remove #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_Hs
[libfirm] / ir / be / belower.c
index d520766..2934508 100644 (file)
@@ -1,66 +1,76 @@
-/**
- * Author:      Christian Wuerdig
- * Date:        2005/12/14
- * Copyright:   (c) Universitaet Karlsruhe
- * Licence:     This file protected by GPL -  GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.
- * CVS-Id:      $Id$
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 1995-2008 University of Karlsruhe.  All right reserved.
+ *
+ * This file is part of libFirm.
+ *
+ * This file may be distributed and/or modified under the terms of the
+ * GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software
+ * Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the
+ * packaging of this file.
  *
- * Performs lowering of perm nodes and spill/reload optimization.
+ * Licensees holding valid libFirm Professional Edition licenses may use
+ * this file in accordance with the libFirm Commercial License.
+ * Agreement provided with the Software.
+ *
+ * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
+ * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief       Performs lowering of perm nodes. Inserts copies to assure register constraints.
+ * @author      Christian Wuerdig
+ * @date        14.12.2005
+ * @version     $Id$
  */
-#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
-#endif
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include "ircons.h"
 #include "debug.h"
 #include "irhooks.h"
-
-#include "bearch.h"
-#include "belower.h"
-#include "benode_t.h"
-#include "bechordal_t.h"
-#include "besched_t.h"
-
+#include "xmalloc.h"
+#include "irnodeset.h"
 #include "irgmod.h"
 #include "iredges_t.h"
 #include "irgwalk.h"
+#include "array_t.h"
 
-#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
- #include <malloc.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
- #include <alloca.h>
-#endif
-
-#undef is_Perm
-#define is_Perm(arch_env, irn) (arch_irn_classify(arch_env, irn) == arch_irn_class_perm)
-
-/* collect static data about perms */
-typedef struct _perm_stat_t {
-       const arch_register_class_t *cls; /**< the current register class */
-    int  *perm_size_ar;       /**< the sizes of all perms in an irg */
-    int  *real_perm_size_ar;  /**< the sizes of all perms in an irg */
-       int  *chain_len_ar;       /**< the sizes of all chains for all perms */
-       int  *cycle_len_ar;       /**< the siyes of all cycles for all perms */
-       int   num_perms;          /**< number of all perms */
-       int   num_real_perms;     /**< number of all perms */
-       int   num_chains;         /**< the number of all chains */
-       int   num_cycles;         /**< the number of all cycles */
-} perm_stat_t;
-
-/* lowering walker environment */
+#include "bearch_t.h"
+#include "belower.h"
+#include "benode_t.h"
+#include "besched_t.h"
+#include "bestat.h"
+#include "bessaconstr.h"
+#include "beintlive_t.h"
+
+#undef KEEP_ALIVE_COPYKEEP_HACK
+
+/** Associates an op with it's copy and CopyKeep. */
+typedef struct {
+       ir_node *op;         /**< an irn which must be different */
+       ir_nodeset_t copies; /**< all non-spillable copies of this irn */
+       const arch_register_class_t *cls;
+} op_copy_assoc_t;
+
+/** Environment for constraints. */
+typedef struct {
+       be_irg_t       *birg;
+       pset           *op_set;
+       struct obstack obst;
+       DEBUG_ONLY(firm_dbg_module_t *dbg;)
+} constraint_env_t;
+
+/** Lowering walker environment. */
 typedef struct _lower_env_t {
-       be_chordal_env_t  *chord_env;
-       unsigned           do_copy:1;
-       unsigned           do_stat:1;
-       unsigned           pstat_n:30;
-       perm_stat_t      **pstat;
+       be_irg_t         *birg;
+       unsigned          do_copy : 1;
        DEBUG_ONLY(firm_dbg_module_t *dbg_module;)
 } lower_env_t;
 
-/* holds a perm register pair */
+/** Holds a Perm register pair. */
 typedef struct _reg_pair_t {
        const arch_register_t *in_reg;    /**< a perm IN register */
        ir_node               *in_node;   /**< the in node to which the register belongs */
@@ -78,14 +88,22 @@ typedef enum _perm_type_t {
        PERM_COPY
 } perm_type_t;
 
-/* structure to represent cycles or chains in a perm */
+/** Structure to represent cycles or chains in a Perm. */
 typedef struct _perm_cycle_t {
        const arch_register_t **elems;       /**< the registers in the cycle */
        int                     n_elems;     /**< number of elements in the cycle */
        perm_type_t             type;        /**< type (CHAIN or CYCLE) */
 } perm_cycle_t;
 
-/* Compare the in registers of two register pairs */
+/** Compare the two operands. */
+static int cmp_op_copy_assoc(const void *a, const void *b) {
+       const op_copy_assoc_t *op1 = a;
+       const op_copy_assoc_t *op2 = b;
+
+       return op1->op != op2->op;
+}
+
+/** Compare the in registers of two register pairs. */
 static int compare_reg_pair(const void *a, const void *b) {
        const reg_pair_t *pair_a = a;
        const reg_pair_t *pair_b = b;
@@ -96,7 +114,7 @@ static int compare_reg_pair(const void *a, const void *b) {
                return -1;
 }
 
-/* returns the number register pairs marked as checked */
+/** returns the number register pairs marked as checked. */
 static int get_n_checked_pairs(reg_pair_t *pairs, int n) {
        int i, n_checked = 0;
 
@@ -156,14 +174,14 @@ static int get_pairidx_for_regidx(reg_pair_t *pairs, int n, int reg_idx, int in_
        if (in_out) {
                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                        /* out register matches */
-                       if (pairs[i].out_reg->index == reg_idx)
+                       if ((int) pairs[i].out_reg->index == reg_idx)
                                return i;
                }
        }
        else {
                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                        /* in register matches */
-                       if (pairs[i].in_reg->index == reg_idx)
+                       if ((int) pairs[i].in_reg->index == reg_idx)
                                return i;
                }
        }
@@ -204,7 +222,7 @@ static perm_cycle_t *get_perm_cycle(perm_cycle_t *cycle, reg_pair_t *pairs, int
        }
 
