Use streq() instead of strcmp() == 0.
[cparser] / lexer.c
diff --git a/lexer.c b/lexer.c
index 247083c..daeda8a 100644 (file)
--- a/lexer.c
+++ b/lexer.c
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
  */
 #include <config.h>
 
+#include "adt/strutil.h"
+#include "input.h"
 #include "diagnostic.h"
 #include "lexer.h"
 #include "symbol_t.h"
 #include <strings.h>
 #endif
 
-//#define DEBUG_CHARS
-#define MAX_PUTBACK 3
+#define MAX_PUTBACK 16    // 3 would be enough, but 16 gives a nicer alignment
 #define BUF_SIZE    1024
 
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-/* No strtold on windows and no replacement yet */
-#define strtold(s, e) strtod(s, e)
-#endif
-
-typedef unsigned int utf32;
-
-static utf32        c;
-token_t             lexer_token;
-symbol_t           *symbol_L;
-static FILE        *input;
-static utf32        buf[BUF_SIZE + MAX_PUTBACK];
-static const utf32 *bufend;
-static const utf32 *bufpos;
-static strset_t     stringset;
-bool                allow_dollar_in_symbol = true;
+static input_t           *input;
+static utf32              input_buf[BUF_SIZE + MAX_PUTBACK];
+static const utf32       *bufpos;
+static const utf32       *bufend;
+static utf32              c;
+static source_position_t  lexer_pos;
+token_t                   lexer_token;
+static symbol_t          *symbol_L;
+static strset_t           stringset;
+bool                      allow_dollar_in_symbol = true;
 
 /**
  * Prints a parse error message at the current token.
@@ -72,7 +67,7 @@ bool                allow_dollar_in_symbol = true;
  */
 static void parse_error(const char *msg)
 {
-       errorf(&lexer_token.source_position, "%s", msg);
+       errorf(&lexer_pos, "%s", msg);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -82,281 +77,23 @@ static void parse_error(const char *msg)
  */
 static NORETURN internal_error(const char *msg)
 {
-       internal_errorf(&lexer_token.source_position, "%s", msg);
-}
-
-static size_t read_block(unsigned char *const read_buf, size_t const n)
-{
-       size_t const s = fread(read_buf, 1, n, input);
-       if (s == 0) {
-               if (ferror(input))
-                       parse_error("read from input failed");
-               buf[MAX_PUTBACK] = EOF;
-               bufpos           = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-               bufend           = buf + MAX_PUTBACK + 1;
-       }
-       return s;
-}
-
-static void decode_iso_8859_1(void)
-{
-       unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
-       size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
-       if (s == 0)
-               return;
-
-       unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
-       unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
-       utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-       while (src != end)
-               *dst++ = *src++;
-
-       bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-       bufend = dst;
-}
-
-static void decode_iso_8859_15(void)
-{
-       unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
-       size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
-       if (s == 0)
-               return;
-
-       unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
-       unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
-       utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-       while (src != end) {
-               utf32 tc = *src++;
-               switch (tc) {
-                       case 0xA4: tc = 0x20AC; break; // €
-                       case 0xA6: tc = 0x0160; break; // Š
-                       case 0xA8: tc = 0x0161; break; // š
-                       case 0xB4: tc = 0x017D; break; // Ž
-                       case 0xB8: tc = 0x017E; break; // ž
-                       case 0xBC: tc = 0x0152; break; // Œ
-                       case 0xBD: tc = 0x0153; break; // œ
-                       case 0xBE: tc = 0x0178; break; // Ÿ
-               }
-               *dst++ = tc;
-       }
-
-       bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-       bufend = dst;
-}
-
-static void decode_utf8(void)
-{
-       static utf32  part_decoded_min_code;
-       static utf32  part_decoded_char;
-       static size_t part_decoded_rest_len;
-
-       do {
-               unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
-               size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
-               if (s == 0) {
-                       if (part_decoded_rest_len > 0)
-                               parse_error("incomplete input char at end of input");
-                       return;
-               }
-
-               unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
-               unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
-               utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-               utf32                decoded;
-               utf32                min_code;
-
-               if (part_decoded_rest_len != 0) {
-                       min_code              = part_decoded_min_code;
-                       decoded               = part_decoded_char;
-                       size_t const rest_len = part_decoded_rest_len;
-                       part_decoded_rest_len = 0;
-                       switch (rest_len) {
-                               case 4:  goto realign;
-                               case 3:  goto three_more;
-                               case 2:  goto two_more;
-                               default: goto one_more;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               while (src != end) {
-                       if ((*src & 0x80) == 0) {
-                               decoded = *src++;
-                       } else if ((*src & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
-                               min_code = 0x80;
-                               decoded  = *src++ & 0x1F;
-one_more:
-                               if (src == end) {
-                                       part_decoded_min_code = min_code;
-                                       part_decoded_char     = decoded;
-                                       part_decoded_rest_len = 1;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               if ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-                                       decoded = (decoded << 6) | (*src++ & 0x3F);
-                               } else {
-                                       goto invalid_char;
-                               }
-                               if (decoded < min_code                      ||
-                                               decoded > 0x10FFFF                      ||
-                                               (0xD800 <= decoded && decoded < 0xE000) || // high/low surrogates
-                                               (0xFDD0 <= decoded && decoded < 0xFDF0) || // noncharacters
-                                               (decoded & 0xFFFE) == 0xFFFE) {            // noncharacters
-                                       parse_error("invalid byte sequence in input");
-                               }
-                       } else if ((*src & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
-                               min_code = 0x800;
-                               decoded  = *src++ & 0x0F;
-two_more:
-                               if (src == end) {
-                                       part_decoded_min_code = min_code;
-                                       part_decoded_char     = decoded;
-                                       part_decoded_rest_len = 2;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               if ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-                                       decoded = (decoded << 6) | (*src++ & 0x3F);
-                               } else {
-                                       goto invalid_char;
-                               }
-                               goto one_more;
-                       } else if ((*src & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
-                               min_code = 0x10000;
-                               decoded  = *src++ & 0x07;
-three_more:
-                               if (src == end) {
-                                       part_decoded_min_code = min_code;
-                                       part_decoded_char     = decoded;
-                                       part_decoded_rest_len = 3;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               if ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-                                       decoded = (decoded << 6) | (*src++ & 0x3F);
-                               } else {
-                                       goto invalid_char;
-                               }
-                               goto two_more;
-                       } else {
-invalid_char:
-                               parse_error("invalid byte sequence in input");
-realign:
-                               do {
-                                       ++src;
-                                       if (src == end) {
-                                               part_decoded_rest_len = 4;
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               } while ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80 || (*src & 0xF8) == 0xF8);
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       *dst++ = decoded;
-               }
-
-               bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-               bufend = dst;
-       } while (bufpos == bufend);
-}
-
-static void decode_windows_1252(void)
-{
-       unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
-       size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
-       if (s == 0)
-               return;
-
-       unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
-       unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
-       utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-       while (src != end) {
-               utf32 tc = *src++;
-               switch (tc) {
-                       case 0x80: tc = 0x20AC; break; // €
-                       case 0x82: tc = 0x201A; break; // ‚
-                       case 0x83: tc = 0x0192; break; // ƒ
-                       case 0x84: tc = 0x201E; break; // „
-                       case 0x85: tc = 0x2026; break; // …
-                       case 0x86: tc = 0x2020; break; // †
-                       case 0x87: tc = 0x2021; break; // ‡
-                       case 0x88: tc = 0x02C6; break; // ˆ
-                       case 0x89: tc = 0x2030; break; // ‰
-                       case 0x8A: tc = 0x0160; break; // Š
-                       case 0x8B: tc = 0x2039; break; // ‹
-                       case 0x8C: tc = 0x0152; break; // Œ
-                       case 0x8E: tc = 0x017D; break; // Ž
-                       case 0x91: tc = 0x2018; break; // ‘
-                       case 0x92: tc = 0x2019; break; // ’
-                       case 0x93: tc = 0x201C; break; // “
-                       case 0x94: tc = 0x201D; break; // ”
-                       case 0x95: tc = 0x2022; break; // •
-                       case 0x96: tc = 0x2013; break; // –
-                       case 0x97: tc = 0x2014; break; // —
-                       case 0x98: tc = 0x02DC; break; // ˜
-                       case 0x99: tc = 0x2122; break; // ™
-                       case 0x9A: tc = 0x0161; break; // š
-                       case 0x9B: tc = 0x203A; break; // ›
-                       case 0x9C: tc = 0x0153; break; // œ
-                       case 0x9E: tc = 0x017E; break; // ž
-                       case 0x9F: tc = 0x0178; break; // Ÿ
-               }
-               *dst++ = tc;
-       }
-
-       bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-       bufend = dst;
-}
-
-typedef void (*decoder_t)(void);
-
-static decoder_t decoder = decode_utf8;
-
-typedef struct named_decoder_t {
-       char const *name;
-       decoder_t   decoder;
-} named_decoder_t;
-
-static named_decoder_t const decoders[] = {
-       { "CP819",           decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "IBM819",          decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "ISO-8859-1",      decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "ISO-8859-15",     decode_iso_8859_15  }, // offical name
-       { "ISO8859-1",       decode_iso_8859_1   },
-       { "ISO8859-15",      decode_iso_8859_15  },
-       { "ISO_8859-1",      decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "ISO_8859-15",     decode_iso_8859_15  }, // offical alias
-       { "ISO_8859-1:1987", decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical name
-       { "Latin-9",         decode_iso_8859_15  }, // offical alias
-       { "UTF-8",           decode_utf8         }, // offical name
-       { "csISOLatin1",     decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "cp1252",          decode_windows_1252 },
-       { "iso-ir-100",      decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "l1",              decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "latin1",          decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
-       { "windows-1252",    decode_windows_1252 }, // official name
-
-       { NULL,              NULL                }
-};
-
-void select_input_encoding(char const* const encoding)
-{
-       for (named_decoder_t const *i = decoders; i->name != NULL; ++i) {
-               if (strcasecmp(encoding, i->name) != 0)
-                       continue;
-               decoder = i->decoder;
-               return;
-       }
-       fprintf(stderr, "error: input encoding \"%s\" not supported\n", encoding);
+       internal_errorf(&lexer_pos, "%s", msg);
 }
 
