some more work towards (c++) namespace support
[cparser] / lexer.c
diff --git a/lexer.c b/lexer.c
index 9b6d369..a4bace0 100644 (file)
--- a/lexer.c
+++ b/lexer.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * This file is part of cparser.
- * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <strings.h>
+#endif
+
 //#define DEBUG_CHARS
 #define MAX_PUTBACK 3
+#define BUF_SIZE    1024
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
 /* No strtold on windows and no replacement yet */
 #define strtold(s, e) strtod(s, e)
 #endif
 
-static int         c;
-token_t            lexer_token;
-symbol_t          *symbol_L;
-static FILE       *input;
-static char        buf[1024 + MAX_PUTBACK];
-static const char *bufend;
-static const char *bufpos;
-static strset_t    stringset;
-bool               allow_dollar_in_symbol = true;
+typedef unsigned int utf32;
+
+static utf32        c;
+token_t             lexer_token;
+symbol_t           *symbol_L;
+static FILE        *input;
+static utf32        buf[BUF_SIZE + MAX_PUTBACK];
+static const utf32 *bufend;
+static const utf32 *bufpos;
+static strset_t     stringset;
+bool                allow_dollar_in_symbol = true;
 
 /**
  * Prints a parse error message at the current token.
@@ -65,7 +72,7 @@ bool               allow_dollar_in_symbol = true;
  */
 static void parse_error(const char *msg)
 {
-       errorf(&lexer_token.source_position,  "%s", msg);
+       errorf(&lexer_token.source_position, "%s", msg);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -75,7 +82,268 @@ static void parse_error(const char *msg)
  */
 static NORETURN internal_error(const char *msg)
 {
-       internal_errorf(&lexer_token.source_position,  "%s", msg);
+       internal_errorf(&lexer_token.source_position, "%s", msg);
+}
+
+static size_t read_block(unsigned char *const read_buf, size_t const n)
+{
+       size_t const s = fread(read_buf, 1, n, input);
+       if (s == 0) {
+               if (ferror(input))
+                       parse_error("read from input failed");
+               buf[MAX_PUTBACK] = EOF;
+               bufpos           = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+               bufend           = buf + MAX_PUTBACK + 1;
+       }
+       return s;
+}
+
+static void decode_iso_8859_1(void)
+{
+       unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
+       size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
+       if (s == 0)
+               return;
+
+       unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
+       unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
+       utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+       while (src != end)
+               *dst++ = *src++;
+
+       bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+       bufend = dst;
+}
+
+static void decode_iso_8859_15(void)
+{
+       unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
+       size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
+       if (s == 0)
+               return;
+
+       unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
+       unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
+       utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+       while (src != end) {
+               utf32 tc = *src++;
+               switch (tc) {
+                       case 0xA4: tc = 0x20AC; break; // €
+                       case 0xA6: tc = 0x0160; break; // Š
+                       case 0xA8: tc = 0x0161; break; // š
+                       case 0xB4: tc = 0x017D; break; // Ž
+                       case 0xB8: tc = 0x017E; break; // ž
+                       case 0xBC: tc = 0x0152; break; // Œ
+                       case 0xBD: tc = 0x0153; break; // œ
+                       case 0xBE: tc = 0x0178; break; // Ÿ
+               }
+               *dst++ = tc;
+       }
+
+       bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+       bufend = dst;
+}
+
+static void decode_utf8(void)
+{
+       static utf32  part_decoded_min_code;
+       static utf32  part_decoded_char;
+       static size_t part_decoded_rest_len;
+
+       do {
+               unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
+               size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
+               if (s == 0) {
+                       if (part_decoded_rest_len > 0)
+                               parse_error("incomplete input char at end of input");
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
+               unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
+               utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+               utf32                decoded;
+               utf32                min_code;
+
+               if (part_decoded_rest_len != 0) {
+                       min_code              = part_decoded_min_code;
+                       decoded               = part_decoded_char;
+                       size_t const rest_len = part_decoded_rest_len;
+                       part_decoded_rest_len = 0;
+                       switch (rest_len) {
+                               case 4:  goto realign;
+                               case 3:  goto three_more;
+                               case 2:  goto two_more;
+                               default: goto one_more;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               while (src != end) {
+                       if ((*src & 0x80) == 0) {
+                               decoded = *src++;
+                       } else if ((*src & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+                               min_code = 0x80;
+                               decoded  = *src++ & 0x1F;
+one_more:
+                               if (src == end) {
+                                       part_decoded_min_code = min_code;
+                                       part_decoded_char     = decoded;
+                                       part_decoded_rest_len = 1;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+                                       decoded = (decoded << 6) | (*src++ & 0x3F);
+                               } else {
+                                       goto invalid_char;
+                               }
+                               if (decoded < min_code                      ||
+                                               decoded > 0x10FFFF                      ||
+                                               (0xD800 <= decoded && decoded < 0xE000) || // high/low surrogates
+                                               (0xFDD0 <= decoded && decoded < 0xFDF0) || // noncharacters