        /* assume worst case: all remaining pairs build a cycle or chain */
-       cycle->elems    = xcalloc((n - n_pairs_done) * 2, sizeof(cycle->elems[0]));
+       cycle->elems    = XMALLOCNZ(const arch_register_t*, (n - n_pairs_done) * 2);
        cycle->n_elems  = 2;  /* initial number of elements is 2 */
        cycle->elems[0] = pairs[start].in_reg;
        cycle->elems[1] = pairs[start].out_reg;
@@ -260,22 +278,19 @@ static perm_cycle_t *get_perm_cycle(perm_cycle_t *cycle, reg_pair_t *pairs, int
  * @param walk_env The environment
  */
 static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
+       ir_graph        *irg = get_irn_irg(irn);
        const arch_register_class_t *reg_class;
-       const arch_env_t            *arch_env;
        lower_env_t     *env         = walk_env;
-       perm_stat_t    **pstat       = env->pstat;
-       int              pstat_idx   = -1;
-       int              real_size   = 0;
-       int              n, i, pn, do_copy, j, n_ops;
+       int             real_size    = 0;
+       int             keep_perm    = 0;
+       int             n, i, pn, do_copy, j, n_ops;
        reg_pair_t      *pairs;
        const ir_edge_t *edge;
-       perm_cycle_t    *cycle;
        ir_node         *sched_point, *block, *in[2];
        ir_node         *arg1, *arg2, *res1, *res2;
        ir_node         *cpyxchg = NULL;
        DEBUG_ONLY(firm_dbg_module_t *mod;)
 
-       arch_env = env->chord_env->birg->main_env->arch_env;
        do_copy  = env->do_copy;
        DEBUG_ONLY(mod = env->dbg_module;)
        block    = get_nodes_block(irn);
@@ -287,31 +302,16 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                        should be ok.
        */
        sched_point = sched_prev(irn);
+       DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "perm: %+F\n", irn));
        DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "sched point is %+F\n", sched_point));
        assert(sched_point && "Perm is not scheduled or has no predecessor");
 
        n = get_irn_arity(irn);
        assert(n == get_irn_n_edges(irn) && "perm's in and out numbers different");
 
-       reg_class = arch_get_irn_register(arch_env, get_irn_n(irn, 0))->reg_class;
+       reg_class = arch_get_irn_register(get_irn_n(irn, 0))->reg_class;
        pairs     = alloca(n * sizeof(pairs[0]));
 
-       if (env->do_stat) {
-               unsigned i;
-
-               /* determine index in statistics */
-               for (i = 0; i < env->pstat_n; i++) {
-                       if (strcmp(pstat[i]->cls->name, reg_class->name) == 0) {
-                               pstat_idx = i;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-               assert(pstat_idx >= 0 && "could not determine class index for statistics");
-
-               pstat[pstat_idx]->num_perms++;
-               pstat[pstat_idx]->perm_size_ar[n - 1]++;
-       }
-
        /* build the list of register pairs (in, out) */
        i = 0;
        foreach_out_edge(irn, edge) {
@@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                pn                = get_Proj_proj(pairs[i].out_node);
                pairs[i].in_node  = get_irn_n(irn, pn);
 
-               pairs[i].in_reg  = arch_get_irn_register(arch_env, pairs[i].in_node);
-               pairs[i].out_reg = arch_get_irn_register(arch_env, pairs[i].out_node);
+               pairs[i].in_reg  = arch_get_irn_register(pairs[i].in_node);
+               pairs[i].out_reg = arch_get_irn_register(pairs[i].out_node);
 
                pairs[i].checked = 0;
                i++;
@@ -339,15 +339,14 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                        /* We have to check for a special case:
                                The in-node could be a Proj from a Perm. In this case,
                                we need to correct the projnum */
-                       if (is_Perm(arch_env, pairs[i].in_node) && is_Proj(pairs[i].in_node)) {
+                       if (be_is_Perm(pairs[i].in_node) && is_Proj(pairs[i].in_node)) {
                                set_Proj_proj(pairs[i].out_node, get_Proj_proj(pairs[i].in_node));
                        }
 
-                       /* remove the proj from the schedule */
-                       sched_remove(pairs[i].out_node);
-
                        /* reroute the edges from the proj to the argument */
-                       edges_reroute(pairs[i].out_node, pairs[i].in_node, env->chord_env->irg);
+                       exchange(pairs[i].out_node, pairs[i].in_node);
+                       //edges_reroute(pairs[i].out_node, pairs[i].in_node, env->birg->irg);
+                       //set_irn_n(pairs[i].out_node, 0, new_Bad());
 
                        pairs[i].checked = 1;
                }
@@ -358,21 +357,17 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                do_copy = 0;
        }
 
-       if (env->do_stat && get_n_checked_pairs(pairs, n) < n) {
-               pstat[pstat_idx]->num_real_perms++;
-               pstat[pstat_idx]->real_perm_size_ar[n - 1]++;
-               real_size = n - get_n_checked_pairs(pairs, n);
-       }
-
-       hook_be_block_stat_perm(reg_class->name, reg_class->n_regs, irn, block, n, real_size);
+       real_size = n - get_n_checked_pairs(pairs, n);
 
        /* check for cycles and chains */
        while (get_n_checked_pairs(pairs, n) < n) {
+               perm_cycle_t *cycle;
+
                i = n_ops = 0;
 
