if( to if (
[cparser] / ast2firm.c
index eddc7aa..e9d4267 100644 (file)
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include <libfirm/firm.h>
 #include <libfirm/adt/obst.h>
+#include <libfirm/be.h>
 
 #include "ast2firm.h"
 
 #include "diagnostic.h"
 #include "lang_features.h"
 #include "types.h"
+#include "warning.h"
+#include "entitymap_t.h"
 #include "driver/firm_opt.h"
 #include "driver/firm_cmdline.h"
 
 #define MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER            (long) -314159265
 
+/* some idents needed for name mangling */
+static ident *id_underscore;
+static ident *id_imp;
+
 static ir_type *ir_type_const_char;
 static ir_type *ir_type_wchar_t;
 static ir_type *ir_type_void;
@@ -56,9 +63,13 @@ static ir_node  *break_label;
 static ir_node  *current_switch_cond;
 static bool      saw_default_label;
 static ir_node **imature_blocks;
+static bool constant_folding;
 
 static const declaration_t *current_function_decl;
 static ir_node             *current_function_name;
+static ir_node             *current_funcsig;
+
+static entitymap_t  entitymap;
 
 static struct obstack asm_obst;
 
@@ -71,17 +82,21 @@ typedef enum declaration_kind_t {
        DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY,
        DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER,
        DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK,
-       DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY
+       DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY,
+       DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE,
+       DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE,
+       DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE
 } declaration_kind_t;
 
 static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type);
+static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type);
 static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt);
 
 ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
 {
        const declaration_t *declaration = get_irg_loc_description(irg, pos);
 
-       warningf(declaration->source_position,
+       warningf(&declaration->source_position,
                 "variable '%#T' might be used uninitialized",
                 declaration->type, declaration->symbol);
        return new_r_Unknown(irg, mode);
@@ -90,7 +105,7 @@ ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
 unsigned dbg_snprint(char *buf, unsigned len, const dbg_info *dbg)
 {
        const source_position_t *pos = (const source_position_t*) dbg;
-       if(pos == NULL)
+       if (pos == NULL)
                return 0;
        return (unsigned) snprintf(buf, len, "%s:%u", pos->input_name,
                                   pos->linenr);
@@ -99,9 +114,9 @@ unsigned dbg_snprint(char *buf, unsigned len, const dbg_info *dbg)
 const char *dbg_retrieve(const dbg_info *dbg, unsigned *line)
 {
        const source_position_t *pos = (const source_position_t*) dbg;
-       if(pos == NULL)
+       if (pos == NULL)
                return NULL;
-       if(line != NULL)
+       if (line != NULL)
                *line = pos->linenr;
        return pos->input_name;
 }
@@ -111,207 +126,81 @@ static dbg_info *get_dbg_info(const source_position_t *pos)
        return (dbg_info*) pos;
 }
 
-static unsigned unique_id = 0;
-
-static ident *unique_ident(const char *tag)
-{
-       char buf[256];
-
-       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%u", tag, unique_id);
-       unique_id++;
-       return new_id_from_str(buf);
-}
-
-/**
- * Return the signed integer mode of size bytes.
- *
- * @param size   the size
- */
-static ir_mode *get_smode(unsigned size)
-{
-       static ir_mode *s_modes[16 + 1] = {0, };
-       ir_mode *res;
-
-       if (size <= 0 || size > 16)
-               return NULL;
-
-       res = s_modes[size];
-       if (res == NULL) {
-               unsigned bits;
-       char name[32];
+static ir_mode *_atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1];
 
-       bits = size * 8;
-       snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "i%u", bits);
-       res = new_ir_mode(name, irms_int_number, bits, 1, irma_twos_complement,
-                                       bits <= machine_size ? machine_size : bits );
+static ir_mode *mode_int, *mode_uint;
 
-               s_modes[size] = res;
+static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
+static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
+static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type);
+static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);
+
+static ir_mode *init_atomic_ir_mode(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
+{
+       unsigned flags = get_atomic_type_flags(kind);
+       unsigned size  = get_atomic_type_size(kind);
+       if ( (flags & (ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT))
+                       && !(flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_COMPLEX)) {
+               char            name[64];
+               ir_mode_sort    sort;
+               unsigned        bit_size     = size * 8;
+               bool            is_signed    = (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED) != 0;
+               ir_mode_arithmetic arithmetic;
+               unsigned        modulo_shift;
+
+               if (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) {
+                       assert(! (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT));
+                       snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "i%s%d", is_signed?"":"u", bit_size);
+                       sort         = irms_int_number;
+                       arithmetic   = irma_twos_complement;
+                       modulo_shift = bit_size < machine_size ? machine_size : bit_size;
+               } else {
+                       assert(flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT);
+                       snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "f%d", bit_size);
+                       sort         = irms_float_number;
+                       arithmetic   = irma_ieee754;
+                       modulo_shift = 0;
+               }
+               return new_ir_mode(name, sort, bit_size, is_signed, arithmetic,
+                                  modulo_shift);
        }
-       return res;
-}
-
-/**
- * Return the unsigned integer mode of size bytes.
- *
- * @param size  the size
- */
-static ir_mode *get_umode(unsigned size)
-{
-       static ir_mode *u_modes[16 + 1] = {0, };
-       ir_mode *res;
-
-       if (size <= 0 || size > 16)
-               return NULL;
-
-       res = u_modes[size];
-       if (res == NULL) {
-               unsigned bits;
-               char name[32];
-
-               bits = size * 8;
-               snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "u%u", bits);
-               res = new_ir_mode(name, irms_int_number, bits, 0, irma_twos_complement,
-                                               bits <= machine_size ? machine_size : bits );
 
-               u_modes[size] = res;
-       }
-       return res;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
 /**
- * Return the pointer mode of size bytes.
- *
- * @param size  the size
+ * Initialises the atomic modes depending on the machine size.
  */
-static ir_mode *get_ptrmode(unsigned size, char *name)
+static void init_atomic_modes(void)
 {
-       static ir_mode *p_modes[16 + 1] = {0, };
-       ir_mode *res;
-
-       if (size <= 0 || size > 16)
-               return NULL;
-
-       res = p_modes[size];
-       if (res == NULL) {
-               unsigned bits;
-               char buf[32];
-
-               bits = size * 8;
-               if (name == NULL) {
-                       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "p%u", bits);
-                       name = buf;
-               }
-               res = new_ir_mode(name, irms_reference, bits, 0, irma_twos_complement,
-                                               bits <= machine_size ? machine_size : bits);
-
-               p_modes[size] = res;
-
-               set_reference_mode_signed_eq(res, get_smode(size));
-               set_reference_mode_unsigned_eq(res, get_umode(size));
+       for(int i = 0; i <= ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST; ++i) {
+               _atomic_modes[i] = init_atomic_ir_mode((atomic_type_kind_t) i);
        }
-       return res;
-}
-
-static ir_mode *_atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST];
-
-static ir_mode *mode_int, *mode_uint;
-
-static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
-static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type);
-
-/**
- * Initialises the atomic modes depending on the machine size.
- */
-static void init_atomic_modes(void) {
-       unsigned int_size   = machine_size < 32 ? 2 : 4;
-       unsigned long_size  = machine_size < 64 ? 4 : 8;
-       unsigned llong_size = machine_size < 32 ? 4 : 8;
-
-       /* firm has no real void... */
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID]        = mode_T;
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR]        = char_is_signed ? get_smode(1) : get_umode(1);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR]       = get_smode(1);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR]       = get_umode(1);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT]       = get_smode(2);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT]      = get_umode(2);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT]         = get_smode(int_size);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT]        = get_umode(int_size);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG]        = get_smode(long_size);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG]       = get_umode(long_size);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG]    = get_smode(llong_size);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG]   = get_umode(llong_size);
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT]       = mode_F;
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE]      = mode_D;
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE] = mode_E;
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL]        = get_umode(int_size);
-
-#ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL]                  = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT];
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_IMAGINARY]       = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT];
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE_IMAGINARY]      = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE];
-       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_IMAGINARY] = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE];
-#endif
-
-       /* Hmm, pointers should be machine size */
-       set_modeP_data(get_ptrmode(machine_size >> 3, NULL));
-       set_modeP_code(get_ptrmode(machine_size >> 3, NULL));
-
        mode_int  = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT];
        mode_uint = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT];
-}
-
-static ir_mode *get_atomic_mode(const atomic_type_t* atomic_type)
-{
-       ir_mode *res = NULL;
-       if ((unsigned)atomic_type->akind < (unsigned)ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST)
-               res = _atomic_modes[(unsigned)atomic_type->akind];
-       if (res == NULL)
-               panic("Encountered unknown atomic type");
-       return res;
-}
-
-static unsigned get_atomic_type_size(const atomic_type_t *type)
-{
-       switch(type->akind) {
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR:
-               return 1;
-
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT:
-               return 2;
 
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:
-               return machine_size >> 3;
+       /* there's no real void type in firm */
+       _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID] = mode_int;
 
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:
-               return machine_size > 16 ? machine_size >> 3 : 4;
+       /* initialize pointer modes */
+       char            name[64];
+       ir_mode_sort    sort         = irms_reference;
+       unsigned        bit_size     = machine_size;
+       bool            is_signed    = 0;
+       ir_mode_arithmetic arithmetic   = irma_twos_complement;
+       unsigned        modulo_shift
+               = bit_size < machine_size ? machine_size : bit_size;
 
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:
-               return machine_size > 16 ? 8 : 4;
+       snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "p%d", machine_size);
+       ir_mode *ptr_mode = new_ir_mode(name, sort, bit_size, is_signed, arithmetic,
+                                       modulo_shift);
 
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:
-               return 4;
+       set_reference_mode_signed_eq(ptr_mode, _atomic_modes[get_intptr_kind()]);
+       set_reference_mode_unsigned_eq(ptr_mode, _atomic_modes[get_uintptr_kind()]);
 
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-               return 8;
-
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE:
-               return 12;
-
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID:
-               return 1;
-
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID:
-       case ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST:
-               break;
-       }
-       panic("Trying to determine size of invalid atomic type");
+       /* Hmm, pointers should be machine size */
+       set_modeP_data(ptr_mode);
+       set_modeP_code(ptr_mode);
 }
 
 static unsigned get_compound_type_size(compound_type_t *type)
@@ -330,13 +219,15 @@ static unsigned get_array_type_size(array_type_t *type)
 
 static unsigned get_type_size_const(type_t *type)
 {
-       type = skip_typeref(type);
-
        switch(type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
-               panic("error type occured");
+               panic("error type occurred");
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
-               return get_atomic_type_size(&type->atomic);
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind);
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+               return 2 * get_atomic_type_size(type->complex.akind);
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->imaginary.akind);
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_int);
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
@@ -365,9 +256,9 @@ static ir_node *get_type_size(type_t *type)
 {
        type = skip_typeref(type);
 
-       if(is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla) {
+       if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla) {
                ir_node *size_node = type->array.size_node;
-               if(size_node == NULL) {
+               if (size_node == NULL) {
                        size_node = expression_to_firm(type->array.size_expression);
                        assert(!is_Const(size_node));
                        type->array.size_node = size_node;
@@ -397,50 +288,95 @@ static unsigned count_parameters(const function_type_t *function_type)
        return count;
 }
 
-
+/**
+ * Creates a Firm type for an atomic type
+ */
 static ir_type *create_atomic_type(const atomic_type_t *type)
 {
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&type->type.source_position);
-       ir_mode *mode   = get_atomic_mode(type);
-       ident   *id     = get_mode_ident(mode);
-       ir_type *irtype = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);
+       dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
+       ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
+       ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
+       ir_type            *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);
 
-       /* TODO: this is x86 specific, we should fiddle this into
-        * lang_features.h somehow... */
-       if(type->akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE
-                       || type->akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE
-                       || type->akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG
-                       || type->akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG) {
-               set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, 4);
-       }
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);
+
+       return irtype;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Firm type for a complex type
+ */
+static ir_type *create_complex_type(const complex_type_t *type)
+{
+       dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
+       ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
+       ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
+
+       (void) id;
+       (void) dbgi;
+
+       /* FIXME: finish the array */
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Firm type for an imaginary type
+ */
+static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
+{
+       dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
+       ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
+       ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
+       ir_type            *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);
+
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);
 
        return irtype;
 }
 
+/**
+ * return type of a parameter (and take transparent union gnu extension into
+ * account)
+ */
+static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *type)
+{
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+       if (type->base.modifiers & TYPE_MODIFIER_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
+               declaration_t *decl = type->compound.declaration;
+               type                = decl->scope.declarations->type;
+       }
+
+       return type;
+}
+
 static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
 {
        type_t  *return_type  = function_type->return_type;
 
-       ident   *id           = unique_ident("functiontype");
+       ident   *id           = id_unique("functiontype.%u");
        int      n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type);
        int      n_results    = return_type == type_void ? 0 : 1;
-       dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&function_type->type.source_position);
+       dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&function_type->base.source_position);
        ir_type *irtype       = new_d_type_method(id, n_parameters, n_results, dbgi);
 
-       if(return_type != type_void) {
+       if (return_type != type_void) {
                ir_type *restype = get_ir_type(return_type);
                set_method_res_type(irtype, 0, restype);
        }
 
        function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
        int                   n         = 0;
-       for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
-               ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(parameter->type);
+       for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
+               type_t  *type     = get_parameter_type(parameter->type);
+               ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(type);
                set_method_param_type(irtype, n, p_irtype);
                ++n;
        }
 
-       if(function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+       if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
                set_method_variadicity(irtype, variadicity_variadic);
        }
 
@@ -449,19 +385,11 @@ static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
 
 static ir_type *create_pointer_type(pointer_type_t *type)
 {
-       type_t  *points_to = type->points_to;
-       ir_type *ir_points_to;
-       /* Avoid endless recursion if the points_to type contains this poiner type
-        * again (might be a struct). We therefore first create a void* pointer
-        * and then set the real points_to type
-        */
-       dbg_info *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&type->type.source_position);
-       ir_type *ir_type = new_d_type_pointer(unique_ident("pointer"),
-                                           ir_type_void, mode_P_data, dbgi);
-       type->type.firm_type  = ir_type;
-
-       ir_points_to = get_ir_type(points_to);
-       set_pointer_points_to_type(ir_type, ir_points_to);
+       type_t   *points_to    = type->points_to;
+       ir_type  *ir_points_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(points_to);
+       dbg_info *dbgi         = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       ir_type  *ir_type      = new_d_type_pointer(id_unique("pointer.%u"),
+                                                   ir_points_to, mode_P_data, dbgi);
 
        return ir_type;
 }
@@ -471,20 +399,20 @@ static ir_type *create_array_type(array_type_t *type)
        type_t  *element_type    = type->element_type;
        ir_type *ir_element_type = get_ir_type(element_type);
 
-       ident    *id      = unique_ident("array");
-       dbg_info *dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&type->type.source_position);
+       ident    *id      = id_unique("array.%u");
+       dbg_info *dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        ir_type  *ir_type = new_d_type_array(id, 1, ir_element_type, dbgi);
 
        const int align = get_type_alignment_bytes(ir_element_type);
        set_type_alignment_bytes(ir_type, align);
 
-       if(type->size_constant) {
+       if (type->size_constant) {
                int n_elements = type->size;
 
                set_array_bounds_int(ir_type, 0, 0, n_elements);
 
                size_t elemsize = get_type_size_bytes(ir_element_type);
-               if(elemsize % align > 0) {
+               if (elemsize % align > 0) {
                        elemsize += align - (elemsize % align);
                }
                set_type_size_bytes(ir_type, n_elements * elemsize);
@@ -569,14 +497,14 @@ static ir_type *get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
 
 static ir_type *create_bitfield_type(bitfield_type_t *const type)
 {
-       type_t *base = skip_typeref(type->base);
-       assert(base->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC);
+       type_t *base = skip_typeref(type->base_type);
+       assert(base->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || base->kind == TYPE_ENUM);
        ir_type *irbase = get_ir_type(base);
 
        unsigned size = fold_constant(type->size);
 
        assert(!is_type_float(base));
-       if(is_type_signed(base)) {
+       if (is_type_signed(base)) {
                return get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size);
        } else {
                return get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size);
@@ -585,68 +513,101 @@ static ir_type *create_bitfield_type(bitfield_type_t *const type)
 
 #define INVALID_TYPE ((ir_type_ptr)-1)
 