 static inline void next_real_char(void)
 {
        assert(bufpos <= bufend);
        if (bufpos >= bufend) {
-               if (input == NULL) {
+               size_t n = decode(input, input_buf+MAX_PUTBACK, BUF_SIZE);
+               if (n == 0) {
                        c = EOF;
                        return;
                }
-               decoder();
+               bufpos = input_buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+               bufend = bufpos + n;
        }
        c = *bufpos++;
+       ++lexer_pos.colno;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -366,36 +103,30 @@ static inline void next_real_char(void)
  */
 static inline void put_back(utf32 const pc)
 {
-       assert(bufpos > buf);
-       *(--bufpos - buf + buf) = pc;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_CHARS
-       printf("putback '%lc'\n", pc);
-#endif
+       *(--bufpos - input_buf + input_buf) = pc;
+       --lexer_pos.colno;
 }
 
 static inline void next_char(void);
 
-#define MATCH_NEWLINE(code)                   \
-       case '\r':                                \
-               next_char();                          \
-               if(c == '\n') {                       \
-                       next_char();                      \
-               }                                     \
-               lexer_token.source_position.linenr++; \
-               code                                  \
-       case '\n':                                \
-               next_char();                          \
-               lexer_token.source_position.linenr++; \
+#define MATCH_NEWLINE(code)  \
+       case '\r':               \
+               next_char();         \
+               if (c == '\n') {     \
+       case '\n':               \
+                       next_char();     \
+               }                    \
+               lexer_pos.lineno++;  \
+               lexer_pos.colno = 1; \
                code
 
-#define eat(c_type)  do { assert(c == c_type); next_char(); } while(0)
+#define eat(c_type) (assert(c == c_type), next_char())
 
 static void maybe_concat_lines(void)
 {
        eat('\\');
 
-       switch(c) {
+       switch (c) {
        MATCH_NEWLINE(return;)
 
        default:
@@ -415,23 +146,23 @@ static inline void next_char(void)
        next_real_char();
 
        /* filter trigraphs */
-       if(UNLIKELY(c == '\\')) {
+       if (UNLIKELY(c == '\\')) {
                maybe_concat_lines();
-               goto end_of_next_char;
+               return;
        }
 
-       if(LIKELY(c != '?'))
-               goto end_of_next_char;
+       if (LIKELY(c != '?'))
+               return;
 
        next_real_char();
-       if(LIKELY(c != '?')) {
+       if (LIKELY(c != '?')) {
                put_back(c);
                c = '?';
-               goto end_of_next_char;
+               return;
        }
 
        next_real_char();
-       switch(c) {
+       switch (c) {
        case '=': c = '#'; break;
        case '(': c = '['; break;
        case '/': c = '\\'; maybe_concat_lines(); break;
@@ -447,11 +178,6 @@ static inline void next_char(void)
                c = '?';
                break;
        }
-
-end_of_next_char:;
-#ifdef DEBUG_CHARS
-       printf("nchar '%c'\n", c);
-#endif
 }
 
