A function declaration with unspecified parameter list is compatible to a declaration...
[cparser] / parser.c
index 2e698fa..19b00c0 100644 (file)
--- a/parser.c
+++ b/parser.c
@@ -38,11 +38,10 @@ static struct obstack  temp_obst;
 static bool            found_error;
 
 static type_t         *type_int         = NULL;
-static type_t         *type_uint        = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_long_double = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_double      = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_float       = NULL;
-static type_t         *type_const_char  = NULL;
+static type_t         *type_char        = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_string      = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_void        = NULL;
 static type_t         *type_void_ptr    = NULL;
@@ -106,21 +105,92 @@ static type_t       *parse_typename(void);
        TYPE_QUALIFIERS         \
        TYPE_SPECIFIERS
 
-static inline void *allocate_ast_zero(size_t size)
+static void *allocate_ast_zero(size_t size)
 {
        void *res = allocate_ast(size);
        memset(res, 0, size);
        return res;
 }
 
-static inline void *allocate_type_zero(size_t size)
-{
-       void *res = obstack_alloc(type_obst, size);
+static size_t get_expression_struct_size(expression_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [EXPR_REFERENCE]       = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CONST]           = sizeof(const_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]  = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CALL]            = sizeof(call_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_UNARY]           = sizeof(unary_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_BINARY]          = sizeof(binary_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]     = sizeof(conditional_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_SELECT]          = sizeof(select_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]    = sizeof(array_access_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_SIZEOF]          = sizeof(sizeof_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]   = sizeof(classify_type_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_FUNCTION]        = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_PRETTY_FUNCTION] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL]  = sizeof(builtin_symbol_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_OFFSETOF]        = sizeof(offsetof_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_VA_ARG]          = sizeof(va_arg_expression_t),
+               [EXPR_STATEMENT]       = sizeof(statement_expression_t)
+       };
+       assert(sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(sizes[0]) == EXPR_STATEMENT + 1);
+       assert(type <= EXPR_STATEMENT);
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       (void) get_expression_struct_size;
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static size_t get_type_struct_size(type_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [TYPE_ATOMIC]          = sizeof(atomic_type_t),
+               [TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT] = sizeof(compound_type_t),
+               [TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION]  = sizeof(compound_type_t),
+               [TYPE_ENUM]            = sizeof(enum_type_t),
+               [TYPE_FUNCTION]        = sizeof(function_type_t),
+               [TYPE_POINTER]         = sizeof(pointer_type_t),
+               [TYPE_ARRAY]           = sizeof(array_type_t),
+               [TYPE_BUILTIN]         = sizeof(builtin_type_t),
+               [TYPE_TYPEDEF]         = sizeof(typedef_type_t),
+               [TYPE_TYPEOF]          = sizeof(typeof_type_t),
+       };
+       assert(sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(sizes[0]) == (int) TYPE_TYPEOF + 1);
+       assert(type <= TYPE_TYPEOF);
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static type_t *allocate_type_zero(type_type_t type)
+{
+       size_t  size = get_type_struct_size(type);
+       type_t *res  = obstack_alloc(type_obst, size);
        memset(res, 0, size);
+
+       res->base.type = type;
        return res;
 }
 
-static inline void free_type(void *type)
+static size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       static const size_t sizes[] = {
+               [INITIALIZER_VALUE]  = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
+               [INITIALIZER_LIST]   = sizeof(initializer_list_t)
+       };
+       assert(type < INITIALIZER_COUNT);
+       assert(sizes[type] != 0);
+       return sizes[type];
+}
+
+static initializer_t *allocate_initializer(initializer_type_t type)
+{
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(type));
+       result->type          = type;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static void free_type(void *type)
 {
        obstack_free(type_obst, type);
 }
@@ -128,12 +198,12 @@ static inline void free_type(void *type)
 /**
  * returns the top element of the environment stack
  */
-static inline size_t environment_top(void)
+static size_t environment_top(void)
 {
        return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
 }
 
-static inline size_t label_top(void)
+static size_t label_top(void)
 {
        return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
 }
@@ -175,7 +245,7 @@ static void parser_print_prefix_pos(const source_position_t source_position)
 {
     fputs(source_position.input_name, stderr);
     fputc(':', stderr);
-    fprintf(stderr, "%d", source_position.linenr);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%u", source_position.linenr);
     fputs(": ", stderr);
 }
 
@@ -373,6 +443,17 @@ static void set_context(context_t *new_context)
 static bool is_compatible_declaration (declaration_t *declaration,
                                       declaration_t *previous)
 {
+       if (declaration->type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
+                       previous->type->type    == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
+                       previous->type->function.unspecified_parameters) {
+               function_type_t* const prev_func = &previous->type->function;
+               function_type_t* const decl_func = &declaration->type->function;
+               if (prev_func->unspecified_parameters &&
+                               prev_func->result_type == decl_func->result_type) {
+                       declaration->type = previous->type;
+                       return true;
+               }
+       }
        /* TODO: not correct yet */
        return declaration->type == previous->type;
 }
@@ -437,11 +518,11 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
                        print_type_quoted(previous_declaration->type);
                        fputc('\n', stderr);
                } else {
-                       const storage_class_t old_storage = previous_declaration->storage_class;
-                       const storage_class_t new_storage = declaration->storage_class;
+                       unsigned old_storage_class = previous_declaration->storage_class;
+                       unsigned new_storage_class = declaration->storage_class;
                        if (current_function == NULL) {
-                               if (old_storage != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
-                                   new_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
+                               if (old_storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
+                                   new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
                                        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
                                        fprintf(stderr,
                                                "static declaration of '%s' follows non-static declaration\n",
@@ -450,8 +531,8 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
                                        fprintf(stderr, "previous declaration of '%s' was here\n",
                                                symbol->string);
                                } else {
-                                       if (old_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
-                                               if (new_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
+                                       if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
+                                               if (new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
                                                        previous_declaration->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
                                                }
                                        } else {
@@ -464,8 +545,8 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
                                        }
                                }
                        } else {
-                               if (old_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
-                                               new_storage == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
+                               if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
+                                               new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
                                        parser_print_warning_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
                                        fprintf(stderr, "redundant extern declaration for '%s'\n",
                                                symbol->string);
@@ -474,7 +555,7 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
                                                symbol->string);
                                } else {
                                        parser_print_error_prefix_pos(declaration->source_position);
-                                       if (old_storage == new_storage) {
+                                       if (old_storage_class == new_storage_class) {
                                                fprintf(stderr, "redeclaration of '%s'\n", symbol->string);
                                        } else {
                                                fprintf(stderr, "redeclaration of '%s' with different linkage\n", symbol->string);
@@ -492,7 +573,7 @@ static declaration_t *stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr,
        stack_entry_t entry;
        entry.symbol          = symbol;
        entry.old_declaration = symbol->declaration;
-       entry.namespc       = namespc;
+       entry.namespc         = (unsigned short) namespc;
        ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
 