-static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                  size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align);
+enum {
+       COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT = false,
+       COMPOUND_IS_UNION  = true
+};
 
-static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                   size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align)
+/**
+ * Construct firm type from ast struct type.
+ *
+ * As anonymous inner structs get flattened to a single firm type, we might get
+ * irtype, outer_offset and out_align passed (they represent the position of
+ * the anonymous inner struct inside the resulting firm struct)
+ */
+static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
+                                     size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align,
+                                     bool incomplete, bool is_union)
 {
-       declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration;
-       if(declaration->v.irtype != NULL) {
+       declaration_t      *declaration = type->declaration;
+       declaration_kind_t  kind        = (declaration_kind_t)declaration->declaration_kind;
+
+       if (kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE
+                       || (kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE
+                               && incomplete))
                return declaration->v.irtype;
-       }
 
        size_t align_all  = 1;
        size_t offset     = 0;
        size_t bit_offset = 0;
-       if(irtype == NULL) {
+       size_t size       = 0;
+
+       if (irtype == NULL) {
                symbol_t *symbol = declaration->symbol;
                ident    *id;
-               if(symbol != NULL) {
-                       id = unique_ident(symbol->string);
+               if (symbol != NULL) {
+                       id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                } else {
-                       id = unique_ident("__anonymous_struct");
+                       if (is_union) {
+                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
+                       } else {
+                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
+                       }
                }
-               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&type->type.source_position);
+               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
 
-               irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
+               if (is_union) {
+                       irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
+               } else {
+                       irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
+               }
 
-               declaration->v.irtype = irtype;
-               type->type.firm_type  = irtype;
+               declaration->declaration_kind
+                       = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE;
+               declaration->v.irtype         = irtype;
+               //type->base.firm_type          = irtype;
        } else {
                offset    = *outer_offset;
                align_all = *outer_align;
        }
 
+       if (incomplete)
+               return irtype;
+
+       declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE;
+
        declaration_t *entry = declaration->scope.declarations;
        for( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next) {
-               if(entry->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               if (entry->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
 
+               size_t prev_offset = offset;
+
                symbol_t *symbol     = entry->symbol;
                type_t   *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
                dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->source_position);
+
                ident    *ident;
-               if(symbol != NULL) {
+               if (symbol != NULL) {
                        ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                } else {
-                       if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
-                               create_struct_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                  &align_all);
-                               continue;
-                       } else if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
-                               create_union_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                 &align_all);
-                               continue;
+                       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
+                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
+                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+                               goto finished_member;
+                       } else if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
+                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
+                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+                               goto finished_member;
                        } else {
                                assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
                        }
-                       ident = unique_ident("anon");
+                       ident = id_unique("anon.%u");
                }
 
                ir_type *base_irtype;
-               if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
-                       base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type->bitfield.base);
+               if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type->bitfield.base_type);
                } else {
                        base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
                }
@@ -659,11 +620,11 @@ static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
 
                size_t base;
                size_t bits_remainder;
-               if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+               if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
                        size_t size_bits      = fold_constant(entry_type->bitfield.size);
                        size_t rest_size_bits = (entry_alignment - misalign)*8 - bit_offset;
 
-                       if(size_bits > rest_size_bits) {
+                       if (size_bits > rest_size_bits) {
                                /* start a new bucket */
                                offset     += entry_alignment - misalign;
                                bit_offset  = 0;
@@ -680,7 +641,7 @@ static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                        bit_offset  = bit_offset + (size_bits % 8);
                } else {
                        size_t entry_size = get_type_size_bytes(base_irtype);
-                       if(misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0)
+                       if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0)
                                offset += entry_alignment - misalign;
 
                        base           = offset;
@@ -689,8 +650,8 @@ static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                        bit_offset     = 0;
                }
 
-               if(entry_alignment > align_all) {
-                       if(entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
+               if (entry_alignment > align_all) {
+                       if (entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
                                panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
                        }
                        align_all = entry_alignment;
@@ -703,123 +664,36 @@ static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                entry->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
                assert(entry->v.entity == NULL);
                entry->v.entity         = entity;
-       }
-
-       size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
-       if(misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
-               offset += align_all - misalign;
-       }
 
-       if(outer_offset != NULL) {
-               *outer_offset = offset;
-               *outer_align  = align_all;
-       } else {
-               set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
-               set_type_size_bytes(irtype, offset);
-               set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
+finished_member:
+               if (is_union) {
+                       size_t entry_size = offset - prev_offset;
+                       if (entry_size > size) {
+                               size = entry_size;
+                       }
+                       offset     = 0;
+                       bit_offset = 0;
+               }
        }
 
-       return irtype;
-}
-
-static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                  size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align)
-{
-       declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration;
-       if(declaration->v.irtype != NULL) {
-               return declaration->v.irtype;
+       if (!is_union) {
+               size = offset;
        }
 
-       size_t align_all = 1;
-       size_t offset    = 0;
-       size_t size      = 0;
-
-       if(irtype == NULL) {
-               symbol_t      *symbol      = declaration->symbol;
-               ident         *id;
-               if(symbol != NULL) {
-                       id = unique_ident(symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       id = unique_ident("__anonymous_union");
-               }
-               dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&type->type.source_position);
-
-               irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
-
-               declaration->v.irtype = irtype;
-               type->type.firm_type  = irtype;
-       } else {
-               offset    = *outer_offset;
-               align_all = *outer_align;
+       size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
+       if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
+               size += align_all - misalign;
        }
 
-       type->type.firm_type = irtype;
-
-       declaration_t *entry = declaration->scope.declarations;
-       for( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next) {
-               if(entry->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
-                       continue;
-
-               symbol_t *symbol        = entry->symbol;
-               type_t   *entry_type    = skip_typeref(entry->type);
-               ir_type  *entry_ir_type = get_ir_type(entry_type);
-
-               ident *ident;
-               if(symbol != NULL) {
-                       ident = new_id_from_str(entry->symbol->string);
+       if (outer_offset != NULL) {
+               if (!is_union) {
+                       *outer_offset = offset;
                } else {
-                       size_t offs = offset;
-                       if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
-                               create_struct_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offs,
-                                                  &align_all);
-                               continue;
-                       } else if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
-                               create_union_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offs,
-                                                 &align_all);
-                               continue;
-                       } else {
-                               panic("anonymous union member must be struct or union");
-                       }
-                       size_t entry_size = offs - offset;
-                       if(entry_size > size) {
-                               size = entry_size;
-                       }
-                       ident = unique_ident("anon");
-               }
-
-               size_t entry_size      = get_type_size_bytes(entry_ir_type);
-               size_t entry_alignment = get_type_alignment_bytes(entry_ir_type);
-
-               dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&entry->source_position);
-               ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(irtype, ident, entry_ir_type,
-                                                      dbgi);
-               //add_union_member(irtype, entity);
-               set_entity_offset(entity, 0);
-               entry->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
-               assert(entry->v.entity == NULL);
-               entry->v.entity         = entity;
-
-               if(entry_size > size) {
-                       size = entry_size;
-               }
-               if(entry_alignment > align_all) {
-                       if(entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
-                               panic("Uneven alignments not supported yet");
-                       }
-                       align_all = entry_alignment;
+                       *outer_offset += size;
                }
-       }
-
-       if(outer_offset != NULL) {
-               assert(*outer_offset == offset);
 
-               size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
-               if (misalign != 0)
-                       size += align_all - misalign;
-               *outer_offset += size;
-
-               if(align_all > *outer_align) {
-                       if(align_all % *outer_align != 0) {
+               if (align_all > *outer_align) {
+                       if (align_all % *outer_align != 0) {
                                panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
                        }
                        *outer_align = align_all;
@@ -828,7 +702,6 @@ static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
                set_type_size_bytes(irtype, size);
                set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
-               declaration->v.irtype = irtype;
        }
 
        return irtype;
@@ -836,12 +709,15 @@ static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
 
 static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
 {
-       type->type.firm_type = ir_type_int;
+       type->base.firm_type = ir_type_int;
 
        ir_mode *const mode    = mode_int;
        tarval  *const one     = get_mode_one(mode);
        tarval  *      tv_next = get_tarval_null(mode);
 
+       bool constant_folding_old = constant_folding;
+       constant_folding = true;
+
        declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration->next;
        for (; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                if (declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY)
@@ -861,27 +737,57 @@ static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
                tv_next = tarval_add(tv_next, one);
        }
 
+       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
+
        return ir_type_int;
 }
 
+static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
+{
+       assert(type != NULL);
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+
+       if (type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
+               assert(type->base.firm_type != INVALID_TYPE);
+               return type->base.firm_type;
+       }
+
+       switch (type->kind) {
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+       default:
+               return get_ir_type(type);
+       }
+}
+
 static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
 {
        assert(type != NULL);
 
        type = skip_typeref(type);
 
-       if(type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
+       if (type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
                assert(type->base.firm_type != INVALID_TYPE);
                return type->base.firm_type;
        }
 
        ir_type *firm_type = NULL;
-       switch(type->kind) {
+       switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
-               panic("error type occured");
+               panic("error type occurred");
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
                firm_type = create_atomic_type(&type->atomic);
                break;
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+               firm_type = create_complex_type(&type->complex);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+               firm_type = create_imaginary_type(&type->imaginary);
+               break;
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
                firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function);
                break;
@@ -892,10 +798,12 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
                firm_type = create_array_type(&type->array);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               firm_type = create_struct_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-               firm_type = create_union_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
                break;
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                firm_type = create_enum_type(&type->enumt);
@@ -912,7 +820,7 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
        case TYPE_INVALID:
                break;
        }
-       if(firm_type == NULL)
+       if (firm_type == NULL)
                panic("unknown type found");
 
        type->base.firm_type = firm_type;
@@ -924,7 +832,7 @@ static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type)
        ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(type);
 
        /* firm doesn't report a mode for arrays somehow... */
-       if(is_Array_type(irtype)) {
+       if (is_Array_type(irtype)) {
                return mode_P_data;
        }
 
@@ -933,8 +841,6 @@ static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type)
        return mode;
 }
 
-static ident *predef_idents[rts_max];
-
 /** Names of the runtime functions. */
 static const struct {
        int        id;           /**< the rts id */
@@ -945,6 +851,7 @@ static const struct {
 } rts_data[] = {
        { rts_debugbreak, 0, "__debugbreak", 0, _MS },
        { rts_abort,      0, "abort",        0, _C89 },
+       { rts_alloca,     1, "alloca",       1, _ALL },
        { rts_abs,        1, "abs",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_labs,       1, "labs",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_llabs,      1, "llabs",        1, _C99 },
@@ -1016,9 +923,71 @@ static const struct {
        { rts_strncmp,    1, "strncmp",      3, _C89 }
 };
 
-static ir_entity* get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
+static ident *rts_idents[sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0])];
+
+/**
+ * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for win32 usage.
+ *
+ * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
+ * @param declaration  the declaration
+ */
+static ident *create_ld_ident_win32(ir_entity *ent, declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       ident *id;
+
+       if (is_Method_type(get_entity_type(ent)))
+               id = decorate_win32_c_fkt(ent, get_entity_ident(ent));
+       else {
+               /* always add an underscore in win32 */
+               id = mangle(id_underscore, get_entity_ident(ent));
+       }
+
+       decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
+       if (decl_modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
+               /* add prefix for imported symbols */
+               id = mangle(id_imp, id);
+       }
+       return id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for Linux ELF usage.
+ *
+ * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
+ * @param declaration  the declaration
+ */
+static ident *create_ld_ident_linux_elf(ir_entity *entity,
+                                        declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       (void) declaration;
+       return get_entity_ident(entity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for Mach-O usage.
+ *
+ * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
+ * @param declaration  the declaration
+ */
+static ident *create_ld_ident_macho(ir_entity *ent, declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       (void) declaration;
+       ident *id = mangle(id_underscore, get_entity_ident(ent));
+       return id;
+}
+
+typedef ident* (*create_ld_ident_func)(ir_entity *entity,
+                                       declaration_t *declaration);
+create_ld_ident_func  create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_linux_elf;
+
+/**
+ * Creates an entity representing a function.
+ *
+ * @param declaration  the function declaration
+ */
+static ir_entity *get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
-       if(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION)
+       if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION)
                return declaration->v.entity;
        assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
 
@@ -1029,49 +998,71 @@ static ir_entity* get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
        ir_type  *ir_type_method = get_ir_type(declaration->type);
        assert(is_Method_type(ir_type_method));
 
-       dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
-       ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
-       if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC
-                       || declaration->is_inline) {
+       /* already an entity defined? */
+       ir_entity *entity = entitymap_get(&entitymap, symbol);
+       if (entity != NULL) {
+               if (get_entity_visibility(entity) == visibility_external_allocated
+                               && declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
+                       set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
+               }
+               goto entity_created;
+       }
+
+       dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
+       entity               = new_d_entity(global_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
+
+       /* static inline             => local
+        * extern inline             => local
+        * inline without definition => local
+        * inline with definition    => external_visible */
+       storage_class_tag_t const storage_class = declaration->storage_class;
+       bool                const is_inline     = declaration->is_inline;
+       bool                const has_body      = declaration->init.statement != NULL;
+       if (is_inline && storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && has_body) {
+               set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
+       } else if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
+                  (is_inline && has_body)) {
+               if (!has_body) {
+                       /* this entity was declared, but is defined nowhere */
+                       set_entity_peculiarity(entity, peculiarity_description);
+               }
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
-       } else if(declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
+       } else if (has_body) {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
        } else {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_allocated);
+       }
+       set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
 
-               /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
-                  this is not needed. */
-               int    n_params = get_method_n_params(ir_type_method);
-               int    n_res    = get_method_n_ress(ir_type_method);
-               int    i;
+       /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
+          this is not needed. */
+       if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
+               /* check for a known runtime function */
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
+                       if (id != rts_idents[i])
+                               continue;
 
-               if (n_params == 0 && n_res == 0 && id == predef_idents[rts_abort]) {
-                       /* found abort(), store for later */
-                       //abort_ent = ent;
-                       //abort_tp  = ftype;
-               } else {
-                       if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
-                               /* check for a known runtime function */
-                               for (i = 0; i < rts_max; ++i) {
-                                       /* ignore those rts functions not necessary needed for current mode */
-                                       if ((c_mode & rts_data[i].flags) == 0)
-                                               continue;
-                                       if (n_params == rts_data[i].n_params && n_res == rts_data[i].n_res &&
-                                               id == predef_idents[rts_data[i].id])
-                                               rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] = entity;
-                               }
-                       }
+                       /* ignore those rts functions not necessary needed for current mode */
+                       if ((c_mode & rts_data[i].flags) == 0)
+                               continue;
+                       assert(rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] == NULL);
+                       rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] = entity;
                }
        }
-       set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
 
+       entitymap_insert(&entitymap, symbol, entity);
+
+entity_created:
        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
 
        return entity;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Const node representing a constant.
+ */
 static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
@@ -1080,10 +1071,10 @@ static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        char    buf[128];
        tarval *tv;
        size_t  len;
-       if(mode_is_float(mode)) {
+       if (mode_is_float(mode)) {
                tv = new_tarval_from_double(cnst->v.float_value, mode);
        } else {
-               if(mode_is_signed(mode)) {
+               if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
                        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
                } else {
                        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu",
@@ -1095,6 +1086,9 @@ static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Const node representing a character constant.
+ */
 static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
@@ -1102,7 +1096,11 @@ static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 
        long long int v = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < cnst->v.character.size; ++i) {
-               v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
+               if (char_is_signed) {
+                       v = (v << 8) | ((signed char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
+               } else {
+                       v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
+               }
        }
        char    buf[128];
        size_t  len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
@@ -1111,6 +1109,9 @@ static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Const node representing a wide character constant.
+ */
 static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
@@ -1125,8 +1126,15 @@ static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst for a given entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the SymConst
+ * @param entity  the entity
+ */
 static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
-                                ir_entity *entity)
+                              ir_entity *entity)
 {
        assert(entity != NULL);
        union symconst_symbol sym;
@@ -1134,16 +1142,23 @@ static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
        return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode, sym, symconst_addr_ent);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a string constant.
+ *
+ * @param src_pos    the source position of the string constant
+ * @param id_prefix  a prefix for the name of the generated string constant
+ * @param value      the value of the string constant
+ */
 static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
                                const char *const id_prefix,
                                const string_t *const value)
 {
        ir_type  *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        dbg_info *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(src_pos);
-       ir_type  *const type        = new_d_type_array(unique_ident("strtype"), 1,
+       ir_type  *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
                                                       ir_type_const_char, dbgi);
 