                /* go to the first not-checked pair */
                while (pairs[i].checked) i++;
-               cycle = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*cycle));
+               cycle = XMALLOCZ(perm_cycle_t);
                cycle = get_perm_cycle(cycle, pairs, n, i);
 
                DB((mod, LEVEL_1, "%+F: following %s created:\n  ", irn, cycle->type == PERM_CHAIN ? "chain" : "cycle"));
@@ -381,24 +376,14 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                }
                DB((mod, LEVEL_1, "\n"));
 
-               /* statistics */
-               if (env->do_stat) {
-                       int n_idx = cycle->n_elems - 1;
-                       if (cycle->type == PERM_CHAIN) {
-                               pstat[pstat_idx]->num_chains++;
-                               pstat[pstat_idx]->chain_len_ar[n_idx]++;
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               pstat[pstat_idx]->num_cycles++;
-                               pstat[pstat_idx]->cycle_len_ar[n_idx]++;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               /* We don't need to do anything if we have a Perm with two
+               /*
+                       We don't need to do anything if we have a Perm with two
                        elements which represents a cycle, because those nodes
-                       already represent exchange nodes */
+                       already represent exchange nodes
+               */
                if (n == 2 && cycle->type == PERM_CYCLE) {
                        free(cycle);
+                       keep_perm = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
@@ -456,7 +441,7 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                                DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "%+F                        (%+F, %s) and (%+F, %s)\n",
                                        irn, res1, cycle->elems[i]->name, res2, cycle->elems[i + 1]->name));
 
-                               cpyxchg = be_new_Perm(reg_class, env->chord_env->irg, block, 2, in);
+                               cpyxchg = be_new_Perm(reg_class, irg, block, 2, in);
                                n_ops++;
 
                                if (i > 0) {
@@ -464,27 +449,19 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                                        int pidx = get_pairidx_for_regidx(pairs, n, cycle->elems[i]->index, 0);
 
                                        /* create intermediate proj */
-                                       res1 = new_r_Proj(get_irn_irg(irn), block, cpyxchg, get_irn_mode(res1), 0);
+                                       res1 = new_r_Proj(irg, block, cpyxchg, get_irn_mode(res1), 0);
 
                                        /* set as in for next Perm */
                                        pairs[pidx].in_node = res1;
                                }
-                               else {
-                                       sched_remove(res1);
-                               }
-
-                               sched_remove(res2);
 
                                set_Proj_pred(res2, cpyxchg);
                                set_Proj_proj(res2, 0);
                                set_Proj_pred(res1, cpyxchg);
                                set_Proj_proj(res1, 1);
 
-                               sched_add_after(sched_point, res1);
-                               sched_add_after(sched_point, res2);
-
-                               arch_set_irn_register(arch_env, res2, cycle->elems[i + 1]);
-                               arch_set_irn_register(arch_env, res1, cycle->elems[i]);
+                               arch_set_irn_register(res2, cycle->elems[i + 1]);
+                               arch_set_irn_register(res1, cycle->elems[i]);
 
                                /* insert the copy/exchange node in schedule after the magic schedule node (see above) */
                                sched_add_after(sched_point, cpyxchg);
@@ -498,13 +475,10 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                                DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "%+F creating copy node (%+F, %s) -> (%+F, %s)\n",
                                        irn, arg1, cycle->elems[i]->name, res2, cycle->elems[i + 1]->name));
 
-                               cpyxchg = be_new_Copy(reg_class, env->chord_env->irg, block, arg1);
-                               arch_set_irn_register(arch_env, cpyxchg, cycle->elems[i + 1]);
+                               cpyxchg = be_new_Copy(reg_class, irg, block, arg1);
+                               arch_set_irn_register(cpyxchg, cycle->elems[i + 1]);
                                n_ops++;
 
-                               /* remove the proj from the schedule */
-                               sched_remove(res2);
-
                                /* exchange copy node and proj */
                                exchange(res2, cpyxchg);
 
@@ -516,62 +490,60 @@ static void lower_perm_node(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
                        }
                }
 
-               if (env->do_stat) {
-                       hook_be_block_stat_permcycle(reg_class->name, irn, block, \
-                               cycle->type == PERM_CHAIN, cycle->n_elems, n_ops);
-               }
-
                free((void *) cycle->elems);
                free(cycle);
        }
 
-
-
        /* remove the perm from schedule */
-       sched_remove(irn);
+       if (! keep_perm) {
+               sched_remove(irn);
+               kill_node(irn);
+       }
 }
 
 
 
-static int get_n_out_edges(const ir_node *irn) {
-       const ir_edge_t *edge;
-       int cnt = 0;
-
-       foreach_out_edge(irn, edge) {
-               cnt++;
-       }
-
-       return cnt;
+static int has_irn_users(const ir_node *irn) {
+       return get_irn_out_edge_first_kind(irn, EDGE_KIND_NORMAL) != 0;
 }
 
-static ir_node *belower_skip_proj(ir_node *irn) {
+/**
+ * Skip all Proj nodes.
+ */
+static INLINE ir_node *belower_skip_proj(ir_node *irn) {
        while(is_Proj(irn))
                irn = get_Proj_pred(irn);
        return irn;
 }
 
-static void fix_in(ir_node *irn, ir_node *old, ir_node *nw) {
-       int i, n;
-
-       irn = belower_skip_proj(irn);
-       n   = get_irn_arity(irn);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               if (get_irn_n(irn, i) == old) {
-                       set_irn_n(irn, i, nw);
-                       break;
-               }
+static ir_node *find_copy(ir_node *irn, ir_node *op)
+{
+       ir_node *block    = get_nodes_block(irn);
+       ir_node *cur_node;
+
+       for (cur_node = sched_prev(irn);
+               ! is_Block(cur_node) && be_is_Copy(cur_node) && get_nodes_block(cur_node) == block;
+               cur_node = sched_prev(cur_node))
+       {
+               if (be_get_Copy_op(cur_node) == op && arch_irn_is(cur_node, dont_spill))
+                       return cur_node;
        }
-}
 