+                                               (decoded & 0xFFFE) == 0xFFFE) {            // noncharacters
+                                       parse_error("invalid byte sequence in input");
+                               }
+                       } else if ((*src & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+                               min_code = 0x800;
+                               decoded  = *src++ & 0x0F;
+two_more:
+                               if (src == end) {
+                                       part_decoded_min_code = min_code;
+                                       part_decoded_char     = decoded;
+                                       part_decoded_rest_len = 2;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+                                       decoded = (decoded << 6) | (*src++ & 0x3F);
+                               } else {
+                                       goto invalid_char;
+                               }
+                               goto one_more;
+                       } else if ((*src & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+                               min_code = 0x10000;
+                               decoded  = *src++ & 0x07;
+three_more:
+                               if (src == end) {
+                                       part_decoded_min_code = min_code;
+                                       part_decoded_char     = decoded;
+                                       part_decoded_rest_len = 3;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+                                       decoded = (decoded << 6) | (*src++ & 0x3F);
+                               } else {
+                                       goto invalid_char;
+                               }
+                               goto two_more;
+                       } else {
+invalid_char:
+                               parse_error("invalid byte sequence in input");
+realign:
+                               do {
+                                       ++src;
+                                       if (src == end) {
+                                               part_decoded_rest_len = 4;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               } while ((*src & 0xC0) == 0x80 || (*src & 0xF8) == 0xF8);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       *dst++ = decoded;
+               }
+
+               bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+               bufend = dst;
+       } while (bufpos == bufend);
+}
+
+static void decode_windows_1252(void)
+{
+       unsigned char read_buf[BUF_SIZE];
+       size_t const s = read_block(read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
+       if (s == 0)
+               return;
+
+       unsigned char const *src = read_buf;
+       unsigned char const *end = read_buf + s;
+       utf32               *dst = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+       while (src != end) {
+               utf32 tc = *src++;
+               switch (tc) {
+                       case 0x80: tc = 0x20AC; break; // €
+                       case 0x82: tc = 0x201A; break; // ‚
+                       case 0x83: tc = 0x0192; break; // ƒ
+                       case 0x84: tc = 0x201E; break; // „
+                       case 0x85: tc = 0x2026; break; // …
+                       case 0x86: tc = 0x2020; break; // †
+                       case 0x87: tc = 0x2021; break; // ‡
+                       case 0x88: tc = 0x02C6; break; // ˆ
+                       case 0x89: tc = 0x2030; break; // ‰
+                       case 0x8A: tc = 0x0160; break; // Š
+                       case 0x8B: tc = 0x2039; break; // ‹
+                       case 0x8C: tc = 0x0152; break; // Œ
+                       case 0x8E: tc = 0x017D; break; // Ž
+                       case 0x91: tc = 0x2018; break; // ‘
+                       case 0x92: tc = 0x2019; break; // ’
+                       case 0x93: tc = 0x201C; break; // “
+                       case 0x94: tc = 0x201D; break; // ”
+                       case 0x95: tc = 0x2022; break; // •
+                       case 0x96: tc = 0x2013; break; // –
+                       case 0x97: tc = 0x2014; break; // —
+                       case 0x98: tc = 0x02DC; break; // ˜
+                       case 0x99: tc = 0x2122; break; // ™
+                       case 0x9A: tc = 0x0161; break; // š
+                       case 0x9B: tc = 0x203A; break; // ›
+                       case 0x9C: tc = 0x0153; break; // œ
+                       case 0x9E: tc = 0x017E; break; // ž
+                       case 0x9F: tc = 0x0178; break; // Ÿ
+               }
+               *dst++ = tc;
+       }
+
+       bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
+       bufend = dst;
+}
+
+typedef void (*decoder_t)(void);
+
+static decoder_t decoder = decode_utf8;
+
+typedef struct named_decoder_t {
+       char const *name;
+       decoder_t   decoder;
+} named_decoder_t;
+
+static named_decoder_t const decoders[] = {
+       { "CP819",           decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "IBM819",          decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "ISO-8859-1",      decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "ISO-8859-15",     decode_iso_8859_15  }, // offical name
+       { "ISO8859-1",       decode_iso_8859_1   },
+       { "ISO8859-15",      decode_iso_8859_15  },
+       { "ISO_8859-1",      decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "ISO_8859-15",     decode_iso_8859_15  }, // offical alias
+       { "ISO_8859-1:1987", decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical name
+       { "Latin-9",         decode_iso_8859_15  }, // offical alias
+       { "UTF-8",           decode_utf8         }, // offical name
+       { "csISOLatin1",     decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "cp1252",          decode_windows_1252 },
+       { "iso-ir-100",      decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "l1",              decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "latin1",          decode_iso_8859_1   }, // offical alias
+       { "windows-1252",    decode_windows_1252 }, // official name
+
+       { NULL,              NULL                }
+};
+
+void select_input_encoding(char const* const encoding)
+{
+       for (named_decoder_t const *i = decoders; i->name != NULL; ++i) {
+               if (strcasecmp(encoding, i->name) != 0)
+                       continue;
+               decoder = i->decoder;
+               return;
+       }
+       fprintf(stderr, "error: input encoding \"%s\" not supported\n", encoding);
 }
 