-       ident     *const id     = unique_ident(id_prefix);
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique(id_prefix);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
@@ -1171,23 +1186,33 @@ static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a string literal.
+ *
+ * @param literal   the string literal
+ */
 static ir_node *string_literal_to_firm(
                const string_literal_expression_t* literal)
 {
-       return string_to_firm(&literal->base.source_position, "Lstr",
+       return string_to_firm(&literal->base.source_position, "Lstr.%u",
                              &literal->value);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a wide string literal.
+ *
+ * @param literal   the wide string literal
+ */
 static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
        const wide_string_literal_expression_t* const literal)
 {
        ir_type *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_type *const elem_type   = ir_type_wchar_t;
        dbg_info *const dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&literal->base.source_position);
-       ir_type *const type        = new_d_type_array(unique_ident("strtype"), 1,
+       ir_type *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
                                                    elem_type, dbgi);
 
-       ident     *const id     = unique_ident("Lstr");
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique("Lstr.%u");
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
@@ -1214,12 +1239,13 @@ static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
-static ir_node *deref_address(ir_type *const irtype, ir_node *const addr,
-                              dbg_info *const dbgi)
+static ir_node *deref_address(dbg_info *const dbgi, type_t *const type,
+                                     ir_node *const addr)
 {
-       if (is_compound_type(irtype) ||
-                       is_Method_type(irtype)   ||
-                       is_Array_type(irtype)) {
+       ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(type);
+       if (is_compound_type(irtype)
+                       || is_Method_type(irtype)
+                       || is_Array_type(irtype)) {
                return addr;
        }
 
@@ -1228,21 +1254,29 @@ static ir_node *deref_address(ir_type *const irtype, ir_node *const addr,
        ir_node *const load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, memory, addr, mode);
        ir_node *const load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
        ir_node *const load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode,   pn_Load_res);
+
+       if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
+               set_Load_volatility(load, volatility_is_volatile);
+       }
+
        set_store(load_mem);
        return load_res;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a strict Conv if neccessary.
+ */
 static ir_node *do_strict_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *node)
 {
        ir_mode *mode = get_irn_mode(node);
 
-       if(!(get_irg_fp_model(current_ir_graph) & fp_explicit_rounding))
+       if (!(get_irg_fp_model(current_ir_graph) & fp_explicit_rounding))
                return node;
-       if(!mode_is_float(mode))
+       if (!mode_is_float(mode))
                return node;
 
        /* check if there is already a Conv */
-       if (get_irn_op(node) == op_Conv) {
+       if (is_Conv(node)) {
                /* convert it into a strict Conv */
                set_Conv_strict(node, 1);
                return node;
@@ -1272,8 +1306,10 @@ static ir_node *get_global_var_address(dbg_info *const dbgi,
        }
 }
 
-/* Returns the correct base address depending on whether it is a parameter or a
- * normal local variable */
+/**
+ * Returns the correct base address depending on whether it is a parameter or a
+ * normal local variable.
+ */
 static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
 {
        ir_graph      *const irg   = current_ir_graph;
@@ -1286,19 +1322,36 @@ static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
        }
 }
 
+static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
+{
+       ir_mode *value_mode = get_irn_mode(value);
+
+       if (value_mode == dest_mode || is_Bad(value))
+               return value;
+
+       if (dest_mode == mode_b) {
+               ir_node *zero = new_Const(value_mode, get_mode_null(value_mode));
+               ir_node *cmp  = new_d_Cmp(dbgi, value, zero);
+               ir_node *proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cmp, mode_b, pn_Cmp_Lg);
+               return proj;
+       }
+
+       return new_d_Conv(dbgi, value, dest_mode);
+}
+
 static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 {
        dbg_info      *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&ref->base.source_position);
        declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
        type_t        *type        = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
 
+       /* make sure the type is constructed */
+       (void) get_ir_type(type);
+
        switch((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
-               if (declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY) {
-                       break;
-               }
-               get_ir_type(type);
-               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               break;
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
@@ -1315,21 +1368,21 @@ static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
                ir_node *const addr   = get_global_var_address(dbgi, declaration);
-               ir_type *const irtype = get_entity_type(declaration->v.entity);
-               return deref_address(irtype, addr, dbgi);
+               return deref_address(dbgi, declaration->type, addr);
        }
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *entity = declaration->v.entity;
                ir_node   *frame  = get_local_frame(entity);
                ir_node   *sel    = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
-               ir_type   *irtype = get_entity_type(entity);
-               return deref_address(irtype, sel, dbgi);
+               return deref_address(dbgi, declaration->type, sel);
        }
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
                return declaration->v.vla_base;
 
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
@@ -1344,10 +1397,13 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
 
        switch((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
                break;
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
-               panic("local variable without entity has no address");
+               /* you can store to a local variable (so we don't panic but return NULL
+                * as an indicator for no real address) */
+               return NULL;
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                type_t *const  type = skip_typeref(ref->base.type);
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
@@ -1371,6 +1427,8 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY:
                panic("trying to reference enum entry");
 
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
@@ -1379,6 +1437,9 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        panic("reference to declaration with unknown type found");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transform calls to builtin functions.
+ */
 static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
@@ -1394,7 +1455,7 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
 
        switch(symbol->ID) {
        case T___builtin_alloca: {
-               if(call->arguments == NULL || call->arguments->next != NULL) {
+               if (call->arguments == NULL || call->arguments->next != NULL) {
                        panic("invalid number of parameters on __builtin_alloca");
                }
                expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
@@ -1409,6 +1470,12 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
 
                return res;
        }
+       case T___builtin_huge_val: {
+               ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(function_type->function.return_type);
+               tarval  *tv   = get_mode_infinite(mode);
+               ir_node *res  = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
+               return   res;
+       }
        case T___builtin_nan:
        case T___builtin_nanf:
        case T___builtin_nand: {
@@ -1426,14 +1493,46 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transform a call expression.
+ * Handles some special cases, like alloca() calls, which must be resolved
+ * BEFORE the inlines runs. Inlining routines calling alloca() is dangerous,
+ * 176.gcc for instance might allocate 2GB instead of 256 MB if alloca is not
+ * handled right...
+ */
 static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
 {
+       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
        assert(get_cur_block() != NULL);
 
        expression_t *function = call->function;
-       if(function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
+       if (function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
                return process_builtin_call(call);
        }
+       if (function->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
+               declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
+
+               if ((declaration_kind_t)declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION) {
+                       if (declaration->v.entity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
+                               /* handle alloca() call */
+                               expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
+                               ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);
+
+                               size = create_conv(dbgi, size, get_ir_mode(type_size_t));
+
+                               ir_node *store  = get_store();
+                               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
+                               ir_node *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size, firm_unknown_type,
+                                              stack_alloc);
+                               ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
+                               set_store(proj_m);
+                               ir_node *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
+
+                               return res;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
        ir_node *callee = expression_to_firm(function);
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(function->base.type);
@@ -1443,55 +1542,56 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
        assert(is_type_function(points_to));
        function_type_t *function_type = &points_to->function;
 
-       int              n_parameters = 0;
-       call_argument_t *argument     = call->arguments;
-       for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
-               ++n_parameters;
-       }
-
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
-
+       int      n_parameters = 0;
        ir_type *ir_method_type  = get_ir_type((type_t*) function_type);
        ir_type *new_method_type = NULL;
-       if(function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+       if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+               const call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
+               for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+                       ++n_parameters;
+               }
+
                /* we need to construct a new method type matching the call
                 * arguments... */
                int n_res       = get_method_n_ress(ir_method_type);
                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
-               new_method_type = new_d_type_method(unique_ident("calltype"),
-                                                 n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
+               new_method_type = new_d_type_method(id_unique("calltype.%u"),
+                                                   n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
                set_method_calling_convention(new_method_type,
                               get_method_calling_convention(ir_method_type));
                set_method_additional_properties(new_method_type,
                               get_method_additional_properties(ir_method_type));
+               set_method_variadicity(new_method_type,
+                                      get_method_variadicity(ir_method_type));
 
                for(int i = 0; i < n_res; ++i) {
                        set_method_res_type(new_method_type, i,
                                            get_method_res_type(ir_method_type, i));
                }
+               argument = call->arguments;
+               for(int i = 0; i < n_parameters; ++i, argument = argument->next) {
+                       expression_t *expression = argument->expression;
+                       ir_type      *irtype     = get_ir_type(expression->base.type);
+                       set_method_param_type(new_method_type, i, irtype);
+               }
+               ir_method_type = new_method_type;
+       } else {
+               n_parameters = get_method_n_params(ir_method_type);
        }
+
        ir_node *in[n_parameters];
 
-       argument = call->arguments;
-       int n = 0;
-       for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+       const call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
+       for(int n = 0; n < n_parameters; ++n) {
                expression_t *expression = argument->expression;
                ir_node      *arg_node   = expression_to_firm(expression);
 
                arg_node = do_strict_conv(dbgi, arg_node);
 
                in[n] = arg_node;
-               if(new_method_type != NULL) {
-                       ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(expression->base.type);
-                       set_method_param_type(new_method_type, n, irtype);
-               }
 
-               n++;
+               argument = argument->next;
        }
-       assert(n == n_parameters);
-
-       if(new_method_type != NULL)
-               ir_method_type = new_method_type;
 
        ir_node  *store = get_store();
        ir_node  *node  = new_d_Call(dbgi, store, callee, n_parameters, in,
@@ -1502,9 +1602,9 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
        type_t  *return_type = skip_typeref(function_type->return_type);
        ir_node *result      = NULL;
 
-       if(!is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
+       if (!is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
                ir_mode *mode;
-               if(is_type_scalar(return_type)) {
+               if (is_type_scalar(return_type)) {
                        mode = get_ir_mode(return_type);
                } else {
                        mode = mode_P_data;
@@ -1531,9 +1631,11 @@ static void assign_value(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *addr, type_t *type,
 
        ir_node *memory = get_store();
 
-       if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+       if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                ir_node  *store     = new_d_Store(dbgi, memory, addr, value);
                ir_node  *store_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
+               if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE)
+                       set_Store_volatility(store, volatility_is_volatile);
                set_store(store_mem);
        } else {
                ir_type *irtype    = get_ir_type(type);
@@ -1550,7 +1652,7 @@ static tarval *create_bitfield_mask(ir_mode *mode, int offset, int size)
 
        assert(offset >= 0 && size >= 0);
        assert(offset + size <= mode_size);
-       if(size == mode_size) {
+       if (size == mode_size) {
                return all_one;
        }
 
@@ -1564,22 +1666,18 @@ static tarval *create_bitfield_mask(ir_mode *mode, int offset, int size)
        return mask1;
 }
 
-static void bitfield_store_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression,
-                                   ir_node *value)
+static void bitfield_store_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
+                                   ir_node *addr, ir_node *value)
 {
-       expression_t *select = expression->value;
-       assert(select->kind == EXPR_SELECT);
-       type_t       *type   = select->base.type;
-       assert(type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
-       ir_mode      *mode   = get_ir_mode(type->bitfield.base);
-       ir_node      *addr   = expression_to_addr(select);
+       type_t       *type   = expression->base.type;
+       ir_mode      *mode   = get_ir_mode(type);
 
-       assert(get_irn_mode(value) == mode);
+       assert(get_irn_mode(value) == mode || is_Bad(value));
 
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        /* kill upper bits of value and shift to right position */
-       ir_entity *entity       = select->select.compound_entry->v.entity;
+       ir_entity *entity       = expression->compound_entry->v.entity;
        int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
        ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
        int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
@@ -1606,63 +1704,136 @@ static void bitfield_store_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression,
        ir_node *store     = new_d_Store(dbgi, load_mem, addr, new_val);
        ir_node *store_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
        set_store(store_mem);
+
+       if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
+               set_Load_volatility(load, volatility_is_volatile);
+               set_Store_volatility(store, volatility_is_volatile);
+       }
 }
 
-static void set_value_for_expression(const expression_t *expression,
-                                     ir_node *value)
+static ir_node *bitfield_extract_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
+               ir_node *addr)
+{
+       dbg_info *dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       type_t   *type     = expression->base.type;
+       ir_mode  *mode     = get_ir_mode(type);
+       ir_node  *mem      = get_store();
+       ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode);
+       ir_node  *load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
+       ir_node  *load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
+
+       load_res           = create_conv(dbgi, load_res, mode_int);
+
+       set_store(load_mem);
+
+       /* kill upper bits */
+       ir_entity *entity       = expression->compound_entry->v.entity;
+       int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
+       ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
+       int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
+       long       shift_bitsl  = machine_size - bitoffset - bitsize;
+       assert(shift_bitsl >= 0);
+       tarval    *tvl          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsl, mode_uint);
+       ir_node   *countl       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvl);
+       ir_node   *shiftl       = new_d_Shl(dbgi, load_res, countl, mode_int);
+
+       long       shift_bitsr  = bitoffset + shift_bitsl;
+       assert(shift_bitsr <= (long) machine_size);
+       tarval    *tvr          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsr, mode_uint);
+       ir_node   *countr       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvr);
+       ir_node   *shiftr;
+       if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
+               shiftr = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
+       } else {
+               shiftr = new_d_Shr(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
+       }
+
+       return create_conv(dbgi, shiftr, mode);
+}
+
+static void set_value_for_expression_addr(const expression_t *expression,
+                                          ir_node *value, ir_node *addr)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        value          = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);
 
-       if(expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                const reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;
 
                declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
                assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
-               if(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
+               if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        set_value(declaration->v.value_number, value);
                        return;
                }
        }
 
-       if(expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_BITFIELD_EXTRACT) {
-               bitfield_store_to_firm(&expression->unary, value);
-               return;
+       if (addr == NULL)
+               addr = expression_to_addr(expression);
+
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
+
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT) {
+               const select_expression_t *select = &expression->select;
+
+               declaration_t *declaration = select->compound_entry;
+               if (declaration->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       bitfield_store_to_firm(select, addr, value);
+                       return;
+               }
        }
 
-       ir_node *addr = expression_to_addr(expression);
-       type_t  *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
        assign_value(dbgi, addr, type, value);
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
+static void set_value_for_expression(const expression_t *expression,
+                                     ir_node *value)
 {
-       ir_mode *value_mode = get_irn_mode(value);
+       set_value_for_expression_addr(expression, value, NULL);
+}
 
-       if (value_mode == dest_mode || is_Bad(value))
-               return value;
+static ir_node *get_value_from_lvalue(const expression_t *expression,
+                                      ir_node *addr)
+{
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;
 
-       if(dest_mode == mode_b) {
-               ir_node *zero = new_Const(value_mode, get_mode_null(value_mode));
-               ir_node *cmp  = new_d_Cmp(dbgi, value, zero);
-               ir_node *proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cmp, mode_b, pn_Cmp_Lg);
-               return proj;
+               declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
+               assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
+               if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
+                       assert(addr == NULL);
+                       ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
+                       return get_value(declaration->v.value_number, mode);
+               }
        }
 
-       return new_d_Conv(dbgi, value, dest_mode);
+       assert(addr != NULL);
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+
+       ir_node *value;
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT &&
+           expression->select.compound_entry->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD){
+               value = bitfield_extract_to_firm(&expression->select, addr);
+       } else {
+               value = deref_address(dbgi, expression->base.type, addr);
+       }
+
+       return value;
 }
 
+
 static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       dbg_info     *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t       *type  = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
-       ir_mode      *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-       expression_t *value = expression->value;
+       dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       const expression_t *value_expr = expression->value;
+       ir_node            *addr       = expression_to_addr(value_expr);
+       ir_node            *value      = get_value_from_lvalue(value_expr, addr);
 
-       ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
+       type_t  *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
+       ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
 
        ir_node *offset;
-       if(is_type_pointer(type)) {
+       if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
                pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
                offset                       = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
        } else {
@@ -1670,31 +1841,32 @@ static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                offset = new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
        }
 
+       ir_node *result;
+       ir_node *store_value;
        switch(expression->base.kind) {
-       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return value_node;
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return value_node;
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return new_value;
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return new_value;
-       }
+       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
+               result      = value;
+               store_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               break;
+       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
+               result      = value;
+               store_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               break;
+       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
+               result      = new_d_Add(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               store_value = result;
+               break;
+       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
+               result      = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               store_value = result;
+               break;
        default:
                panic("no incdec expr in create_incdec");
-               return NULL;
        }
+
+       set_value_for_expression_addr(value_expr, store_value, addr);
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 static bool is_local_variable(expression_t *expression)
@@ -1812,56 +1984,12 @@ static ir_node *handle_assume(dbg_info *dbi, const expression_t *expression) {
        }
 }
 
