top();
        context_t *last_context = context;
        set_context(&compound_statement->context);
@@ -2885,26 +5106,41 @@ static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void)
                        continue;
 
                if(last_statement != NULL) {
-                       last_statement->next = statement;
+                       last_statement->base.next = statement;
                } else {
                        compound_statement->statements = statement;
                }
 
-               while(statement->next != NULL)
-                       statement = statement->next;
+               while(statement->base.next != NULL)
+                       statement = statement->base.next;
 
                last_statement = statement;
        }
 
+       if(token.type != '}') {
+               parser_print_error_prefix_pos(
+                               compound_statement->statement.source_position);
+               fprintf(stderr, "end of file while looking for closing '}'\n");
+       }
+       next_token();
+
        assert(context == &compound_statement->context);
        set_context(last_context);
        environment_pop_to(top);
 
-       next_token();
-
        return (statement_t*) compound_statement;
 }
 
+static void initialize_builtins(void)
+{
+       type_wchar_t     = make_global_typedef("__WCHAR_TYPE__", type_int);
+       type_wchar_t_ptr = make_pointer_type(type_wchar_t, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_size_t      = make_global_typedef("__SIZE_TYPE__",
+                       make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE));
+       type_ptrdiff_t   = make_global_typedef("__PTRDIFF_TYPE__",
+                       make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE));
+}
+
 static translation_unit_t *parse_translation_unit(void)
 {
        translation_unit_t *unit = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unit[0]));
@@ -2915,8 +5151,10 @@ static translation_unit_t *parse_translation_unit(void)
        assert(context == NULL);
        set_context(&unit->context);
 
+       initialize_builtins();
+
        while(token.type != T_EOF) {
-               parse_declaration();
+               parse_external_declaration();
        }
 
        assert(context == &unit->context);
@@ -2931,10 +5169,12 @@ static translation_unit_t *parse_translation_unit(void)
 
 translation_unit_t *parse(void)
 {
-       obstack_init(&environment_obstack);
-       environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(environment_entry_t*, 0);
+       environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
+       label_stack       = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
+       found_error       = false;
 
        type_set_output(stderr);
+       ast_set_output(stderr);
 
        lookahead_bufpos = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOKAHEAD + 2; ++i) {
@@ -2943,7 +5183,10 @@ translation_unit_t *parse(void)
        translation_unit_t *unit = parse_translation_unit();
 
        DEL_ARR_F(environment_stack);
-       obstack_free(&environment_obstack, NULL);
+       DEL_ARR_F(label_stack);
+
+       if(found_error)
+               return NULL;
 
        return unit;
 }
@@ -2953,12 +5196,19 @@ void init_parser(void)
        init_expression_parsers();
        obstack_init(&temp_obst);
 
-       type_int        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, 0);
-       type_double     = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, 0);
-       type_size_t     = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT, 0);
-       type_const_char = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
-       type_void       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, 0);
-       type_string     = make_pointer_type(type_const_char, 0);
+       type_int         = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_long_double = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE,
+                                           TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_double      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE,
+                                           TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_float       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_char        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void_ptr    = make_pointer_type(type_void, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_string      = make_pointer_type(type_char, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+
+       symbol_t *const va_list_sym = symbol_table_insert("__builtin_va_list");
+       type_valist = create_builtin_type(va_list_sym, type_void_ptr);
 }
 
 void exit_parser(void)