 #define SYMBOL_CHARS  \
@@ -528,14 +254,11 @@ end_of_next_char:;
  */
 static void parse_symbol(void)
 {
-       symbol_t *symbol;
-       char     *string;
-
        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
        next_char();
 
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
                DIGITS
                SYMBOL_CHARS
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
@@ -551,221 +274,60 @@ dollar_sign:
 end_symbol:
        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
 
-       string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
-       symbol = symbol_table_insert(string);
+       char     *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       symbol_t *symbol = symbol_table_insert(string);
 
-       lexer_token.type     = symbol->ID;
-       lexer_token.v.symbol = symbol;
+       lexer_token.kind              = symbol->ID;
+       lexer_token.identifier.symbol = symbol;
 
-       if(symbol->string != string) {
+       if (symbol->string != string) {
                obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
        }
 }
 
-static void parse_integer_suffix(bool is_oct_hex)
-{
-       bool is_unsigned     = false;
-       bool min_long        = false;
-       bool min_longlong    = false;
-       bool not_traditional = false;
-       int  pos             = 0;
-       char suffix[4];
-
-       if (c == 'U' || c == 'u') {
-               not_traditional = true;
-               suffix[pos++]   = toupper(c);
-               is_unsigned     = true;
-               next_char();
-               if (c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
-                       suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
-                       min_long = true;
-                       next_char();
-                       if (c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
-                               suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
-                               min_longlong = true;
-                               next_char();
-                       }
-               }
-       } else if (c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
-               suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
-               min_long = true;
-               next_char();
-               if (c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
-                       not_traditional = true;
-                       suffix[pos++]   = toupper(c);
-                       min_longlong    = true;
-                       next_char();
-                       if (c == 'u' || c == 'U') {
-                               suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
-                               is_unsigned   = true;
-                               next_char();
-                       }
-               } else if (c == 'u' || c == 'U') {
-                       not_traditional = true;
-                       suffix[pos++]   = toupper(c);
-                       is_unsigned     = true;
-                       next_char();
-                       lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (warning.traditional && not_traditional) {
-               suffix[pos] = '\0';
-               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                       "traditional C rejects the '%s' suffix", suffix);
-       }
-       if (!is_unsigned) {
-               long long v = lexer_token.v.intvalue;
-               if (!min_long) {
-                       if (v >= TARGET_INT_MIN && v <= TARGET_INT_MAX) {
-                               lexer_token.datatype = type_int;
-                               return;
-                       } else if (is_oct_hex && v >= 0 && v <= TARGET_UINT_MAX) {
-                               lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_int;
-                               return;
-                       }
-               }
-               if (!min_longlong) {
-                       if (v >= TARGET_LONG_MIN && v <= TARGET_LONG_MAX) {
-                               lexer_token.datatype = type_long;
-                               return;
-                       } else if (is_oct_hex && v >= 0 && (unsigned long long)v <= (unsigned long long)TARGET_ULONG_MAX) {
-                               lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long;
-                               return;
-                       }
-               }
-               unsigned long long uv = (unsigned long long) v;
-               if (is_oct_hex && uv > (unsigned long long) TARGET_LONGLONG_MAX) {
-                       lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long_long;
-                       return;
-               }
-
-               lexer_token.datatype = type_long_long;
-       } else {
-               unsigned long long v = (unsigned long long) lexer_token.v.intvalue;
-               if (!min_long && v <= TARGET_UINT_MAX) {
-                       lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_int;
-                       return;
-               }
-               if (!min_longlong && v <= TARGET_ULONG_MAX) {
-                       lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long;
-                       return;
-               }
-               lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long_long;
-       }
-}
-
-static void parse_floating_suffix(void)
+static string_t identify_string(char *string, size_t len)
 {
-       switch(c) {
-       /* TODO: do something useful with the suffixes... */
-       case 'f':
-       case 'F':
-               if (warning.traditional) {
-                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                               "traditional C rejects the 'F' suffix");
-               }
-               next_char();
-               lexer_token.datatype = type_float;
-               break;
-       case 'l':
-       case 'L':
-               if (warning.traditional) {
-                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                               "traditional C rejects the 'F' suffix");
-               }
-               next_char();
-               lexer_token.datatype = type_long_double;
-               break;
-       default:
-               lexer_token.datatype = type_double;
-               break;
+       /* TODO hash */
+#if 0
+       const char *result = strset_insert(&stringset, concat);
+       if (result != concat) {
+               obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, concat);
        }
+#else
+       const char *result = string;
+#endif
+       return (string_t) {result, len};
 }
 
 /**
- * A replacement for strtoull. Only those parts needed for
- * our parser are implemented.
+ * parse suffixes like 'LU' or 'f' after numbers
  */
-static unsigned long long parse_int_string(const char *s, const char **endptr, int base)
+static void parse_number_suffix(void)
 {
-       unsigned long long v = 0;
-
-       switch (base) {
-       case 16:
-               for (;; ++s) {
-                       /* check for overrun */
-                       if (v >= 0x1000000000000000ULL)
-                               break;
-                       switch (tolower(*s)) {
-                       case '0': v <<= 4; break;
-                       case '1': v <<= 4; v |= 0x1; break;
-                       case '2': v <<= 4; v |= 0x2; break;
-                       case '3': v <<= 4; v |= 0x3; break;
-                       case '4': v <<= 4; v |= 0x4; break;
-                       case '5': v <<= 4; v |= 0x5; break;
-                       case '6': v <<= 4; v |= 0x6; break;
-                       case '7': v <<= 4; v |= 0x7; break;
-                       case '8': v <<= 4; v |= 0x8; break;
-                       case '9': v <<= 4; v |= 0x9; break;
-                       case 'a': v <<= 4; v |= 0xa; break;
-                       case 'b': v <<= 4; v |= 0xb; break;
-                       case 'c': v <<= 4; v |= 0xc; break;
-                       case 'd': v <<= 4; v |= 0xd; break;
-                       case 'e': v <<= 4; v |= 0xe; break;
-                       case 'f': v <<= 4; v |= 0xf; break;
-                       default:
-                               goto end;
-                       }
-               }
-               break;
-       case 8:
-               for (;; ++s) {
-                       /* check for overrun */
-                       if (v >= 0x2000000000000000ULL)
-                               break;
-                       switch (tolower(*s)) {
-                       case '0': v <<= 3; break;
-                       case '1': v <<= 3; v |= 1; break;
-                       case '2': v <<= 3; v |= 2; break;
-                       case '3': v <<= 3; v |= 3; break;
-                       case '4': v <<= 3; v |= 4; break;
-                       case '5': v <<= 3; v |= 5; break;
-                       case '6': v <<= 3; v |= 6; break;
-                       case '7': v <<= 3; v |= 7; break;
-                       default:
-                               goto end;
-                       }
-               }
-               break;
-       case 10:
-               for (;; ++s) {
-                       /* check for overrun */
-                       if (v > 0x1999999999999999ULL)
-                               break;
-                       switch (tolower(*s)) {
-                       case '0': v *= 10; break;
-                       case '1': v *= 10; v += 1; break;
-                       case '2': v *= 10; v += 2; break;
-                       case '3': v *= 10; v += 3; break;
-                       case '4': v *= 10; v += 4; break;
-                       case '5': v *= 10; v += 5; break;
-                       case '6': v *= 10; v += 6; break;
-                       case '7': v *= 10; v += 7; break;
-                       case '8': v *= 10; v += 8; break;
-                       case '9': v *= 10; v += 9; break;
-                       default:
-                               goto end;
-                       }
+       assert(obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) == 0);
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
+               SYMBOL_CHARS
+                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+                       next_char();
+                       break;
+               default:
+               dollar_sign:
+                       goto finish_suffix;
                }
-               break;
-       default:
-               assert(0);
-               break;
        }
-end:
-       *endptr = s;
-       return v;
+finish_suffix:
+       if (obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) == 0) {
+               lexer_token.number.suffix.begin = NULL;
+               lexer_token.number.suffix.size  = 0;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
+       size_t    size   = obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack);
+       char     *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+
+       lexer_token.number.suffix = identify_string(string, size);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -774,29 +336,29 @@ end:
  */
 static void parse_number_hex(void)
 {
-       bool is_float = false;
-       assert(c == 'x' || c == 'X');
-       next_char();
-
-       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '0');
-       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, 'x');
+       bool is_float   = false;
+       bool has_digits = false;
 