-static void gen_assure_different_pattern(ir_node *irn, be_irg_t *birg, ir_node *other_different) {
-       const arch_env_t          *arch_env = birg->main_env->arch_env;
-       ir_node                   *in[2], *keep, *cpy, *temp;
-       ir_node                   *block = get_nodes_block(irn);
-       const arch_register_class_t *cls = arch_get_irn_reg_class(arch_env, other_different, -1);
-       FIRM_DBG_REGISTER(firm_dbg_module_t *mod, "firm.be.lower");
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-       if (arch_irn_is(arch_env, other_different, ignore) || ! mode_is_datab(get_irn_mode(other_different))) {
+static void gen_assure_different_pattern(ir_node *irn, ir_node *other_different, constraint_env_t *env) {
+       be_irg_t                    *birg     = env->birg;
+       ir_graph                    *irg      = be_get_birg_irg(birg);
+       pset                        *op_set   = env->op_set;
+       ir_node                     *block    = get_nodes_block(irn);
+       const arch_register_class_t *cls      = arch_get_irn_reg_class(other_different, -1);
+       ir_node                     *in[2], *keep, *cpy;
+       op_copy_assoc_t             key, *entry;
+       DEBUG_ONLY(firm_dbg_module_t *mod     = env->dbg;)
+
+       if (arch_irn_is(other_different, ignore) ||
+                       !mode_is_datab(get_irn_mode(other_different))) {
                DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "ignore constraint for %+F because other_irn is ignore or not a datab node\n", irn));
                return;
        }
@@ -581,60 +553,97 @@ static void gen_assure_different_pattern(ir_node *irn, be_irg_t *birg, ir_node *
        /* in block far far away                             */
        /* The copy is optimized later if not needed         */
 
-       temp = new_rd_Unknown(birg->irg, get_irn_mode(other_different));
-       cpy = be_new_Copy(cls, birg->irg, block, temp);
-       be_node_set_flags(cpy, BE_OUT_POS(0), arch_irn_flags_dont_spill);
+       /* check if already exists such a copy in the schedule immediately before */
+       cpy = find_copy(belower_skip_proj(irn), other_different);
+       if (! cpy) {
+               cpy = be_new_Copy(cls, irg, block, other_different);
+               be_node_set_flags(cpy, BE_OUT_POS(0), arch_irn_flags_dont_spill);
+               DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "created non-spillable %+F for value %+F\n", cpy, other_different));
+       }
+       else {
+               DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "using already existing %+F for value %+F\n", cpy, other_different));
+       }
 
        in[0] = irn;
        in[1] = cpy;
 
-       /* Let the irn use the copy instead of the old other_different */
-       fix_in(irn, other_different, cpy);
-
        /* Add the Keep resp. CopyKeep and reroute the users */
        /* of the other_different irn in case of CopyKeep.   */
-       if (get_n_out_edges(other_different) == 0) {
-               keep = be_new_Keep(cls, birg->irg, block, 2, in);
+       if (has_irn_users(other_different)) {
+               keep = be_new_CopyKeep_single(cls, irg, block, cpy, irn, get_irn_mode(other_different));
+               be_node_set_reg_class(keep, 1, cls);
        }
        else {
-               keep = be_new_CopyKeep_single(cls, birg->irg, block, cpy, irn, get_irn_mode(other_different));
-               be_node_set_reg_class(keep, 1, cls);
-               edges_reroute(other_different, keep, birg->irg);
+               keep = be_new_Keep(cls, irg, block, 2, in);
        }
 
-       /* after rerouting: let the copy point to the other_different irn */
-       set_irn_n(cpy, 0, other_different);
+       DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "created %+F(%+F, %+F)\n\n", keep, irn, cpy));
+
+       /* insert copy and keep into schedule */
+       assert(sched_is_scheduled(irn) && "need schedule to assure constraints");
+       if (! sched_is_scheduled(cpy))
+               sched_add_before(belower_skip_proj(irn), cpy);
+       sched_add_after(irn, keep);
 
-       DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "created %+F for %+F to assure should_be_different\n", keep, irn));
+       /* insert the other different and it's copies into the set */
+       key.op = other_different;
+       entry  = pset_find(op_set, &key, hash_irn(other_different));
+
+       if (! entry) {
+               entry         = obstack_alloc(&env->obst, sizeof(*entry));
+               ir_nodeset_init(&entry->copies);
+               entry->op     = other_different;
+               entry->cls    = cls;
+       }
+
+       /* insert copy */
+       ir_nodeset_insert(&entry->copies, cpy);
+
+       /* insert keep in case of CopyKeep */
+       if (be_is_CopyKeep(keep)) {
+               ir_nodeset_insert(&entry->copies, keep);
+       }
+
+       pset_insert(op_set, entry, hash_irn(other_different));
 }
 