 static inline void next_real_char(void)
@@ -86,15 +354,7 @@ static inline void next_real_char(void)
                        c = EOF;
                        return;
                }
-
-               size_t s = fread(buf + MAX_PUTBACK, 1, sizeof(buf) - MAX_PUTBACK,
-                                input);
-               if(s == 0) {
-                       c = EOF;
-                       return;
-               }
-               bufpos = buf + MAX_PUTBACK;
-               bufend = buf + MAX_PUTBACK + s;
+               decoder();
        }
        c = *bufpos++;
 }
@@ -104,13 +364,13 @@ static inline void next_real_char(void)
  *
  * @param pc  the character to put back
  */
-static inline void put_back(int pc)
+static inline void put_back(utf32 const pc)
 {
        assert(bufpos > buf);
-       *(--bufpos - buf + buf) = (char) pc;
+       *(--bufpos - buf + buf) = pc;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CHARS
-       printf("putback '%c'\n", pc);
+       printf("putback '%lc'\n", pc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -304,60 +564,78 @@ end_symbol:
 
 static void parse_integer_suffix(bool is_oct_hex)
 {
-       bool is_unsigned  = false;
-       bool min_long     = false;
-       bool min_longlong = false;
-
-       if(c == 'U' || c == 'u') {
-               is_unsigned = true;
+       bool is_unsigned     = false;
+       bool min_long        = false;
+       bool min_longlong    = false;
+       bool not_traditional = false;
+       int  pos             = 0;
+       char suffix[4];
+
+       if (c == 'U' || c == 'u') {
+               not_traditional = true;
+               suffix[pos++]   = toupper(c);
+               is_unsigned     = true;
                next_char();
-               if(c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
+               if (c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
+                       suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
                        min_long = true;
                        next_char();
-                       if(c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
+                       if (c == 'L' || c == 'l') {
+                               suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
                                min_longlong = true;
                                next_char();
                        }
                }
-       } else if(c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
+       } else if (c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
+               suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
                min_long = true;
                next_char();
-               if(c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
-                       min_longlong = true;
+               if (c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
+                       not_traditional = true;
+                       suffix[pos++]   = toupper(c);
+                       min_longlong    = true;
                        next_char();
-                       if(c == 'u' || c == 'U') {
-                               is_unsigned = true;
+                       if (c == 'u' || c == 'U') {
+                               suffix[pos++] = toupper(c);
+                               is_unsigned   = true;
                                next_char();
                        }
-               } else if(c == 'u' || c == 'U') {
-                       is_unsigned = true;
+               } else if (c == 'u' || c == 'U') {
+                       not_traditional = true;
+                       suffix[pos++]   = toupper(c);
+                       is_unsigned     = true;
                        next_char();
                        lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long;
                }
        }
 