-       while(isxdigit(c)) {
+       assert(obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) == 0);
+       while (isxdigit(c)) {
+               has_digits = true;
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
        }
 
        if (c == '.') {
+               is_float = true;
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
 
                while (isxdigit(c)) {
+                       has_digits = true;
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                        next_char();
                }
-               is_float = true;
        }
        if (c == 'p' || c == 'P') {
+               is_float = true;
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
 
@@ -809,39 +371,27 @@ static void parse_number_hex(void)
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                        next_char();
                }
-               is_float = true;
+       } else if (is_float) {
+               errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position,
+                      "hexadecimal floatingpoint constant requires an exponent");
        }
-
        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
-       char *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
-       if(*string == '\0') {
-               parse_error("invalid hex number");
-               lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
-               obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
-               return;
-       }
 
-       if (is_float) {
-               char *endptr;
-               lexer_token.type         = T_FLOATINGPOINT;
-               lexer_token.v.floatvalue = strtold(string, &endptr);
+       size_t  size   = obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) - 1;
+       char   *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       lexer_token.number.number = identify_string(string, size);
 
-               if(*endptr != '\0') {
-                       parse_error("invalid hex float literal");
-               }
+       lexer_token.kind    =
+               is_float ? T_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL : T_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL;
 
-               parse_floating_suffix();
-       } else {
-               const char *endptr;
-               lexer_token.type       = T_INTEGER;
-               lexer_token.v.intvalue = parse_int_string(string + 2, &endptr, 16);
-               if(*endptr != '\0') {
-                       parse_error("hex number literal too long");
-               }
-               parse_integer_suffix(true);
+       if (!has_digits) {
+               errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position,
+                      "invalid number literal '0x%S'", &lexer_token.number.number);
+               lexer_token.number.number.begin = "0";
+               lexer_token.number.number.size  = 1;
        }
 
-       obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
+       parse_number_suffix();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -849,150 +399,93 @@ static void parse_number_hex(void)
  *
  * @param char  the character to check
  */
-static inline bool is_octal_digit(utf32 chr)
+static bool is_octal_digit(utf32 chr)
 {
-       switch(chr) {
-       case '0':
-       case '1':
-       case '2':
-       case '3':
-       case '4':
-       case '5':
-       case '6':
-       case '7':
-               return true;
-       default:
-               return false;
-       }
+       return '0' <= chr && chr <= '7';
 }
 
 /**
- * Parses a octal number and set the lexer_token.
+ * Parses a number and sets the lexer_token.
  */
-static void parse_number_oct(void)
+static void parse_number(void)
 {
-       while(is_octal_digit(c)) {
-               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
-               next_char();
-       }
-       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
-       char *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       bool is_float   = false;
+       bool has_digits = false;
 
-       const char *endptr;
-       lexer_token.type       = T_INTEGER;
-       lexer_token.v.intvalue = parse_int_string(string, &endptr, 8);
-       if(*endptr != '\0') {
-               parse_error("octal number literal too long");
+       assert(obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) == 0);
+       if (c == '0') {
+               next_char();
+               if (c == 'x' || c == 'X') {
+                       next_char();
+                       parse_number_hex();
+                       return;
+               } else {
+                       has_digits = true;
+               }
+               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '0');
        }
 
-       obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
-       parse_integer_suffix(true);
-}
-
-/**
- * Parses a decimal including float number and set the
- * lexer_token.
- */
-static void parse_number_dec(void)
-{
-       bool is_float = false;
        while (isdigit(c)) {
+               has_digits = true;
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
        }
 
        if (c == '.') {
+               is_float = true;
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '.');
                next_char();
 
                while (isdigit(c)) {
+                       has_digits = true;
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                        next_char();
                }
-               is_float = true;
        }
-       if(c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
-               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+       if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+               is_float = true;
+               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, 'e');
                next_char();
 
-               if(c == '-' || c == '+') {
+               if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                        next_char();
                }
 
-               while(isdigit(c)) {
+               while (isdigit(c)) {
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                        next_char();
                }
-               is_float = true;
        }
 
        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
-       char *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       size_t  size   = obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) - 1;
+       char   *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       lexer_token.number.number = identify_string(string, size);
 
-       if(is_float) {
-               char *endptr;
-               lexer_token.type         = T_FLOATINGPOINT;
-               lexer_token.v.floatvalue = strtold(string, &endptr);
-
-               if(*endptr != '\0') {
-                       parse_error("invalid number literal");
+       /* is it an octal number? */
+       if (is_float) {
+               lexer_token.kind = T_FLOATINGPOINT;
+       } else if (string[0] == '0') {
+               lexer_token.kind = T_INTEGER_OCTAL;
+
+               /* check for invalid octal digits */
+               for (size_t i= 0; i < size; ++i) {
+                       char t = string[i];
+                       if (t >= '8')
+                               errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position,
+                                      "invalid digit '%c' in octal number", t);
                }
-
-               parse_floating_suffix();
        } else {
-               const char *endptr;
-               lexer_token.type       = T_INTEGER;
-               lexer_token.v.intvalue = parse_int_string(string, &endptr, 10);
-
-               if(*endptr != '\0') {
-                       parse_error("invalid number literal");
-               }
-
-               parse_integer_suffix(false);
+               lexer_token.kind = T_INTEGER;
        }
-       obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
-}
 