        /* replace/add declaration into declaration list of the symbol */
@@ -603,8 +684,8 @@ static int get_rank(const type_t *type)
                return ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
 
        assert(type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC);
-       atomic_type_t      *atomic_type = (atomic_type_t*) type;
-       atomic_type_type_t  atype       = atomic_type->atype;
+       const atomic_type_t *atomic_type = &type->atomic;
+       atomic_type_type_t   atype       = atomic_type->atype;
        return atype;
 }
 
@@ -629,21 +710,22 @@ static expression_t *create_cast_expression(expression_t *expression,
        return (expression_t*) cast;
 }
 
-static bool is_null_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
+static bool is_null_expression(const expression_t *const expression)
 {
-       if (expr->type != EXPR_CONST) return false;
+       if (expression->type != EXPR_CONST)
+               return false;
 
-       type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->datatype);
-       if (!is_type_integer(type)) return false;
+       type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.datatype);
+       if (!is_type_integer(type))
+               return false;
 
-       const const_t *const const_expr = (const const_t*)expr;
-       return const_expr->v.int_value == 0;
+       return expression->conste.v.int_value == 0;
 }
 
 static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
                                           type_t *dest_type)
 {
-       type_t *source_type = expression->datatype;
+       type_t *source_type = expression->base.datatype;
 
        if(source_type == NULL)
                return expression;
@@ -654,61 +736,66 @@ static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
        if(source_type == dest_type)
                return expression;
 
-       if(dest_type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
-               if(source_type->type != TYPE_ATOMIC)
-                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+       switch (dest_type->type) {
+               case TYPE_ENUM:
+                       /* TODO warning for implicitly converting to enum */
+               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                       if (source_type->type != TYPE_ATOMIC &&
+                                       source_type->type != TYPE_ENUM) {
+                               panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
+                       }
 
-               if(is_type_floating(dest_type) && !is_type_scalar(source_type)) {
-                       type_error_incompatible("can't cast types",
-                                               expression->source_position,
-                                               source_type, dest_type);
-                       return expression;
-               }
+                       if(is_type_floating(dest_type) && !is_type_scalar(source_type)) {
+                               type_error_incompatible("can't cast types",
+                                               expression->base.source_position, source_type,
+                                               dest_type);
+                               return expression;
+                       }
 
-               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
-       }
-       if(dest_type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-               pointer_type_t *pointer_type
-                       = (pointer_type_t*) dest_type;
-               switch (source_type->type) {
-                       case TYPE_ATOMIC:
-                               if (is_null_expression(expression)) {
-                                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
-                               }
-                               break;
+                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
 
-                       case TYPE_POINTER:
-                               if (pointers_compatible(source_type, dest_type)) {
-                                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
-                               }
-                               break;
+               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                       switch (source_type->type) {
+                               case TYPE_ATOMIC:
+                                       if (is_null_expression(expression)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
 
-                       case TYPE_ARRAY: {
-                               array_type_t *const array_type = (array_type_t*) source_type;
-                               if (types_compatible(array_type->element_type,
-                                                                                                                pointer_type->points_to)) {
-                                       return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                               case TYPE_POINTER:
+                                       if (pointers_compatible(source_type, dest_type)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+
+                               case TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                                       array_type_t   *array_type   = &source_type->array;
+                                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &dest_type->pointer;
+                                       if (types_compatible(array_type->element_type,
+                                                                                pointer_type->points_to)) {
+                                               return create_cast_expression(expression, dest_type);
+                                       }
+                                       break;
                                }
-                               break;
+
+                               default:
+                                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
                        }
 
-                       default:
-                               panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
-               }
+                       type_error_incompatible("can't implicitly cast types",
+                                       expression->base.source_position, source_type, dest_type);
+                       return expression;
 
-               type_error_incompatible("can't implicitly cast types",
-                                       expression->source_position,
-                                       source_type, dest_type);
-               return expression;
+               default:
+                       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
        }
-
-       panic("casting of non-atomic types not implemented yet");
 }
 
+/** Implements the rules from Â§ 6.5.16.1 */
 static void semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t **right,
                             const char *context)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type_right = (*right)->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type_right = (*right)->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -716,40 +803,55 @@ static void semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t **right,
        type_t *const type_left  = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
        type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
 
-       if (type_left == type_right) {
-               return;
-       }
-
        if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
-           (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_null_expression(*right)) ||
-           (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER)) {
+           (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_null_expression(*right)) ||
+           (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
+               && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
                *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
                return;
        }
 
-       if (type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-               switch (type_right->type) {
-                       case TYPE_FUNCTION: {
-                               pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = (pointer_type_t*)type_left;
-                               if (ptr_type->points_to == type_right) {
-                                       return;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       }
+       if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_left  = &type_left->pointer;
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type_right = &type_right->pointer;
+               type_t         *points_to_left     = pointer_type_left->points_to;
+               type_t         *points_to_right    = pointer_type_right->points_to;
 
-                       case TYPE_ARRAY: {
-                               pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = (pointer_type_t*)type_left;
-                               array_type_t   *const arr_type = (array_type_t*)type_right;
-                               if (ptr_type->points_to == arr_type->element_type) {
-                                       return;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       }
+               points_to_left  = skip_typeref(points_to_left);
+               points_to_right = skip_typeref(points_to_right);
 
-                       default: break;
+               if(!is_type_atomic(points_to_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !is_type_atomic(points_to_right, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
+                       goto incompatible_assign_types;
                }
+
+               /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
+               unsigned missing_qualifiers
+                       = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
+               if(missing_qualifiers != 0) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fprintf(stderr, "destination type ");
+                       print_type_quoted(type_left);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " in %s from type ", context);
+                       print_type_quoted(type_right);
+                       fprintf(stderr, " lacks qualifiers '");
+                       print_type_qualifiers(missing_qualifiers);
+                       fprintf(stderr, "' in pointed-to type\n");
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (is_type_compound(type_left)
+                       && types_compatible(type_left, type_right)) {
+               *right = create_implicit_cast(*right, type_left);
+               return;
        }
 
+incompatible_assign_types:
        /* TODO: improve error message */
        parser_print_error_prefix();
        fprintf(stderr, "incompatible types in %s\n", context);
@@ -774,9 +876,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
 
 typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t  declaration_specifiers_t;
 struct declaration_specifiers_t {
-       storage_class_t  storage_class;
-       bool             is_inline;
-       type_t          *type;
+       unsigned char storage_class;
+       bool          is_inline;
+       type_t       *type;
 };
 
 static void parse_compound_type_entries(void);
@@ -804,7 +906,7 @@ static void parse_attributes(void)
 {
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
-               case T___attribute__:
+               case T___attribute__: {
                        next_token();
 