-       if(!is_unsigned) {
+       if (warning.traditional && not_traditional) {
+               suffix[pos] = '\0';
+               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                       "traditional C rejects the '%s' suffix", suffix);
+       }
+       if (!is_unsigned) {
                long long v = lexer_token.v.intvalue;
-               if(!min_long) {
-                       if(v >= TARGET_INT_MIN && v <= TARGET_INT_MAX) {
+               if (!min_long) {
+                       if (v >= TARGET_INT_MIN && v <= TARGET_INT_MAX) {
                                lexer_token.datatype = type_int;
                                return;
-                       } else if(is_oct_hex && v >= 0 && v <= TARGET_UINT_MAX) {
+                       } else if (is_oct_hex && v >= 0 && v <= TARGET_UINT_MAX) {
                                lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_int;
                                return;
                        }
                }
-               if(!min_longlong) {
-                       if(v >= TARGET_LONG_MIN && v <= TARGET_LONG_MAX) {
+               if (!min_longlong) {
+                       if (v >= TARGET_LONG_MIN && v <= TARGET_LONG_MAX) {
                                lexer_token.datatype = type_long;
                                return;
-                       } else if(is_oct_hex && v >= 0 && (unsigned long long)v <= (unsigned long long)TARGET_ULONG_MAX) {
+                       } else if (is_oct_hex && v >= 0 && (unsigned long long)v <= (unsigned long long)TARGET_ULONG_MAX) {
                                lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long;
                                return;
                        }
                }
                unsigned long long uv = (unsigned long long) v;
-               if(is_oct_hex && uv > (unsigned long long) TARGET_LONGLONG_MAX) {
+               if (is_oct_hex && uv > (unsigned long long) TARGET_LONGLONG_MAX) {
                        lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long_long;
                        return;
                }
@@ -365,11 +643,11 @@ static void parse_integer_suffix(bool is_oct_hex)
                lexer_token.datatype = type_long_long;
        } else {
                unsigned long long v = (unsigned long long) lexer_token.v.intvalue;
-               if(!min_long && v <= TARGET_UINT_MAX) {
+               if (!min_long && v <= TARGET_UINT_MAX) {
                        lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_int;
                        return;
                }
-               if(!min_longlong && v <= TARGET_ULONG_MAX) {
+               if (!min_longlong && v <= TARGET_ULONG_MAX) {
                        lexer_token.datatype = type_unsigned_long;
                        return;
                }
@@ -383,11 +661,19 @@ static void parse_floating_suffix(void)
        /* TODO: do something useful with the suffixes... */
        case 'f':
        case 'F':
+               if (warning.traditional) {
+                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                               "traditional C rejects the 'F' suffix");
+               }
                next_char();
                lexer_token.datatype = type_float;
                break;
        case 'l':
        case 'L':
+               if (warning.traditional) {
+                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                               "traditional C rejects the 'F' suffix");
+               }
                next_char();
                lexer_token.datatype = type_long_double;
                break;
@@ -401,7 +687,8 @@ static void parse_floating_suffix(void)
  * A replacement for strtoull. Only those parts needed for
  * our parser are implemented.
  */
-static unsigned long long parse_int_string(const char *s, const char **endptr, int base) {
+static unsigned long long parse_int_string(const char *s, const char **endptr, int base)
+{
        unsigned long long v = 0;
 
        switch (base) {
@@ -487,34 +774,74 @@ end:
  */
 static void parse_number_hex(void)
 {
+       bool is_float = false;
        assert(c == 'x' || c == 'X');
        next_char();
 