-/**
- * Parses a number and sets the lexer_token.
- */
-static void parse_number(void)
-{
-       if (c == '0') {
-               next_char();
-               switch (c) {
-                       case 'X':
-                       case 'x':
-                               parse_number_hex();
-                               break;
-                       case '0':
-                       case '1':
-                       case '2':
-                       case '3':
-                       case '4':
-                       case '5':
-                       case '6':
-                       case '7':
-                               parse_number_oct();
-                               break;
-                       case '8':
-                       case '9':
-                               next_char();
-                               parse_error("invalid octal number");
-                               lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
-                               return;
-                       case '.':
-                       case 'e':
-                       case 'E':
-                       default:
-                               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '0');
-                               parse_number_dec();
-                               return;
-               }
-       } else {
-               parse_number_dec();
+       if (!has_digits) {
+               errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position, "invalid number literal '%S'",
+                      &lexer_token.number.number);
        }
+
+       parse_number_suffix();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1053,7 +546,7 @@ static utf32 parse_octal_sequence(utf32 const first_digit)
 static utf32 parse_hex_sequence(void)
 {
        utf32 value = 0;
-       while(isxdigit(c)) {
+       while (isxdigit(c)) {
                value = 16 * value + digit_value(c);
                next_char();
        }
@@ -1102,12 +595,17 @@ static utf32 parse_escape_sequence(void)
        case 'e':
                if (c_mode & _GNUC)
                        return 27;   /* hopefully 27 is ALWAYS the code for ESCAPE */
-               /* FALLTHROUGH */
-       default:
-               /* §6.4.4.4:8 footnote 64 */
-               parse_error("unknown escape sequence");
+               break;
+       case 'u':
+       case 'U':
+               parse_error("universal character parsing not implemented yet");
                return EOF;
+       default:
+               break;
        }
+       /* §6.4.4.4:8 footnote 64 */
+       parse_error("unknown escape sequence");
+       return EOF;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1122,104 +620,16 @@ string_t concat_strings(const string_t *const s1, const string_t *const s2)
        memcpy(concat, s1->begin, len1);
        memcpy(concat + len1, s2->begin, len2 + 1);
 
-       if (warning.traditional) {
-               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
-       }
-#if 0 /* TODO hash */
-       const char *result = strset_insert(&stringset, concat);
-       if(result != concat) {
-               obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, concat);
-       }
-
-       return result;
-#else
-       return (string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
-#endif
+       return identify_string(concat, len1 + len2 + 1);
 }
 
-/**
- * Concatenate a string and a wide string.
- */
-wide_string_t concat_string_wide_string(const string_t *const s1, const wide_string_t *const s2)
+string_t make_string(const char *string)
 {
-       const size_t len1 = s1->size - 1;
-       const size_t len2 = s2->size - 1;
-
-       wchar_rep_t *const concat = obstack_alloc(&symbol_obstack, (len1 + len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
-       const char *const src = s1->begin;
-       for (size_t i = 0; i != len1; ++i) {
-               concat[i] = src[i];
-       }
-       memcpy(concat + len1, s2->begin, (len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
-       if (warning.traditional) {
-               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
-       }
+       size_t      len   = strlen(string) + 1;
+       char *const space = obstack_alloc(&symbol_obstack, len);
+       memcpy(space, string, len);
 
-       return (wide_string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
-}
-
-/**
- * Concatenate two wide strings.
- */
-wide_string_t concat_wide_strings(const wide_string_t *const s1, const wide_string_t *const s2)
-{
-       const size_t len1 = s1->size - 1;
-       const size_t len2 = s2->size - 1;
-
-       wchar_rep_t *const concat = obstack_alloc(&symbol_obstack, (len1 + len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
-       memcpy(concat,        s1->begin, len1       * sizeof(*concat));
-       memcpy(concat + len1, s2->begin, (len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
-       if (warning.traditional) {
-               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
-       }
-
-       return (wide_string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
-}
-
-/**
- * Concatenate a wide string and a string.
- */
-wide_string_t concat_wide_string_string(const wide_string_t *const s1, const string_t *const s2)
-{
-       const size_t len1 = s1->size - 1;
-       const size_t len2 = s2->size - 1;
-
-       wchar_rep_t *const concat = obstack_alloc(&symbol_obstack, (len1 + len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
-       memcpy(concat, s1->begin, len1 * sizeof(*concat));
-       const char  *const src = s2->begin;
-       wchar_rep_t *const dst = concat + len1;
-       for (size_t i = 0; i != len2 + 1; ++i) {
-               dst[i] = src[i];
-       }
-       if (warning.traditional) {
-               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
-       }
-
-       return (wide_string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
-}
-
-static void grow_symbol(utf32 const tc)
-{
-       struct obstack *const o  = &symbol_obstack;
-       if (tc < 0x80U) {
-               obstack_1grow(o, tc);
-       } else if (tc < 0x800) {
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0xC0 | (tc >> 6));
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | (tc & 0x3F));
-       } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0xE0 | ( tc >> 12));
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F));
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F));
-       } else {
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0xF0 | ( tc >> 18));
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F));
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F));
-               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F));
-       }
+       return identify_string(space, len);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1227,28 +637,22 @@ static void grow_symbol(utf32 const tc)
  */
 static void parse_string_literal(void)
 {
-       const unsigned start_linenr = lexer_token.source_position.linenr;
-
        eat('"');
 
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
                case '\\': {
                        utf32 const tc = parse_escape_sequence();
                        if (tc >= 0x100) {
-                               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                                               "escape sequence out of range");
+                               warningf(WARN_OTHER, &lexer_pos, "escape sequence out of range");
                        }
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, tc);
                        break;
                }
 
                case EOF: {
-                       source_position_t source_position;
-                       source_position.input_name = lexer_token.source_position.input_name;
-                       source_position.linenr     = start_linenr;
-                       errorf(&source_position, "string has no end");
-                       lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
+                       errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position, "string has no end");
+                       lexer_token.kind = T_ERROR;
                        return;
                }
 
@@ -1257,7 +661,7 @@ static void parse_string_literal(void)
                        goto end_of_string;
 
                default:
-                       grow_symbol(c);
+                       obstack_grow_symbol(&symbol_obstack, c);
                        next_char();
                        break;
                }
@@ -1269,22 +673,11 @@ end_of_string:
 
