add option -Wreturn-type
[cparser] / ast2firm.c
index 695b4cb..c09a7c5 100644 (file)
 #include "diagnostic.h"
 #include "lang_features.h"
 #include "types.h"
+#include "warning.h"
 #include "driver/firm_opt.h"
 #include "driver/firm_cmdline.h"
 
 #define MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER            (long) -314159265
 
+/* some idents needed for name mangling */
+static ident *id_underscore;
+static ident *id_imp;
+
 static ir_type *ir_type_const_char;
 static ir_type *ir_type_wchar_t;
 static ir_type *ir_type_void;
@@ -72,10 +77,14 @@ typedef enum declaration_kind_t {
        DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY,
        DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER,
        DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK,
-       DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY
+       DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY,
+       DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE,
+       DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE,
+       DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE
 } declaration_kind_t;
 
 static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type);
+static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type);
 static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt);
 
 ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
@@ -112,23 +121,14 @@ static dbg_info *get_dbg_info(const source_position_t *pos)
        return (dbg_info*) pos;
 }
 
-static unsigned unique_id = 0;
-
-static ident *unique_ident(const char *tag)
-{
-       char buf[256];
-
-       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%u", tag, unique_id);
-       unique_id++;
-       return new_id_from_str(buf);
-}
-
 static ir_mode *_atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1];
 
 static ir_mode *mode_int, *mode_uint;
 
+static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
 static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
 static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type);
+static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);
 
 static ir_mode *init_atomic_ir_mode(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
 {
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ static ir_mode *init_atomic_ir_mode(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
        if( (flags & (ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT))
                        && !(flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_COMPLEX)) {
                char            name[64];
-               mode_sort       sort;
+               ir_mode_sort    sort;
                unsigned        bit_size     = size * 8;
                bool            is_signed    = (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED) != 0;
-               mode_arithmetic arithmetic;
+               ir_mode_arithmetic arithmetic;
                unsigned        modulo_shift;
 
                if(flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) {
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@ static void init_atomic_modes(void)
 
        /* initialize pointer modes */
        char            name[64];
-       mode_sort       sort         = irms_reference;
+       ir_mode_sort    sort         = irms_reference;
        unsigned        bit_size     = machine_size;
        bool            is_signed    = 0;
-       mode_arithmetic arithmetic   = irma_twos_complement;
+       ir_mode_arithmetic arithmetic   = irma_twos_complement;
        unsigned        modulo_shift
                = bit_size < machine_size ? machine_size : bit_size;
 
@@ -218,9 +218,13 @@ static unsigned get_type_size_const(type_t *type)
 
        switch(type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
-               panic("error type occured");
+               panic("error type occurred");
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
                return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind);
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+               return 2 * get_atomic_type_size(type->complex.akind);
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+               return get_atomic_type_size(type->imaginary.akind);
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_int);
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
@@ -281,19 +285,51 @@ static unsigned count_parameters(const function_type_t *function_type)
        return count;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Firm type for an atomic type
+ */
 static ir_type *create_atomic_type(const atomic_type_t *type)
 {
        dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
        ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
-       unsigned            alignment = get_atomic_type_alignment(kind);
        ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
        ir_type            *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);
 
-       if(type->base.alignment > alignment)
-               alignment = type->base.alignment;
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);
+
+       return irtype;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Firm type for a complex type
+ */
+static ir_type *create_complex_type(const complex_type_t *type)
+{
+       dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
+       ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
+       ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
+
+       (void) id;
+       (void) dbgi;
+
+       /* FIXME: finish the array */
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Firm type for an imaginary type
+ */
+static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
+{
+       dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
+       ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
+       ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
+       ir_type            *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);
 
-       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, alignment);
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);
 
        return irtype;
 }
@@ -302,7 +338,7 @@ static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
 {
        type_t  *return_type  = function_type->return_type;
 
-       ident   *id           = unique_ident("functiontype");
+       ident   *id           = id_unique("functiontype.%u");
        int      n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type);
        int      n_results    = return_type == type_void ? 0 : 1;
        dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&function_type->base.source_position);
@@ -330,19 +366,11 @@ static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
 
 static ir_type *create_pointer_type(pointer_type_t *type)
 {
-       type_t  *points_to = type->points_to;
-       ir_type *ir_points_to;
-       /* Avoid endless recursion if the points_to type contains this poiner type
-        * again (might be a struct). We therefore first create a void* pointer
-        * and then set the real points_to type
-        */
-       dbg_info *dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
-       ir_type  *ir_type = new_d_type_pointer(unique_ident("pointer"),
-                                           ir_type_void, mode_P_data, dbgi);
-       type->base.firm_type  = ir_type;
-
-       ir_points_to = get_ir_type(points_to);
-       set_pointer_points_to_type(ir_type, ir_points_to);
+       type_t   *points_to    = type->points_to;
+       ir_type  *ir_points_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(points_to);
+       dbg_info *dbgi         = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
+       ir_type  *ir_type      = new_d_type_pointer(id_unique("pointer.%u"),
+                                                   ir_points_to, mode_P_data, dbgi);
 
        return ir_type;
 }
@@ -352,7 +380,7 @@ static ir_type *create_array_type(array_type_t *type)
        type_t  *element_type    = type->element_type;
        ir_type *ir_element_type = get_ir_type(element_type);
 
-       ident    *id      = unique_ident("array");
+       ident    *id      = id_unique("array.%u");
        dbg_info *dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        ir_type  *ir_type = new_d_type_array(id, 1, ir_element_type, dbgi);
 
@@ -466,63 +494,96 @@ static ir_type *create_bitfield_type(bitfield_type_t *const type)
 
 #define INVALID_TYPE ((ir_type_ptr)-1)
 
-static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                  size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align);
+enum {
+       COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT = false,
+       COMPOUND_IS_UNION  = true
+};
 
-static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                   size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align)
+/**
+ * Construct firm type from ast struct type.
+ *
+ * As anonymous inner structs get flattened to a single firm type, we might get
+ * irtype, outer_offset and out_align passed (they represent the position of
+ * the anonymous inner struct inside the resulting firm struct)
+ */
+static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
+                                     size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align,
+                                     bool incomplete, bool is_union)
 {
-       declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration;
-       if(declaration->v.irtype != NULL) {
+       declaration_t      *declaration = type->declaration;
+       declaration_kind_t  kind        = (declaration_kind_t)declaration->declaration_kind;
+
+       if(kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE
+                       || (kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE
+                               && incomplete))
                return declaration->v.irtype;
-       }
 
        size_t align_all  = 1;
        size_t offset     = 0;
        size_t bit_offset = 0;
+       size_t size       = 0;
+
        if(irtype == NULL) {
                symbol_t *symbol = declaration->symbol;
                ident    *id;
                if(symbol != NULL) {
-                       id = unique_ident(symbol->string);
+                       id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                } else {
-                       id = unique_ident("__anonymous_struct");
+                       if (is_union) {
+                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
+                       } else {
+                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
+                       }
                }
                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
 
-               irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
+               if (is_union) {
+                       irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
+               } else {
+                       irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
+               }
 
-               declaration->v.irtype = irtype;
-               type->base.firm_type  = irtype;
+               declaration->declaration_kind
+                       = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE;
+               declaration->v.irtype         = irtype;
+               //type->base.firm_type          = irtype;
        } else {
                offset    = *outer_offset;
                align_all = *outer_align;
        }
 
+       if(incomplete)
+               return irtype;
+
+       declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE;
+
        declaration_t *entry = declaration->scope.declarations;
        for( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next) {
                if(entry->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
 
+               size_t prev_offset = offset;
+
                symbol_t *symbol     = entry->symbol;
                type_t   *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
                dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->source_position);
+
                ident    *ident;
                if(symbol != NULL) {
                        ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                } else {
                        if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
-                               create_struct_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                  &align_all);
-                               continue;
+                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
+                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+                               goto finished_member;
                        } else if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
-                               create_union_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                 &align_all);
-                               continue;
+                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
+                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+                               goto finished_member;
                        } else {
                                assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
                        }
-                       ident = unique_ident("anon");
+                       ident = id_unique("anon.%u");
                }
 
                ir_type *base_irtype;
@@ -584,122 +645,35 @@ static ir_type *create_struct_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                entry->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
                assert(entry->v.entity == NULL);
                entry->v.entity         = entity;
-       }
-
-       size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
-       if(misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
-               offset += align_all - misalign;
-       }
 