+       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '0');
+       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, 'x');
+
        while(isxdigit(c)) {
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
        }
-       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
-       char *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
 
-       if(c == '.' || c == 'p' || c == 'P') {
+       if (c == '.') {
+               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+               next_char();
+
+               while (isxdigit(c)) {
+                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+                       next_char();
+               }
+               is_float = true;
+       }
+       if (c == 'p' || c == 'P') {
+               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
-               internal_error("Hex floating point numbers not implemented yet");
+
+               if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
+                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+                       next_char();
+               }
+
+               while (isxdigit(c)) {
+                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+                       next_char();
+               }
+               is_float = true;
        }
+
+       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '\0');
+       char *string = obstack_finish(&symbol_obstack);
        if(*string == '\0') {
                parse_error("invalid hex number");
                lexer_token.type = T_ERROR;
+               obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
+               return;
        }
 
-       const char *endptr;
-       lexer_token.type       = T_INTEGER;
-       lexer_token.v.intvalue = parse_int_string(string, &endptr, 16);
-       if(*endptr != '\0') {
-               parse_error("hex number literal too long");
+       if (is_float) {
+               char *endptr;
+               lexer_token.type         = T_FLOATINGPOINT;
+               lexer_token.v.floatvalue = strtold(string, &endptr);
+
+               if(*endptr != '\0') {
+                       parse_error("invalid hex float literal");
+               }
+
+               parse_floating_suffix();
+       } else {
+               const char *endptr;
+               lexer_token.type       = T_INTEGER;
+               lexer_token.v.intvalue = parse_int_string(string + 2, &endptr, 16);
+               if(*endptr != '\0') {
+                       parse_error("hex number literal too long");
+               }
+               parse_integer_suffix(true);
        }
 
        obstack_free(&symbol_obstack, string);
-       parse_integer_suffix(true);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -522,7 +849,7 @@ static void parse_number_hex(void)
  *
  * @param char  the character to check
  */
-static inline bool is_octal_digit(int chr)
+static inline bool is_octal_digit(utf32 chr)
 {
        switch(chr) {
        case '0':
@@ -569,23 +896,23 @@ static void parse_number_oct(void)
 static void parse_number_dec(void)
 {
        bool is_float = false;
-       while(isdigit(c)) {
+       while (isdigit(c)) {
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
        }
 
-       if(c == '.') {
+       if (c == '.') {
                obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, '.');
                next_char();
 
-               while(isdigit(c)) {
+               while (isdigit(c)) {
                        obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                        next_char();
                }
                is_float = true;
        }
        if(c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
-               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, 'e');
+               obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
                next_char();
 
                if(c == '-' || c == '+') {
@@ -672,7 +999,8 @@ static void parse_number(void)
  * Returns the value of a digit.
  * The only portable way to do it ...
  */
-static int digit_value(int digit) {
+static int digit_value(utf32 const digit)
+{
        switch (digit) {
        case '0': return 0;
        case '1': return 1;
@@ -706,53 +1034,43 @@ static int digit_value(int digit) {
  *
  * @param first_digit  the already read first digit
  */
-static int parse_octal_sequence(const int first_digit)
+static utf32 parse_octal_sequence(utf32 const first_digit)
 {
        assert(is_octal_digit(first_digit));
-       int value = digit_value(first_digit);
+       utf32 value = digit_value(first_digit);
        if (!is_octal_digit(c)) return value;
        value = 8 * value + digit_value(c);
        next_char();
        if (!is_octal_digit(c)) return value;
        value = 8 * value + digit_value(c);
        next_char();
-
-       if(char_is_signed) {
-               return (signed char) value;
-       } else {
-               return (unsigned char) value;
-       }
+       return value;
 }
 