-static ir_node *bitfield_extract_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       expression_t *select = expression->value;
-       assert(select->kind == EXPR_SELECT);
-
-       type_t   *type     = select->base.type;
-       assert(type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
-       ir_mode  *mode     = get_ir_mode(type->bitfield.base);
-       dbg_info *dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *addr     = expression_to_addr(select);
-       ir_node  *mem      = get_store();
-       ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode);
-       ir_node  *load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
-       ir_node  *load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
-
-       load_res           = create_conv(dbgi, load_res, mode_int);
-
-       set_store(load_mem);
-
-       /* kill upper bits */
-       ir_entity *entity       = select->select.compound_entry->v.entity;
-       int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
-       ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
-       int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
-       long       shift_bitsl  = machine_size - bitoffset - bitsize;
-       assert(shift_bitsl >= 0);
-       tarval    *tvl          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsl, mode_uint);
-       ir_node   *countl       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvl);
-       ir_node   *shiftl       = new_d_Shl(dbgi, load_res, countl, mode_int);
-
-       long       shift_bitsr  = bitoffset + shift_bitsl;
-       assert(shift_bitsr <= (long) machine_size);
-       tarval    *tvr          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsr, mode_uint);
-       ir_node   *countr       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvr);
-       ir_node   *shiftr;
-       if(mode_is_signed(mode)) {
-               shiftr = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
-       } else {
-               shiftr = new_d_Shr(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
-       }
-
-       return create_conv(dbgi, shiftr, mode);
-}
-
 static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        type_t   *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
 
-       if(expression->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS)
+       if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS)
                return expression_to_addr(expression->value);
 
        const expression_t *value = expression->value;
@@ -1880,24 +2008,17 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                return new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: {
-               ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
-               ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-               if(get_irn_mode(value_node) != mode_b) {
-                       value_node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
-               }
-               value_node = new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
-               if(mode != mode_b) {
-                       value_node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
-               }
-               return value_node;
+               ir_node *value_node = _expression_to_firm(value);
+               value_node          = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
+               ir_node *res        = new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
+               return res;
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                type_t  *value_type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
-               ir_type *irtype     = get_ir_type(value_type);
-               assert(is_Pointer_type(irtype));
-               ir_type *points_to  = get_pointer_points_to_type(irtype);
-               return deref_address(points_to, value_node, dbgi);
+               assert(is_type_pointer(value_type));
+               type_t  *points_to  = value_type->pointer.points_to;
+               return deref_address(dbgi, points_to, value_node);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
@@ -1906,18 +2027,20 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                return create_incdec(expression);
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
-               if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                        ir_node *node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
                        node = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
                        return node;
                } else {
+                       /* make sure firm type is constructed */
+                       (void) get_ir_type(type);
                        return value_node;
                }
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
-               if(is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                        return create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
                } else {
@@ -1925,12 +2048,10 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                }
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
-               if(firm_opt.confirm)
+               if (firm_opt.confirm)
                        return handle_assume(dbgi, value);
                else
                        return NULL;
-       case EXPR_UNARY_BITFIELD_EXTRACT:
-               return bitfield_extract_to_firm(expression);
 
        default:
                break;
@@ -1938,6 +2059,9 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
        panic("invalid UNEXPR type found");
 }
 
+/**
+ * produces a 0/1 depending of the value of a mode_b node
+ */
 static ir_node *produce_condition_result(const expression_t *expression,
                                          dbg_info *dbgi)
 {
@@ -1968,252 +2092,186 @@ static ir_node *produce_condition_result(const expression_t *expression,
        return val;
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *type = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-
-       if(is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
-               long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
-               expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
-               if((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val != 0)
-                               || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val == 0)) {
-                       return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-               } else {
-                       assert((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val == 0)
-                                       || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val != 0));
-                       return new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
-               }
-       }
-
-       return produce_condition_result((const expression_t*) expression, dbgi);
-}
-
-typedef ir_node * (*create_arithmetic_func)(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *left,
-                                            ir_node *right, ir_mode *mode);
-
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_binop(const binary_expression_t *expression,
-                                        create_arithmetic_func func)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       type_t   *type  = expression->right->base.type;
-       /* be careful with the modes, because in arithmetic assign nodes only
-        * the right operand has the mode of the arithmetic already */
-       ir_mode  *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-       left            = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
-       ir_node  *res   = func(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-
-       return res;
-}
-
-static ir_node *pointer_arithmetic(ir_node  *const pointer,
-                                   ir_node  *      integer,
-                                   type_t   *const type,
-                                   dbg_info *const dbgi,
-                                   const create_arithmetic_func func)
+static ir_node *adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbg_info *dbgi,
+               ir_node *value, type_t *type)
 {
        pointer_type_t *const pointer_type = &type->pointer;
-       type_t         *const points_to    = pointer_type->points_to;
-       const unsigned        elem_size    = get_type_size_const(points_to);
-
-       assert(elem_size >= 1);
-       if (elem_size > 1) {
-               integer             = create_conv(dbgi, integer, mode_int);
-               ir_node *const cnst = new_Const_long(mode_int, (long)elem_size);
-               ir_node *const mul  = new_d_Mul(dbgi, integer, cnst, mode_int);
-               integer = mul;
-       }
+       type_t         *const points_to    = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
+       unsigned              elem_size    = get_type_size_const(points_to);
 
-       ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-       return func(dbgi, pointer, integer, mode);
-}
-
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_assign_binop(
-               const binary_expression_t *expression, create_arithmetic_func func)
-{
-       dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
-       ir_node  *value;
-
-       if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
-               ir_node *const pointer = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-               ir_node *      integer = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-               value = pointer_arithmetic(pointer, integer, type, dbgi, func);
-       } else {
-               value = create_arithmetic_binop(expression, func);
+       /* gcc extension */
+       if (elem_size == 0 && is_type_atomic(points_to, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
+               elem_size = 1;
        }
 
-       ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-       set_value_for_expression(expression->left, value);
-
-       return value;
-}
-
-static ir_node *create_add(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       type_t   *type  = expression->base.type;
-
-       expression_t *expr_left  = expression->left;
-       expression_t *expr_right = expression->right;
-       type_t       *type_left  = skip_typeref(expr_left->base.type);
-       type_t       *type_right = skip_typeref(expr_right->base.type);
-
-       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
-               ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-               return new_d_Add(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-       }
+       assert(elem_size >= 1);
+       if (elem_size == 1)
+               return value;
 
-       if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
-               return pointer_arithmetic(left, right, type, dbgi, new_d_Add);
-       } else {
-               assert(is_type_pointer(type_right));
-               return pointer_arithmetic(right, left, type, dbgi, new_d_Add);
-       }
+       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode_int);
+       ir_node *const cnst = new_Const_long(mode_int, (long)elem_size);
+       ir_node *const mul  = new_d_Mul(dbgi, value, cnst, mode_int);
+       return mul;
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_sub(const binary_expression_t *expression)
+static ir_node *create_op(dbg_info *dbgi, const binary_expression_t *expression,
+                          ir_node *left, ir_node *right)
 {
-       dbg_info *const dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       expression_t *const expr_left  = expression->left;
-       expression_t *const expr_right = expression->right;
-       ir_node      *const left       = expression_to_firm(expr_left);
-       ir_node      *const right      = expression_to_firm(expr_right);
-       type_t       *const type       = expression->base.type;
-       type_t       *const type_left  = skip_typeref(expr_left->base.type);
-       type_t       *const type_right = skip_typeref(expr_right->base.type);
-
-       if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
-               ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-               return new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-       } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
-               const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;
+       ir_mode  *mode;
+       type_t   *type_left  = skip_typeref(expression->left->base.type);
+       type_t   *type_right = skip_typeref(expression->right->base.type);
 
-               ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
-               ir_mode *const mode      = get_ir_mode(type);
-               ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
-               ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-               ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
-               ir_node *const div       = new_d_DivRL(dbgi, no_mem, sub, conv_size, mode,
-                                                      op_pin_state_floats);
-               return new_d_Proj(dbgi, div, mode, pn_Div_res);
-       }
-
-       assert(is_type_pointer(type_left));
-       return pointer_arithmetic(left, right, type_left, dbgi, new_d_Sub);
-}
-
-static ir_node *create_shift(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       type_t   *type  = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
+       expression_kind_t kind = expression->base.kind;
 
-       /* firm always wants the shift count to be unsigned */
-       right = create_conv(dbgi, right, mode_uint);
+       switch (kind) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
+               mode  = get_irn_mode(left);
+               right = create_conv(dbgi, right, mode_uint);
+               break;
 
-       ir_node *res;
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
+               if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+                       const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;
+
+                       mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
+                       ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
+                       ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
+                       ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+                       ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
+                       ir_node *const div       = new_d_DivRL(dbgi, no_mem, sub, conv_size,
+                                                                                                  mode, op_pin_state_floats);
+                       return new_d_Proj(dbgi, div, mode, pn_Div_res);
+               }
+               /* fallthrough */
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
+               if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       right = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, right, type_left);
+                       mode  = get_ir_mode(type_left);
+                       break;
+               }
+               goto normal_node;
 
-       switch(expression->base.kind) {
-       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
-               res = new_d_Shl(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-               break;
-       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT: {
-                expression_t *expr_left = expression->left;
-                type_t       *type_left = skip_typeref(expr_left->base.type);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
+               if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       right = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, right, type_left);
+                       mode  = get_ir_mode(type_left);
+                       break;
+               } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+                       left  = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, left, type_right);
+                       mode  = get_ir_mode(type_right);
+                       break;
+               }
+               goto normal_node;
 
-                if(is_type_signed(type_left)) {
-                       res = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-                } else {
-                        res = new_d_Shr(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-                }
-                break;
-       }
        default:
-               panic("create shift op called for non-shift op");
+normal_node:
+               mode = get_irn_mode(right);
+               left = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
+               break;
        }
 
-       return res;
-}
-
-
-static ir_node *create_divmod(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       ir_node  *pin   = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
-       /* be careful with the modes, because in arithmetic assign nodes only
-        * the right operand has the mode of the arithmetic already */
-       type_t   *type  = expression->right->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-       left            = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
-       ir_node  *op;
-       ir_node  *res;
-
-       switch (expression->base.kind) {
+       switch (kind) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
+               return new_d_Add(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
+               return new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
+               return new_d_Mul(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_And(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_Or(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_Eor(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_Shl(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
+               if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
+                       return new_d_Shrs(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+               } else {
+                       return new_d_Shr(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+               }
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
-               if(mode_is_float(mode)) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: {
+               ir_node *pin = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
+               ir_node *op;
+               ir_node *res;
+               if (mode_is_float(mode)) {
                        op  = new_d_Quot(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Quot_res);
                } else {
                        op  = new_d_Div(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Div_res);
                }
-               break;
-
+               return res;
+       }
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: {
+               ir_node *pin = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
                assert(!mode_is_float(mode));
-               op  = new_d_Mod(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
-               res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Mod_res);
-               break;
-
-       default: panic("unexpected binary expression type in create_divmod()");
+               ir_node *op  = new_d_Mod(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode,
+                                        op_pin_state_floats);
+               ir_node *res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Mod_res);
+               return res;
+       }
+       default:
+               panic("unexpected expression kind");
        }
-
-       return res;
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_assign_divmod(
-               const binary_expression_t *expression)
+static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_node  *      value = create_divmod(expression);
-       dbg_info *const dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *const type  = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *const mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-
-       assert(type->kind != TYPE_POINTER);
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       type_t   *type = expression->base.type;
+       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
 
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-       set_value_for_expression(expression->left, value);
+       if (is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
+               long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
+               expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
+               if ((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val != 0)
+                               || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val == 0)) {
+                       return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+               } else {
+                       assert((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val == 0)
+                                       || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val != 0));
+                       return new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
+               }
+       }
 
-       return value;
+       return produce_condition_result((const expression_t*) expression, dbgi);
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_assign_shift(
-               const binary_expression_t *expression)
+typedef ir_node * (*create_arithmetic_func)(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *left,
+                                            ir_node *right, ir_mode *mode);
+
+static ir_node *create_assign_binop(const binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_node  *      value = create_shift(expression);
-       dbg_info *const dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *const type  = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *const mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
+       dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       const expression_t *left_expr = expression->left;
+       ir_mode            *left_mode = get_ir_mode(left_expr->base.type);
+       ir_node            *left_addr = expression_to_addr(left_expr);
+       ir_node            *left      = get_value_from_lvalue(left_expr, left_addr);
+       ir_node            *right     = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+       ir_node            *result    = create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);
 
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-       set_value_for_expression(expression->left, value);
+       result = create_conv(dbgi, result, left_mode);
+       result = do_strict_conv(dbgi, result);
 
-       return value;
+       set_value_for_expression_addr(left_expr, result, left_addr);
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 static ir_node *binary_expression_to_firm(const binary_expression_t *expression)
@@ -2242,55 +2300,49 @@ static ir_node *binary_expression_to_firm(const binary_expression_t *expression)
                return proj;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN: {
+               ir_node *addr  = expression_to_addr(expression->left);
                ir_node *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-               set_value_for_expression(expression->left, right);
+               set_value_for_expression_addr(expression->left, right, addr);
 
                return right;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
-               return create_add(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
-               return create_sub(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_Mul);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_And);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_Or);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_Eor);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
-               return create_shift(expression);
-       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
-               return create_divmod(expression);
+       {
+               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+               ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
+               ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+               return create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);
+       }
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
                return create_lazy_op(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
-               expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-               return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+               /* create side effects of left side */
+               (void) expression_to_firm(expression->left);
+               return _expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Add);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Sub);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Mul);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_divmod(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_And);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Or);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Eor);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_shift(expression);
+               return create_assign_binop(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
-               return expression_to_firm(expression->left);
+               return _expression_to_firm(expression->left);
        default:
                panic("TODO binexpr type");
        }
@@ -2301,15 +2353,24 @@ static ir_node *array_access_addr(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
        dbg_info *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *base_addr = expression_to_firm(expression->array_ref);
        ir_node  *offset    = expression_to_firm(expression->index);
-       offset              = create_conv(dbgi, offset, mode_uint);
+
+       type_t  *offset_type = skip_typeref(expression->index->base.type);
+       ir_mode *mode;
+       if (is_type_signed(offset_type)) {
+               mode = get_ir_mode(type_ssize_t);
+       } else {
+               mode = get_ir_mode(type_size_t);
+       }
+       offset = create_conv(dbgi, offset, mode);
 
        type_t *ref_type = skip_typeref(expression->array_ref->base.type);
        assert(is_type_pointer(ref_type));
        pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &ref_type->pointer;
 
        ir_node *elem_size_const = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
+       elem_size_const          = create_conv(dbgi, elem_size_const, mode);
        ir_node *real_offset     = new_d_Mul(dbgi, offset, elem_size_const,
-                                            mode_uint);
+                                            mode);
        ir_node *result          = new_d_Add(dbgi, base_addr, real_offset, mode_P_data);
 
        return result;
@@ -2323,9 +2384,8 @@ static ir_node *array_access_to_firm(
        type_t   *type   = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
                        (const expression_t*) expression);
        type             = skip_typeref(type);
-       ir_type  *irtype = get_ir_type(type);
 
-       return deref_address(irtype, addr, dbgi);
+       return deref_address(dbgi, type, addr);
 }
 
 static long get_offsetof_offset(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
@@ -2339,14 +2399,14 @@ static long get_offsetof_offset(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
                /* be sure the type is constructed */
                (void) get_ir_type(type);
 
-               if(designator->symbol != NULL) {
+               if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
                        assert(is_type_compound(type));
                        symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;
 
                        declaration_t *declaration = type->compound.declaration;
                        declaration_t *iter        = declaration->scope.declarations;
                        for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
-                               if(iter->symbol == symbol) {
+                               if (iter->symbol == symbol) {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
@@ -2397,7 +2457,7 @@ static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
        /* create an entity on the stack */
        ir_type *frame_type = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
 