-       if(outer_offset != NULL) {
-               *outer_offset = offset;
-               *outer_align  = align_all;
-       } else {
-               set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
-               set_type_size_bytes(irtype, offset);
-               set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
-       }
-
-       return irtype;
-}
-
-static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                  size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align)
-{
-       declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration;
-       if(declaration->v.irtype != NULL) {
-               return declaration->v.irtype;
-       }
-
-       size_t align_all = 1;
-       size_t offset    = 0;
-       size_t size      = 0;
-
-       if(irtype == NULL) {
-               symbol_t      *symbol      = declaration->symbol;
-               ident         *id;
-               if(symbol != NULL) {
-                       id = unique_ident(symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       id = unique_ident("__anonymous_union");
-               }
-               dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
-
-               irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
-
-               declaration->v.irtype = irtype;
-               type->base.firm_type  = irtype;
-       } else {
-               offset    = *outer_offset;
-               align_all = *outer_align;
-       }
-
-       type->base.firm_type = irtype;
-
-       declaration_t *entry = declaration->scope.declarations;
-       for( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next) {
-               if(entry->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
-                       continue;
-
-               symbol_t *symbol        = entry->symbol;
-               type_t   *entry_type    = skip_typeref(entry->type);
-               ir_type  *entry_ir_type = get_ir_type(entry_type);
-
-               ident *ident;
-               if(symbol != NULL) {
-                       ident = new_id_from_str(entry->symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       size_t offs = offset;
-                       if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
-                               create_struct_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offs,
-                                                  &align_all);
-                               continue;
-                       } else if(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
-                               create_union_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offs,
-                                                 &align_all);
-                               continue;
-                       } else {
-                               panic("anonymous union member must be struct or union");
-                       }
-                       size_t entry_size = offs - offset;
-                       if(entry_size > size) {
+finished_member:
+               if (is_union) {
+                       size_t entry_size = offset - prev_offset;
+                       if (entry_size > size) {
                                size = entry_size;
                        }
-                       ident = unique_ident("anon");
+                       offset     = 0;
+                       bit_offset = 0;
                }
+       }
 
-               size_t entry_size      = get_type_size_bytes(entry_ir_type);
-               size_t entry_alignment = get_type_alignment_bytes(entry_ir_type);
-
-               dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&entry->source_position);
-               ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(irtype, ident, entry_ir_type,
-                                                      dbgi);
-               //add_union_member(irtype, entity);
-               set_entity_offset(entity, 0);
-               entry->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
-               assert(entry->v.entity == NULL);
-               entry->v.entity         = entity;
+       if (!is_union) {
+               size = offset;
+       }
 
-               if(entry_size > size) {
-                       size = entry_size;
-               }
-               if(entry_alignment > align_all) {
-                       if(entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
-                               panic("Uneven alignments not supported yet");
-                       }
-                       align_all = entry_alignment;
-               }
+       size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
+       if(misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
+               size += align_all - misalign;
        }
 
        if(outer_offset != NULL) {
-               assert(*outer_offset == offset);
-
-               size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
-               if (misalign != 0)
-                       size += align_all - misalign;
-               *outer_offset += size;
+               if (!is_union) {
+                       *outer_offset = offset;
+               } else {
+                       *outer_offset += size;
+               }
 
-               if(align_all > *outer_align) {
+               if (align_all > *outer_align) {
                        if(align_all % *outer_align != 0) {
                                panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
                        }
@@ -709,7 +683,6 @@ static ir_type *create_union_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
                set_type_size_bytes(irtype, size);
                set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
-               declaration->v.irtype = irtype;
        }
 
        return irtype;
@@ -745,24 +718,53 @@ static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
        return ir_type_int;
 }
 
+static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
+{
+       assert(type != NULL);
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+
+       if (type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
+               assert(type->base.firm_type != INVALID_TYPE);
+               return type->base.firm_type;
+       }
+
+       switch (type->kind) {
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+       default:
+               return get_ir_type(type);
+       }
+}
+
 static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
 {
        assert(type != NULL);
 
        type = skip_typeref(type);
 
-       if(type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
+       if (type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
                assert(type->base.firm_type != INVALID_TYPE);
                return type->base.firm_type;
        }
 
        ir_type *firm_type = NULL;
-       switch(type->kind) {
+       switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
-               panic("error type occured");
+               panic("error type occurred");
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
                firm_type = create_atomic_type(&type->atomic);
                break;
+       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
+               firm_type = create_complex_type(&type->complex);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
+               firm_type = create_imaginary_type(&type->imaginary);
+               break;
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
                firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function);
                break;
@@ -773,10 +775,12 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
                firm_type = create_array_type(&type->array);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               firm_type = create_struct_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-               firm_type = create_union_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
                break;
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                firm_type = create_enum_type(&type->enumt);
@@ -814,8 +818,6 @@ static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type)
        return mode;
 }
 
-static ident *predef_idents[rts_max];
-
 /** Names of the runtime functions. */
 static const struct {
        int        id;           /**< the rts id */
@@ -826,6 +828,7 @@ static const struct {
 } rts_data[] = {
        { rts_debugbreak, 0, "__debugbreak", 0, _MS },
        { rts_abort,      0, "abort",        0, _C89 },
+       { rts_alloca,     1, "alloca",       1, _ALL },
        { rts_abs,        1, "abs",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_labs,       1, "labs",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_llabs,      1, "llabs",        1, _C99 },
@@ -897,7 +900,69 @@ static const struct {
        { rts_strncmp,    1, "strncmp",      3, _C89 }
 };
 
-static ir_entity* get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
+static ident *rts_idents[sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0])];
+
+/**
+ * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for win32 usage.
+ *
+ * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
+ * @param declaration  the declaration
+ */
+static ident *create_ld_ident_win32(ir_entity *ent, declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       ident *id;
+
+       if (is_Method_type(get_entity_type(ent)))
+               id = decorate_win32_c_fkt(ent, get_entity_ident(ent));
+       else {
+               /* always add an underscore in win32 */
+               id = mangle(id_underscore, get_entity_ident(ent));
+       }
+
+       decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers = declaration->decl_modifiers;
+       if (decl_modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
+               /* add prefix for imported symbols */
+               id = mangle(id_imp, id);
+       }
+       return id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for Linux ELF usage.
+ *
+ * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
+ * @param declaration  the declaration
+ */
+static ident *create_ld_ident_linux_elf(ir_entity *entity,
+                                        declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       (void) declaration;
+       return get_entity_ident(entity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for Mach-O usage.
+ *
+ * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
+ * @param declaration  the declaration
+ */
+static ident *create_ld_ident_macho(ir_entity *ent, declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       (void) declaration;
+       ident *id = mangle(id_underscore, get_entity_ident(ent));
+       return id;
+}
+
+typedef ident* (*create_ld_ident_func)(ir_entity *entity,
+                                       declaration_t *declaration);
+create_ld_ident_func  create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_linux_elf;
+
+/**
+ * Creates an entity representing a function.
+ *
+ * @param declaration  the function declaration
+ */
+static ir_entity *get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
        if(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION)
                return declaration->v.entity;
@@ -912,7 +977,12 @@ static ir_entity* get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
 
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
+       if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
+               declaration->init.statement == NULL) {
+               /* this entity was declared, but never defined */
+               set_entity_peculiarity(entity, peculiarity_description);
+       }
        if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC
                        || declaration->is_inline) {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
@@ -920,39 +990,34 @@ static ir_entity* get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
        } else {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_allocated);
-
-               /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
-                  this is not needed. */
-               int    n_params = get_method_n_params(ir_type_method);
-               int    n_res    = get_method_n_ress(ir_type_method);
-               int    i;
-
-               if (n_params == 0 && n_res == 0 && id == predef_idents[rts_abort]) {
-                       /* found abort(), store for later */
-                       //abort_ent = ent;
-                       //abort_tp  = ftype;
-               } else {
-                       if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
-                               /* check for a known runtime function */
-                               for (i = 0; i < rts_max; ++i) {
-                                       /* ignore those rts functions not necessary needed for current mode */
-                                       if ((c_mode & rts_data[i].flags) == 0)
-                                               continue;
-                                       if (n_params == rts_data[i].n_params && n_res == rts_data[i].n_res &&
-                                               id == predef_idents[rts_data[i].id])
-                                               rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] = entity;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
        }
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
 