                        expect_void('(');
@@ -827,6 +929,7 @@ static void parse_attributes(void)
                                }
                        }
                        break;
+               }
                case T_asm:
                        next_token();
                        expect_void('(');
@@ -894,39 +997,50 @@ static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
 }
 #endif
 
+static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *type,
+                                              const char *string)
+{
+       /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
+       (void) type;
+
+       initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_STRING);
+       initializer->string.string = string;
+
+       return initializer;
+}
+
 static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *type,
                                                   expression_t *expression)
 {
-       initializer_value_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-
        /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
 
        /* Â§ 6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
        if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY && expression->type == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
-               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               array_type_t *array_type   = &type->array;
                type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
 
                if(element_type->type == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
-                       atomic_type_t      *atomic_type = (atomic_type_t*) element_type;
+                       atomic_type_t      *atomic_type = &element_type->atomic;
                        atomic_type_type_t  atype       = atomic_type->atype;
 
                        /* TODO handle wide strings */
                        if(atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR
                                        || atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR
                                        || atype == ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR) {
-                               /* it's fine TODO: check for length of string array... */
-                               goto initializer_from_expression_finished;
+
+                               string_literal_expression_t *literal
+                                       = &expression->string_literal;
+                               return initializer_from_string(array_type, literal->value);
                        }
                }
        }
 
        semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
 
-initializer_from_expression_finished:
-       result->initializer.type = INITIALIZER_VALUE;
-       result->value            = expression;
+       initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
+       result->value.value   = expression;
 
-       return (initializer_t*) result;
+       return result;
 }
 
 static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
@@ -940,7 +1054,7 @@ static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer_elem(type_t *type)
        }
 
        expression_t *expression      = parse_assignment_expression();
-       type_t       *expression_type = skip_typeref(expression->datatype);
+       type_t       *expression_type = skip_typeref(expression->base.datatype);
 
        return parse_sub_initializer(type, expression, expression_type);
 }
@@ -977,15 +1091,14 @@ static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
        /* TODO: ignore qualifiers, comparing pointers is probably
         * not correct */
        if(expression != NULL && expression_type == type) {
-               initializer_value_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
-               result->initializer.type    = INITIALIZER_VALUE;
+               initializer_t *result = allocate_initializer(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
 
                if(type != NULL) {
                        semantic_assign(type, &expression, "initializer");
                }
-               result->value = expression;
+               result->value.value = expression;
 
-               return (initializer_t*) result;
+               return result;
        }
 
        bool read_paren = false;
@@ -998,7 +1111,7 @@ static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
        initializer_t  *result = NULL;
        initializer_t **elems;
        if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-               array_type_t *array_type   = (array_type_t*) type;
+               array_type_t *array_type   = &type->array;
                type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
                element_type               = skip_typeref(element_type);
 
@@ -1027,8 +1140,7 @@ static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
                        if(token.type == '}')
                                break;
 
-                       initializer_t *sub
-                               = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, NULL, NULL);
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(element_type, NULL, NULL);
                        if(sub == NULL) {
                                /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup */
                                parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
@@ -1040,7 +1152,7 @@ static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
        } else {
                assert(type->type == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
                                || type->type == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
-               compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type;
+               compound_type_t *compound_type = &type->compound;
                context_t       *context       = & compound_type->declaration->context;
 
                declaration_t *first = context->declarations;
@@ -1076,11 +1188,13 @@ static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_t *type,
                        if(token.type == '}')
                                break;
                        expect_block(',');
+                       if(token.type == '}')
+                               break;
 
                        type_t *iter_type = iter->type;
                        iter_type         = skip_typeref(iter_type);
 
-                       initializer_t *sub = parse_sub_initializer(iter_type, NULL, NULL);
+                       sub = parse_sub_initializer(iter_type, NULL, NULL);
                        if(sub == NULL) {
                                /* TODO error, do nicer cleanup*/
                                parse_error("member initializer didn't match");
@@ -1181,7 +1295,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
        }
 
        if(declaration == NULL) {
-               declaration = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+               declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
                if(is_struct) {
                        declaration->namespc = NAMESPACE_STRUCT;
@@ -1218,7 +1332,7 @@ static declaration_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
        return declaration;
 }
 
-static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *enum_type)
+static void parse_enum_entries(enum_type_t *const enum_type)
 {
        eat('{');
 
@@ -1237,7 +1351,7 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *enum_type)
                        return;
                }
                entry->storage_class   = STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY;
-               entry->type            = enum_type;
+               entry->type            = (type_t*) enum_type;
                entry->symbol          = token.v.symbol;
                entry->source_position = token.source_position;
                next_token();
@@ -1259,7 +1373,7 @@ static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *enum_type)
        expect_void('}');
 }
 
-static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
+static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
 {
        eat(T_enum);
 
@@ -1281,13 +1395,16 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
        }
 
        if(declaration == NULL) {
-               declaration = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
+               declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
 
                declaration->namespc       = NAMESPACE_ENUM;
                declaration->source_position = token.source_position;
                declaration->symbol          = symbol;
        }
 
+       type_t *const type      = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ENUM);
+       type->enumt.declaration = declaration;
+
        if(token.type == '{') {
                if(declaration->init.is_defined) {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
@@ -1297,11 +1414,11 @@ static declaration_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
                record_declaration(declaration);
                declaration->init.is_defined = 1;
 
-               parse_enum_entries(NULL);
+               parse_enum_entries(&type->enumt);
                parse_attributes();
        }
 
-       return declaration;
+       return type;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1341,7 +1458,7 @@ restart:
                        type = parse_typename();
                } else {
                        expression = parse_expression();
-                       type       = expression->datatype;
+                       type       = expression->base.datatype;
                }
                break;
 
@@ -1351,18 +1468,17 @@ restart:
 
        default:
                expression = parse_expression();
-               type       = expression->datatype;
+               type       = expression->base.datatype;
                break;
        }
 
        expect(')');
 
-       typeof_type_t *typeof = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(typeof[0]));
-       typeof->type.type     = TYPE_TYPEOF;
-       typeof->expression    = expression;
-       typeof->typeof_type   = type;
+       type_t *typeof_type              = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEOF);
+       typeof_type->typeoft.expression  = expression;
+       typeof_type->typeoft.typeof_type = type;
 
-       return (type_t*) typeof;
+       return typeof_type;
 }
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -1385,13 +1501,12 @@ typedef enum {
 
 static type_t *create_builtin_type(symbol_t *symbol)
 {
-       builtin_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
-       type->type.type      = TYPE_BUILTIN;
-       type->symbol         = symbol;
+       type_t *type            = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_BUILTIN);
+       type->builtin.symbol    = symbol;
        /* TODO... */
-       type->real_type      = type_int;
+       type->builtin.real_type = type_int;
 