-       ident     *const id     = unique_ident("CompLit");
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique("CompLit.%u");
        ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(frame_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
@@ -2421,14 +2481,14 @@ static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
 static ir_node *sizeof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 {
        type_t *type = expression->type;
-       if(type == NULL) {
+       if (type == NULL) {
                type = expression->tp_expression->base.type;
                assert(type != NULL);
        }
 
        type = skip_typeref(type);
        /* Â§ 6.5.3.4 (2) if the type is a VLA, evaluate the expression. */
-       if(is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla
+       if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla
                        && expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
                expression_to_firm(expression->tp_expression);
        }
@@ -2442,7 +2502,7 @@ static ir_node *sizeof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 static ir_node *alignof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 {
        type_t *type = expression->type;
-       if(type == NULL) {
+       if (type == NULL) {
                /* beware: if expression is a variable reference, return the
                   alignment of the variable. */
                const expression_t *tp_expression = expression->tp_expression;
@@ -2463,27 +2523,32 @@ static ir_node *alignof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 static void init_ir_types(void);
 long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
 {
+       bool constant_folding_old = constant_folding;
+       constant_folding = true;
+
        init_ir_types();
 
        assert(is_constant_expression(expression));
 
        ir_graph *old_current_ir_graph = current_ir_graph;
-       if(current_ir_graph == NULL) {
+       if (current_ir_graph == NULL) {
                current_ir_graph = get_const_code_irg();
        }
 
        ir_node *cnst = expression_to_firm(expression);
        current_ir_graph = old_current_ir_graph;
 
-       if(!is_Const(cnst)) {
+       if (!is_Const(cnst)) {
                panic("couldn't fold constant\n");
        }
 
        tarval *tv = get_Const_tarval(cnst);
-       if(!tarval_is_long(tv)) {
+       if (!tarval_is_long(tv)) {
                panic("result of constant folding is not integer\n");
        }
 
+       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
+
        return get_tarval_long(tv);
 }
 
@@ -2492,9 +2557,9 @@ static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        /* first try to fold a constant condition */
-       if(is_constant_expression(expression->condition)) {
+       if (is_constant_expression(expression->condition)) {
                long val = fold_constant(expression->condition);
-               if(val) {
+               if (val) {
                        return expression_to_firm(expression->true_expression);
                } else {
                        return expression_to_firm(expression->false_expression);
@@ -2539,12 +2604,22 @@ static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
        return val;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns an IR-node representing the address of a field.
+ */
 static ir_node *select_addr(const select_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        ir_node *compound_addr = expression_to_firm(expression->compound);
 
+       /* make sure the type is constructed */
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type);
+       if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
+               type = type->pointer.points_to;
+       }
+       (void) get_ir_type(type);
+
        declaration_t *entry = expression->compound_entry;
        assert(entry->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
        ir_entity     *entity = entry->v.entity;
@@ -2558,14 +2633,20 @@ static ir_node *select_addr(const select_expression_t *expression)
 
 static ir_node *select_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       dbg_info *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *addr   = select_addr(expression);
-       type_t   *type   = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       ir_node  *addr = select_addr(expression);
+       type_t   *type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
                        (const expression_t*) expression);
-       type             = skip_typeref(type);
-       ir_type  *irtype = get_ir_type(type);
+       type           = skip_typeref(type);
 
-       return deref_address(irtype, addr, dbgi);
+       declaration_t *entry      = expression->compound_entry;
+       type_t        *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
+
+       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+               return bitfield_extract_to_firm(expression, addr);
+       }
+
+       return deref_address(dbgi, type, addr);
 }
 
 /* Values returned by __builtin_classify_type. */
@@ -2595,7 +2676,7 @@ typedef enum gcc_type_class
 
 static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 {
-       const type_t *const type = expr->type_expression->base.type;
+       const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->type_expression->base.type);
 
        gcc_type_class tc;
        switch (type->kind)
@@ -2606,12 +2687,12 @@ static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const ex
                                /* should not be reached */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID:
                                        tc = no_type_class;
-                                       break;
+                                       goto make_const;
 
                                /* gcc cannot do that */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID:
                                        tc = void_type_class;
-                                       break;
+                                       goto make_const;
 
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR:      /* gcc handles this as integer */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR:     /* gcc handles this as integer */
@@ -2626,46 +2707,40 @@ static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const ex
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL:      /* gcc handles this as integer */
                                        tc = integer_type_class;
-                                       break;
+                                       goto make_const;
 
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE:
                                        tc = real_type_class;
-                                       break;
-
-#ifdef PROVIDE_COMPLEX
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_COMPLEX:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE_COMPLEX:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX:
-                                       tc = complex_type_class;
-                                       break;
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_IMAGINARY:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE_IMAGINARY:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_IMAGINARY:
-                                       tc = complex_type_class;
-                                       break;
-#endif
-
-                               default:
-                                       panic("Unimplemented case in classify_type_to_firm().");
+                                       goto make_const;
                        }
-                       break;
+                       panic("Unexpected atomic type in classify_type_to_firm().");
                }
 
+               case TYPE_COMPLEX:         tc = complex_type_class; goto make_const;
+               case TYPE_IMAGINARY:       tc = complex_type_class; goto make_const;
+               case TYPE_BITFIELD:        tc = integer_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_ARRAY:           /* gcc handles this as pointer */
                case TYPE_FUNCTION:        /* gcc handles this as pointer */
-               case TYPE_POINTER:         tc = pointer_type_class; break;
-               case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT: tc = record_type_class;  break;
-               case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:  tc = union_type_class;   break;
+               case TYPE_POINTER:         tc = pointer_type_class; goto make_const;
+               case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT: tc = record_type_class;  goto make_const;
+               case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:  tc = union_type_class;   goto make_const;
 
                /* gcc handles this as integer */
-               case TYPE_ENUM:            tc = integer_type_class; break;
-
-               default:
-                       panic("Unimplemented case in classify_type_to_firm().");
+               case TYPE_ENUM:            tc = integer_type_class; goto make_const;
+
+               case TYPE_BUILTIN:
+               /* typedef/typeof should be skipped already */
+               case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
+               case TYPE_TYPEOF:
+               case TYPE_INVALID:
+               case TYPE_ERROR:
+                       break;
        }
+       panic("unexpected TYPE classify_type_to_firm().");
 
+make_const: ;
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_mode  *const mode = mode_int;
        tarval   *const tv   = new_tarval_from_long(tc, mode);
@@ -2673,16 +2748,30 @@ static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const ex
 }
 
 static ir_node *function_name_to_firm(
-               const string_literal_expression_t *const expr)
-{
-       if (current_function_name == NULL) {
-               const source_position_t *const src_pos = &expr->base.source_position;
-               const char *const name = current_function_decl->symbol->string;
-               const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
-               current_function_name = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__func__", &string);
+               const funcname_expression_t *const expr)
+{
+       switch(expr->kind) {
+       case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:
+       case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION:
+       case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:
+               if (current_function_name == NULL) {
+                       const source_position_t *const src_pos = &expr->base.source_position;
+                       const char *const name = current_function_decl->symbol->string;
+                       const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
+                       current_function_name = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__func__.%u", &string);
+               }
+               return current_function_name;
+       case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:
+               if (current_funcsig == NULL) {
+                       const source_position_t *const src_pos = &expr->base.source_position;
+                       ir_entity *ent = get_irg_entity(current_ir_graph);
+                       const char *const name = get_entity_ld_name(ent);
+                       const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
+                       current_funcsig = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__FUNCSIG__.%u", &string);
+               }
+               return current_funcsig;
        }
-
-       return current_function_name;
+       panic("Unsupported function name");
 }
 
 static ir_node *statement_expression_to_firm(const statement_expression_t *expr)
@@ -2714,14 +2803,17 @@ static ir_node *va_start_expression_to_firm(
 
 static ir_node *va_arg_expression_to_firm(const va_arg_expression_t *const expr)
 {
-       ir_type  *const irtype = get_ir_type(expr->base.type);
-       ir_node  *const ap     = expression_to_firm(expr->ap);
-       dbg_info *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *const res    = deref_address(irtype, ap, dbgi);
+       type_t       *const type    = expr->base.type;
+       expression_t *const ap_expr = expr->ap;
+       ir_node      *const ap_addr = expression_to_addr(ap_expr);
+       ir_node      *const ap      = get_value_from_lvalue(ap_expr, ap_addr);
+       dbg_info     *const dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
+       ir_node      *const res     = deref_address(dbgi, type, ap);
 
-       ir_node  *const cnst      = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
-       ir_node  *const add       = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, cnst, mode_P_data);
-       set_value_for_expression(expr->ap, add);
+       ir_node      *const cnst    = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
+       ir_node      *const add     = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, cnst, mode_P_data);
+
+       set_value_for_expression_addr(ap_expr, add, ap_addr);
 
        return res;
 }
@@ -2732,6 +2824,9 @@ static ir_node *dereference_addr(const unary_expression_t *const expression)
        return expression_to_firm(expression->value);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns a IR-node representing an lvalue of the given expression.
+ */
 static ir_node *expression_to_addr(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        switch(expression->kind) {
@@ -2775,8 +2870,20 @@ static ir_node *builtin_prefetch_to_firm(
        return NULL;
 }
 
+/**
+ * creates firm nodes for an expression. The difference between this function
+ * and expression_to_firm is, that this version might produce mode_b nodes
+ * instead of mode_Is.
+ */
 static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
 {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+       if (!constant_folding) {
+               assert(!expression->base.transformed);
+               ((expression_t*) expression)->base.transformed = true;
+       }
+#endif
+
        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
                return character_constant_to_firm(&expression->conste);
@@ -2808,9 +2915,8 @@ static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
                return select_to_firm(&expression->select);
        case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
                return classify_type_to_firm(&expression->classify_type);
-       case EXPR_FUNCTION:
-       case EXPR_PRETTY_FUNCTION:
-               return function_name_to_firm(&expression->string);
+       case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
+               return function_name_to_firm(&expression->funcname);
        case EXPR_STATEMENT:
                return statement_expression_to_firm(&expression->statement);
        case EXPR_VA_START:
@@ -2835,26 +2941,56 @@ static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
        panic("invalid expression found");
 }
 
+static bool produces_mode_b(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       switch (expression->kind) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
+       case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
+               return true;
+
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
+               return produces_mode_b(expression->binary.left);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
+               return produces_mode_b(expression->binary.right);
+
+       default:
+               return false;
+       }
+}
+
 static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_node *res = _expression_to_firm(expression);
+       if (!produces_mode_b(expression)) {
+               ir_node *res = _expression_to_firm(expression);
+               assert(res == NULL || get_irn_mode(res) != mode_b);
+               return res;
+       }
 
-       if(res != NULL && get_irn_mode(res) == mode_b) {
+       if (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
+               ir_node *res  = _expression_to_firm(expression);
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
-               if(is_Const(res)) {
-                       if(is_Const_null(res)) {
-                               return new_Const_long(mode, 0);
-                       } else {
-                               assert(is_Const_one(res));
-                               return new_Const_long(mode, 1);
-                       }
+               assert(is_Const(res));
+               if (is_Const_null(res)) {
+                       return new_Const_long(mode, 0);
+               } else {
+                       return new_Const_long(mode, 1);
                }
-
-               dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-               return produce_condition_result(expression, dbgi);
        }
 
-       return res;
+       /* we have to produce a 0/1 from the mode_b expression */
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       return produce_condition_result(expression, dbgi);
 }
 
 static ir_node *expression_to_modeb(const expression_t *expression)
@@ -2919,11 +3055,11 @@ static void create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
        ir_node  *false_proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cond, mode_X, pn_Cond_false);
 
        /* set branch prediction info based on __builtin_expect */
-       if(expression->kind == EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT) {
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT) {
                long               cnst = fold_constant(expression->binary.right);
                cond_jmp_predicate pred;
 
-               if(cnst == 0) {
+               if (cnst == 0) {
                        pred = COND_JMP_PRED_FALSE;
                } else {
                        pred = COND_JMP_PRED_TRUE;
@@ -2932,7 +3068,9 @@ static void create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
        }
 
        add_immBlock_pred(true_block, true_proj);
-       add_immBlock_pred(false_block, false_proj);
+       if (false_block != NULL) {
+               add_immBlock_pred(false_block, false_proj);
+       }
 
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 }
@@ -2943,20 +3081,29 @@ static void create_declaration_entity(declaration_t *declaration,
                                       declaration_kind_t declaration_kind,
                                       ir_type *parent_type)
 {
+       type_t    *const type   = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
+       if (is_type_function(type)) {
+               (void) get_function_entity(declaration);
+               return;
+       }
+
        ident     *const id     = new_id_from_str(declaration->symbol->string);
-       ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(declaration->type);
+       ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
 
        declaration->declaration_kind = (unsigned char) declaration_kind;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
-       if(parent_type == get_tls_type())
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
+       if (parent_type == get_tls_type())
                set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_automatic);
-       else if(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE)
+       else if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE)
                set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
-       /* TODO: visibility? */
+
+       if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
+               set_entity_volatility(entity, volatility_is_volatile);
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -2983,10 +3130,10 @@ static __attribute__((unused)) void debug_print_type_path(const type_path_t *pat
                const type_path_entry_t *entry = & path->path[i];
 
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
-               if(is_type_compound(type)) {
+               if (is_type_compound(type)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, ".%s", entry->compound_entry->symbol->string);
-               } else if(is_type_array(type)) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, "[%u]", entry->index);
+               } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "[%zd]", entry->index);
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, "-INVALID-");
                }
@@ -3033,7 +3180,7 @@ static ir_initializer_t *get_initializer_entry(type_path_t *path)
 
        assert(is_type_compound(top_type) || is_type_array(top_type));
 
-       if(ARR_LEN(path->path) == 0) {
+       if (ARR_LEN(path->path) == 0) {
                return NULL;
        } else {
                type_path_entry_t *top         = get_type_path_top(path);
@@ -3056,14 +3203,14 @@ static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
 
        size_t len;
 
-       if(is_type_compound(top_type)) {
+       if (is_type_compound(top_type)) {
                declaration_t *declaration = top_type->compound.declaration;
                declaration_t *entry       = declaration->scope.declarations;
 
                top->compound_entry = entry;
                top->index          = 0;
                len                 = get_compound_size(&top_type->compound);
-               if(entry != NULL)
+               if (entry != NULL)
                        path->top_type = entry->type;
        } else {
                assert(is_type_array(top_type));
@@ -3073,13 +3220,13 @@ static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
                path->top_type = top_type->array.element_type;
                len            = top_type->array.size;
        }
-       if(initializer == NULL
+       if (initializer == NULL
                        || get_initializer_kind(initializer) == IR_INITIALIZER_NULL) {
                initializer = create_initializer_compound(len);
                /* we have to set the entry at the 2nd latest path entry... */
                size_t path_len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
                assert(path_len >= 1);
-               if(path_len > 1) {
+               if (path_len > 1) {
                        type_path_entry_t *entry        = & path->path[path_len-2];
                        ir_initializer_t  *tinitializer = entry->initializer;
                        set_initializer_compound_value(tinitializer, entry->index,
@@ -3109,7 +3256,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                type_t            *orig_type   = top->type;
                type_t            *type        = skip_typeref(orig_type);
 
-               if(designator->symbol != NULL) {
+               if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
                        assert(is_type_compound(type));
                        size_t    index  = 0;
                        symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;
@@ -3117,7 +3264,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                        declaration_t *declaration = type->compound.declaration;
                        declaration_t *iter        = declaration->scope.declarations;
                        for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next, ++index) {
-                               if(iter->symbol == symbol) {
+                               if (iter->symbol == symbol) {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
@@ -3136,7 +3283,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                        long index = fold_constant(array_index);
                        assert(index >= 0);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-                       if(type->array.size_constant == 1) {
+                       if (type->array.size_constant == 1) {
                                long array_size = type->array.size;
                                assert(index < array_size);
                        }
@@ -3148,7 +3295,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                }
                path->top_type = orig_type;
 
-               if(designator->next != NULL) {
+               if (designator->next != NULL) {
                        descend_into_subtype(path);
                }
        }
@@ -3158,7 +3305,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
 
 static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path)
 {
-       if(path->invalid) {
+       if (path->invalid) {
                /* TODO: handle this... */
                panic("invalid initializer in ast2firm (excessive elements)");
                return;
@@ -3167,15 +3314,15 @@ static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path)
        type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
-       if(is_type_union(type)) {
+       if (is_type_union(type)) {
                top->compound_entry = NULL;
-       } else if(is_type_struct(type)) {
+       } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
                declaration_t *entry = top->compound_entry;
 
                top->index++;
                entry               = entry->next;
                top->compound_entry = entry;
-               if(entry != NULL) {
+               if (entry != NULL) {
                        path->top_type = entry->type;
                        return;
                }
@@ -3183,7 +3330,7 @@ static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path)
                assert(is_type_array(type));
 
                top->index++;
-               if(!type->array.size_constant || top->index < type->array.size) {
+               if (!type->array.size_constant || top->index < type->array.size) {
                        return;
                }
        }
@@ -3192,7 +3339,7 @@ static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path)
         * can ascend in the type hierarchy and continue with another subobject */
        size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
 