 /**
- * Checks if node has a should_be_different constraint in output
- * and adds a Keep then to assure the constraint.
+ * Checks if node has a must_be_different constraint in output and adds a Keep
+ * then to assure the constraint.
  */
-static void assure_different_constraints(ir_node *irn, be_irg_t *birg) {
-       const arch_env_t          *arch_env = birg->main_env->arch_env;
-       const arch_register_req_t *req;
-       arch_register_req_t        req_temp;
-       int i, n;
-
-       req = arch_get_register_req(arch_env, &req_temp, irn, -1);
-
-       if (req) {
-               if (arch_register_req_is(req, should_be_different)) {
-                       gen_assure_different_pattern(irn, birg, req->other_different);
+static void assure_different_constraints(ir_node *irn, constraint_env_t *env) {
+       ir_node                   *skipped_irn = belower_skip_proj(irn);
+       const arch_register_req_t *req         = arch_get_register_req(irn, -1);
+
+       if (arch_register_req_is(req, must_be_different)) {
+               const unsigned other = req->other_different;
+               int i;
+
+               if (arch_register_req_is(req, should_be_same)) {
+                       const unsigned same = req->other_same;
+
+                       if (is_po2(other) && is_po2(same)) {
+                               int idx_other = ntz(other);
+                               int idx_same  = ntz(same);
+
+                               /*
+                                * We can safely ignore a should_be_same x must_be_different y
+                                * IFF both inputs are equal!
+                                */
+                               if (get_irn_n(skipped_irn, idx_other) == get_irn_n(skipped_irn, idx_same)) {
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                       }
                }
-               else if (arch_register_req_is(req, should_be_different_from_all)) {
-                       n = get_irn_arity(belower_skip_proj(irn));
-                       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                               gen_assure_different_pattern(irn, birg, get_irn_n(belower_skip_proj(irn), i));
+               for (i = 0; 1U << i <= other; ++i) {
+                       if (other & (1U << i)) {
+                               ir_node *different_from = get_irn_n(skipped_irn, i);
+                               gen_assure_different_pattern(irn, different_from, env);
                        }
                }
        }
 }
 
-
-
 /**
  * Calls the functions to assure register constraints.
  *
@@ -645,13 +654,129 @@ static void assure_constraints_walker(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
        if (is_Block(irn))
                return;
 
-       if (mode_is_datab(get_irn_mode(irn)))
+       if (sched_is_scheduled(irn) && mode_is_datab(get_irn_mode(irn)))
                assure_different_constraints(irn, walk_env);
-
-       return;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Melt all copykeeps pointing to the same node
+ * (or Projs of the same node), copying the same operand.
+ */
+static void melt_copykeeps(constraint_env_t *cenv) {
+       be_irg_t *birg = cenv->birg;
+       ir_graph *irg  = be_get_birg_irg(birg);
+       op_copy_assoc_t *entry;
+
+       /* for all */
+       foreach_pset(cenv->op_set, entry) {
+               int     idx, num_ck;
+               ir_node *cp;
+               struct obstack obst;
+               ir_nodeset_iterator_t iter;
+               ir_node **ck_arr, **melt_arr;
+
+               obstack_init(&obst);
+
+               /* collect all copykeeps */
+               num_ck = idx = 0;
+               foreach_ir_nodeset(&entry->copies, cp, iter) {
+                       if (be_is_CopyKeep(cp)) {
+                               obstack_grow(&obst, &cp, sizeof(cp));
+                               ++num_ck;
+                       }
+#ifdef KEEP_ALIVE_COPYKEEP_HACK
+                       else {
+                               set_irn_mode(cp, mode_ANY);
+                               keep_alive(cp);
+                       }
+#endif /* KEEP_ALIVE_COPYKEEP_HACK */
+               }
 
+               /* compare each copykeep with all other copykeeps */
+               ck_arr = (ir_node **)obstack_finish(&obst);
+               for (idx = 0; idx < num_ck; ++idx) {
+                       ir_node *ref, *ref_mode_T;
+
+                       if (ck_arr[idx]) {
+                               int j, n_melt;
+                               ir_node **new_ck_in;
+                               ir_node *new_ck;
+                               ir_node *sched_pt = NULL;
+
+                               n_melt     = 1;
+                               ref        = ck_arr[idx];
+                               ref_mode_T = skip_Proj(get_irn_n(ref, 1));
+                               obstack_grow(&obst, &ref, sizeof(ref));
+
+                               DBG((cenv->dbg, LEVEL_1, "Trying to melt %+F:\n", ref));
+
+                               /* check for copykeeps pointing to the same mode_T node as the reference copykeep */
+                               for (j = 0; j < num_ck; ++j) {
+                                       ir_node *cur_ck = ck_arr[j];
+
+                                       if (j != idx && cur_ck && skip_Proj(get_irn_n(cur_ck, 1)) == ref_mode_T) {
+                                               obstack_grow(&obst, &cur_ck, sizeof(cur_ck));
+                                               ir_nodeset_remove(&entry->copies, cur_ck);
+                                               DBG((cenv->dbg, LEVEL_1, "\t%+F\n", cur_ck));
+                                               ck_arr[j] = NULL;
+                                               ++n_melt;
+                                               sched_remove(cur_ck);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               ck_arr[idx] = NULL;
+
+                               /* check, if we found some candidates for melting */
+                               if (n_melt == 1) {
+                                       DBG((cenv->dbg, LEVEL_1, "\tno candidate found\n"));
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+
+                               ir_nodeset_remove(&entry->copies, ref);
+                               sched_remove(ref);
+
+                               melt_arr = (ir_node **)obstack_finish(&obst);
+                               /* melt all found copykeeps */
+                               NEW_ARR_A(ir_node *, new_ck_in, n_melt);
+                               for (j = 0; j < n_melt; ++j) {
+                                       new_ck_in[j] = get_irn_n(melt_arr[j], 1);
+
+                                       /* now, we can kill the melted keep, except the */
+                                       /* ref one, we still need some information      */
+                                       if (melt_arr[j] != ref)
+                                               kill_node(melt_arr[j]);
+                               }
+
+#ifdef KEEP_ALIVE_COPYKEEP_HACK
+                               new_ck = be_new_CopyKeep(entry->cls, irg, get_nodes_block(ref), be_get_CopyKeep_op(ref), n_melt, new_ck_in, mode_ANY);
+                               keep_alive(new_ck);
+#else
+                               new_ck = be_new_CopyKeep(entry->cls, irg, get_nodes_block(ref), be_get_CopyKeep_op(ref), n_melt, new_ck_in, get_irn_mode(ref));
+#endif /* KEEP_ALIVE_COPYKEEP_HACK */
+
+                               /* set register class for all kept inputs */
+                               for (j = 1; j <= n_melt; ++j)
+                                       be_node_set_reg_class(new_ck, j, entry->cls);
+
+                               ir_nodeset_insert(&entry->copies, new_ck);
+
+                               /* find scheduling point */
+                               sched_pt = ref_mode_T;
+                               do {
+                                       /* just walk along the schedule until a non-Keep/CopyKeep node is found */
+                                       sched_pt = sched_next(sched_pt);
+                               } while (be_is_Keep(sched_pt) || be_is_CopyKeep(sched_pt));
+
+                               sched_add_before(sched_pt, new_ck);
+                               DBG((cenv->dbg, LEVEL_1, "created %+F, scheduled before %+F\n", new_ck, sched_pt));
+
+                               /* finally: kill the reference copykeep */
+                               kill_node(ref);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               obstack_free(&obst, NULL);
+       }
+}
 