 /**
  * Parses a hex character sequence.
  */
-static int parse_hex_sequence(void)
+static utf32 parse_hex_sequence(void)
 {
-       int value = 0;
+       utf32 value = 0;
        while(isxdigit(c)) {
                value = 16 * value + digit_value(c);
                next_char();
        }
-
-       if(char_is_signed) {
-               return (signed char) value;
-       } else {
-               return (unsigned char) value;
-       }
+       return value;
 }
 
 /**
  * Parse an escape sequence.
  */
-static int parse_escape_sequence(void)
+static utf32 parse_escape_sequence(void)
 {
        eat('\\');
 
-       int ec = c;
+       utf32 const ec = c;
        next_char();
 
-       switch(ec) {
+       switch (ec) {
        case '"':  return '"';
        case '\'': return '\'';
        case '\\': return '\\';
@@ -778,7 +1096,15 @@ static int parse_escape_sequence(void)
        case EOF:
                parse_error("reached end of file while parsing escape sequence");
                return EOF;
+       /* \E is not documented, but handled, by GCC.  It is acceptable according
+        * to §6.11.4, whereas \e is not. */
+       case 'E':
+       case 'e':
+               if (c_mode & _GNUC)
+                       return 27;   /* hopefully 27 is ALWAYS the code for ESCAPE */
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
        default:
+               /* §6.4.4.4:8 footnote 64 */
                parse_error("unknown escape sequence");
                return EOF;
        }
@@ -796,6 +1122,10 @@ string_t concat_strings(const string_t *const s1, const string_t *const s2)
        memcpy(concat, s1->begin, len1);
        memcpy(concat + len1, s2->begin, len2 + 1);
 
+       if (warning.traditional) {
+               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
+       }
 #if 0 /* TODO hash */
        const char *result = strset_insert(&stringset, concat);
        if(result != concat) {
@@ -822,6 +1152,10 @@ wide_string_t concat_string_wide_string(const string_t *const s1, const wide_str
                concat[i] = src[i];
        }
        memcpy(concat + len1, s2->begin, (len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
+       if (warning.traditional) {
+               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
+       }
 
        return (wide_string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
 }
@@ -837,6 +1171,10 @@ wide_string_t concat_wide_strings(const wide_string_t *const s1, const wide_stri
        wchar_rep_t *const concat = obstack_alloc(&symbol_obstack, (len1 + len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
        memcpy(concat,        s1->begin, len1       * sizeof(*concat));
        memcpy(concat + len1, s2->begin, (len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
+       if (warning.traditional) {
+               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
+       }
 
        return (wide_string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
 }
@@ -851,14 +1189,39 @@ wide_string_t concat_wide_string_string(const wide_string_t *const s1, const str
 
        wchar_rep_t *const concat = obstack_alloc(&symbol_obstack, (len1 + len2 + 1) * sizeof(*concat));
        memcpy(concat, s1->begin, len1 * sizeof(*concat));
-       const char *const src = s2->begin;
+       const char  *const src = s2->begin;
+       wchar_rep_t *const dst = concat + len1;
        for (size_t i = 0; i != len2 + 1; ++i) {
-               concat[i] = src[i];
+               dst[i] = src[i];
+       }
+       if (warning.traditional) {
+               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                       "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
        }
 
        return (wide_string_t){ concat, len1 + len2 + 1 };
 }
 
+static void grow_symbol(utf32 const tc)
+{
+       struct obstack *const o  = &symbol_obstack;
+       if (tc < 0x80U) {
+               obstack_1grow(o, tc);
+       } else if (tc < 0x800) {
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0xC0 | (tc >> 6));
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | (tc & 0x3F));
+       } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0xE0 | ( tc >> 12));
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F));
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F));
+       } else {
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0xF0 | ( tc >> 18));
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F));
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F));
+               obstack_1grow(o, 0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F));
+       }
+}
+
 /**
  * Parse a string literal and set lexer_token.
  */
@@ -868,13 +1231,17 @@ static void parse_string_literal(void)
 
        eat('"');
 