        /* add finishing 0 to the string */
        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
-       const size_t      size   = (size_t)obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack);
-       const char *const string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
-
-#if 0 /* TODO hash */
-       /* check if there is already a copy of the string */
-       result = strset_insert(&stringset, string);
-       if(result != string) {
-               obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
-       }
-#else
-       const char *const result = string;
-#endif
+       const size_t  size   = (size_t)obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack);
+       char         *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
 
-       lexer_token.type           = T_STRING_LITERAL;
-       lexer_token.v.string.begin = result;
-       lexer_token.v.string.size  = size;
+       lexer_token.kind          = T_STRING_LITERAL;
+       lexer_token.string.string = identify_string(string, size);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1292,15 +685,13 @@ end_of_string:
  */
 static void parse_wide_character_constant(void)
 {
-       const unsigned start_linenr = lexer_token.source_position.linenr;
-
        eat('\'');
 
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
                case '\\': {
-                       wchar_rep_t tc = parse_escape_sequence();
-                       obstack_grow(&symbol_obstack, &tc, sizeof(tc));
+                       const utf32 tc = parse_escape_sequence();
+                       obstack_grow_symbol(&symbol_obstack, tc);
                        break;
                }
 
@@ -1314,33 +705,30 @@ static void parse_wide_character_constant(void)
                        goto end_of_wide_char_constant;
 
                case EOF: {
-                       source_position_t source_position = lexer_token.source_position;
-                       source_position.linenr = start_linenr;
-                       errorf(&source_position, "EOF while parsing character constant");
-                       lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
+                       errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position,
+                              "EOF while parsing character constant");
+                       lexer_token.kind = T_ERROR;
                        return;
                }
 
-               default: {
-                       wchar_rep_t tc = (wchar_rep_t) c;
-                       obstack_grow(&symbol_obstack, &tc, sizeof(tc));
+               default:
+                       obstack_grow_symbol(&symbol_obstack, c);
                        next_char();
                        break;
                }
-               }
        }
 
 end_of_wide_char_constant:;
-       size_t             size   = (size_t) obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack);
-       assert(size % sizeof(wchar_rep_t) == 0);
-       size /= sizeof(wchar_rep_t);
+       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
+       size_t  size   = (size_t) obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) - 1;
+       char   *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
 
-       const wchar_rep_t *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       lexer_token.kind          = T_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT;
+       lexer_token.string.string = identify_string(string, size);
 
-       lexer_token.type                = T_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT;
-       lexer_token.v.wide_string.begin = string;
-       lexer_token.v.wide_string.size  = size;
-       lexer_token.datatype            = type_wchar_t;
+       if (size == 0) {
+               errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position, "empty character constant");
+       }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1348,64 +736,9 @@ end_of_wide_char_constant:;
  */
 static void parse_wide_string_literal(void)
 {
-       const unsigned start_linenr = lexer_token.source_position.linenr;
-
-       assert(c == '"');
-       next_char();
-
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
-               case '\\': {
-                       wchar_rep_t tc = parse_escape_sequence();
-                       obstack_grow(&symbol_obstack, &tc, sizeof(tc));
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               case EOF: {
-                       source_position_t source_position;
-                       source_position.input_name = lexer_token.source_position.input_name;
-                       source_position.linenr     = start_linenr;
-                       errorf(&source_position, "string has no end");
-                       lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
-                       return;
-               }
-
-               case '"':
-                       next_char();
-                       goto end_of_string;
-
-               default: {
-                       wchar_rep_t tc = c;
-                       obstack_grow(&symbol_obstack, &tc, sizeof(tc));
-                       next_char();
-                       break;
-               }
-               }
-       }
-
-end_of_string:;
-
-       /* TODO: concatenate multiple strings separated by whitespace... */
-
-       /* add finishing 0 to the string */
-       wchar_rep_t nul = L'\0';
-       obstack_grow(&symbol_obstack, &nul, sizeof(nul));
-       const size_t             size   = (size_t)obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack) / sizeof(wchar_rep_t);
-       const wchar_rep_t *const string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
-
-#if 0 /* TODO hash */
-       /* check if there is already a copy of the string */
-       const wchar_rep_t *const result = strset_insert(&stringset, string);
-       if(result != string) {
-               obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
-       }
-#else
-       const wchar_rep_t *const result = string;
-#endif
-
-       lexer_token.type                = T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL;
-       lexer_token.v.wide_string.begin = result;
-       lexer_token.v.wide_string.size  = size;
+       parse_string_literal();
+       if (lexer_token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL)
+               lexer_token.kind = T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1413,17 +746,14 @@ end_of_string:;
  */
 static void parse_character_constant(void)
 {
-       const unsigned start_linenr = lexer_token.source_position.linenr;
-
        eat('\'');
 
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
                case '\\': {
                        utf32 const tc = parse_escape_sequence();
                        if (tc >= 0x100) {
-                               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
-                                               "escape sequence out of range");
+                               warningf(WARN_OTHER, &lexer_pos, "escape sequence out of range");
                        }
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, tc);
                        break;
@@ -1439,16 +769,14 @@ static void parse_character_constant(void)
                        goto end_of_char_constant;
 
                case EOF: {
-                       source_position_t source_position;
-                       source_position.input_name = lexer_token.source_position.input_name;
-                       source_position.linenr     = start_linenr;
-                       errorf(&source_position, "EOF while parsing character constant");
-                       lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
+                       errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position,
+                              "EOF while parsing character constant");
+                       lexer_token.kind = T_ERROR;
                        return;
                }
 
                default:
-                       grow_symbol(c);
+                       obstack_grow_symbol(&symbol_obstack, c);
                        next_char();
                        break;
 
@@ -1456,13 +784,16 @@ static void parse_character_constant(void)
        }
 
 end_of_char_constant:;
-       const size_t      size   = (size_t)obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack);
-       const char *const string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
+       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
+       const size_t        size   = (size_t)obstack_object_size(&symbol_obstack)-1;
+       char         *const string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
 
-       lexer_token.type           = T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT;
-       lexer_token.v.string.begin = string;
-       lexer_token.v.string.size  = size;
-       lexer_token.datatype       = c_mode & _CXX && size == 1 ? type_char : type_int;
+       lexer_token.kind          = T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT;
+       lexer_token.string.string = identify_string(string, size);
+
+       if (size == 0) {
+               errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position, "empty character constant");
+       }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1470,22 +801,18 @@ end_of_char_constant:;
  */
 static void skip_multiline_comment(void)
 {
-       unsigned start_linenr = lexer_token.source_position.linenr;
-
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
                case '/':
                        next_char();
                        if (c == '*') {
                                /* nested comment, warn here */
-                               if (warning.comment) {
-                                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position, "'/*' within comment");
-                               }
+                               warningf(WARN_COMMENT, &lexer_pos, "'/*' within comment");
                        }
                        break;
                case '*':
                        next_char();
-                       if(c == '/') {
+                       if (c == '/') {
                                next_char();
                                return;
                        }
@@ -1494,10 +821,8 @@ static void skip_multiline_comment(void)
                MATCH_NEWLINE(break;)
 
                case EOF: {
-                       source_position_t source_position;
-                       source_position.input_name = lexer_token.source_position.input_name;
-                       source_position.linenr     = start_linenr;
-                       errorf(&source_position, "at end of file while looking for comment end");
+                       errorf(&lexer_token.base.source_position,
+                              "at end of file while looking for comment end");
                        return;
                }
 