        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
 
+       /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
+          this is not needed. */
+       if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
+               /* check for a known runtime function */
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
+                       if (id != rts_idents[i])
+                               continue;
+
+                       /* ignore those rts functions not necessary needed for current mode */
+                       if ((c_mode & rts_data[i].flags) == 0)
+                               continue;
+                       assert(rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] == NULL);
+                       rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] = entity;
+               }
+       }
+
        return entity;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Const node representing a constant.
+ */
 static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
@@ -976,6 +1041,9 @@ static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Const node representing a character constant.
+ */
 static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
@@ -983,7 +1051,11 @@ static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 
        long long int v = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < cnst->v.character.size; ++i) {
-               v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
+               if (char_is_signed) {
+                       v = (v << 8) | ((signed char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
+               } else {
+                       v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
+               }
        }
        char    buf[128];
        size_t  len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
@@ -992,6 +1064,9 @@ static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a Const node representing a wide character constant.
+ */
 static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
@@ -1006,8 +1081,15 @@ static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst for a given entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the SymConst
+ * @param entity  the entity
+ */
 static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
-                                ir_entity *entity)
+                              ir_entity *entity)
 {
        assert(entity != NULL);
        union symconst_symbol sym;
@@ -1015,16 +1097,23 @@ static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
        return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode, sym, symconst_addr_ent);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a string constant.
+ *
+ * @param src_pos    the source position of the string constant
+ * @param id_prefix  a prefix for the name of the generated string constant
+ * @param value      the value of the string constant
+ */
 static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
                                const char *const id_prefix,
                                const string_t *const value)
 {
        ir_type  *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        dbg_info *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(src_pos);
-       ir_type  *const type        = new_d_type_array(unique_ident("strtype"), 1,
+       ir_type  *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
                                                       ir_type_const_char, dbgi);
 
-       ident     *const id     = unique_ident(id_prefix);
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique(id_prefix);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
@@ -1052,23 +1141,33 @@ static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a string literal.
+ *
+ * @param literal   the string literal
+ */
 static ir_node *string_literal_to_firm(
                const string_literal_expression_t* literal)
 {
-       return string_to_firm(&literal->base.source_position, "Lstr",
+       return string_to_firm(&literal->base.source_position, "Lstr.%u",
                              &literal->value);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a wide string literal.
+ *
+ * @param literal   the wide string literal
+ */
 static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
        const wide_string_literal_expression_t* const literal)
 {
        ir_type *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_type *const elem_type   = ir_type_wchar_t;
        dbg_info *const dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&literal->base.source_position);
-       ir_type *const type        = new_d_type_array(unique_ident("strtype"), 1,
+       ir_type *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
                                                    elem_type, dbgi);
 
-       ident     *const id     = unique_ident("Lstr");
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique("Lstr.%u");
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
@@ -1095,8 +1194,8 @@ static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
-static ir_node *deref_address(type_t *const type, ir_node *const addr,
-                              dbg_info *const dbgi)
+static ir_node *deref_address(dbg_info *const dbgi, type_t *const type,
+                                     ir_node *const addr)
 {
        ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        if (is_compound_type(irtype)
@@ -1119,17 +1218,20 @@ static ir_node *deref_address(type_t *const type, ir_node *const addr,
        return load_res;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a strict Conv if neccessary.
+ */
 static ir_node *do_strict_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *node)
 {
        ir_mode *mode = get_irn_mode(node);
 
-       if(!(get_irg_fp_model(current_ir_graph) & fp_explicit_rounding))
+       if (!(get_irg_fp_model(current_ir_graph) & fp_explicit_rounding))
                return node;
-       if(!mode_is_float(mode))
+       if (!mode_is_float(mode))
                return node;
 
        /* check if there is already a Conv */
-       if (get_irn_op(node) == op_Conv) {
+       if (is_Conv(node)) {
                /* convert it into a strict Conv */
                set_Conv_strict(node, 1);
                return node;
@@ -1159,8 +1261,10 @@ static ir_node *get_global_var_address(dbg_info *const dbgi,
        }
 }
 
-/* Returns the correct base address depending on whether it is a parameter or a
- * normal local variable */
+/**
+ * Returns the correct base address depending on whether it is a parameter or a
+ * normal local variable.
+ */
 static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
 {
        ir_graph      *const irg   = current_ir_graph;
@@ -1173,19 +1277,36 @@ static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
        }
 }
 
+static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
+{
+       ir_mode *value_mode = get_irn_mode(value);
+
+       if (value_mode == dest_mode || is_Bad(value))
+               return value;
+
+       if(dest_mode == mode_b) {
+               ir_node *zero = new_Const(value_mode, get_mode_null(value_mode));
+               ir_node *cmp  = new_d_Cmp(dbgi, value, zero);
+               ir_node *proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cmp, mode_b, pn_Cmp_Lg);
+               return proj;
+       }
+
+       return new_d_Conv(dbgi, value, dest_mode);
+}
+
 static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 {
        dbg_info      *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&ref->base.source_position);
        declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
        type_t        *type        = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
 
+       /* make sure the type is constructed */
+       (void) get_ir_type(type);
+
        switch((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
-               if (declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY) {
-                       break;
-               }
-               get_ir_type(type);
-               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               break;
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
@@ -1202,19 +1323,21 @@ static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
                ir_node *const addr   = get_global_var_address(dbgi, declaration);
-               return deref_address(declaration->type, addr, dbgi);
+               return deref_address(dbgi, declaration->type, addr);
        }
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *entity = declaration->v.entity;
                ir_node   *frame  = get_local_frame(entity);
                ir_node   *sel    = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
-               return deref_address(declaration->type, sel, dbgi);
+               return deref_address(dbgi, declaration->type, sel);
        }
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
                return declaration->v.vla_base;
 
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
@@ -1229,6 +1352,7 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
 
        switch((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
                break;
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
@@ -1256,6 +1380,8 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY:
                panic("trying to reference enum entry");
 
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
@@ -1264,6 +1390,9 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        panic("reference to declaration with unknown type found");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transform calls to builtin functions.
+ */
 static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
@@ -1294,6 +1423,12 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
 
                return res;
        }
+       case T___builtin_huge_val: {
+               ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(function_type->function.return_type);
+               tarval  *tv   = get_mode_infinite(mode);
+               ir_node *res  = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
+               return   res;
+       }
        case T___builtin_nan:
        case T___builtin_nanf:
        case T___builtin_nand: {
@@ -1311,6 +1446,12 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transform a call expression.
+ * Handles some special cases, like alloca() calls, which must be resolved BEFORE the inlines runs.
+ * Inlining routines calling alloca() is dangerous, 176.gcc for instance might allocate 2GB instead of
+ * 256 MB if alloca is not handled right...
+ */
 static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
 {
        assert(get_cur_block() != NULL);
@@ -1319,6 +1460,28 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
        if(function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
                return process_builtin_call(call);
        }
+       if(function->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
+               declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
+
+               if((declaration_kind_t)declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION) {
+                       if (declaration->v.entity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
+                               /* handle alloca() call */
+                               expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
+                               ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);
+
+                               ir_node *store  = get_store();
+                               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
+                               ir_node *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size, firm_unknown_type,
+                                              stack_alloc);
+                                       ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
+                               set_store(proj_m);
+                               ir_node *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
+
+                               return res;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
        ir_node *callee = expression_to_firm(function);
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(function->base.type);
@@ -1328,55 +1491,58 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
        assert(is_type_function(points_to));
        function_type_t *function_type = &points_to->function;
 
-       int              n_parameters = 0;
-       call_argument_t *argument     = call->arguments;
-       for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
-               ++n_parameters;
-       }
-
        dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
 
+       int      n_parameters = 0;
        ir_type *ir_method_type  = get_ir_type((type_t*) function_type);
        ir_type *new_method_type = NULL;
        if(function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+               const call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
+               for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+                       ++n_parameters;
+               }
+
                /* we need to construct a new method type matching the call
                 * arguments... */
                int n_res       = get_method_n_ress(ir_method_type);
                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
-               new_method_type = new_d_type_method(unique_ident("calltype"),
-                                                 n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
+               new_method_type = new_d_type_method(id_unique("calltype.%u"),
+                                                   n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
                set_method_calling_convention(new_method_type,
                               get_method_calling_convention(ir_method_type));
                set_method_additional_properties(new_method_type,
                               get_method_additional_properties(ir_method_type));
+               set_method_variadicity(new_method_type,
+                                      get_method_variadicity(ir_method_type));
 
                for(int i = 0; i < n_res; ++i) {
                        set_method_res_type(new_method_type, i,
                                            get_method_res_type(ir_method_type, i));
                }
+               argument = call->arguments;
+               for(int i = 0; i < n_parameters; ++i, argument = argument->next) {
+                       expression_t *expression = argument->expression;
+                       ir_type      *irtype     = get_ir_type(expression->base.type);
+                       set_method_param_type(new_method_type, i, irtype);
+               }
+               ir_method_type = new_method_type;
+       } else {
+               n_parameters = get_method_n_params(ir_method_type);
        }
+
        ir_node *in[n_parameters];
 