-       int tc;
        while(1) {
                switch(c) {
-               case '\\':
-                       tc = parse_escape_sequence();
-                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) tc);
+               case '\\': {
+                       utf32 const tc = parse_escape_sequence();
+                       if (tc >= 0x100) {
+                               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                                               "escape sequence out of range");
+                       }
+                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, tc);
                        break;
+               }
 
                case EOF: {
                        source_position_t source_position;
@@ -890,7 +1257,7 @@ static void parse_string_literal(void)
                        goto end_of_string;
 
                default:
-                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+                       grow_symbol(c);
                        next_char();
                        break;
                }
@@ -1053,8 +1420,12 @@ static void parse_character_constant(void)
        while(1) {
                switch(c) {
                case '\\': {
-                       int tc = parse_escape_sequence();
-                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) tc);
+                       utf32 const tc = parse_escape_sequence();
+                       if (tc >= 0x100) {
+                               warningf(&lexer_token.source_position,
+                                               "escape sequence out of range");
+                       }
+                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, tc);
                        break;
                }
 
@@ -1077,7 +1448,7 @@ static void parse_character_constant(void)
                }
 
                default:
-                       obstack_1grow(&symbol_obstack, (char) c);
+                       grow_symbol(c);
                        next_char();
                        break;
 
@@ -1091,7 +1462,7 @@ end_of_char_constant:;
        lexer_token.type           = T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT;
        lexer_token.v.string.begin = string;
        lexer_token.v.string.size  = size;
-       lexer_token.datatype       = type_int;
+       lexer_token.datatype       = c_mode & _CXX && size == 1 ? type_char : type_int;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1106,7 +1477,10 @@ static void skip_multiline_comment(void)
                case '/':
                        next_char();
                        if (c == '*') {
-                               /* TODO: nested comment, warn here */
+                               /* nested comment, warn here */
+                               if (warning.comment) {
+                                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position, "'/*' within comment");
+                               }
                        }
                        break;
                case '*':
@@ -1148,6 +1522,15 @@ static void skip_line_comment(void)
                case '\r':
                        return;
 
+               case '\\':
+                       next_char();
+                       if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
+                               if (warning.comment)
+                                       warningf(&lexer_token.source_position, "multi-line comment");
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
                default:
                        next_char();
                        break;
@@ -1250,7 +1633,8 @@ typedef enum stdc_pragma_value_kind_t {
 /**
  * Parse a pragma directive.
  */
-static void parse_pragma(void) {
+static void parse_pragma(void)
+{
        bool unknown_pragma = true;
 
        next_pp_token();
@@ -1362,7 +1746,7 @@ static void parse_preprocessor_directive(void)
                parse_line_directive();
                break;
        case '\n':
-               /* NULL directive, see § 6.10.7 */
+               /* NULL directive, see §6.10.7 */
                break;
        default:
                parse_error("invalid preprocessor directive");
@@ -1382,6 +1766,16 @@ static void parse_preprocessor_directive(void)
                                        lexer_token.type = set_type;           \
                                        return;
 
+/* must use this as last thing */
+#define MAYBE_MODE(ch, set_type, mode)                     \
+                               case ch:                                   \
+                                       if (c_mode & mode) {                   \
+                                               next_char();                       \
+                                               lexer_token.type = set_type;       \
+                                               return;                            \
+                                       }                                      \
+                                       /* fallthrough */
+
 #define ELSE_CODE(code)                                    \
                                default:                                   \
                                        code                                   \
@@ -1537,6 +1931,7 @@ void lexer_next_preprocessing_token(void)
                case ':':
                        MAYBE_PROLOG
                        MAYBE('>', ']')
+                       MAYBE_MODE(':', T_COLONCOLON, _CXX)
                        ELSE(':')
                case '=':
                        MAYBE_PROLOG
@@ -1617,8 +2012,14 @@ void lexer_open_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len, const char *input_name)
        lexer_token.source_position.linenr     = 0;
        lexer_token.source_position.input_name = input_name;
 
+#if 0 // TODO
        bufpos = buffer;
        bufend = buffer + len;
+#else
+       (void)buffer;
+       (void)len;
+       panic("builtin lexing not done yet");
+#endif
 
        /* place a virtual \n at the beginning so the lexer knows that we're
         * at the beginning of a line */