@@ -1513,8 +838,8 @@ static void skip_multiline_comment(void)
  */
 static void skip_line_comment(void)
 {
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               switch (c) {
                case EOF:
                        return;
 
@@ -1525,8 +850,7 @@ static void skip_line_comment(void)
                case '\\':
                        next_char();
                        if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
-                               if (warning.comment)
-                                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position, "multi-line comment");
+                               warningf(WARN_COMMENT, &lexer_pos, "multi-line comment");
                                return;
                        }
                        break;
@@ -1555,56 +879,43 @@ static inline void next_pp_token(void)
  */
 static void eat_until_newline(void)
 {
-       while(pp_token.type != '\n' && pp_token.type != T_EOF) {
+       while (pp_token.kind != '\n' && pp_token.kind != T_EOF) {
                next_pp_token();
        }
 }
 
-/**
- * Handle the define directive.
- */
-static void define_directive(void)
-{
-       lexer_next_preprocessing_token();
-       if(lexer_token.type != T_IDENTIFIER) {
-               parse_error("expected identifier after #define\n");
-               eat_until_newline();
-       }
-}
-
-/**
- * Handle the ifdef directive.
- */
-static void ifdef_directive(int is_ifndef)
-{
-       (void) is_ifndef;
-       lexer_next_preprocessing_token();
-       //expect_identifier();
-       //extect_newline();
-}
-
-/**
- * Handle the endif directive.
- */
-static void endif_directive(void)
-{
-       //expect_newline();
-}
-
 /**
  * Parse the line directive.
  */
 static void parse_line_directive(void)
 {
-       if(pp_token.type != T_INTEGER) {
+       if (pp_token.kind != T_INTEGER) {
                parse_error("expected integer");
        } else {
-               lexer_token.source_position.linenr = (unsigned int)(pp_token.v.intvalue - 1);
+               /* use offset -1 as this is about the next line */
+               lexer_pos.lineno = atoi(pp_token.number.number.begin) - 1;
                next_pp_token();
        }
-       if(pp_token.type == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
-               lexer_token.source_position.input_name = pp_token.v.string.begin;
+       if (pp_token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
+               lexer_pos.input_name = pp_token.string.string.begin;
+               lexer_pos.is_system_header = false;
                next_pp_token();
+
+               /* attempt to parse numeric flags as outputted by gcc preprocessor */
+               while (pp_token.kind == T_INTEGER) {
+                       /* flags:
+                        * 1 - indicates start of a new file
+                        * 2 - indicates return from a file
+                        * 3 - indicates system header
+                        * 4 - indicates implicit extern "C" in C++ mode
+                        *
+                        * currently we're only interested in "3"
+                        */
+                       if (streq(pp_token.number.number.begin, "3")) {
+                               lexer_pos.is_system_header = true;
+                       }
+                       next_pp_token();
+               }
        }
 
        eat_until_newline();
@@ -1638,13 +949,21 @@ static void parse_pragma(void)
        bool unknown_pragma = true;
 
        next_pp_token();
-       if (pp_token.v.symbol->pp_ID == TP_STDC) {
+       if (pp_token.kind != T_IDENTIFIER) {
+               warningf(WARN_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS, &pp_token.base.source_position,
+                        "expected identifier after #pragma");
+               eat_until_newline();
+               return;
+       }
+
+       symbol_t *symbol = pp_token.identifier.symbol;
+       if (symbol->pp_ID == TP_STDC) {
                stdc_pragma_kind_t kind = STDC_UNKNOWN;
                /* a STDC pragma */
                if (c_mode & _C99) {
                        next_pp_token();
 
-                       switch (pp_token.v.symbol->pp_ID) {
+                       switch (pp_token.identifier.symbol->pp_ID) {
                        case TP_FP_CONTRACT:
                                kind = STDC_FP_CONTRACT;
                                break;
@@ -1660,7 +979,7 @@ static void parse_pragma(void)
                        if (kind != STDC_UNKNOWN) {
                                stdc_pragma_value_kind_t value = STDC_VALUE_UNKNOWN;
                                next_pp_token();
-                               switch (pp_token.v.symbol->pp_ID) {
+                               switch (pp_token.identifier.symbol->pp_ID) {
                                case TP_ON:
                                        value = STDC_VALUE_ON;
                                        break;
@@ -1676,7 +995,8 @@ static void parse_pragma(void)
                                if (value != STDC_VALUE_UNKNOWN) {
                                        unknown_pragma = false;
                                } else {
-                                       errorf(&pp_token.source_position, "bad STDC pragma argument");
+                                       errorf(&pp_token.base.source_position,
+                                              "bad STDC pragma argument");
                                }
                        }
                }
@@ -1684,8 +1004,9 @@ static void parse_pragma(void)
                unknown_pragma = true;
        }
        eat_until_newline();
-       if (unknown_pragma && warning.unknown_pragmas) {
-               warningf(&pp_token.source_position, "encountered unknown #pragma");
+       if (unknown_pragma) {
+               warningf(WARN_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS, &pp_token.base.source_position,
+                        "encountered unknown #pragma");
        }
 }
 
@@ -1694,40 +1015,21 @@ static void parse_pragma(void)
  */
 static void parse_preprocessor_identifier(void)
 {
-       assert(pp_token.type == T_IDENTIFIER);
-       symbol_t *symbol = pp_token.v.symbol;
+       assert(pp_token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
+       symbol_t *symbol = pp_token.identifier.symbol;
 
-       switch(symbol->pp_ID) {
-       case TP_include:
-               printf("include - enable header name parsing!\n");
-               break;
-       case TP_define:
-               define_directive();
-               break;
-       case TP_ifdef:
-               ifdef_directive(0);
-               break;
-       case TP_ifndef:
-               ifdef_directive(1);
-               break;
-       case TP_endif:
-               endif_directive();
-               break;
+       switch (symbol->pp_ID) {
        case TP_line:
                next_pp_token();
                parse_line_directive();
                break;
-       case TP_if:
-       case TP_else:
-       case TP_elif:
-       case TP_undef:
-       case TP_error:
-               /* TODO; output the rest of the line */
-               parse_error("#error directive: ");
-               break;
        case TP_pragma:
                parse_pragma();
                break;
+       case TP_error:
+               /* TODO; output the rest of the line */
+               parse_error("#error directive");
+               break;
        }
 }
 