 /**
  * Walks over all nodes to assure register constraints.
@@ -659,134 +784,276 @@ static void assure_constraints_walker(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
  * @param birg  The birg structure containing the irg
  */
 void assure_constraints(be_irg_t *birg) {
-       irg_walk_blkwise_graph(birg->irg, NULL, assure_constraints_walker, birg);
-}
+       ir_graph         *irg      = be_get_birg_irg(birg);
+       constraint_env_t cenv;
+       op_copy_assoc_t  *entry;
+       ir_node          **nodes;
+       FIRM_DBG_REGISTER(firm_dbg_module_t *mod, "firm.be.lower.constr");
+
+       DEBUG_ONLY(cenv.dbg = mod;)
+       cenv.birg   = birg;
+       cenv.op_set = new_pset(cmp_op_copy_assoc, 16);
+       obstack_init(&cenv.obst);
+
+       irg_walk_blkwise_graph(irg, NULL, assure_constraints_walker, &cenv);
+
+       /* melt copykeeps, pointing to projs of */
+       /* the same mode_T node and keeping the */
+       /* same operand                         */
+       melt_copykeeps(&cenv);
+
+       /* for all */
+       foreach_pset(cenv.op_set, entry) {
+               int     n;
+               ir_node *cp;
+               ir_nodeset_iterator_t iter;
+               be_ssa_construction_env_t senv;
+
+               n     = ir_nodeset_size(&entry->copies);
+               nodes = alloca(n * sizeof(nodes[0]));
+
+               /* put the node in an array */
+               DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "introduce copies for %+F ", entry->op));
+
+               /* collect all copies */
+               n = 0;
+               foreach_ir_nodeset(&entry->copies, cp, iter) {
+                       nodes[n++] = cp;
+                       DB((mod, LEVEL_1, ", %+F ", cp));
+               }
 
+               DB((mod, LEVEL_1, "\n"));
+
+               /* introduce the copies for the operand and it's copies */
+               be_ssa_construction_init(&senv, birg);
+               be_ssa_construction_add_copy(&senv, entry->op);
+               be_ssa_construction_add_copies(&senv, nodes, n);
+               be_ssa_construction_fix_users(&senv, entry->op);
+               be_ssa_construction_destroy(&senv);
+
+               /* Could be that not all CopyKeeps are really needed, */
+               /* so we transform unnecessary ones into Keeps.       */
+               foreach_ir_nodeset(&entry->copies, cp, iter) {
+                       if (be_is_CopyKeep(cp) && get_irn_n_edges(cp) < 1) {
+                               ir_node *keep;
+                               int     n = get_irn_arity(cp);
+
+                               keep = be_new_Keep(arch_get_irn_reg_class(cp, -1),
+                                       irg, get_nodes_block(cp), n, get_irn_in(cp) + 1);
+                               sched_add_before(cp, keep);
+
+                               /* Set all ins (including the block) of the CopyKeep BAD to keep the verifier happy. */
+                               sched_remove(cp);
+                               kill_node(cp);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               ir_nodeset_destroy(&entry->copies);
+       }
+
+       del_pset(cenv.op_set);
+       obstack_free(&cenv.obst, NULL);
+       be_liveness_invalidate(be_get_birg_liveness(birg));
+}
 
 
 /**
- * Calls the corresponding lowering function for the node.
- *
- * @param irn      The node to be checked for lowering
- * @param walk_env The walker environment
+ * Push nodes that do not need to be permed through the Perm.
+ * This is commonly a reload cascade at block ends.
+ * @note This routine needs interference.
+ * @note Probably, we can implement it a little more efficient.
+ *       Especially searching the frontier lazily might be better.
+ * @param perm The perm.
+ * @param data The walker data (lower_env_t).
+ * @return     1, if there is something left to perm over.
+ *             0, if removed the complete perm.
  */
-static void lower_nodes_after_ra_walker(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
-       lower_env_t      *env      = walk_env;
-       const arch_env_t *arch_env = env->chord_env->birg->main_env->arch_env;
+static int push_through_perm(ir_node *perm, void *data)
+{
+       lower_env_t *env = data;
+
+       ir_graph *irg     = get_irn_irg(perm);
+       ir_node *bl       = get_nodes_block(perm);
+       ir_node *node;
+       int  arity        = get_irn_arity(perm);
+       int *map;
+       int *proj_map;
+       bitset_t *moved   = bitset_alloca(arity);
+       int n_moved;
+       int new_size;
+       ir_node *frontier = bl;
+       FIRM_DBG_REGISTER(firm_dbg_module_t *mod, "firm.be.lower.permmove");
 