-       argument = call->arguments;
-       int n = 0;
-       for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
+       const call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
+       for(int n = 0; n < n_parameters; ++n) {
                expression_t *expression = argument->expression;
                ir_node      *arg_node   = expression_to_firm(expression);
 
                arg_node = do_strict_conv(dbgi, arg_node);
 
                in[n] = arg_node;
-               if(new_method_type != NULL) {
-                       ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(expression->base.type);
-                       set_method_param_type(new_method_type, n, irtype);
-               }
 
-               n++;
+               argument = argument->next;
        }
-       assert(n == n_parameters);
-
-       if(new_method_type != NULL)
-               ir_method_type = new_method_type;
 
        ir_node  *store = get_store();
        ir_node  *node  = new_d_Call(dbgi, store, callee, n_parameters, in,
@@ -1451,22 +1617,18 @@ static tarval *create_bitfield_mask(ir_mode *mode, int offset, int size)
        return mask1;
 }
 
-static void bitfield_store_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression,
-                                   ir_node *value)
+static void bitfield_store_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
+                                   ir_node *addr, ir_node *value)
 {
-       expression_t *select = expression->value;
-       assert(select->kind == EXPR_SELECT);
-       type_t       *type   = select->base.type;
-       assert(type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
-       ir_mode      *mode   = get_ir_mode(type->bitfield.base_type);
-       ir_node      *addr   = expression_to_addr(select);
+       type_t       *type   = expression->base.type;
+       ir_mode      *mode   = get_ir_mode(type);
 
-       assert(get_irn_mode(value) == mode);
+       assert(get_irn_mode(value) == mode || is_Bad(value));
 
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        /* kill upper bits of value and shift to right position */
-       ir_entity *entity       = select->select.compound_entry->v.entity;
+       ir_entity *entity       = expression->compound_entry->v.entity;
        int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
        ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
        int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
@@ -1506,52 +1668,110 @@ static void set_value_for_expression(const expression_t *expression,
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        value          = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);
 
-       if(expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                const reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;
 
                declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
                assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
-               if(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
+               if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        set_value(declaration->v.value_number, value);
                        return;
                }
        }
 
-       if(expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_BITFIELD_EXTRACT) {
-               bitfield_store_to_firm(&expression->unary, value);
-               return;
-       }
-
        ir_node *addr = expression_to_addr(expression);
        type_t  *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
+
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT) {
+               const select_expression_t *select = &expression->select;
+
+               declaration_t *declaration = select->compound_entry;
+               if (declaration->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       bitfield_store_to_firm(select, addr, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
        assign_value(dbgi, addr, type, value);
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
+static ir_node *bitfield_extract_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
+               ir_node *addr)
 {
-       ir_mode *value_mode = get_irn_mode(value);
+       dbg_info *dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       type_t   *type     = expression->base.type;
+       ir_mode  *mode     = get_ir_mode(type);
+       ir_node  *mem      = get_store();
+       ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode);
+       ir_node  *load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
+       ir_node  *load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
 
-       if (value_mode == dest_mode || is_Bad(value))
-               return value;
+       load_res           = create_conv(dbgi, load_res, mode_int);
 
-       if(dest_mode == mode_b) {
-               ir_node *zero = new_Const(value_mode, get_mode_null(value_mode));
-               ir_node *cmp  = new_d_Cmp(dbgi, value, zero);
-               ir_node *proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cmp, mode_b, pn_Cmp_Lg);
-               return proj;
+       set_store(load_mem);
+
+       /* kill upper bits */
+       ir_entity *entity       = expression->compound_entry->v.entity;
+       int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
+       ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
+       int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
+       long       shift_bitsl  = machine_size - bitoffset - bitsize;
+       assert(shift_bitsl >= 0);
+       tarval    *tvl          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsl, mode_uint);
+       ir_node   *countl       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvl);
+       ir_node   *shiftl       = new_d_Shl(dbgi, load_res, countl, mode_int);
+
+       long       shift_bitsr  = bitoffset + shift_bitsl;
+       assert(shift_bitsr <= (long) machine_size);
+       tarval    *tvr          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsr, mode_uint);
+       ir_node   *countr       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvr);
+       ir_node   *shiftr;
+       if(mode_is_signed(mode)) {
+               shiftr = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
+       } else {
+               shiftr = new_d_Shr(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
        }
 
-       return new_d_Conv(dbgi, value, dest_mode);
+       return create_conv(dbgi, shiftr, mode);
 }
 
+
+
 static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       dbg_info     *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t       *type  = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
-       ir_mode      *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-       expression_t *value = expression->value;
+       dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       const expression_t *value_expr  = expression->value;
+       type_t             *value_type  = skip_typeref(value_expr->base.type);
+       ir_mode            *value_mode  = get_ir_mode(value_type);
+       ir_node            *value_addr;
+       ir_node            *value;
+       int                 value_number;
 
-       ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
+       if (value_expr->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref = &value_expr->reference;
+
+               declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
+               assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
+               if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
+                       value_number = declaration->v.value_number;
+                       value        = get_value(value_number, value_mode);
+                       value_addr   = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       goto need_addr;
+               }
+       } else {
+need_addr:
+               value_addr = expression_to_addr(value_expr);
+               if (value_expr->kind == EXPR_SELECT &&
+                               value_expr->select.compound_entry->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD){
+                       value = bitfield_extract_to_firm(&value_expr->select, value_addr);
+               } else {
+                       value = deref_address(dbgi, value_type, value_addr);
+               }
+       }
+
+       type_t  *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
+       ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
 
        ir_node *offset;
        if(is_type_pointer(type)) {
@@ -1562,31 +1782,41 @@ static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                offset = new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
        }
 
+       ir_node *result;
+       ir_node *store_value;
        switch(expression->base.kind) {
-       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return value_node;
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return value_node;
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return new_value;
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: {
-               ir_node *new_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, offset, mode);
-               set_value_for_expression(value, new_value);
-               return new_value;
-       }
+       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
+               result      = value;
+               store_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               break;
+       case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
+               result      = value;
+               store_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               break;
+       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
+               result      = new_d_Add(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               store_value = result;
+               break;
+       case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
+               result      = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
+               store_value = result;
+               break;
        default:
                panic("no incdec expr in create_incdec");
-               return NULL;
        }
+
+       if (value_addr == NULL) {
+               set_value(value_number, store_value);
+       } else {
+               if (value_expr->kind == EXPR_SELECT &&
+                               value_expr->select.compound_entry->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD){
+                       bitfield_store_to_firm(&value_expr->select, value_addr, store_value);
+               } else {
+                       assign_value(dbgi, value_addr, value_type, store_value);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 static bool is_local_variable(expression_t *expression)
@@ -1704,50 +1934,6 @@ static ir_node *handle_assume(dbg_info *dbi, const expression_t *expression) {
        }
 }
 
-static ir_node *bitfield_extract_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       expression_t *select = expression->value;
-       assert(select->kind == EXPR_SELECT);
-
-       type_t   *type     = select->base.type;
-       assert(type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
-       ir_mode  *mode     = get_ir_mode(type->bitfield.base_type);
-       dbg_info *dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *addr     = expression_to_addr(select);
-       ir_node  *mem      = get_store();
-       ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode);
-       ir_node  *load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
-       ir_node  *load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
-
-       load_res           = create_conv(dbgi, load_res, mode_int);
-
-       set_store(load_mem);
-
-       /* kill upper bits */
-       ir_entity *entity       = select->select.compound_entry->v.entity;
-       int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
-       ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
-       int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
-       long       shift_bitsl  = machine_size - bitoffset - bitsize;
-       assert(shift_bitsl >= 0);
-       tarval    *tvl          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsl, mode_uint);
-       ir_node   *countl       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvl);
-       ir_node   *shiftl       = new_d_Shl(dbgi, load_res, countl, mode_int);
-
-       long       shift_bitsr  = bitoffset + shift_bitsl;
-       assert(shift_bitsr <= (long) machine_size);
-       tarval    *tvr          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsr, mode_uint);
-       ir_node   *countr       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvr);
-       ir_node   *shiftr;
-       if(mode_is_signed(mode)) {
-               shiftr = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
-       } else {
-               shiftr = new_d_Shr(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
-       }
-
-       return create_conv(dbgi, shiftr, mode);
-}
-
 static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
@@ -1772,23 +1958,17 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                return new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: {
-               ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
-               ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-               if(get_irn_mode(value_node) != mode_b) {
-                       value_node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
-               }
-               value_node = new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
-               if(mode != mode_b) {
-                       value_node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
-               }
-               return value_node;
+               ir_node *value_node = _expression_to_firm(value);
+               value_node          = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
+               ir_node *res        = new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
+               return res;
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                type_t  *value_type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
                assert(is_type_pointer(value_type));
                type_t  *points_to  = value_type->pointer.points_to;
-               return deref_address(points_to, value_node, dbgi);
+               return deref_address(dbgi, points_to, value_node);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
@@ -1822,8 +2002,6 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                        return handle_assume(dbgi, value);
                else
                        return NULL;
-       case EXPR_UNARY_BITFIELD_EXTRACT:
-               return bitfield_extract_to_firm(expression);
 
        default:
                break;
@@ -1831,6 +2009,9 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
        panic("invalid UNEXPR type found");
 }
 