-       return (type_t*) type;
+       return type;
 }
 
 static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
@@ -1401,19 +1516,18 @@ static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
                        || declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
                return NULL;
 
-       typedef_type_t *typedef_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(typedef_type[0]));
-       typedef_type->type.type    = TYPE_TYPEDEF;
-       typedef_type->declaration  = declaration;
+       type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
+       type->typedeft.declaration = declaration;
 
-       return (type_t*) typedef_type;
+       return type;
 }
 
 static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
 {
-       type_t        *type            = NULL;
-       unsigned       type_qualifiers = 0;
-       unsigned       type_specifiers = 0;
-       int            newtype         = 0;
+       type_t   *type            = NULL;
+       unsigned  type_qualifiers = 0;
+       unsigned  type_specifiers = 0;
+       int       newtype         = 0;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1494,31 +1608,20 @@ static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                /* TODO: if type != NULL for the following rules should issue
                 * an error */
                case T_struct: {
-                       compound_type_t *compound_type
-                               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT;
-                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
 
-                       type = (type_t*) compound_type;
+                       type->compound.declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
                        break;
                }
                case T_union: {
-                       compound_type_t *compound_type
-                               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(compound_type[0]));
-                       compound_type->type.type = TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION;
-                       compound_type->declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
+                       type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
 
-                       type = (type_t*) compound_type;
+                       type->compound.declaration = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
                        break;
                }
-               case T_enum: {
-                       enum_type_t *enum_type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(enum_type[0]));
-                       enum_type->type.type   = TYPE_ENUM;
-                       enum_type->declaration = parse_enum_specifier();
-
-                       type = (type_t*) enum_type;
+               case T_enum:
+                       type = parse_enum_specifier();
                        break;
-               }
                case T___typeof__:
                        type = parse_typeof();
                        break;
@@ -1662,31 +1765,28 @@ finish_specifiers:
                        atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID;
                }
 
-               atomic_type_t *atype = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(atype[0]));
-               atype->type.type     = TYPE_ATOMIC;
-               atype->atype         = atomic_type;
-               newtype              = 1;
-
-               type = (type_t*) atype;
+               type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
+               type->atomic.atype = atomic_type;
+               newtype            = 1;
        } else {
                if(type_specifiers != 0) {
                        parse_error("multiple datatypes in declaration");
                }
        }
 
-       type->qualifiers = (type_qualifier_t)type_qualifiers;
+       type->base.qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
 
        type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
-       if(newtype && result != (type_t*) type) {
+       if(newtype && result != type) {
                free_type(type);
        }
 
        specifiers->type = result;
 }
 
-static unsigned parse_type_qualifiers(void)
+static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
 {
-       unsigned type_qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 
        while(true) {
                switch(token.type) {
@@ -1734,10 +1834,9 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameter(void)
        /* Array as last part of a paramter type is just syntactic sugar.  Turn it
         * into a pointer */
        if (declaration->type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-               const array_type_t *const arr_type =
-                       (const array_type_t*)declaration->type;
-               declaration->type =
-                       make_pointer_type(arr_type->element_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+               const array_type_t *const arr_type = &declaration->type->array;
+               type_t *element_type = arr_type->element_type;
+               declaration->type = make_pointer_type(element_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
        }
 
        return declaration;
@@ -1781,7 +1880,8 @@ static declaration_t *parse_parameters(function_type_t *type)
                DECLARATION_START
                        declaration = parse_parameter();
 
-                       parameter       = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(parameter[0]));
+                       parameter       = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(parameter[0]));
+                       memset(parameter, 0, sizeof(parameter[0]));
                        parameter->type = declaration->type;
 
                        if(last_parameter != NULL) {
@@ -1820,19 +1920,19 @@ struct construct_type_t {
 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t parsed_pointer_t;
 struct parsed_pointer_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
 };
 
 typedef struct construct_function_type_t construct_function_type_t;
 struct construct_function_type_t {
-       construct_type_t    construct_type;
-       function_type_t    *function_type;
+       construct_type_t  construct_type;
+       type_t           *function_type;
 };
 
 typedef struct parsed_array_t parsed_array_t;
 struct parsed_array_t {
        construct_type_t  construct_type;
-       type_qualifier_t  type_qualifiers;
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
        bool              is_static;
        bool              is_variable;
        expression_t     *size;
@@ -1869,7 +1969,7 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
                next_token();
        }
 
-       type_qualifier_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
+       type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
        if(type_qualifiers != 0) {
                if(token.type == T_static) {
                        array->is_static = true;
@@ -1894,10 +1994,9 @@ static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
        eat('(');
 
-       function_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
-       type->type.type       = TYPE_FUNCTION;
+       type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
 
-       declaration_t *parameters = parse_parameters(type);
+       declaration_t *parameters = parse_parameters(&type->function);
        if(declaration != NULL) {
                declaration->context.declarations = parameters;
        }
@@ -2016,49 +2115,47 @@ static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
 {
        construct_type_t *iter = construct_list;
        for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
-               parsed_pointer_t          *parsed_pointer;
-               parsed_array_t            *parsed_array;
-               construct_function_type_t *construct_function_type;
-               function_type_t           *function_type;
-               pointer_type_t            *pointer_type;
-               array_type_t              *array_type;
-
                switch(iter->type) {
                case CONSTRUCT_INVALID:
                        panic("invalid type construction found");
-               case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION:
-                       construct_function_type = (construct_function_type_t*) iter;
-                       function_type           = construct_function_type->function_type;
+               case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION: {
+                       construct_function_type_t *construct_function_type
+                               = (construct_function_type_t*) iter;
+
+                       type_t *function_type = construct_function_type->function_type;
 
-                       function_type->result_type = type;
-                       type                       = (type_t*) function_type;
+                       function_type->function.result_type = type;
+
+                       type = function_type;
                        break;
+               }
 
-               case CONSTRUCT_POINTER:
-                       parsed_pointer = (parsed_pointer_t*) iter;
-                       pointer_type   = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(pointer_type[0]));
+               case CONSTRUCT_POINTER: {
+                       parsed_pointer_t *parsed_pointer = (parsed_pointer_t*) iter;
+                       type_t           *pointer_type   = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_POINTER);
+                       pointer_type->pointer.points_to  = type;
+                       pointer_type->base.qualifiers    = parsed_pointer->type_qualifiers;
 
-                       pointer_type->type.type       = TYPE_POINTER;
-                       pointer_type->points_to       = type;
-                       pointer_type->type.qualifiers = parsed_pointer->type_qualifiers;
-                       type                          = (type_t*) pointer_type;
+                       type = pointer_type;
                        break;
+               }
 