-       if(len > 1) {
+       if (len > 1) {
                ascend_from_subtype(path);
                advance_current_object(path);
        } else {
@@ -3207,6 +3354,9 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
 static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_value(
                const initializer_value_t *initializer)
 {
+       if (is_type_compound(initializer->value->base.type)) {
+               panic("initializer creation for compounds not implemented yet");
+       }
        ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer->value);
        return create_initializer_const(value);
 }
@@ -3224,19 +3374,19 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_list(
        for(size_t i = 0; i < initializer->len; ++i) {
                const initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->initializers[i];
 
-               if(sub_initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR) {
+               if (sub_initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR) {
                        walk_designator(&path, sub_initializer->designator.designator);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if(sub_initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
+               if (sub_initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                        /* we might have to descend into types until we're at a scalar
                         * type */
                        while(true) {
                                type_t *orig_top_type = path.top_type;
                                type_t *top_type      = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);
 
-                               if(is_type_scalar(top_type))
+                               if (is_type_scalar(top_type))
                                        break;
                                descend_into_subtype(&path);
                        }
@@ -3265,20 +3415,22 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_list(
 static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_string(
                const initializer_string_t *initializer, type_t *type)
 {
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+
        size_t            string_len    = initializer->string.size;
        assert(type->kind == TYPE_ARRAY && type->array.size_constant);
        size_t            len           = type->array.size;
        ir_initializer_t *irinitializer = create_initializer_compound(len);
 
        const char *string = initializer->string.begin;
-       ir_mode    *mode   = get_type_mode(ir_type_const_char);
+       ir_mode    *mode   = get_ir_mode(type->array.element_type);
 
        for(size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                char c = 0;
-               if(i < string_len)
+               if (i < string_len)
                        c = string[i];
 
-               tarval           *tv = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+               tarval           *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
 
                set_initializer_compound_value(irinitializer, i, char_initializer);
@@ -3300,10 +3452,10 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_wide_string(
 
        for(size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                wchar_rep_t c = 0;
-               if(i < string_len) {
+               if (i < string_len) {
                        c = string[i];
                }
-               tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+               tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
 
                set_initializer_compound_value(irinitializer, i, char_initializer);
@@ -3335,14 +3487,10 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
        panic("unknown initializer");
 }
 
-static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
-               ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *base_addr)
+static void create_dynamic_null_initializer(ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi,
+               ir_node *base_addr)
 {
-       switch(get_initializer_kind(initializer)) {
-       case IR_INITIALIZER_NULL: {
-               /* TODO: implement this for compound types... */
-               assert(type != NULL);
-
+       if (is_atomic_type(type)) {
                ir_mode *mode = get_type_mode(type);
                tarval  *zero = get_mode_null(mode);
                ir_node *cnst = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, zero);
@@ -3352,6 +3500,45 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
+       } else {
+               assert(is_compound_type(type));
+
+               int n_members;
+               if (is_Array_type(type)) {
+                       assert(has_array_upper_bound(type, 0));
+                       n_members = get_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0);
+               } else {
+                       n_members = get_compound_n_members(type);
+               }
+
+               for(int i = 0; i < n_members; ++i) {
+                       ir_node *addr;
+                       ir_type *irtype;
+                       if (is_Array_type(type)) {
+                               ir_entity *entity   = get_array_element_entity(type);
+                               tarval    *index_tv = new_tarval_from_long(i, mode_uint);
+                               ir_node   *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, index_tv);
+                               ir_node   *in[1]    = { cnst };
+                               irtype = get_array_element_type(type);
+                               addr   = new_d_Sel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, 1, in, entity);
+                       } else {
+                               ir_entity *member = get_compound_member(type, i);
+
+                               irtype = get_entity_type(member);
+                               addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, member);
+                       }
+
+                       create_dynamic_null_initializer(irtype, dbgi, addr);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
+               ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *base_addr)
+{
+       switch(get_initializer_kind(initializer)) {
+       case IR_INITIALIZER_NULL: {
+               create_dynamic_null_initializer(type, dbgi, base_addr);
                return;
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_CONST: {
@@ -3382,21 +3569,21 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
        case IR_INITIALIZER_COMPOUND: {
                assert(is_compound_type(type));
                int n_members;
-               if(is_Array_type(type)) {
+               if (is_Array_type(type)) {
                        assert(has_array_upper_bound(type, 0));
                        n_members = get_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0);
                } else {
                        n_members = get_compound_n_members(type);
                }
 
-               if(get_initializer_compound_n_entries(initializer)
+               if (get_initializer_compound_n_entries(initializer)
                                != (unsigned) n_members)
                        panic("initializer doesn't match compound type");
 
                for(int i = 0; i < n_members; ++i) {
                        ir_node *addr;
                        ir_type *irtype;
-                       if(is_Array_type(type)) {
+                       if (is_Array_type(type)) {
                                ir_entity *entity   = get_array_element_entity(type);
                                tarval    *index_tv = new_tarval_from_long(i, mode_uint);
                                ir_node   *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, index_tv);
@@ -3440,7 +3627,7 @@ static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
        ir_node *frame  = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
        ir_node *addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, nomem, frame, entity);
 
-       if(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
+       if (initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                initializer_value_t *initializer_value = &initializer->value;
 
                ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer_value->value);
@@ -3449,7 +3636,7 @@ static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
                return;
        }
 
-       if(!is_constant_initializer(initializer)) {
+       if (!is_constant_initializer(initializer)) {
                ir_initializer_t *irinitializer
                        = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);
 
@@ -3467,7 +3654,7 @@ static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
        current_ir_graph = old_current_ir_graph;
 
        /* create a "template" entity which is copied to the entity on the stack */
-       ident     *const id          = unique_ident("initializer");
+       ident     *const id          = id_unique("initializer.%u");
        ir_type   *const irtype      = get_ir_type(type);
        ir_type   *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_entity *const init_entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
@@ -3498,29 +3685,38 @@ static void create_initializer_local_variable_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
 static void create_declaration_initializer(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
        initializer_t *initializer = declaration->init.initializer;
-       if(initializer == NULL)
+       if (initializer == NULL)
                return;
 
        declaration_kind_t declaration_kind
                = (declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind;
-       if(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY) {
+       if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY) {
                create_initializer_local_variable_entity(declaration);
                return;
        }
 
-       if(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
+
+       if (initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                initializer_value_t *initializer_value = &initializer->value;
+               dbg_info            *dbgi
+                       = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
 
                ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer_value->value);
+               value = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);
 
-               if(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
+               if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        set_value(declaration->v.value_number, value);
                } else {
                        assert(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE);
 
                        ir_entity *entity = declaration->v.entity;
 
-                       set_entity_variability(entity, variability_initialized);
+                       if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
+                               set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
+                       } else {
+                               set_entity_variability(entity, variability_initialized);
+                       }
                        set_atomic_ent_value(entity, value);
                }
        } else {
@@ -3529,37 +3725,52 @@ static void create_declaration_initializer(declaration_t *declaration)
 
                ir_entity        *entity        = declaration->v.entity;
                ir_initializer_t *irinitializer
-                       = create_ir_initializer(initializer, declaration->type);
+                       = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);
 
-               set_entity_variability(entity, variability_initialized);
+               if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
+                       set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
+               } else {
+                       set_entity_variability(entity, variability_initialized);
+               }
                set_entity_initializer(entity, irinitializer);
        }
 }
 
 static void create_variable_length_array(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
+       /* initializers are not allowed for VLAs */
+       assert(declaration->init.initializer == NULL);
+
+       declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY;
+       declaration->v.vla_base       = NULL;
+
+       /* TODO: record VLA somewhere so we create the free node when we leave
+        * it's scope */
+}
+
+static void allocate_variable_length_array(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       /* initializers are not allowed for VLAs */
+       assert(declaration->init.initializer == NULL);
+       assert(get_cur_block() != NULL);
+
        dbg_info *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        type_t   *type      = declaration->type;
-       ir_node  *mem       = get_store();
        ir_type  *el_type   = get_ir_type(type->array.element_type);
 
        /* make sure size_node is calculated */
        get_type_size(type);
        ir_node  *elems = type->array.size_node;
+       ir_node  *mem   = get_store();
        ir_node  *alloc = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, mem, elems, el_type, stack_alloc);
 
        ir_node  *proj_m = new_d_Proj(dbgi, alloc, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
        ir_node  *addr   = new_d_Proj(dbgi, alloc, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
        set_store(proj_m);
 
-       /* initializers are not allowed for VLAs */
-       assert(declaration->init.initializer == NULL);
-
-       declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY;
+       assert(declaration->declaration_kind
+                       == DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY);
        declaration->v.vla_base       = addr;
-
-       /* TODO: record VLA somewhere so we create the free node when we leave
-        * it's scope */
 }
 
 /**
@@ -3573,14 +3784,16 @@ static void create_local_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
 
        /* is it a variable length array? */
-       if(is_type_array(type) && !type->array.size_constant) {
+       if (is_type_array(type) && !type->array.size_constant) {
                create_variable_length_array(declaration);
                return;
-       } else if(is_type_array(type) || is_type_compound(type)) {
+       } else if (is_type_array(type) || is_type_compound(type)) {
+               needs_entity = true;
+       } else if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                needs_entity = true;
        }
 
-       if(needs_entity) {
+       if (needs_entity) {
                ir_type *frame_type = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
                create_declaration_entity(declaration,
                                          DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY,
@@ -3591,8 +3804,6 @@ static void create_local_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
                set_irg_loc_description(current_ir_graph, next_value_number_function, declaration);
                ++next_value_number_function;
        }
-
-       create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
 }
 
 static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
@@ -3601,14 +3812,23 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
 
        type_t    *const type        = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
        ir_type   *const global_type = get_glob_type();
-       ident     *const id          = unique_ident(declaration->symbol->string);
        ir_type   *const irtype      = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
+
+       size_t l = strlen(declaration->symbol->string);
+       char   buf[l + sizeof(".%u")];
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%%u", declaration->symbol->string);
+       ident     *const id = id_unique(buf);
+
        ir_entity *const entity      = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
+
+       if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
+               set_entity_volatility(entity, volatility_is_volatile);
+       }
 
        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
        set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
@@ -3626,7 +3846,7 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
 
 static void return_statement_to_firm(return_statement_t *statement)
 {
-       if(get_cur_block() == NULL)
+       if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return;
 
        dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
@@ -3635,16 +3855,16 @@ static void return_statement_to_firm(return_statement_t *statement)
 
        ir_node *in[1];
        int      in_len;
-       if(get_method_n_ress(func_irtype) > 0) {
+       if (get_method_n_ress(func_irtype) > 0) {
                ir_type *res_type = get_method_res_type(func_irtype, 0);
 
-               if(statement->value != NULL) {
+               if (statement->value != NULL) {
                        ir_node *node = expression_to_firm(statement->value);
                        node  = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
                        in[0] = node;
                } else {
                        ir_mode *mode;
-                       if(is_compound_type(res_type)) {
+                       if (is_compound_type(res_type)) {
                                mode = mode_P_data;
                        } else {
                                mode = get_type_mode(res_type);
@@ -3654,7 +3874,7 @@ static void return_statement_to_firm(return_statement_t *statement)
                in_len = 1;
        } else {
                /* build return_value for its side effects */
-               if(statement->value != NULL) {
+               if (statement->value != NULL) {
                        expression_to_firm(statement->value);
                }
                in_len = 0;
@@ -3671,7 +3891,7 @@ static void return_statement_to_firm(return_statement_t *statement)
 
 static ir_node *expression_statement_to_firm(expression_statement_t *statement)
 {
-       if(get_cur_block() == NULL)
+       if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return NULL;
 
        return expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
@@ -3679,12 +3899,15 @@ static ir_node *expression_statement_to_firm(expression_statement_t *statement)
 
 static ir_node *compound_statement_to_firm(compound_statement_t *compound)
 {
+       declaration_t *declaration = compound->scope.declarations;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
+               create_local_declaration(declaration);
+       }
+
        ir_node     *result    = NULL;
        statement_t *statement = compound->statements;
        for( ; statement != NULL; statement = statement->base.next) {
-               //context2firm(&statement->scope);
-
-               if(statement->base.next == NULL
+               if (statement->base.next == NULL
                                && statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
                        result = expression_statement_to_firm(
                                        &statement->expression);
@@ -3737,7 +3960,9 @@ create_var:
                        create_declaration_entity(declaration,
                                                  DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE,
                                                  var_type);
-                       set_entity_visibility(declaration->v.entity, vis);
+                       if (!is_type_function(skip_typeref(declaration->type))) {
+                               set_entity_visibility(declaration->v.entity, vis);
+                       }
 
                        return;
 
@@ -3752,8 +3977,13 @@ create_var:
 
 static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
-       if(declaration->symbol == NULL)
+       if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                return;
+       /* construct type */
+       (void) get_ir_type(declaration->type);
+       if (declaration->symbol == NULL) {
+               return;
+       }
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
 
@@ -3768,8 +3998,8 @@ static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
        case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
-               if(is_type_function(type)) {
-                       if(declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
+               if (is_type_function(type)) {
+                       if (declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
                                panic("nested functions not supported yet");
                        } else {
                                get_function_entity(declaration);
@@ -3779,23 +4009,59 @@ static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
                }
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY:
+               /* should already be handled */
+               assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY);
+               return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
+               declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE;
+               return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC:
-               return;
+               break;
        }
        panic("invalid storage class found");
 }
 
+static void initialize_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       if (declaration->symbol == NULL || declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               return;
+
+       switch ((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
+               create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
+               return;
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
+               allocate_variable_length_array(declaration);
+               return;
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY:
+               return;
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
+               panic("can't initialize unknwon declaration");
+       }
+       panic("invalid declaration kind");
+}
+
 static void declaration_statement_to_firm(declaration_statement_t *statement)
 {
        declaration_t *declaration = statement->declarations_begin;
        declaration_t *end         = statement->declarations_end->next;
        for( ; declaration != end; declaration = declaration->next) {
-               if(declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
-               create_local_declaration(declaration);
+               initialize_local_declaration(declaration);
        }
 }
 
@@ -3803,47 +4069,58 @@ static void if_statement_to_firm(if_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();
 
-       ir_node *fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
+       ir_node *fallthrough_block = NULL;
 
        /* the true (blocks) */
-       ir_node *true_block;
+       ir_node *true_block = NULL;
        if (statement->true_statement != NULL) {
                true_block = new_immBlock();
                statement_to_firm(statement->true_statement);
-               if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
+                       if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
+                               fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        add_immBlock_pred(fallthrough_block, jmp);
                }
-       } else {
-               true_block = fallthrough_block;
        }
 
        /* the false (blocks) */
-       ir_node *false_block;
-       if(statement->false_statement != NULL) {
+       ir_node *false_block = NULL;
+       if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
                false_block = new_immBlock();
 
                statement_to_firm(statement->false_statement);
-               if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
+                       if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
+                               fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        add_immBlock_pred(fallthrough_block, jmp);
                }
-       } else {
-               false_block = fallthrough_block;
        }
 
        /* create the condition */
-       if(cur_block != NULL) {
+       if (cur_block != NULL) {
+               if (true_block == NULL || false_block == NULL) {
+                       if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
+                               fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
+                       if (true_block == NULL)
+                               true_block = fallthrough_block;
+                       if (false_block == NULL)
+                               false_block = fallthrough_block;
+               }
+
                set_cur_block(cur_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, true_block,
                                            false_block);
        }
 
        mature_immBlock(true_block);
-       if(false_block != fallthrough_block) {
+       if (false_block != fallthrough_block) {
                mature_immBlock(false_block);
        }
-       mature_immBlock(fallthrough_block);
+       if (fallthrough_block != NULL) {
+               mature_immBlock(fallthrough_block);
+       }
 
        set_cur_block(fallthrough_block);
 }
@@ -3851,50 +4128,60 @@ static void if_statement_to_firm(if_statement_t *statement)
 static void while_statement_to_firm(while_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;
-       if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }
 