-       if (!is_Block(irn) && !is_Proj(irn)) {
-               if (is_Perm(arch_env, irn)) {
-                       lower_perm_node(irn, walk_env);
+       int i, n;
+       const ir_edge_t *edge;
+       ir_node *one_proj = NULL, *irn;
+       const arch_register_class_t *cls = NULL;
+
+       DBG((mod, LEVEL_1, "perm move %+F irg %+F\n", perm, irg));
+
+       /* get some Proj and find out the register class of that Proj. */
+       edge     = get_irn_out_edge_first_kind(perm, EDGE_KIND_NORMAL);
+       one_proj = get_edge_src_irn(edge);
+       assert(is_Proj(one_proj));
+       cls      = arch_get_irn_reg_class(one_proj, -1);
+
+       /* Find the point in the schedule after which the
+        * potentially movable nodes must be defined.
+        * A Perm will only be pushed up to first instruction
+        * which lets an operand of itself die.
+        * If we would allow to move the Perm above this instruction,
+        * the former dead operand would be live now at the point of
+        * the Perm, increasing the register pressure by one.
+        */
+       sched_foreach_reverse_from (sched_prev(perm), irn) {
+               for (i = get_irn_arity(irn) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                       ir_node *op = get_irn_n(irn, i);
+                       if (arch_irn_consider_in_reg_alloc(cls, op) &&
+                           !values_interfere(env->birg, op, one_proj)) {
+                               frontier = irn;
+                               goto found_front;
+                       }
                }
        }
+found_front:
+
+       DBG((mod, LEVEL_2, "\tfrontier: %+F\n", frontier));
+
+       node = sched_prev(perm);
+       n_moved = 0;
+       while(!sched_is_begin(node)) {
+               const arch_register_req_t *req;
+               int                        input = -1;
+               ir_node                   *proj;
+
+               /* search if node is a INPUT of Perm */
+               foreach_out_edge(perm, edge) {
+                       ir_node *out = get_edge_src_irn(edge);
+                       int      pn  = get_Proj_proj(out);
+                       ir_node *in  = get_irn_n(perm, pn);
+                       if (node == in) {
+                               proj  = out;
+                               input = pn;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* it wasn't an input to the perm, we can't do anything more */
+               if(input < 0)
+                       break;
+               if(!sched_comes_after(frontier, node))
+                       break;
+               if (arch_irn_is(node, modify_flags))
+                       break;
+               if(is_Proj(node)) {
+                       req = arch_get_register_req(get_Proj_pred(node),
+                                                   -1 - get_Proj_proj(node));
+               } else {
+                       req = arch_get_register_req(node, -1);
+               }
+               if(req->type != arch_register_req_type_normal)
+                       break;
+               for(i = get_irn_arity(node) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                       ir_node *opop = get_irn_n(node, i);
+                       if (arch_irn_consider_in_reg_alloc(cls, opop)) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(i >= 0)
+                       break;
 
-       return;
-}
+               DBG((mod, LEVEL_2, "\tmoving %+F after %+F, killing %+F\n", node, perm, proj));
 
-static void lower_print_perm_stat(lower_env_t *env) {
-       int j, total_len_chain, total_len_cycle, total_size_perm, total_size_real_perm;
-       unsigned i;
+               /* move the movable node in front of the Perm */
+               sched_remove(node);
+               sched_add_after(perm, node);
 
-       printf("=== IRG: %s ===\n", get_entity_name(get_irg_entity(env->chord_env->irg)));
-       for (i = 0; i < env->pstat_n; i++) {
-               if (env->pstat[i]->num_perms == 0)
-                       continue;
+               /* give it the proj's register */
+               arch_set_irn_register(node, arch_get_irn_register(proj));
 
-               printf("CLASS: %s\n", env->pstat[i]->cls->name);
-               printf("# total perms:      %d (size:num   -> 1:%d", env->pstat[i]->num_perms, env->pstat[i]->perm_size_ar[0]);
+               /* reroute all users of the proj to the moved node. */
+               edges_reroute(proj, node, irg);
 
-               total_size_perm = env->pstat[i]->perm_size_ar[0];
-               for (j = 1; j < env->pstat[i]->cls->n_regs; j++) {
-                       total_size_perm += (j + 1) * env->pstat[i]->perm_size_ar[j];
-                       printf(", %d:%d", j + 1, env->pstat[i]->perm_size_ar[j]);
-               }
-               printf(")\n");
-               printf("avg perm size:      %.2f\n", env->pstat[i]->num_perms ? (float)total_size_perm / (float)env->pstat[i]->num_perms : 0);
+               /* and kill it */
+               set_Proj_pred(proj, new_Bad());
+               kill_node(proj);
 
-               printf("# real perms:       %d (size:num  -> 1:%d", env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms, env->pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar[0]);
+               bitset_set(moved, input);
+               n_moved++;
 
-               total_size_real_perm = env->pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar[0];
-               for (j = 1; j < env->pstat[i]->cls->n_regs; j++) {
-                       total_size_real_perm += (j + 1) * env->pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar[j];
-                       printf(", %d:%d", j + 1, env->pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar[j]);
-               }
-               printf(")\n");
-               printf("avg real perm size: %.2f\n", env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms ? (float)total_size_real_perm / (float)env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms : 0);
+               node = sched_prev(node);
+       }
 
-               printf("# total chains:     %d (lenght:num -> 1:%d", env->pstat[i]->num_chains, env->pstat[i]->chain_len_ar[0]);
+       /* well, we could not push anything through the perm */
+       if(n_moved == 0)
+               return 1;
 