-               case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY:
-                       parsed_array  = (parsed_array_t*) iter;
-                       array_type    = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(array_type[0]));
-
-                       array_type->type.type       = TYPE_ARRAY;
-                       array_type->element_type    = type;
-                       array_type->type.qualifiers = parsed_array->type_qualifiers;
-                       array_type->is_static       = parsed_array->is_static;
-                       array_type->is_variable     = parsed_array->is_variable;
-                       array_type->size            = parsed_array->size;
-                       type                        = (type_t*) array_type;
+               case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY: {
+                       parsed_array_t *parsed_array  = (parsed_array_t*) iter;
+                       type_t         *array_type    = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
+
+                       array_type->base.qualifiers    = parsed_array->type_qualifiers;
+                       array_type->array.element_type = type;
+                       array_type->array.is_static    = parsed_array->is_static;
+                       array_type->array.is_variable  = parsed_array->is_variable;
+                       array_type->array.size         = parsed_array->size;
+
+                       type = array_type;
                        break;
                }
+               }
 
-               type_t *hashed_type = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
+               type_t *hashed_type = typehash_insert(type);
                if(hashed_type != type) {
                        /* the function type was constructed earlier freeing it here will
                         * destroy other types... */
@@ -2164,17 +2261,23 @@ static void parse_init_declarators(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
                        initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(type);
 
                        if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY && initializer != NULL) {
-                               assert(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_LIST);
-
-                               initializer_list_t *list = (initializer_list_t*) initializer;
-                               array_type_t       *array_type = (array_type_t*) type;
+                               array_type_t *array_type = &type->array;
 
                                if(array_type->size == NULL) {
-                                       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+                                       const_expression_t
+                                               *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
                                        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
                                        cnst->expression.datatype = type_size_t;
-                                       cnst->v.int_value         = list->len;
+
+                                       if(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_LIST) {
+                                               initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
+                                               cnst->v.int_value = list->len;
+                                       } else {
+                                               assert(initializer->type == INITIALIZER_STRING);
+                                               initializer_string_t *string = &initializer->string;
+                                               cnst->v.int_value = strlen(string->string) + 1;
+                                       }
 
                                        array_type->size = (expression_t*) cnst;
                                }
@@ -2297,8 +2400,8 @@ static void parse_declaration(void)
                switch (specifiers.type->type) {
                        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
                        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
-                               const compound_type_t *const comp_type =
-                                       (const compound_type_t*)specifiers.type;
+                               const compound_type_t *const comp_type
+                                       = &specifiers.type->compound;
                                if (comp_type->declaration->symbol == NULL) {
                                        parse_warning_pos(source_position,
                                                                                                                "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
@@ -2362,9 +2465,9 @@ expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
 
 static expression_t *make_invalid_expression(void)
 {
-       expression_t *expression    = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
-       expression->type            = EXPR_INVALID;
-       expression->source_position = token.source_position;
+       expression_t *expression         = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+       expression->type                 = EXPR_INVALID;
+       expression->base.source_position = token.source_position;
        return expression;
 }
 
@@ -2382,7 +2485,7 @@ static expression_t *expected_expression_error(void)
 
 static expression_t *parse_string_const(void)
 {
-       string_literal_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+       string_literal_expression_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_STRING_LITERAL;
        cnst->expression.datatype = type_string;
@@ -2393,7 +2496,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_string_const(void)
 
 static expression_t *parse_int_const(void)
 {
-       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+       const_expression_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
        cnst->expression.datatype = token.datatype;
@@ -2406,7 +2509,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_int_const(void)
 
 static expression_t *parse_float_const(void)
 {
-       const_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
+       const_expression_t *cnst = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(cnst[0]));
 
        cnst->expression.type     = EXPR_CONST;
        cnst->expression.datatype = token.datatype;
@@ -2420,16 +2523,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_float_const(void)
 static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
                const source_position_t source_position)
 {
-       function_type_t *function_type
-               = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(function_type[0]));
-
-       function_type->type.type              = TYPE_FUNCTION;
-       function_type->result_type            = type_int;
-       function_type->unspecified_parameters = true;
+       type_t *ntype                          = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
+       ntype->function.result_type            = type_int;
+       ntype->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
 
-       type_t *type = typehash_insert((type_t*) function_type);
-       if(type != (type_t*) function_type) {
-               free_type(function_type);
+       type_t *type = typehash_insert(ntype);
+       if(type != ntype) {
+               free_type(ntype);
        }
 
        declaration_t *declaration = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(declaration[0]));
@@ -2456,6 +2556,112 @@ static declaration_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol,
        return declaration;
 }
 
+static type_t *make_function_1_type(type_t *result_type, type_t *argument_type)
+{
+       function_parameter_t *parameter
+               = obstack_alloc(type_obst, sizeof(parameter[0]));
+       memset(parameter, 0, sizeof(parameter[0]));
+       parameter->type = argument_type;
+
+       type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
+       type->function.result_type = result_type;
+       type->function.parameters  = parameter;
+
+       type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
+       if(result != type) {
+               free_type(type);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+static type_t *get_builtin_symbol_type(symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+       switch(symbol->ID) {
+       case T___builtin_alloca:
+               return make_function_1_type(type_void_ptr, type_size_t);
+       default:
+               panic("not implemented builtin symbol found");
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * performs automatic type cast as described in Â§ 6.3.2.1
+ */
+static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *type)
+{
+       if(type == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if(type->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
+               array_type_t *array_type   = &type->array;
+               type_t       *element_type = array_type->element_type;
+               unsigned      qualifiers   = array_type->type.qualifiers;
+
+               return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
+       }
+
+       if(type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+               return make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       }
+
+       return type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
+ * to function-pointer types as defined Â§ 6.3.2.1
+ */
+type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if(expression->base.datatype == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       switch(expression->type) {
+       case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref
+                       = (const reference_expression_t*) expression;
+               return ref->declaration->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_SELECT: {
+               const select_expression_t *select
+                       = (const select_expression_t*) expression;
+               return select->compound_entry->type;
+       }
+       case EXPR_UNARY: {
+               const unary_expression_t *unary
+                       = (const unary_expression_t*) expression;
+               if(unary->type == UNEXPR_DEREFERENCE) {
+                       expression_t   *value        = unary->value;
+                       type_t         *type         = skip_typeref(value->base.datatype);
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
+
+                       return pointer_type->points_to;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL: {
+               const builtin_symbol_expression_t *builtin
+                       = (const builtin_symbol_expression_t*) expression;
+               return get_builtin_symbol_type(builtin->symbol);
+       }
+       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
+               const array_access_expression_t *array_access
+                       = &expression->array_access;
+               const expression_t *array_ref = array_access->array_ref;
+               type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(array_ref->base.datatype);
+               assert(is_type_pointer(type_left));
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type_left->pointer;
+               return pointer_type->points_to;
+       }
+
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+
+       return expression->base.datatype;
+}
+
 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
 {
        reference_expression_t *ref = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(ref[0]));
@@ -2487,8 +2693,13 @@ static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
                }
        }
 