@@ -1738,7 +1040,7 @@ static void parse_preprocessor_directive(void)
 {
        next_pp_token();
 
-       switch(pp_token.type) {
+       switch (pp_token.kind) {
        case T_IDENTIFIER:
                parse_preprocessor_identifier();
                break;
@@ -1757,13 +1059,13 @@ static void parse_preprocessor_directive(void)
 
 #define MAYBE_PROLOG                                       \
                        next_char();                                   \
-                       while(1) {                                     \
-                               switch(c) {
+                       while (true) {                                 \
+                               switch (c) {
 
 #define MAYBE(ch, set_type)                                \
                                case ch:                                   \
                                        next_char();                           \
-                                       lexer_token.type = set_type;           \
+                                       lexer_token.kind = set_type;           \
                                        return;
 
 /* must use this as last thing */
@@ -1771,7 +1073,7 @@ static void parse_preprocessor_directive(void)
                                case ch:                                   \
                                        if (c_mode & mode) {                   \
                                                next_char();                       \
-                                               lexer_token.type = set_type;       \
+                                               lexer_token.kind = set_type;       \
                                                return;                            \
                                        }                                      \
                                        /* fallthrough */
@@ -1779,34 +1081,35 @@ static void parse_preprocessor_directive(void)
 #define ELSE_CODE(code)                                    \
                                default:                                   \
                                        code                                   \
+                                       return;                                \
                                }                                          \
-                       } /* end of while(1) */                        \
-                       break;
+                       } /* end of while (true) */                    \
 
 #define ELSE(set_type)                                     \
                ELSE_CODE(                                         \
-                       lexer_token.type = set_type;                   \
-                       return;                                        \
+                       lexer_token.kind = set_type;                   \
                )
 
 void lexer_next_preprocessing_token(void)
 {
-       while(1) {
-               switch(c) {
+       while (true) {
+               lexer_token.base.source_position = lexer_pos;
+
+               switch (c) {
                case ' ':
                case '\t':
                        next_char();
                        break;
 
                MATCH_NEWLINE(
-                       lexer_token.type = '\n';
+                       lexer_token.kind = '\n';
                        return;
                )
 
                SYMBOL_CHARS
                        parse_symbol();
                        /* might be a wide string ( L"string" ) */
-                       if (lexer_token.v.symbol == symbol_L) {
+                       if (lexer_token.identifier.symbol == symbol_L) {
                                switch (c) {
                                        case '"':  parse_wide_string_literal();     break;
                                        case '\'': parse_wide_character_constant(); break;
@@ -1831,7 +1134,7 @@ void lexer_next_preprocessing_token(void)
                                DIGITS
                                        put_back(c);
                                        c = '.';
-                                       parse_number_dec();
+                                       parse_number();
                                        return;
 
                                case '.':
@@ -1840,8 +1143,7 @@ void lexer_next_preprocessing_token(void)
                                        ELSE_CODE(
                                                put_back(c);
                                                c = '.';
-                                               lexer_token.type = '.';
-                                               return;
+                                               lexer_token.kind = '.';
                                        )
                        ELSE('.')
                case '&':
@@ -1894,8 +1196,7 @@ void lexer_next_preprocessing_token(void)
                                                        ELSE_CODE(
                                                                put_back(c);
                                                                c = '%';
-                                                               lexer_token.type = '#';
-                                                               return;
+                                                               lexer_token.kind = '#';
                                                        )
                                        ELSE('#')
                        ELSE('%')
@@ -1951,19 +1252,19 @@ void lexer_next_preprocessing_token(void)
                case ';':
                case ',':
                case '\\':
-                       lexer_token.type = c;
+                       lexer_token.kind = c;
                        next_char();
                        return;
 
                case EOF:
-                       lexer_token.type = T_EOF;
+                       lexer_token.kind = T_EOF;
                        return;
 
                default:
 dollar_sign:
-                       errorf(&lexer_token.source_position, "unknown character '%c' found", c);
+                       errorf(&lexer_pos, "unknown character '%c' found", c);
                        next_char();
-                       lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
+                       lexer_token.kind = T_ERROR;
                        return;
                }
        }
@@ -1973,12 +1274,12 @@ void lexer_next_token(void)
 {
        lexer_next_preprocessing_token();
 
-       while (lexer_token.type == '\n') {
+       while (lexer_token.kind == '\n') {
 newline_found:
                lexer_next_preprocessing_token();
        }
 
-       if (lexer_token.type == '#') {
+       if (lexer_token.kind == '#') {
                parse_preprocessor_directive();
                goto newline_found;
        }
@@ -1990,34 +1291,24 @@ void init_lexer(void)
        symbol_L = symbol_table_insert("L");
 }
 
-void lexer_open_stream(FILE *stream, const char *input_name)
+static void input_error(unsigned delta_lines, unsigned delta_cols,
+                        const char *message)
 {
-       input                                  = stream;
-       lexer_token.source_position.linenr     = 0;
-       lexer_token.source_position.input_name = input_name;
-
-       bufpos = NULL;
-       bufend = NULL;
-
-       /* place a virtual \n at the beginning so the lexer knows that we're
-        * at the beginning of a line */
-       c = '\n';
+       lexer_pos.lineno += delta_lines;
+       lexer_pos.colno  += delta_cols;
+       errorf(&lexer_pos, "%s", message);
 }
 
-void lexer_open_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len, const char *input_name)
+void lexer_switch_input(input_t *new_input, const char *input_name)
 {
-       input                                  = NULL;
-       lexer_token.source_position.linenr     = 0;
-       lexer_token.source_position.input_name = input_name;
+       lexer_pos.lineno     = 0;
+       lexer_pos.colno      = 0;
+       lexer_pos.input_name = input_name;
 
-#if 0 // TODO
-       bufpos = buffer;
-       bufend = buffer + len;
-#else
-       (void)buffer;
-       (void)len;
-       panic("builtin lexing not done yet");
-#endif
+       set_input_error_callback(input_error);
+       input  = new_input;
+       bufpos = NULL;
+       bufend = NULL;
 
        /* place a virtual \n at the beginning so the lexer knows that we're
         * at the beginning of a line */
@@ -2032,7 +1323,7 @@ void exit_lexer(void)
 static __attribute__((unused))
 void dbg_pos(const source_position_t source_position)
 {
-       fprintf(stdout, "%s:%u\n", source_position.input_name,
-               source_position.linenr);
+       fprintf(stdout, "%s:%u:%u\n", source_position.input_name,
+               source_position.lineno, (unsigned)source_position.colno);
        fflush(stdout);
 }