+/**
+ * produces a 0/1 depending of the value of a mode_b node
+ */
 static ir_node *produce_condition_result(const expression_t *expression,
                                          dbg_info *dbgi)
 {
@@ -1861,202 +2042,117 @@ static ir_node *produce_condition_result(const expression_t *expression,
        return val;
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *type = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-
-       if(is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
-               long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
-               expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
-               if((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val != 0)
-                               || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val == 0)) {
-                       return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-               } else {
-                       assert((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val == 0)
-                                       || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val != 0));
-                       return new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
-               }
-       }
-
-       return produce_condition_result((const expression_t*) expression, dbgi);
-}
-
-typedef ir_node * (*create_arithmetic_func)(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *left,
-                                            ir_node *right, ir_mode *mode);
-
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_binop(const binary_expression_t *expression,
-                                        create_arithmetic_func func)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       type_t   *type  = expression->right->base.type;
-       /* be careful with the modes, because in arithmetic assign nodes only
-        * the right operand has the mode of the arithmetic already */
-       ir_mode  *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-       left            = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
-       ir_node  *res   = func(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-
-       return res;
-}
-
-static ir_node *pointer_arithmetic(ir_node  *const pointer,
-                                   ir_node  *      integer,
-                                   type_t   *const type,
-                                   dbg_info *const dbgi,
-                                   const create_arithmetic_func func)
+static ir_node *adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbg_info *dbgi,
+               ir_node *value, type_t *type)
 {
        pointer_type_t *const pointer_type = &type->pointer;
        type_t         *const points_to    = pointer_type->points_to;
        const unsigned        elem_size    = get_type_size_const(points_to);
 
        assert(elem_size >= 1);
-       if (elem_size > 1) {
-               integer             = create_conv(dbgi, integer, mode_int);
-               ir_node *const cnst = new_Const_long(mode_int, (long)elem_size);
-               ir_node *const mul  = new_d_Mul(dbgi, integer, cnst, mode_int);
-               integer = mul;
-       }
+       if (elem_size == 1)
+               return value;
 
-       ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-       return func(dbgi, pointer, integer, mode);
+       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode_int);
+       ir_node *const cnst = new_Const_long(mode_int, (long)elem_size);
+       ir_node *const mul  = new_d_Mul(dbgi, value, cnst, mode_int);
+       return mul;
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_assign_binop(
-               const binary_expression_t *expression, create_arithmetic_func func)
+static ir_node *create_op(dbg_info *dbgi, const binary_expression_t *expression,
+                          ir_node *left, ir_node *right)
 {
-       dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
-       ir_node  *value;
-
-       if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
-               ir_node *const pointer = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-               ir_node *      integer = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-               value = pointer_arithmetic(pointer, integer, type, dbgi, func);
-       } else {
-               value = create_arithmetic_binop(expression, func);
-       }
+       ir_mode  *mode;
+       type_t   *type_left  = skip_typeref(expression->left->base.type);
+       type_t   *type_right = skip_typeref(expression->right->base.type);
 
-       ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-       set_value_for_expression(expression->left, value);
-
-       return value;
-}
+       expression_kind_t kind = expression->base.kind;
 
-static ir_node *create_add(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       type_t   *type  = expression->base.type;
+       switch (kind) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
+               mode  = get_irn_mode(left);
+               right = create_conv(dbgi, right, mode_uint);
+               break;
 
-       expression_t *expr_left  = expression->left;
-       expression_t *expr_right = expression->right;
-       type_t       *type_left  = skip_typeref(expr_left->base.type);
-       type_t       *type_right = skip_typeref(expr_right->base.type);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
+               if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+                       const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;
+
+                       mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
+                       ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
+                       ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
+                       ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+                       ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
+                       ir_node *const div       = new_d_DivRL(dbgi, no_mem, sub, conv_size,
+                                                                                                  mode, op_pin_state_floats);
+                       return new_d_Proj(dbgi, div, mode, pn_Div_res);
+               }
+               /* fallthrough */
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
+               if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       right = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, right, type_left);
+                       mode  = get_ir_mode(type_left);
+                       break;
+               }
+               goto normal_node;
 
-       if(is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
-               ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
-               return new_d_Add(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-       }
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
+               if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
+                       right = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, right, type_left);
+                       mode  = get_ir_mode(type_left);
+                       break;
+               } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
+                       left  = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, left, type_right);
+                       mode  = get_ir_mode(type_right);
+                       break;
+               }
+               goto normal_node;
 
-       if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
-               return pointer_arithmetic(left, right, type, dbgi, new_d_Add);
-       } else {
-               assert(is_type_pointer(type_right));
-               return pointer_arithmetic(right, left, type, dbgi, new_d_Add);
+       default:
+normal_node:
+               mode = get_irn_mode(right);
+               left = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
+               break;
        }
-}
 
-static ir_node *create_sub(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *const dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       expression_t *const expr_left  = expression->left;
-       expression_t *const expr_right = expression->right;
-       ir_node      *const left       = expression_to_firm(expr_left);
-       ir_node      *const right      = expression_to_firm(expr_right);
-       type_t       *const type       = expression->base.type;
-       type_t       *const type_left  = skip_typeref(expr_left->base.type);
-       type_t       *const type_right = skip_typeref(expr_right->base.type);
-
-       if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
-               ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
+       switch (kind) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
+               return new_d_Add(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
                return new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-       } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
-               const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;
-
-               ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
-               ir_mode *const mode      = get_ir_mode(type);
-               ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
-               ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-               ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
-               ir_node *const div       = new_d_DivRL(dbgi, no_mem, sub, conv_size, mode,
-                                                      op_pin_state_floats);
-               return new_d_Proj(dbgi, div, mode, pn_Div_res);
-       }
-
-       assert(is_type_pointer(type_left));
-       return pointer_arithmetic(left, right, type_left, dbgi, new_d_Sub);
-}
-
-static ir_node *create_shift(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       type_t   *type  = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-
-       /* firm always wants the shift count to be unsigned */
-       right = create_conv(dbgi, right, mode_uint);
-
-       ir_node *res;
-
-       switch(expression->base.kind) {
-       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
+               return new_d_Mul(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_And(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_Or(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_Eor(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
-               res = new_d_Shl(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-               break;
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
+               return new_d_Shl(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT: {
-                expression_t *expr_left = expression->left;
-                type_t       *type_left = skip_typeref(expr_left->base.type);
-
-                if(is_type_signed(type_left)) {
-                       res = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-                } else {
-                        res = new_d_Shr(dbgi, left, right, mode);
-                }
-                break;
-       }
-       default:
-               panic("create shift op called for non-shift op");
-       }
-
-       return res;
-}
-
-
-static ir_node *create_divmod(const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-       ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
-       ir_node  *pin   = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
-       /* be careful with the modes, because in arithmetic assign nodes only
-        * the right operand has the mode of the arithmetic already */
-       type_t   *type  = expression->right->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
-       left            = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
-       ir_node  *op;
-       ir_node  *res;
-
-       switch (expression->base.kind) {
+               if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
+                       return new_d_Shrs(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+               } else {
+                       return new_d_Shr(dbgi, left, right, mode);
+               }
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: {
+               ir_node *pin = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
+               ir_node *op;
+               ir_node *res;
                if(mode_is_float(mode)) {
                        op  = new_d_Quot(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Quot_res);
@@ -2064,49 +2160,97 @@ static ir_node *create_divmod(const binary_expression_t *expression)
                        op  = new_d_Div(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Div_res);
                }
-               break;
-
+               return res;
+       }
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: {
+               ir_node *pin = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
                assert(!mode_is_float(mode));
-               op  = new_d_Mod(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
-               res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Mod_res);
-               break;
+               ir_node *op  = new_d_Mod(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode,
+                                        op_pin_state_floats);
+               ir_node *res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Mod_res);
+               return res;
+       }
+       default:
+               panic("unexpected expression kind");
+       }
+}
+
+static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
+{
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       type_t   *type = expression->base.type;
+       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
 