+       type_t *type = declaration->type;
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
        ref->declaration         = declaration;
-       ref->expression.datatype = declaration->type;
+       ref->expression.datatype = type;
 
        return (expression_t*) ref;
 }
@@ -2541,7 +2752,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
        /* find last statement and use it's type */
        const statement_t *last_statement = NULL;
        const statement_t *iter           = compound_statement->statements;
-       for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
+       for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
                last_statement = iter;
        }
 
@@ -2549,7 +2760,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
                const expression_statement_t *expression_statement =
                        (const expression_statement_t*) last_statement;
                expression->expression.datatype
-                       = expression_statement->expression->datatype;
+                       = expression_statement->expression->base.datatype;
        } else {
                expression->expression.datatype = type_void;
        }
@@ -2592,7 +2803,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(void)
                parse_error("'__func__' used outside of a function");
        }
 
-       string_literal_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+       string_literal_expression_t *expression
+               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+
        expression->expression.type     = EXPR_FUNCTION;
        expression->expression.datatype = type_string;
        expression->value               = "TODO: FUNCTION";
@@ -2605,7 +2818,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_pretty_function_keyword(void)
        eat(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        /* TODO */
 
-       string_literal_t *expression = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+       string_literal_expression_t *expression
+               = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(expression[0]));
+
        expression->expression.type     = EXPR_PRETTY_FUNCTION;
        expression->expression.datatype = type_string;
        expression->value               = "TODO: PRETTY FUNCTION";
@@ -2698,24 +2913,6 @@ static expression_t *parse_va_arg(void)
        return (expression_t*) expression;
 }
 
-static type_t *make_function_1_type(type_t *result_type, type_t *argument_type)
-{
-       function_parameter_t *parameter = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(parameter[0]));
-       parameter->type = argument_type;
-
-       function_type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(sizeof(type[0]));
-       type->type.type   = TYPE_FUNCTION;
-       type->result_type = result_type;
-       type->parameters  = parameter;
-
-       type_t *result = typehash_insert((type_t*) type);
-       if(result != (type_t*) type) {
-               free_type(type);
-       }
-
-       return result;
-}
-
 static expression_t *parse_builtin_symbol(void)
 {
        builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression
@@ -2723,16 +2920,11 @@ static expression_t *parse_builtin_symbol(void)
        expression->expression.type = EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL;
 
        expression->symbol = token.v.symbol;
-
-       type_t *type;
-       switch(token.type) {
-       case T___builtin_alloca:
-               type = make_function_1_type(type_void_ptr, type_size_t);
-               break;
-       }
-
        next_token();
 
+       type_t *type = get_builtin_symbol_type(expression->symbol);
+       type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
+
        expression->expression.datatype = type;
        return (expression_t*) expression;
 }
@@ -2777,45 +2969,49 @@ static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
 }
 
 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
-                                            expression_t *array_ref)
+                                            expression_t *left)
 {
        (void) precedence;
 
        eat('[');
 
-       expression_t *index = parse_expression();
+       expression_t *inside = parse_expression();
 
        array_access_expression_t *array_access
                = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(array_access[0]));
 
        array_access->expression.type = EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS;
-       array_access->array_ref       = array_ref;
-       array_access->index           = index;
-
-       type_t *type_left  = skip_typeref(array_ref->datatype);
-       type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(index->datatype);
-
-       if(type_left != NULL && type_right != NULL) {
-               if(type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer           = (pointer_type_t*) type_left;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = pointer->points_to;
-               } else if(type_left->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-                       array_type_t *array_type          = (array_type_t*) type_left;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = array_type->element_type;
-               } else if(type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer           = (pointer_type_t*) type_right;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = pointer->points_to;
-               } else if(type_right->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-                       array_type_t *array_type          = (array_type_t*) type_right;
-                       array_access->expression.datatype = array_type->element_type;
+
+       type_t *type_left   = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t *type_inside = inside->base.datatype;
+       type_t *result_type = NULL;
+
+       if(type_left != NULL && type_inside != NULL) {
+               type_left   = skip_typeref(type_left);
+               type_inside = skip_typeref(type_inside);
+
+               if(is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = &type_left->pointer;
+                       result_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = left;
+                       array_access->index     = inside;
+               } else if(is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer = &type_inside->pointer;
+                       result_type             = pointer->points_to;
+                       array_access->array_ref = inside;
+                       array_access->index     = left;
+                       array_access->flipped   = true;
                } else {
                        parser_print_error_prefix();
                        fprintf(stderr, "array access on object with non-pointer types ");
                        print_type_quoted(type_left);
                        fprintf(stderr, ", ");
-                       print_type_quoted(type_right);
+                       print_type_quoted(type_inside);
                        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                }
+       } else {
+               array_access->array_ref = left;
+               array_access->index     = inside;
        }
 
        if(token.type != ']') {
@@ -2824,6 +3020,9 @@ static expression_t *parse_array_expression(unsigned precedence,
        }
        next_token();
 
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       array_access->expression.datatype = result_type;
+
        return (expression_t*) array_access;
 }
 
@@ -2860,8 +3059,10 @@ static expression_t *parse_sizeof(unsigned precedence)
                sizeof_expression->type = parse_typename();
                expect(')');
        } else {
-               expression_t *expression           = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
-               sizeof_expression->type            = expression->datatype;
+               expression_t *expression  = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
+               expression->base.datatype = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
+
+               sizeof_expression->type            = expression->base.datatype;
                sizeof_expression->size_expression = expression;
        }
 
@@ -2890,7 +3091,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
        select->symbol   = symbol;
        next_token();
 
-       type_t *orig_type = compound->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type = compound->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return make_invalid_expression();
 
@@ -2905,7 +3106,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
                        fputc('\n', stderr);
                        return make_invalid_expression();
                }
-               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
                type_left                    = pointer_type->points_to;
        }
        type_left = skip_typeref(type_left);
@@ -2920,7 +3121,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
                return make_invalid_expression();
        }
 
-       compound_type_t *compound_type = (compound_type_t*) type_left;
+       compound_type_t *compound_type = &type_left->compound;
        declaration_t   *declaration   = compound_type->declaration;
 
        if(!declaration->init.is_defined) {
@@ -2945,8 +3146,12 @@ static expression_t *parse_select_expression(unsigned precedence,
                return make_invalid_expression();
        }
 
+       /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
+        * code to revert this! */
+       type_t *expression_type = automatic_type_conversion(iter->type);
+
        select->compound_entry      = iter;
-       select->expression.datatype = iter->type;
+       select->expression.datatype = expression_type;
        return (expression_t*) select;
 }
 
@@ -2958,28 +3163,32 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
        call->expression.type   = EXPR_CALL;
        call->function          = expression;
 
-       function_type_t *function_type;
-       type_t          *orig_type     = expression->datatype;
-       type_t          *type          = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       function_type_t *function_type = NULL;
+       type_t          *orig_type     = expression->base.datatype;
+       if(orig_type != NULL) {
+               type_t *type  = skip_typeref(orig_type);
 