        /* create the header block */
        ir_node *header_block = new_immBlock();
-       if(jmp != NULL) {
+       if (jmp != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(header_block, jmp);
        }
 
-       /* the false block */
-       ir_node *false_block = new_immBlock();
-
        /* the loop body */
-       ir_node *body_block;
-       if (statement->body != NULL) {
-               ir_node *old_continue_label = continue_label;
-               ir_node *old_break_label    = break_label;
-               continue_label              = header_block;
-               break_label                 = false_block;
+       ir_node *old_continue_label = continue_label;
+       ir_node *old_break_label    = break_label;
+       continue_label              = header_block;
+       break_label                 = NULL;
 
-               body_block = new_immBlock();
-               statement_to_firm(statement->body);
+       ir_node *body_block = new_immBlock();
+       statement_to_firm(statement->body);
+       ir_node *false_block = break_label;
 
-               assert(continue_label == header_block);
-               assert(break_label    == false_block);
-               continue_label = old_continue_label;
-               break_label    = old_break_label;
+       assert(continue_label == header_block);
+       continue_label = old_continue_label;
+       break_label    = old_break_label;
 
-               if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
-                       jmp = new_Jmp();
-                       add_immBlock_pred(header_block, jmp);
-               }
-       } else {
-               body_block = header_block;
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               jmp = new_Jmp();
+               add_immBlock_pred(header_block, jmp);
        }
 
-       /* create the condition */
-       set_cur_block(header_block);
+       /* shortcut for while(true) */
+       if (is_constant_expression(statement->condition)
+                       && fold_constant(statement->condition) != 0) {
+               set_cur_block(header_block);
+               ir_node *header_jmp = new_Jmp();
+               add_immBlock_pred(body_block, header_jmp);
+
+               keep_alive(body_block);
+       } else {
+               if (false_block == NULL) {
+                       false_block = new_immBlock();
+               }
+
+               /* create the condition */
+               set_cur_block(header_block);
+
+               create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, body_block,
+                                           false_block);
+       }
 
-       create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, body_block, false_block);
        mature_immBlock(body_block);
-       mature_immBlock(false_block);
        mature_immBlock(header_block);
+       if (false_block != NULL) {
+               mature_immBlock(false_block);
+       }
 
        set_cur_block(false_block);
 }
@@ -3902,54 +4189,50 @@ static void while_statement_to_firm(while_statement_t *statement)
 static void do_while_statement_to_firm(do_while_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;
-       if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }
 
        /* create the header block */
        ir_node *header_block = new_immBlock();
 
-       /* the false block */
-       ir_node *false_block = new_immBlock();
-
        /* the loop body */
        ir_node *body_block = new_immBlock();
-       if(jmp != NULL) {
+       if (jmp != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(body_block, jmp);
        }
 
-       if (statement->body != NULL) {
-               ir_node *old_continue_label = continue_label;
-               ir_node *old_break_label    = break_label;
-               continue_label              = header_block;
-               break_label                 = false_block;
+       ir_node *old_continue_label = continue_label;
+       ir_node *old_break_label    = break_label;
+       continue_label              = header_block;
+       break_label                 = NULL;
 
-               statement_to_firm(statement->body);
+       statement_to_firm(statement->body);
+       ir_node *false_block = break_label;
 
-               assert(continue_label == header_block);
-               assert(break_label    == false_block);
-               continue_label = old_continue_label;
-               break_label    = old_break_label;
+       assert(continue_label == header_block);
+       continue_label = old_continue_label;
+       break_label    = old_break_label;
 
-               if (get_cur_block() == NULL) {
-                       mature_immBlock(header_block);
-                       mature_immBlock(body_block);
-                       mature_immBlock(false_block);
-                       return;
-               }
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               ir_node *body_jmp = new_Jmp();
+               add_immBlock_pred(header_block, body_jmp);
+               mature_immBlock(header_block);
        }
 
-       ir_node *body_jmp = new_Jmp();
-       add_immBlock_pred(header_block, body_jmp);
-       mature_immBlock(header_block);
+       if (false_block == NULL) {
+               false_block = new_immBlock();
+       }
 
        /* create the condition */
        set_cur_block(header_block);
 
        create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, body_block, false_block);
        mature_immBlock(body_block);
-       mature_immBlock(false_block);
        mature_immBlock(header_block);
+       if (false_block != NULL) {
+               mature_immBlock(false_block);
+       }
 
        set_cur_block(false_block);
 }
@@ -3957,17 +4240,22 @@ static void do_while_statement_to_firm(do_while_statement_t *statement)
 static void for_statement_to_firm(for_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;
+
+       /* create declarations */
+       declaration_t *declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
+               create_local_declaration(declaration);
+       }
+       declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
+               initialize_local_declaration(declaration);
+       }
+
        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
-               if(statement->initialisation != NULL) {
+               if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
                        expression_to_firm(statement->initialisation);
                }
 
-               /* create declarations */
-               declaration_t *declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
-               for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
-                       create_local_declaration(declaration);
-               }
-
                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }
 
@@ -4036,7 +4324,7 @@ static void for_statement_to_firm(for_statement_t *statement)
 static void create_jump_statement(const statement_t *statement,
                                   ir_node *target_block)
 {
-       if(get_cur_block() == NULL)
+       if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return;
 
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
@@ -4046,46 +4334,57 @@ static void create_jump_statement(const statement_t *statement,
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 }
 
+static ir_node *get_break_label(void)
+{
+       if (break_label == NULL) {
+               ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();
+               break_label = new_immBlock();
+               set_cur_block(cur_block);
+       }
+       return break_label;
+}
+
 static void switch_statement_to_firm(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
 
        ir_node *expression  = expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
        ir_node *cond        = new_d_Cond(dbgi, expression);
-       ir_node *break_block = new_immBlock();
 
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 
        ir_node *const old_switch_cond       = current_switch_cond;
        ir_node *const old_break_label       = break_label;
        const bool     old_saw_default_label = saw_default_label;
+       saw_default_label                    = false;
        current_switch_cond                  = cond;
-       break_label                          = break_block;
+       break_label                          = NULL;
 
        if (statement->body != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->body);
        }
 
-       if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
-               add_immBlock_pred(break_block, jmp);
+               add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), jmp);
        }
 
        if (!saw_default_label) {
                set_cur_block(get_nodes_block(cond));
                ir_node *const proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, cond,
                                                        MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER);
-               add_immBlock_pred(break_block, proj);
+               add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), proj);
+       }
+
+       if (break_label != NULL) {
+               mature_immBlock(break_label);
        }
+       set_cur_block(break_label);
 
        assert(current_switch_cond == cond);
-       assert(break_label         == break_block);
        current_switch_cond = old_switch_cond;
        break_label         = old_break_label;
        saw_default_label   = old_saw_default_label;
-
-       mature_immBlock(break_block);
-       set_cur_block(break_block);
 }
 
 static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
@@ -4101,7 +4400,7 @@ static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
        ir_node *block     = new_immBlock();
 
        set_cur_block(old_block);
-       if(statement->expression != NULL) {
+       if (statement->expression != NULL) {
                long start_pn = fold_constant(statement->expression);
                long end_pn = start_pn;
                if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
@@ -4110,7 +4409,7 @@ static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
                assert(start_pn <= end_pn);
                /* create jumps for all cases in the given range */
                for (long pn = start_pn; pn <= end_pn; ++pn) {
-                       if(pn == MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER) {
+                       if (pn == MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER) {
                                /* oops someone detected our cheating... */
                                panic("magic default pn used");
                        }
@@ -4131,7 +4430,7 @@ static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
        mature_immBlock(block);
        set_cur_block(block);
 
-       if(statement->statement != NULL) {
+       if (statement->statement != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->statement);
        }
 }
@@ -4140,7 +4439,7 @@ static ir_node *get_label_block(declaration_t *label)
 {
        assert(label->namespc == NAMESPACE_LABEL);
 
-       if(label->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK) {
+       if (label->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK) {
                return label->v.block;
        }
        assert(label->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
@@ -4161,7 +4460,7 @@ static void label_to_firm(const label_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *block = get_label_block(statement->label);
 
-       if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(block, jmp);
        }
@@ -4169,14 +4468,14 @@ static void label_to_firm(const label_statement_t *statement)
        set_cur_block(block);
        keep_alive(block);
 
-       if(statement->statement != NULL) {
+       if (statement->statement != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->statement);
        }
 }
 
 static void goto_to_firm(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 {
-       if(get_cur_block() == NULL)
+       if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return;
 
        ir_node *block = get_label_block(statement->label);
@@ -4186,107 +4485,278 @@ static void goto_to_firm(const goto_statement_t *statement)
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 }
 
-typedef enum modifier_t {
-       ASM_MODIFIER_WRITE_ONLY   = 1 << 0,
-       ASM_MODIFIER_READ_WRITE   = 1 << 1,
-       ASM_MODIFIER_COMMUTATIVE  = 1 << 2,
-       ASM_MODIFIER_EARLYCLOBBER = 1 << 3,
-} modifier_t;
-
 static void asm_statement_to_firm(const asm_statement_t *statement)
 {
-       (void) statement;
-       fprintf(stderr, "WARNING asm not implemented yet!\n");
-#if 0
        bool needs_memory = false;
 
+       if (statement->is_volatile) {
+               needs_memory = true;
+       }
+
        size_t         n_clobbers = 0;
        asm_clobber_t *clobber    = statement->clobbers;
        for( ; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
-               if(strcmp(clobber->clobber, "memory") == 0) {
+               const char *clobber_str = clobber->clobber.begin;
+
+               if (!be_is_valid_clobber(clobber_str)) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                                  "invalid clobber '%s' specified", clobber->clobber);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcmp(clobber_str, "memory") == 0) {
                        needs_memory = true;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               ident *id = new_id_from_str(clobber->clobber);
+               ident *id = new_id_from_str(clobber_str);
                obstack_ptr_grow(&asm_obst, id);
                ++n_clobbers;
        }
        assert(obstack_object_size(&asm_obst) == n_clobbers * sizeof(ident*));
        ident **clobbers = NULL;
-       if(n_clobbers > 0) {
+       if (n_clobbers > 0) {
                clobbers = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);
        }
 
-       /* find and count input and output constraints */
-       asm_constraint_t *constraint = statement->inputs;
-       for( ; constraint != NULL; constraint = constraint->next) {
-               int  modifiers      = 0;
-               bool supports_memop = false;
-               for(const char *c = constraint->constraints; *c != 0; ++c) {
-                       /* TODO: improve error messages */
-                       switch(*c) {
-                       case '?':
-                       case '!':
-                               panic("multiple alternative assembler constraints not "
-                                     "supported");
-                       case 'm':
-                       case 'o':
-                       case 'V':
-                       case '<':
-                       case '>':
-                       case 'X':
-                               supports_memop = true;
-                               obstack_1grow(&asm_obst, *c);
-                               break;
-                       case '=':
-                               if(modifiers & ASM_MODIFIER_READ_WRITE)
-                                       panic("inconsistent register constraints");
-                               modifiers |= ASM_MODIFIER_WRITE_ONLY;
-                               break;
-                       case '+':
-                               if(modifiers & ASM_MODIFIER_WRITE_ONLY)
-                                       panic("inconsistent register constraints");
-                               modifiers |= ASM_MODIFIER_READ_WRITE;
-                               break;
-                       case '&':
-                               modifiers |= ASM_MODIFIER_EARLYCLOBBER;
-                               panic("early clobber assembler constraint not supported yet");
-                               break;
-                       case '%':
-                               modifiers |= ASM_MODIFIER_COMMUTATIVE;
-                               panic("commutative assembler constraint not supported yet");
-                               break;
-                       case '#':
-                               /* skip register preferences stuff... */
-                               while(*c != 0 && *c != ',')
-                                       ++c;
-                               break;
-                       case '*':
-                               /* skip register preferences stuff... */
-                               ++c;
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               obstack_1grow(&asm_obst, *c);
-                               break;
+       size_t n_inputs  = 0;
+       asm_argument_t *argument = statement->inputs;
+       for ( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next)
+               n_inputs++;
+       size_t n_outputs = 0;
+       argument = statement->outputs;
+       for ( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next)
+               n_outputs++;
+
+       unsigned next_pos = 0;
+
+       ir_node *ins[n_inputs + n_outputs + 1];
+       size_t   in_size = 0;
+
+       ir_asm_constraint *tmp_in_constraints
+               = xmalloc(n_outputs * sizeof(tmp_in_constraints[0]));
+
+       const expression_t *out_exprs[n_outputs];
+       ir_node            *out_addrs[n_outputs];
+       size_t              out_size = 0;
+
+       argument = statement->outputs;
+       for ( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+               const char *constraints = argument->constraints.begin;
+               asm_constraint_flags_t asm_flags
+                       = be_parse_asm_constraints(constraints);
+
+               if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_NO_SUPPORT) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "some constraints in '%s' are not supported", constraints);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_INVALID) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "some constraints in '%s' are invalid", constraints);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (! (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_MODIFIER_WRITE)) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "no write flag specified for output constraints '%s'",
+                              constraints);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               unsigned pos = next_pos++;
+               if ( (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE)
+                               || (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER) ) {
+                       expression_t *expr = argument->expression;
+                       ir_node      *addr = expression_to_addr(expr);
+                       /* in+output, construct an artifical same_as constraint on the
+                        * input */
+                       if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_MODIFIER_READ) {
+                               char     buf[64];
+                               ir_node *value = get_value_from_lvalue(expr, addr);
+
+                               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", pos);
+
+                               ir_asm_constraint constraint;
+                               constraint.pos              = pos;
+                               constraint.constraint       = new_id_from_str(buf);
+                               constraint.mode             = get_ir_mode(expr->base.type);
+                               tmp_in_constraints[in_size] = constraint;
+                               ins[in_size] = value;
+
+                               ++in_size;
                        }
+
+                       out_exprs[out_size] = expr;
+                       out_addrs[out_size] = addr;
+                       ++out_size;
+               } else if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_MEMOP) {
+                       /* pure memory ops need no input (but we have to make sure we
+                        * attach to the memory) */
+                       assert(! (asm_flags &
+                                               (ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE
+                                                | ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER)));
+                       needs_memory = true;
+
+                       /* we need to attach the address to the inputs */
+                       expression_t *expr = argument->expression;
+
+                       ir_asm_constraint constraint;
+                       constraint.pos              = pos;
+                       constraint.constraint       = new_id_from_str(constraints);
+                       constraint.mode             = NULL;
+                       tmp_in_constraints[in_size] = constraint;
+
+                       ins[in_size]          = expression_to_addr(expr);
+                       ++in_size;
+                       continue;
+               } else {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "only modifiers but no place set in constraints '%s'",
+                              constraints);
+                       continue;
                }
-               obstack_1grow(&asm_obst, '\0');
-               const char *constraint_string = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);
 
-               needs_memory |= supports_memop;
-               if(supports_memop) {
+               ir_asm_constraint constraint;
+               constraint.pos        = pos;
+               constraint.constraint = new_id_from_str(constraints);
+               constraint.mode       = get_ir_mode(argument->expression->base.type);
+
+               obstack_grow(&asm_obst, &constraint, sizeof(constraint));
+       }
+       assert(obstack_object_size(&asm_obst)
+                       == out_size * sizeof(ir_asm_constraint));
+       ir_asm_constraint *output_constraints = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);
+
+
+       obstack_grow(&asm_obst, tmp_in_constraints,
+                    in_size * sizeof(tmp_in_constraints[0]));
+       free(tmp_in_constraints);
+       /* find and count input and output arguments */
+       argument = statement->inputs;
+       for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+               const char *constraints = argument->constraints.begin;
+               asm_constraint_flags_t asm_flags
+                       = be_parse_asm_constraints(constraints);
+
+               if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_NO_SUPPORT) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "some constraints in '%s' are not supported", constraints);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_INVALID) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "some constraints in '%s' are invalid", constraints);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_MODIFIER_WRITE) {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "write flag specified for input constraints '%s'",
+                              constraints);
+                       continue;
+               }
 