-       default: panic("unexpected binary expression type in create_divmod()");
+       if(is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
+               long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
+               expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
+               if((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val != 0)
+                               || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val == 0)) {
+                       return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+               } else {
+                       assert((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val == 0)
+                                       || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val != 0));
+                       return new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
+               }
        }
 
-       return res;
+       return produce_condition_result((const expression_t*) expression, dbgi);
 }
 
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_assign_divmod(
-               const binary_expression_t *expression)
+typedef ir_node * (*create_arithmetic_func)(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *left,
+                                            ir_node *right, ir_mode *mode);
+
+static ir_node *create_assign_binop(const binary_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_node  *      value = create_divmod(expression);
-       dbg_info *const dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *const type  = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *const mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
+       dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       const expression_t *left_expr  = expression->left;
+       ir_mode            *left_mode  = get_ir_mode(left_expr->base.type);
+       type_t             *left_type  = skip_typeref(left_expr->base.type);
+       ir_node            *left_addr;
+       int                 value_number;
+       ir_node            *left;
 
-       assert(type->kind != TYPE_POINTER);
+       if (left_expr->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
+               const reference_expression_t *ref = &left_expr->reference;
 
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-       set_value_for_expression(expression->left, value);
+               declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
+               assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
+               if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
+                       value_number       = declaration->v.value_number;
+                       left               = get_value(value_number, left_mode);
+                       left_addr          = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       goto need_addr;
+               }
+       } else {
+need_addr:
+               left_addr = expression_to_addr(left_expr);
+               if (left_expr->kind == EXPR_SELECT &&
+                               left_expr->select.compound_entry->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       left = bitfield_extract_to_firm(&left_expr->select, left_addr);
+               } else {
+                       left = deref_address(dbgi, left_type, left_addr);
+               }
+       }
 
-       return value;
-}
+       ir_node *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
 
-static ir_node *create_arithmetic_assign_shift(
-               const binary_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       ir_node  *      value = create_shift(expression);
-       dbg_info *const dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *const type  = expression->base.type;
-       ir_mode  *const mode  = get_ir_mode(type);
+       ir_node *result = create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);
 
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-       set_value_for_expression(expression->left, value);
+       result = create_conv(dbgi, result, left_mode);
+       if (left_addr == NULL) {
+               set_value(value_number, result);
+       } else {
+               if (left_expr->kind == EXPR_SELECT &&
+                               left_expr->select.compound_entry->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       bitfield_store_to_firm(&left_expr->select, left_addr, result);
+               } else {
+                       assign_value(dbgi, left_addr, left_type, result);
+               }
+       }
 
-       return value;
+       return result;
 }
 
 static ir_node *binary_expression_to_firm(const binary_expression_t *expression)
@@ -2141,49 +2285,42 @@ static ir_node *binary_expression_to_firm(const binary_expression_t *expression)
                return right;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
-               return create_add(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
-               return create_sub(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_Mul);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_And);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_Or);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
-               return create_arithmetic_binop(expression, new_d_Eor);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
-               return create_shift(expression);
-       case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
-               return create_divmod(expression);
+       {
+               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+               ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
+               ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+               return create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);
+       }
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
                return create_lazy_op(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
-               expression_to_firm(expression->left);
-               return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+               /* create side effects of left side */
+               (void) expression_to_firm(expression->left);
+               return _expression_to_firm(expression->right);
+
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Add);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Sub);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Mul);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_divmod(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_And);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Or);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_binop(expression, new_d_Eor);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
-               return create_arithmetic_assign_shift(expression);
+               return create_assign_binop(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
-               return expression_to_firm(expression->left);
+               return _expression_to_firm(expression->left);
        default:
                panic("TODO binexpr type");
        }
@@ -2194,15 +2331,22 @@ static ir_node *array_access_addr(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
        dbg_info *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *base_addr = expression_to_firm(expression->array_ref);
        ir_node  *offset    = expression_to_firm(expression->index);
-       offset              = create_conv(dbgi, offset, mode_uint);
+
+       /* Matze: it would be better to force mode to mode_uint as this creates more
+        * opportunities for CSE. Unforunately we still have some optimisations that
+        * are too conservative in the presence of convs. So we better go with the
+        * mode of offset and avoid the conv */
+       ir_mode  *mode = get_irn_mode(offset);
+       offset         = create_conv(dbgi, offset, mode);
 
        type_t *ref_type = skip_typeref(expression->array_ref->base.type);
        assert(is_type_pointer(ref_type));
        pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &ref_type->pointer;
 
        ir_node *elem_size_const = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
+       elem_size_const          = create_conv(dbgi, elem_size_const, mode);
        ir_node *real_offset     = new_d_Mul(dbgi, offset, elem_size_const,
-                                            mode_uint);
+                                            mode);
        ir_node *result          = new_d_Add(dbgi, base_addr, real_offset, mode_P_data);
 
        return result;
@@ -2217,7 +2361,7 @@ static ir_node *array_access_to_firm(
                        (const expression_t*) expression);
        type             = skip_typeref(type);
 
-       return deref_address(type, addr, dbgi);
+       return deref_address(dbgi, type, addr);
 }
 
 static long get_offsetof_offset(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
@@ -2289,7 +2433,7 @@ static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
        /* create an entity on the stack */
        ir_type *frame_type = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
 
-       ident     *const id     = unique_ident("CompLit");
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique("CompLit.%u");
        ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(frame_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
@@ -2352,9 +2496,14 @@ static ir_node *alignof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
        return new_SymConst(mode, sym, symconst_type_align);
 }
 
+static bool constant_folding;
+
 static void init_ir_types(void);
 long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
 {
+       bool constant_folding_old = constant_folding;
+       constant_folding = true;
+
        init_ir_types();
 
        assert(is_constant_expression(expression));
@@ -2376,6 +2525,8 @@ long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
                panic("result of constant folding is not integer\n");
        }
 
+       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
+
        return get_tarval_long(tv);
 }
 
@@ -2431,12 +2582,22 @@ static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
        return val;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns an IR-node representing the address of a field.
+ */
 static ir_node *select_addr(const select_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        ir_node *compound_addr = expression_to_firm(expression->compound);
 
+       /* make sure the type is constructed */
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type);
+       if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
+               type = type->pointer.points_to;
+       }
+       (void) get_ir_type(type);
+
        declaration_t *entry = expression->compound_entry;
        assert(entry->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
        ir_entity     *entity = entry->v.entity;
@@ -2450,13 +2611,20 @@ static ir_node *select_addr(const select_expression_t *expression)
 
 static ir_node *select_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       dbg_info *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *addr   = select_addr(expression);
-       type_t   *type   = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       ir_node  *addr = select_addr(expression);
+       type_t   *type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
                        (const expression_t*) expression);
-       type             = skip_typeref(type);
+       type           = skip_typeref(type);
 
-       return deref_address(type, addr, dbgi);
+       declaration_t *entry      = expression->compound_entry;
+       type_t        *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
+
+       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+               return bitfield_extract_to_firm(expression, addr);
+       }
+
+       return deref_address(dbgi, type, addr);
 }
 
 /* Values returned by __builtin_classify_type. */
@@ -2493,7 +2661,7 @@ static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const ex
        {
                case TYPE_ATOMIC: {
                        const atomic_type_t *const atomic_type = &type->atomic;
-                       switch ((atomic_type_kind_t) atomic_type->akind) {
+                       switch (atomic_type->akind) {
                                /* should not be reached */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID:
                                        tc = no_type_class;
@@ -2524,21 +2692,12 @@ static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const ex
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE:
                                        tc = real_type_class;
                                        goto make_const;
-
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_COMPLEX:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE_COMPLEX:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX:
-                                       tc = complex_type_class;
-                                       goto make_const;
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT_IMAGINARY:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE_IMAGINARY:
-                               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE_IMAGINARY:
-                                       tc = complex_type_class;
-                                       goto make_const;
                        }
                        panic("Unexpected atomic type in classify_type_to_firm().");
                }
 