-       if(type->type == TYPE_POINTER) {
-               pointer_type_t *pointer_type = (pointer_type_t*) type;
+               if(is_type_pointer(type)) {
+                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
 
-               type = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
-       }
-       if (type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-               function_type             = (function_type_t*) type;
-               call->expression.datatype = function_type->result_type;
-       } else {
-               parser_print_error_prefix();
-               fputs("called object '", stderr);
-               print_expression(expression);
-               fputs("' (type ", stderr);
-               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
-               fputs(") is not a function\n", stderr);
+                       type = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
 
-               function_type             = NULL;
-               call->expression.datatype = NULL;
+                       if (type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+                               function_type             = &type->function;
+                               call->expression.datatype = function_type->result_type;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(function_type == NULL) {
+                       parser_print_error_prefix();
+                       fputs("called object '", stderr);
+                       print_expression(expression);
+                       fputs("' (type ", stderr);
+                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+                       fputs(") is not a pointer to a function\n", stderr);
+
+                       function_type             = NULL;
+                       call->expression.datatype = NULL;
+               }
        }
 
        /* parse arguments */
@@ -3033,7 +3242,8 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
                        } else {
                                /* do default promotion */
                                for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
-                                       type_t *type = argument->expression->datatype;
+                                       type_t *type = argument->expression->base.datatype;
+                                       type = skip_typeref(type);
 
                                        if(type == NULL)
                                                continue;
@@ -3043,6 +3253,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_call_expression(unsigned precedence,
                                        } else if(type == type_float) {
                                                type = type_double;
                                        }
+
                                        argument->expression
                                                = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, type);
                                }
@@ -3066,12 +3277,12 @@ static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
        conditional->condition       = expression;
 
        /* 6.5.15.2 */
-       type_t *condition_type_orig = conditional->condition->datatype;
+       type_t *condition_type_orig = conditional->condition->base.datatype;
        if(condition_type_orig != NULL) {
                type_t *condition_type      = skip_typeref(condition_type_orig);
                if(condition_type != NULL && !is_type_scalar(condition_type)) {
-                       type_error("expected a scalar type", expression->source_position,
-                                          condition_type_orig);
+                       type_error("expected a scalar type",
+                                  expression->base.source_position, condition_type_orig);
                }
        }
 
@@ -3081,10 +3292,10 @@ static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
        expression_t *const f_expr = parse_sub_expression(precedence);
        conditional->false_expression = f_expr;
 
-       type_t *const true_type  = t_expr->datatype;
+       type_t *const true_type  = t_expr->base.datatype;
        if(true_type == NULL)
                return (expression_t*) conditional;
-       type_t *const false_type = f_expr->datatype;
+       type_t *const false_type = f_expr->base.datatype;
        if(false_type == NULL)
                return (expression_t*) conditional;
 
@@ -3114,7 +3325,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(unsigned precedence,
                /* TODO */
        } else {
                type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional",
-                                       expression->source_position, true_type,
+                                       expression->base.source_position, true_type,
                                        skipped_false_type);
        }
 
@@ -3149,7 +3360,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(const unsigned precedence)
 
 static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
@@ -3166,7 +3377,7 @@ static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
 
 static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
@@ -3183,7 +3394,7 @@ static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
 
 static void semantic_unexpr_scalar(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
@@ -3198,7 +3409,7 @@ static void semantic_unexpr_scalar(unary_expression_t *expression)
 
 static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
@@ -3213,40 +3424,35 @@ static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
 
 static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
-       switch (type->type) {
-               case TYPE_ARRAY: {
-                       array_type_t *const array_type  = (array_type_t*)type;
-                       expression->expression.datatype = array_type->element_type;
-                       break;
-               }
+       if(!is_type_pointer(type)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fputs("Unary '*' needs pointer or arrray type, but type ", stderr);
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type);
+               fputs(" given.\n", stderr);
+               return;
+       }
 
-               case TYPE_POINTER: {
-                       pointer_type_t *pointer_type    = (pointer_type_t*)type;
-                       expression->expression.datatype = pointer_type->points_to;
-                       break;
-               }
+       pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
+       type_t         *result_type  = pointer_type->points_to;
 
-               default:
-                       parser_print_error_prefix();
-                       fputs("'Unary *' needs pointer or arrray type, but type ", stderr);
-                       print_type_quoted(orig_type);
-                       fputs(" given.\n", stderr);
-                       return;
-       }
+       result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
+       expression->expression.datatype = result_type;
 }
 
 static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *orig_type = expression->value->datatype;
+       expression_t *value  = expression->value;
+       value->base.datatype = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
+
+       type_t *orig_type = value->base.datatype;
        if(orig_type == NULL)
                return;
 
-       expression_t *value = expression->value;
        if(value->type == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                reference_expression_t *reference   = (reference_expression_t*) value;
                declaration_t          *declaration = reference->declaration;
@@ -3255,7 +3461,7 @@ static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
                }
        }
 
-       expression->expression.datatype = make_pointer_type(orig_type, 0);
+       expression->expression.datatype = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
 }
 
 #define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_type, unexpression_type, sfunc)   \
@@ -3331,7 +3537,9 @@ static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
 
        bool signed_left  = is_type_signed(type_left);
        bool signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
-       if(get_rank(type_left) < get_rank(type_right)) {
+       int  rank_left    = get_rank(type_left);
+       int  rank_right   = get_rank(type_right);
+       if(rank_left < rank_right) {
                if(signed_left == signed_right || !signed_right) {
                        return type_right;
                } else {
@@ -3350,8 +3558,8 @@ static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left       = expression->left;
        expression_t *right      = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3376,8 +3584,8 @@ static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left       = expression->left;
        expression_t *right      = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3404,8 +3612,8 @@ static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left            = expression->left;
        expression_t *right           = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3420,18 +3628,10 @@ static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
                expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
                expression->expression.datatype = arithmetic_type;
                return;
-       } else if(type_left->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
                expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
-       } else if(type_right->type == TYPE_POINTER && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
+       } else if(is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
                expression->expression.datatype = type_right;
-       } else if (type_left->type == TYPE_ARRAY && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
-               const array_type_t *const arr_type = (const array_type_t*)type_left;
-               expression->expression.datatype =
-                 make_pointer_type(arr_type->element_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
-       } else if (type_right->type == TYPE_ARRAY && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
-               const array_type_t *const arr_type = (const array_type_t*)type_right;
-               expression->expression.datatype =
-                       make_pointer_type(arr_type->element_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
        } else {
                parser_print_error_prefix();
                fprintf(stderr, "invalid operands to binary + (");
@@ -3446,8 +3646,8 @@ static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left            = expression->left;
        expression_t *right           = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3490,8 +3690,8 @@ static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left            = expression->left;
        expression_t *right           = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3523,8 +3723,8 @@ static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left            = expression->left;
        expression_t *right           = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3552,8 +3752,8 @@ static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left            = expression->left;
        expression_t *right           = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3586,8 +3786,8 @@ static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *left            = expression->left;
        expression_t *right           = expression->right;
-       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->datatype;
-       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left  = left->base.datatype;
+       type_t       *orig_type_right = right->base.datatype;
 
        if(orig_type_left == NULL || orig_type_right == NULL)
                return;
@@ -3605,26 +3805,68 @@ static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
        expression->expression.datatype = type_int;
 }
 