+               ir_node *input;
+               if ( (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE)
+                               || (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER) ) {
+                       /* we can treat this as "normal" input */
+                       input = expression_to_firm(argument->expression);
+               } else if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_MEMOP) {
+                       /* pure memory ops need no input (but we have to make sure we
+                        * attach to the memory) */
+                       assert(! (asm_flags &
+                                               (ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE
+                                                | ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER)));
+                       needs_memory = true;
+                       input = expression_to_addr(argument->expression);
+               } else {
+                       errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
+                              "only modifiers but no place set in constraints '%s'",
+                              constraints);
+                       continue;
                }
+
+               ir_asm_constraint constraint;
+               constraint.pos        = next_pos++;
+               constraint.constraint = new_id_from_str(constraints);
+               constraint.mode       = get_irn_mode(input);
+
+               obstack_grow(&asm_obst, &constraint, sizeof(constraint));
+               ins[in_size++] = input;
        }
-#endif
+
+       if (needs_memory) {
+               ir_asm_constraint constraint;
+               constraint.pos        = next_pos++;
+               constraint.constraint = new_id_from_str("");
+               constraint.mode       = mode_M;
+
+               obstack_grow(&asm_obst, &constraint, sizeof(constraint));
+               ins[in_size++] = get_store();
+       }
+
+       assert(obstack_object_size(&asm_obst)
+                       == in_size * sizeof(ir_asm_constraint));
+       ir_asm_constraint *input_constraints = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);
+
+       /* create asm node */
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
+
+       ident *asm_text = new_id_from_str(statement->asm_text.begin);
+
+       ir_node *node = new_d_ASM(dbgi, in_size, ins, input_constraints,
+                                 out_size, output_constraints,
+                                 n_clobbers, clobbers, asm_text);
+
+       if (statement->is_volatile) {
+               set_irn_pinned(node, op_pin_state_pinned);
+       } else {
+               set_irn_pinned(node, op_pin_state_floats);
+       }
+
+       /* create output projs & connect them */
+       if (needs_memory) {
+               ir_node *projm = new_Proj(node, mode_M, out_size+1);
+               set_store(projm);
+       }
+
+       size_t i;
+       for (i = 0; i < out_size; ++i) {
+               const expression_t *out_expr = out_exprs[i];
+               long                pn       = i;
+               ir_mode            *mode     = get_ir_mode(out_expr->base.type);
+               ir_node            *proj     = new_Proj(node, mode, pn);
+               ir_node            *addr     = out_addrs[i];
+
+               set_value_for_expression_addr(out_expr, proj, addr);
+       }
+}
+
+static void    ms_try_statement_to_firm(ms_try_statement_t *statement) {
+       statement_to_firm(statement->try_statement);
+       warningf(&statement->base.source_position, "structured exception handling ignored");
+}
+
+static void    leave_statement_to_firm(leave_statement_t *statement) {
+       errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "__leave not supported yet");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transform a statement.
+ */
 static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement)
 {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+       assert(!statement->base.transformed);
+       statement->base.transformed = true;
+#endif
+
        switch(statement->kind) {
        case STATEMENT_INVALID:
                panic("invalid statement found");
+               return;
+       case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
+               /* nothing */
+               return;
        case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
                compound_statement_to_firm(&statement->compound);
                return;
@@ -4309,7 +4779,7 @@ static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement)
                declaration_statement_to_firm(&statement->declaration);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_BREAK:
-               create_jump_statement(statement, break_label);
+               create_jump_statement(statement, get_break_label());
                return;
        case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
                create_jump_statement(statement, continue_label);
@@ -4332,6 +4802,12 @@ static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement)
        case STATEMENT_ASM:
                asm_statement_to_firm(&statement->asms);
                return;
+       case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
+               ms_try_statement_to_firm(&statement->ms_try);
+               return;
+       case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
+               leave_statement_to_firm(&statement->leave);
+               return;
        }
        panic("Statement not implemented\n");
 }
@@ -4343,14 +4819,15 @@ static int count_local_declarations(const declaration_t *      decl,
 {
        int count = 0;
        for (; decl != end; decl = decl->next) {
-               if(decl->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               if (decl->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
-               const type_t *type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
+               type_t *type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
+
                if (!decl->address_taken && is_type_scalar(type))
                        ++count;
                const initializer_t *initializer = decl->init.initializer;
                /* FIXME: should walk initializer hierarchies... */
-               if(initializer != NULL && initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
+               if (initializer != NULL && initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                        count += count_decls_in_expression(initializer->value.value);
                }
        }
@@ -4358,10 +4835,12 @@ static int count_local_declarations(const declaration_t *      decl,
 }
 
 static int count_decls_in_expression(const expression_t *expression) {
-       if(expression == NULL)
+       int count = 0;
+
+       if (expression == NULL)
                return 0;
 
-       switch(expression->base.kind) {
+       switch((expression_kind_t) expression->base.kind) {
        case EXPR_STATEMENT:
                return count_decls_in_stmts(expression->statement.statement);
        EXPR_BINARY_CASES {
@@ -4372,7 +4851,6 @@ static int count_decls_in_expression(const expression_t *expression) {
        EXPR_UNARY_CASES
                return count_decls_in_expression(expression->unary.value);
        case EXPR_CALL: {
-               int count = 0;
                call_argument_t *argument = expression->call.arguments;
                for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
                        count += count_decls_in_expression(argument->expression);
@@ -4380,7 +4858,63 @@ static int count_decls_in_expression(const expression_t *expression) {
                return count;
        }
 
-       default:
+       case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
+       case EXPR_INVALID:
+               panic("unexpected expression kind");
+
+       case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
+               /* TODO... */
+               break;
+
+       case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->conditional.condition);
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->conditional.true_expression);
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
+               return count;
+
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_prefetch.adr);
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_prefetch.rw);
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_prefetch.locality);
+               return count;
+
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_constant.value);
+               return count;
+
+       case EXPR_SELECT:
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->select.compound);
+               return count;
+
+       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->array_access.array_ref);
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->array_access.index);
+               return count;
+
+       case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
+               count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->classify_type.type_expression);
+               return count;
+
+       case EXPR_SIZEOF:
+       case EXPR_ALIGNOF: {
+               expression_t *tp_expression = expression->typeprop.tp_expression;
+               if (tp_expression != NULL) {
+                       count += count_decls_in_expression(tp_expression);
+               }
+               return count;
+       }
+
+       case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
+       case EXPR_REFERENCE:
+       case EXPR_CONST:
+       case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
+       case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
+       case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
+       case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
+       case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
+       case EXPR_VA_START:
+       case EXPR_VA_ARG:
                break;
        }
 
@@ -4396,6 +4930,9 @@ static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt)
        int count = 0;
        for (; stmt != NULL; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
                switch (stmt->kind) {
+                       case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
+                               break;
+
                        case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
                                const declaration_statement_t *const decl_stmt = &stmt->declaration;
                                count += count_local_declarations(decl_stmt->declarations_begin,
@@ -4427,7 +4964,7 @@ static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt)
 
                        case STATEMENT_LABEL: {
                                const label_statement_t *const label_stmt = &stmt->label;
-                               if(label_stmt->statement != NULL) {
+                               if (label_stmt->statement != NULL) {
                                        count += count_decls_in_stmts(label_stmt->statement);
                                }
                                break;
@@ -4460,7 +4997,7 @@ static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt)
                        case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL: {
                                const case_label_statement_t *label = &stmt->case_label;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(label->expression);
-                               if(label->statement != NULL) {
+                               if (label->statement != NULL) {
                                        count += count_decls_in_stmts(label->statement);
                                }
                                break;
@@ -4478,6 +5015,7 @@ static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt)
                        }
 
                        case STATEMENT_GOTO:
+                       case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
                        case STATEMENT_INVALID:
                                break;
 
@@ -4486,6 +5024,15 @@ static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt)
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(ret_stmt->value);
                                break;
                        }
+
+                       case STATEMENT_MS_TRY: {
+                               const ms_try_statement_t *const try_stmt = &stmt->ms_try;
+                               count += count_decls_in_stmts(try_stmt->try_statement);
+                               if (try_stmt->except_expression != NULL)
+                                       count += count_decls_in_expression(try_stmt->except_expression);
+                               count += count_decls_in_stmts(try_stmt->final_statement);
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
        }
        return count;
@@ -4519,11 +5066,11 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(declaration_t *declaration)
 
                bool needs_entity = parameter->address_taken;
                assert(!is_type_array(type));
-               if(is_type_compound(type)) {
+               if (is_type_compound(type)) {
                        needs_entity = true;
                }
 
-               if(needs_entity) {
+               if (needs_entity) {
                        ir_entity *entity = get_method_value_param_ent(function_irtype, n);
                        ident     *id     = new_id_from_str(parameter->symbol->string);
                        set_entity_ident(entity, id);
@@ -4534,16 +5081,22 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(declaration_t *declaration)
                        continue;
                }
 
-               ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(parameter->type);
-               long     pn   = n;
-               ir_node *proj = new_r_Proj(irg, start_block, args, mode, pn);
+               ir_type *param_irtype = get_method_param_type(function_irtype, n);
+               ir_mode *param_mode   = get_type_mode(param_irtype);
+
+               long     pn    = n;
+               ir_node *value = new_r_Proj(irg, start_block, args, param_mode, pn);
+
+               ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
+               value = create_conv(NULL, value, mode);
+               value = do_strict_conv(NULL, value);
 
                parameter->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE;
                parameter->v.value_number   = next_value_number_function;
                set_irg_loc_description(current_ir_graph, next_value_number_function, parameter);
                ++next_value_number_function;
 
-               set_value(parameter->v.value_number, proj);
+               set_value(parameter->v.value_number, value);
        }
 }
 
@@ -4582,27 +5135,63 @@ static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg, decl_modifiers_t decl_mod
        }
 }
 
+static void add_function_pointer(ir_type *segment, ir_entity *method,
+                                 const char *unique_template)
+{
+       ir_type   *method_type  = get_entity_type(method);
+       ident     *id           = id_unique(unique_template);
+       ir_type   *ptr_type     = new_type_pointer(id, method_type, mode_P_code);
+
+       ident     *ide          = id_unique(unique_template);
+       ir_entity *ptr          = new_entity(segment, ide, ptr_type);
+       ir_graph  *irg          = get_const_code_irg();
+       ir_node   *val          = new_rd_SymConst_addr_ent(NULL, irg, mode_P_code,
+                                                          method, NULL);
+
+       set_entity_compiler_generated(ptr, 1);
+       set_entity_variability(ptr, variability_constant);
+       set_atomic_ent_value(ptr, val);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create code for a function.
+ */
 static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
        ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(declaration);
 
-       if(declaration->init.statement == NULL)
+       if (declaration->init.statement == NULL)
                return;
 
+       if (declaration->modifiers & DM_CONSTRUCTOR) {
+               ir_type *segment = get_segment_type(IR_SEGMENT_CONSTRUCTORS);
+               add_function_pointer(segment, function_entity, "constructor_ptr.%u");
+       }
+       if (declaration->modifiers & DM_DESTRUCTOR) {
+               ir_type *segment = get_segment_type(IR_SEGMENT_DESTRUCTORS);
+               add_function_pointer(segment, function_entity, "destructor_ptr.%u");
+       }
+
        current_function_decl = declaration;
        current_function_name = NULL;
+       current_funcsig       = NULL;
 
        assert(imature_blocks == NULL);
        imature_blocks = NEW_ARR_F(ir_node*, 0);
 
        int       n_local_vars = get_function_n_local_vars(declaration);
        ir_graph *irg          = new_ir_graph(function_entity, n_local_vars);
-       ir_node  *first_block  = get_cur_block();
+
+       set_irg_fp_model(irg, firm_opt.fp_model);
+       tarval_enable_fp_ops((firm_opt.fp_model & fp_strict_algebraic) == 0);
+       set_irn_dbg_info(get_irg_start_block(irg), get_entity_dbg_info(function_entity));
+
+       ir_node *first_block = get_cur_block();
 
        /* set inline flags */
        if (declaration->is_inline)
-       set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_recomended);
-    handle_decl_modifier_irg(irg, declaration->modifiers);
+               set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_recomended);
+       handle_decl_modifier_irg(irg, declaration->modifiers);
 
        next_value_number_function = 0;
        initialize_function_parameters(declaration);
@@ -4612,7 +5201,7 @@ static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
        ir_node *end_block = get_irg_end_block(irg);
 
        /* do we have a return statement yet? */
-       if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
                assert(is_type_function(type));
                const function_type_t *func_type   = &type->function;
@@ -4624,7 +5213,7 @@ static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
                        ret = new_Return(get_store(), 0, NULL);
                } else {
                        ir_mode *mode;
-                       if(is_type_scalar(return_type)) {
+                       if (is_type_scalar(return_type)) {
                                mode = get_ir_mode(func_type->return_type);
                        } else {
                                mode = mode_P_data;
@@ -4636,6 +5225,11 @@ static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
                                in[0] = new_Const(mode, get_mode_null(mode));
                        } else {
                                in[0] = new_Unknown(mode);
+                               if (warning.return_type) {
+                                       warningf(&declaration->source_position,
+                                               "missing return statement at end of non-void function '%Y'",
+                                               declaration->symbol);
+                               }
                        }
                        ret = new_Return(get_store(), 1, in);
                }
@@ -4663,12 +5257,12 @@ static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
                ir_type   *entity_type = get_entity_type(entity);
 
                int align = get_type_alignment_bytes(entity_type);
-               if(align > align_all)
+               if (align > align_all)
                        align_all = align;
                int misalign = 0;
-               if(align > 0) {
+               if (align > 0) {
                        misalign  = offset % align;
-                       if(misalign > 0) {
+                       if (misalign > 0) {
                                offset += align - misalign;
                        }
                }
@@ -4687,16 +5281,16 @@ static void scope_to_firm(scope_t *scope)
        /* first pass: create declarations */
        declaration_t *declaration = scope->declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
-               if(declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
-               if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY
+               if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY
                                || declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
                        continue;
-               if(declaration->symbol == NULL)
+               if (declaration->symbol == NULL)
                        continue;
 
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
-               if(is_type_function(type)) {
+               if (is_type_function(type)) {
                        get_function_entity(declaration);
                } else {
                        create_global_variable(declaration);
@@ -4706,16 +5300,16 @@ static void scope_to_firm(scope_t *scope)
        /* second pass: create code/initializers */
        declaration = scope->declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
-               if(declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
-               if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY
+               if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY
                                || declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
                        continue;
-               if(declaration->symbol == NULL)
+               if (declaration->symbol == NULL)
                        continue;
 
                type_t *type = declaration->type;
-               if(type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+               if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
                        create_function(declaration);
                } else {
                        assert(declaration->declaration_kind
@@ -4731,16 +5325,41 @@ void init_ast2firm(void)
        obstack_init(&asm_obst);
        init_atomic_modes();
 
+       id_underscore = new_id_from_chars("_", 1);
+       id_imp        = new_id_from_chars("__imp_", 6);
+
+       /* OS option must be set to the backend */
+       const char *s = "ia32-gasmode=linux";
+       switch (firm_opt.os_support) {
+       case OS_SUPPORT_MINGW:
+               create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_win32;
+               s = "ia32-gasmode=mingw";
+               break;
+       case OS_SUPPORT_LINUX:
+               create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_linux_elf;
+               s = "ia32-gasmode=elf";
+               break;
+       case OS_SUPPORT_MACHO:
+               create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_macho;
+               s = "ia32-gasmode=macho";
+               break;
+       }
+       int res = firm_be_option(s);
+       (void) res;
+       assert(res);
+
        /* create idents for all known runtime functions */
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
-               predef_idents[rts_data[i].id] = new_id_from_str(rts_data[i].name);
+               rts_idents[i] = new_id_from_str(rts_data[i].name);
        }
+
+       entitymap_init(&entitymap);
 }
 
 static void init_ir_types(void)
 {
        static int ir_types_initialized = 0;
-       if(ir_types_initialized)
+       if (ir_types_initialized)
                return;
        ir_types_initialized = 1;
 
@@ -4751,14 +5370,12 @@ static void init_ir_types(void)
        ir_type_int        = get_ir_type(type_int);
        ir_type_const_char = get_ir_type(type_const_char);
        ir_type_wchar_t    = get_ir_type(type_wchar_t);
-       ir_type_void       = get_ir_type(type_int); /* we don't have a real void
-                                                      type in firm */
-
-       type_void->base.firm_type = ir_type_void;
+       ir_type_void       = get_ir_type(type_void);
 }
 
 void exit_ast2firm(void)
 {
+       entitymap_destroy(&entitymap);
        obstack_free(&asm_obst, NULL);
 }