-               total_len_chain = env->pstat[i]->chain_len_ar[0];
+       new_size = arity - n_moved;
+       if(new_size == 0) {
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-               for (j = 1; j < env->pstat[i]->cls->n_regs; j++) {
-                       total_len_chain += (j + 1) * env->pstat[i]->chain_len_ar[j];
-                       printf(", %d:%d", j + 1, env->pstat[i]->chain_len_ar[j]);
-               }
-               printf(")\n");
-               printf("avg chain length:   %.2f\n", env->pstat[i]->num_chains ? (float)total_len_chain / (float)env->pstat[i]->num_chains : 0);
-               printf("avg chains/perm:    %.2f\n", env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms ? (float)env->pstat[i]->num_chains / (float)env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms : 0);
+       map      = alloca(new_size * sizeof(map[0]));
+       proj_map = alloca(arity * sizeof(proj_map[0]));
+       memset(proj_map, -1, sizeof(proj_map[0]));
+       n   = 0;
+       for(i = 0; i < arity; ++i) {
+               if(bitset_is_set(moved, i))
+                       continue;
+               map[n]      = i;
+               proj_map[i] = n;
+               n++;
+       }
+       assert(n == new_size);
+       foreach_out_edge(perm, edge) {
+               ir_node *proj = get_edge_src_irn(edge);
+               int      pn   = get_Proj_proj(proj);
+               pn = proj_map[pn];
+               assert(pn >= 0);
+               set_Proj_proj(proj, pn);
+       }
 
-               printf("# total cycles:     %d (length:num -> 1:%d", env->pstat[i]->num_cycles, env->pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar[0]);
+       be_Perm_reduce(perm, new_size, map);
+       return 1;
+}
 
-               total_len_cycle = env->pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar[0];
-               for (j = 1; j < env->pstat[i]->cls->n_regs; j++) {
-                       total_len_cycle += (j + 1) * env->pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar[j];
-                       printf(", %d:%d", j + 1, env->pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar[j]);
-               }
-               printf(")\n");
-               printf("avg cycle length:   %.2f\n", env->pstat[i]->num_cycles ? (float)total_len_cycle / (float)env->pstat[i]->num_cycles : 0);
-               printf("avg cycles/perm:    %.2f\n", env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms ? (float)env->pstat[i]->num_cycles / (float)env->pstat[i]->num_real_perms : 0);
-       }
+/**
+ * Calls the corresponding lowering function for the node.
+ *
+ * @param irn      The node to be checked for lowering
+ * @param walk_env The walker environment
+ */
+static void lower_nodes_after_ra_walker(ir_node *irn, void *walk_env) {
+       int perm_stayed;
+
+       if (is_Block(irn) || is_Proj(irn))
+               return;
+       if (!be_is_Perm(irn))
+               return;
+
+       perm_stayed = push_through_perm(irn, walk_env);
+       if (!perm_stayed)
+               return;
+
+       lower_perm_node(irn, walk_env);
 }
 
 /**
  * Walks over all blocks in an irg and performs lowering need to be
  * done after register allocation (e.g. perm lowering).
  *
- * @param chord_env The chordal environment containing the irg
+ * @param birg      The birg object
  * @param do_copy   1 == resolve cycles with a free reg if available
  */
-void lower_nodes_after_ra(be_chordal_env_t *chord_env, int do_copy, int do_stat) {
+void lower_nodes_after_ra(be_irg_t *birg, int do_copy) {
        lower_env_t env;
+       ir_graph    *irg = be_get_birg_irg(birg);
 
-       env.chord_env  = chord_env;
-       env.do_copy    = do_copy;
-       env.do_stat    = do_stat;
+       env.birg    = birg;
+       env.do_copy = do_copy;
        FIRM_DBG_REGISTER(env.dbg_module, "firm.be.lower");
 
-       /* if we want statistics: allocate memory for the data and initialize with 0 */
-       if (do_stat) {
-               const arch_isa_t *isa = chord_env->birg->main_env->arch_env->isa;
-               int i, n = arch_isa_get_n_reg_class(isa);
+       /* we will need interference */
+       be_liveness_assure_chk(be_get_birg_liveness(birg));
 
-               env.pstat   = alloca(n * sizeof(env.pstat[0]));
-               env.pstat_n = n;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                       const arch_register_class_t *cls = arch_isa_get_reg_class(isa, i);
-                       int                       n_regs = cls->n_regs;
-
-                       env.pstat[i] = alloca(sizeof(*(env.pstat[0])));
-                       memset(env.pstat[i], 0, sizeof(*(env.pstat[0])));
-
-                       env.pstat[i]->perm_size_ar      = alloca(n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->perm_size_ar[0]));
-                       env.pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar = alloca(n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar[0]));
-                       env.pstat[i]->chain_len_ar      = alloca(n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->chain_len_ar[0]));
-                       env.pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar      = alloca(n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar[0]));
-
-                       memset(env.pstat[i]->perm_size_ar, 0, n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->perm_size_ar[0]));
-                       memset(env.pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar, 0, n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->real_perm_size_ar[0]));
-                       memset(env.pstat[i]->chain_len_ar, 0, n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->chain_len_ar[0]));
-                       memset(env.pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar, 0, n_regs * sizeof(env.pstat[i]->cycle_len_ar[0]));
-
-                       env.pstat[i]->cls = cls;
-               }
-       }
-
-       irg_walk_blkwise_graph(chord_env->irg, NULL, lower_nodes_after_ra_walker, &env);
-
-       if (do_stat) {
-               lower_print_perm_stat(&env);
-       }
+       irg_walk_blkwise_graph(irg, NULL, lower_nodes_after_ra_walker, &env);
 }
-
-#undef is_Perm