+static bool has_const_fields(type_t *type)
+{
+       (void) type;
+       /* TODO */
+       return false;
+}
+
 static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       expression_t *left       = expression->left;
-       type_t       *type_left  = left->datatype;
+       expression_t *left           = expression->left;
+       type_t       *orig_type_left = left->base.datatype;
 
-       if(type_left == NULL)
+       if(orig_type_left == NULL)
                return;
 
+       type_t *type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
+       type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
+
+       /* must be a modifiable lvalue */
        if (type_left->type == TYPE_ARRAY) {
-               parse_error("Cannot assign to arrays.");
-       } else if (type_left != NULL) {
-               semantic_assign(type_left, &expression->right, "assignment");
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "Cannot assign to arrays ('");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "')\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(type_left->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "assignment to readonly location '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' (type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "left-hand side of assignment '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' has incomplete type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+               return;
+       }
+       if(is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(type_left)) {
+               parser_print_error_prefix();
+               fprintf(stderr, "can't assign to '");
+               print_expression(left);
+               fprintf(stderr, "' because compound type ");
+               print_type_quoted(orig_type_left);
+               fprintf(stderr, " has readonly fields\n");
+               return;
        }
 
-       expression->expression.datatype = type_left;
+       semantic_assign(orig_type_left, &expression->right, "assignment");
+
+       expression->expression.datatype = orig_type_left;
 }
 
 static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       expression->expression.datatype = expression->right->datatype;
+       expression->expression.datatype = expression->right->base.datatype;
 }
 
 #define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_type, binexpression_type, sfunc, lr) \
@@ -3708,7 +3950,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
                left = parse_primary_expression();
        }
        assert(left != NULL);
-       left->source_position = source_position;
+       left->base.source_position = source_position;
 
        while(true) {
                if(token.type < 0) {
@@ -3725,7 +3967,7 @@ static expression_t *parse_sub_expression(unsigned precedence)
 
                assert(left != NULL);
                assert(left->type != EXPR_UNKNOWN);
-               left->source_position = source_position;
+               left->base.source_position = source_position;
        }
 
        return left;
@@ -3745,7 +3987,7 @@ static void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
 
        if(entry->parser != NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "for token ");
-               print_token_type(stderr, token_type);
+               print_token_type(stderr, (token_type_t) token_type);
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                panic("trying to register multiple expression parsers for a token");
        }
@@ -3761,7 +4003,7 @@ static void register_expression_infix_parser(
 
        if(entry->infix_parser != NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "for token ");
-               print_token_type(stderr, token_type);
+               print_token_type(stderr, (token_type_t) token_type);
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
                panic("trying to register multiple infix expression parsers for a "
                      "token");
@@ -4074,9 +4316,9 @@ static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
        eat(T_continue);
        expect(';');
 
-       statement_t *statement     = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->type            = STATEMENT_CONTINUE;
-       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
+       statement_t *statement          = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
+       statement->type                 = STATEMENT_CONTINUE;
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -4086,9 +4328,9 @@ static statement_t *parse_break(void)
        eat(T_break);
        expect(';');
 
-       statement_t *statement     = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
-       statement->type            = STATEMENT_BREAK;
-       statement->source_position = token.source_position;
+       statement_t *statement          = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(statement[0]));
+       statement->type                 = STATEMENT_BREAK;
+       statement->base.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -4103,14 +4345,25 @@ static statement_t *parse_return(void)
        statement->statement.source_position = token.source_position;
 
        assert(current_function->type->type == TYPE_FUNCTION);
-       function_type_t *function_type = (function_type_t*) current_function->type;
+       function_type_t *function_type = &current_function->type->function;
        type_t          *return_type   = function_type->result_type;
 
-       expression_t *return_value;
+       expression_t *return_value = NULL;
        if(token.type != ';') {
                return_value = parse_expression();
+       }
+       expect(';');
+
+       if(return_type == NULL)
+               return (statement_t*) statement;
+
+       return_type = skip_typeref(return_type);
 
-               if(return_type == type_void && return_value->datatype != type_void) {
+       if(return_value != NULL) {
+               type_t *return_value_type = skip_typeref(return_value->base.datatype);
+
+               if(is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)
+                               && !is_type_atomic(return_value_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
                        parse_warning("'return' with a value, in function returning void");
                        return_value = NULL;
                } else {
@@ -4119,16 +4372,13 @@ static statement_t *parse_return(void)
                        }
                }
        } else {
-               return_value = NULL;
-               if(return_type != type_void) {
+               if(!is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
                        parse_warning("'return' without value, in function returning "
                                      "non-void");
                }
        }
        statement->return_value = return_value;
 
-       expect(';');
-
        return (statement_t*) statement;
 }
 
@@ -4265,7 +4515,8 @@ static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
                break;
        }
 
-       assert(statement == NULL || statement->source_position.input_name != NULL);
+       assert(statement == NULL
+                       || statement->base.source_position.input_name != NULL);
 
        return statement;
 }
@@ -4291,13 +4542,13 @@ static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(void)
                        continue;
 
                if(last_statement != NULL) {
-                       last_statement->next = statement;
+                       last_statement->base.next = statement;
                } else {
                        compound_statement->statements = statement;
                }
 
-               while(statement->next != NULL)
-                       statement = statement->next;
+               while(statement->base.next != NULL)
+                       statement = statement->base.next;
 
                last_statement = statement;
        }
@@ -4369,17 +4620,16 @@ void init_parser(void)
        init_expression_parsers();
        obstack_init(&temp_obst);
 
-       type_int         = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, 0);
-       type_uint        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT, 0);
-       type_long_double = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE, 0);
-       type_double      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, 0);
-       type_float       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT, 0);
-       type_size_t      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG, 0);
-       type_ptrdiff_t   = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG, 0);
-       type_const_char  = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
-       type_void        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, 0);
-       type_void_ptr    = make_pointer_type(type_void, 0);
-       type_string      = make_pointer_type(type_const_char, 0);
+       type_int         = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_long_double = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_double      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_float       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_size_t      = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_ptrdiff_t   = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_char        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_void_ptr    = make_pointer_type(type_void, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
+       type_string      = make_pointer_type(type_char, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
 }
 
 void exit_parser(void)