+               case TYPE_COMPLEX:         tc = complex_type_class; goto make_const;
+               case TYPE_IMAGINARY:       tc = complex_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_BITFIELD:        tc = integer_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_ARRAY:           /* gcc handles this as pointer */
                case TYPE_FUNCTION:        /* gcc handles this as pointer */
@@ -2577,7 +2736,7 @@ static ir_node *function_name_to_firm(
                        const source_position_t *const src_pos = &expr->base.source_position;
                        const char *const name = current_function_decl->symbol->string;
                        const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
-                       current_function_name = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__func__", &string);
+                       current_function_name = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__func__.%u", &string);
                }
                return current_function_name;
        case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:
@@ -2586,7 +2745,7 @@ static ir_node *function_name_to_firm(
                        ir_entity *ent = get_irg_entity(current_ir_graph);
                        const char *const name = get_entity_ld_name(ent);
                        const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
-                       current_funcsig = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__FUNCSIG__", &string);
+                       current_funcsig = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__FUNCSIG__.%u", &string);
                }
                return current_funcsig;
        }
@@ -2622,13 +2781,13 @@ static ir_node *va_start_expression_to_firm(
 
 static ir_node *va_arg_expression_to_firm(const va_arg_expression_t *const expr)
 {
-       type_t   *const type   = expr->base.type;
-       ir_node  *const ap     = expression_to_firm(expr->ap);
-       dbg_info *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
-       ir_node  *const res    = deref_address(type, ap, dbgi);
+       type_t   *const type = expr->base.type;
+       ir_node  *const ap   = expression_to_firm(expr->ap);
+       dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
+       ir_node  *const res  = deref_address(dbgi, type, ap);
 
-       ir_node  *const cnst   = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
-       ir_node  *const add    = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, cnst, mode_P_data);
+       ir_node  *const cnst = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
+       ir_node  *const add  = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, cnst, mode_P_data);
        set_value_for_expression(expr->ap, add);
 
        return res;
@@ -2640,6 +2799,9 @@ static ir_node *dereference_addr(const unary_expression_t *const expression)
        return expression_to_firm(expression->value);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns a IR-node representing an lvalue of the given expression.
+ */
 static ir_node *expression_to_addr(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        switch(expression->kind) {
@@ -2683,8 +2845,20 @@ static ir_node *builtin_prefetch_to_firm(
        return NULL;
 }
 
+/**
+ * creates firm nodes for an expression. The difference between this function
+ * and expression_to_firm is, that this version might produce mode_b nodes
+ * instead of mode_Is.
+ */
 static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
 {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+       if (!constant_folding) {
+               assert(!expression->base.transformed);
+               ((expression_t*) expression)->base.transformed = true;
+       }
+#endif
+
        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
                return character_constant_to_firm(&expression->conste);
@@ -2742,26 +2916,54 @@ static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
        panic("invalid expression found");
 }
 
+static bool produces_mode_b(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       switch (expression->kind) {
+       case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
+       case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
+               return true;
+
+       case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
+               return produces_mode_b(expression->binary.left);
+
+       default:
+               return false;
+       }
+}
+
 static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_node *res = _expression_to_firm(expression);
+       if (!produces_mode_b(expression)) {
+               ir_node *res = _expression_to_firm(expression);
+               assert(res == NULL || get_irn_mode(res) != mode_b);
+               return res;
+       }
 
-       if(res != NULL && get_irn_mode(res) == mode_b) {
+       if (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
+               ir_node *res  = _expression_to_firm(expression);
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
-               if(is_Const(res)) {
-                       if(is_Const_null(res)) {
-                               return new_Const_long(mode, 0);
-                       } else {
-                               assert(is_Const_one(res));
-                               return new_Const_long(mode, 1);
-                       }
+               assert(is_Const(res));
+               if (is_Const_null(res)) {
+                       return new_Const_long(mode, 0);
+               } else {
+                       return new_Const_long(mode, 1);
                }
-
-               dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
-               return produce_condition_result(expression, dbgi);
        }
 
-       return res;
+       /* we have to produce a 0/1 from the mode_b expression */
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       return produce_condition_result(expression, dbgi);
 }
 
 static ir_node *expression_to_modeb(const expression_t *expression)
@@ -2855,11 +3057,11 @@ static void create_declaration_entity(declaration_t *declaration,
        ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
 
        declaration->declaration_kind = (unsigned char) declaration_kind;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
        if(parent_type == get_tls_type())
                set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_automatic);
        else if(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE)
@@ -3118,6 +3320,9 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
 static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_value(
                const initializer_value_t *initializer)
 {
+       if (is_type_compound(initializer->value->base.type)) {
+               panic("initializer creation for compounds not implemented yet");
+       }
        ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer->value);
        return create_initializer_const(value);
 }
@@ -3191,7 +3396,7 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_string(
                if(i < string_len)
                        c = string[i];
 
-               tarval           *tv = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+               tarval           *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
 
                set_initializer_compound_value(irinitializer, i, char_initializer);
@@ -3216,7 +3421,7 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_wide_string(
                if(i < string_len) {
                        c = string[i];
                }
-               tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+               tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
 
                set_initializer_compound_value(irinitializer, i, char_initializer);
@@ -3249,27 +3454,9 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
 }
 
 static void create_dynamic_null_initializer(ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi,
-                                            ir_node *base_addr)
-{
-       ir_mode *mode = get_type_mode(type);
-       tarval  *zero = get_mode_null(mode);
-       ir_node *cnst = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, zero);
-
-       /* TODO: bitfields */
-       ir_node *mem    = get_store();
-       ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst);
-       ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
-       set_store(proj_m);
-}
-
-static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
-               ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *base_addr)
+               ir_node *base_addr)
 {
-       switch(get_initializer_kind(initializer)) {
-       case IR_INITIALIZER_NULL: {
-               /* TODO: implement this for compound types... */
-               assert(type != NULL);
-
+       if (is_atomic_type(type)) {
                ir_mode *mode = get_type_mode(type);
                tarval  *zero = get_mode_null(mode);
                ir_node *cnst = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, zero);
@@ -3279,6 +3466,45 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
+       } else {
+               assert(is_compound_type(type));
+
+               int n_members;
+               if(is_Array_type(type)) {
+                       assert(has_array_upper_bound(type, 0));
+                       n_members = get_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0);
+               } else {
+                       n_members = get_compound_n_members(type);
+               }
+
+               for(int i = 0; i < n_members; ++i) {
+                       ir_node *addr;
+                       ir_type *irtype;
+                       if(is_Array_type(type)) {
+                               ir_entity *entity   = get_array_element_entity(type);
+                               tarval    *index_tv = new_tarval_from_long(i, mode_uint);
+                               ir_node   *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, index_tv);
+                               ir_node   *in[1]    = { cnst };
+                               irtype = get_array_element_type(type);
+                               addr   = new_d_Sel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, 1, in, entity);
+                       } else {
+                               ir_entity *member = get_compound_member(type, i);
+
+                               irtype = get_entity_type(member);
+                               addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, member);
+                       }
+
+                       create_dynamic_null_initializer(irtype, dbgi, addr);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
+               ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *base_addr)
+{
+       switch(get_initializer_kind(initializer)) {
+       case IR_INITIALIZER_NULL: {
+               create_dynamic_null_initializer(type, dbgi, base_addr);
                return;
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_CONST: {
@@ -3394,7 +3620,7 @@ static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
        current_ir_graph = old_current_ir_graph;
 
        /* create a "template" entity which is copied to the entity on the stack */
-       ident     *const id          = unique_ident("initializer");
+       ident     *const id          = id_unique("initializer.%u");
        ir_type   *const irtype      = get_ir_type(type);
        ir_type   *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_entity *const init_entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
@@ -3437,8 +3663,11 @@ static void create_declaration_initializer(declaration_t *declaration)
 
        if(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                initializer_value_t *initializer_value = &initializer->value;
+               dbg_info            *dbgi
+                       = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
 
                ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer_value->value);
+               value = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);
 
                if(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        set_value(declaration->v.value_number, value);
@@ -3520,8 +3749,6 @@ static void create_local_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
                set_irg_loc_description(current_ir_graph, next_value_number_function, declaration);
                ++next_value_number_function;
        }
-
-       create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
 }
 
 static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
@@ -3530,11 +3757,15 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
 
        type_t    *const type        = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
        ir_type   *const global_type = get_glob_type();
-       ident     *const id          = unique_ident(declaration->symbol->string);
        ir_type   *const irtype      = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
+
+       size_t l = strlen(declaration->symbol->string);
+       char   buf[l + sizeof(".%u")];
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%%u", declaration->symbol->string);
+       ident     *const id = id_unique(buf);
+
        ir_entity *const entity      = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
 
        if(type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                set_entity_volatility(entity, volatility_is_volatile);
@@ -3542,6 +3773,7 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
 
        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
        set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
@@ -3612,11 +3844,14 @@ static ir_node *expression_statement_to_firm(expression_statement_t *statement)
 
 static ir_node *compound_statement_to_firm(compound_statement_t *compound)
 {
+       declaration_t *declaration = compound->scope.declarations;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
+               create_local_declaration(declaration);
+       }
+
        ir_node     *result    = NULL;
        statement_t *statement = compound->statements;
        for( ; statement != NULL; statement = statement->base.next) {
-               //context2firm(&statement->scope);
-
                if(statement->base.next == NULL
                                && statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
                        result = expression_statement_to_firm(
@@ -3685,8 +3920,13 @@ create_var:
 
 static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
-       if(declaration->symbol == NULL)
+       if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                return;
+       /* construct type */
+       (void) get_ir_type(declaration->type);
+       if (declaration->symbol == NULL) {
+               return;
+       }
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
 
@@ -3712,15 +3952,48 @@ static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
                }
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY:
+               /* should already be handled */
+               assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY);
+               return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
+               declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE;
+               return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC:
-               return;
+               break;
        }
        panic("invalid storage class found");
 }
 
+static void initialize_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
+{
+       if(declaration->symbol == NULL || declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
+               return;
+
+       switch ((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
+               create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
+               return;
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY:
+               return;
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
+               panic("can't initialize unknwon declaration");
+       }
+       panic("invalid declaration kind");
+}
+
 static void declaration_statement_to_firm(declaration_statement_t *statement)
 {
        declaration_t *declaration = statement->declarations_begin;
@@ -3728,7 +4001,7 @@ static void declaration_statement_to_firm(declaration_statement_t *statement)
        for( ; declaration != end; declaration = declaration->next) {
                if(declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
-               create_local_declaration(declaration);
+               initialize_local_declaration(declaration);
        }
 }
 
@@ -3736,47 +4009,58 @@ static void if_statement_to_firm(if_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();
 
-       ir_node *fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
+       ir_node *fallthrough_block = NULL;
 
        /* the true (blocks) */
-       ir_node *true_block;
+       ir_node *true_block = NULL;
        if (statement->true_statement != NULL) {
                true_block = new_immBlock();
                statement_to_firm(statement->true_statement);
-               if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
+                       if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
+                               fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        add_immBlock_pred(fallthrough_block, jmp);
                }
-       } else {
-               true_block = fallthrough_block;
        }
 
        /* the false (blocks) */
-       ir_node *false_block;
-       if(statement->false_statement != NULL) {
+       ir_node *false_block = NULL;
+       if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
                false_block = new_immBlock();
 
                statement_to_firm(statement->false_statement);
-               if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
+                       if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
+                               fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        add_immBlock_pred(fallthrough_block, jmp);
                }
-       } else {
-               false_block = fallthrough_block;
        }
 
        /* create the condition */
-       if(cur_block != NULL) {
+       if (cur_block != NULL) {
+               if (true_block == NULL || false_block == NULL) {
+                       if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
+                               fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
+                       if (true_block == NULL)
+                               true_block = fallthrough_block;
+                       if (false_block == NULL)
+                               false_block = fallthrough_block;
+               }
+
                set_cur_block(cur_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, true_block,
                                            false_block);
        }
 
        mature_immBlock(true_block);
-       if(false_block != fallthrough_block) {
+       if (false_block != fallthrough_block) {
                mature_immBlock(false_block);
        }
-       mature_immBlock(fallthrough_block);
+       if (fallthrough_block != NULL) {
+               mature_immBlock(fallthrough_block);
+       }
 
        set_cur_block(fallthrough_block);
 }
@@ -3890,17 +4174,22 @@ static void do_while_statement_to_firm(do_while_statement_t *statement)
 static void for_statement_to_firm(for_statement_t *statement)
 {
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;
+
+       /* create declarations */
+       declaration_t *declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
+               create_local_declaration(declaration);
+       }
+       declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
+       for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
+               initialize_local_declaration(declaration);
+       }
+
        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                if(statement->initialisation != NULL) {
                        expression_to_firm(statement->initialisation);
                }
 
-               /* create declarations */
-               declaration_t *declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
-               for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
-                       create_local_declaration(declaration);
-               }
-
                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }
 
@@ -3979,46 +4268,57 @@ static void create_jump_statement(const statement_t *statement,
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 }
 
+static ir_node *get_break_label(void)
+{
+       if (break_label == NULL) {
+               ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();
+               break_label = new_immBlock();
+               set_cur_block(cur_block);
+       }
+       return break_label;
+}
+
 static void switch_statement_to_firm(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
 
        ir_node *expression  = expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
        ir_node *cond        = new_d_Cond(dbgi, expression);
-       ir_node *break_block = new_immBlock();
 
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 
        ir_node *const old_switch_cond       = current_switch_cond;
        ir_node *const old_break_label       = break_label;
        const bool     old_saw_default_label = saw_default_label;
+       saw_default_label                    = false;
        current_switch_cond                  = cond;
-       break_label                          = break_block;
+       break_label                          = NULL;
 
        if (statement->body != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->body);
        }
 
-       if(get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
-               add_immBlock_pred(break_block, jmp);
+               add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), jmp);
        }
 
        if (!saw_default_label) {
                set_cur_block(get_nodes_block(cond));
                ir_node *const proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, cond,
                                                        MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER);
-               add_immBlock_pred(break_block, proj);
+               add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), proj);
+       }
+
+       if (break_label != NULL) {
+               mature_immBlock(break_label);
        }
+       set_cur_block(break_label);
 
        assert(current_switch_cond == cond);
-       assert(break_label         == break_block);
        current_switch_cond = old_switch_cond;
        break_label         = old_break_label;
        saw_default_label   = old_saw_default_label;
-
-       mature_immBlock(break_block);
-       set_cur_block(break_block);
 }
 
 static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
@@ -4224,8 +4524,16 @@ static void      leave_statement_to_firm(leave_statement_t *statement) {
        errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "__leave not supported yet");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transform a statement.
+ */
 static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement)
 {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+       assert(!statement->base.transformed);
+       statement->base.transformed = true;
+#endif
+
        switch(statement->kind) {
        case STATEMENT_INVALID:
                panic("invalid statement found");
@@ -4255,7 +4563,7 @@ static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement)
                declaration_statement_to_firm(&statement->declaration);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_BREAK:
-               create_jump_statement(statement, break_label);
+               create_jump_statement(statement, get_break_label());
                return;
        case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
                create_jump_statement(statement, continue_label);
@@ -4604,6 +4912,9 @@ static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg, decl_modifiers_t decl_mod
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Create code for a function.
+ */
 static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
 {
        ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(declaration);
@@ -4620,12 +4931,17 @@ static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
 
        int       n_local_vars = get_function_n_local_vars(declaration);
        ir_graph *irg          = new_ir_graph(function_entity, n_local_vars);
-       ir_node  *first_block  = get_cur_block();
+
+       set_irg_fp_model(irg, firm_opt.fp_model);
+       tarval_enable_fp_ops((firm_opt.fp_model & fp_strict_algebraic) == 0);
+       set_irn_dbg_info(get_irg_start_block(irg), get_entity_dbg_info(function_entity));
+
+       ir_node *first_block = get_cur_block();
 
        /* set inline flags */
        if (declaration->is_inline)
-       set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_recomended);
-    handle_decl_modifier_irg(irg, declaration->modifiers);
+               set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_recomended);
+       handle_decl_modifier_irg(irg, declaration->decl_modifiers);
 
        next_value_number_function = 0;
        initialize_function_parameters(declaration);
@@ -4659,6 +4975,11 @@ static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
                                in[0] = new_Const(mode, get_mode_null(mode));
                        } else {
                                in[0] = new_Unknown(mode);
+                               if(warning.return_type) {
+                                       warningf(&declaration->source_position,
+                                               "missing return statement at end of non-void function '%Y'",
+                                               declaration->symbol);
+                               }
                        }
                        ret = new_Return(get_store(), 1, in);
                }
@@ -4754,9 +5075,30 @@ void init_ast2firm(void)
        obstack_init(&asm_obst);
        init_atomic_modes();
 
+       id_underscore = new_id_from_chars("_", 1);
+       id_imp        = new_id_from_chars("__imp_", 6);
+
+       /* OS option must be set to the backend */
+       const char *s = "ia32-gasmode=linux";
+       switch (firm_opt.os_support) {
+       case OS_SUPPORT_MINGW:
+               create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_win32;
+               s = "ia32-gasmode=mingw";
+               break;
+       case OS_SUPPORT_LINUX:
+               create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_linux_elf;
+               s = "ia32-gasmode=linux"; break;
+               break;
+       case OS_SUPPORT_MACHO:
+               create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_macho;
+               s = "ia32-gasmode=macho"; break;
+               break;
+       }
+       firm_be_option(s);
+
        /* create idents for all known runtime functions */
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
-               predef_idents[rts_data[i].id] = new_id_from_str(rts_data[i].name);
+               rts_idents[i] = new_id_from_str(rts_data[i].name);
        }
 }