another iteration of the struct layout code
[cparser] / ast2firm.c
index 7922661..accf196 100644 (file)
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "adt/error.h"
 #include "adt/array.h"
+#include "adt/util.h"
 #include "symbol_t.h"
 #include "token_t.h"
 #include "type_t.h"
 #include "driver/firm_opt.h"
 #include "driver/firm_cmdline.h"
 
+typedef struct trampoline_region trampoline_region;
+struct trampoline_region {
+       ir_entity        *function;    /**< The function that is called by this trampoline */
+       ir_entity        *region;      /**< created region for the trampoline */
+};
+
+static const backend_params *be_params;
+
+static ir_type *ir_type_char;
 static ir_type *ir_type_const_char;
 static ir_type *ir_type_wchar_t;
 static ir_type *ir_type_void;
@@ -57,6 +67,9 @@ static ir_type *ir_type_int;
 /* architecture specific floating point arithmetic mode (if any) */
 static ir_mode *mode_float_arithmetic;
 
+/* alignment of stack parameters */
+static unsigned stack_param_align;
+
 static int        next_value_number_function;
 static ir_node   *continue_label;
 static ir_node   *break_label;
@@ -75,6 +88,10 @@ static ir_node            *current_funcsig;
 static switch_statement_t *current_switch;
 static ir_graph           *current_function;
 static translation_unit_t *current_translation_unit;
+static trampoline_region  *current_trampolines;
+static ir_type            *current_outer_frame;
+static ir_type            *current_outer_value_type;
+static ir_node            *current_static_link;
 
 static entitymap_t  entitymap;
 
@@ -105,21 +122,11 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type);
 
 static void enqueue_inner_function(entity_t *entity)
 {
+       if (inner_functions == NULL)
+               inner_functions = NEW_ARR_F(entity_t *, 0);
        ARR_APP1(entity_t*, inner_functions, entity);
 }
 
-static entity_t *next_inner_function(void)
-{
-       int len = ARR_LEN(inner_functions);
-       if (len == 0)
-               return NULL;
-
-       entity_t *entity = inner_functions[len-1];
-       ARR_SHRINKLEN(inner_functions, len-1);
-
-       return entity;
-}
-
 ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
 {
        const entity_t *entity = get_irg_loc_description(irg, pos);
@@ -240,55 +247,6 @@ ir_mode *get_atomic_mode(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
        return atomic_modes[kind];
 }
 
-static unsigned get_compound_type_size(compound_type_t *type)
-{
-       ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type((type_t*) type);
-       return get_type_size_bytes(irtype);
-}
-
-static unsigned get_array_type_size(array_type_t *type)
-{
-       assert(!type->is_vla);
-       ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type((type_t*) type);
-       return get_type_size_bytes(irtype);
-}
-
-static unsigned get_type_size_const(type_t *type)
-{
-       switch(type->kind) {
-       case TYPE_ERROR:
-               panic("error type occurred");
-       case TYPE_ATOMIC:
-               return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind);
-       case TYPE_COMPLEX:
-               return 2 * get_atomic_type_size(type->complex.akind);
-       case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
-               return get_atomic_type_size(type->imaginary.akind);
-       case TYPE_ENUM:
-               return get_atomic_type_size(type->enumt.akind);
-       case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-       case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               return get_compound_type_size(&type->compound);
-       case TYPE_FUNCTION:
-               /* just a pointer to the function */
-               return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_P_code);
-       case TYPE_POINTER:
-       case TYPE_REFERENCE:
-               return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_P_data);
-       case TYPE_ARRAY:
-               return get_array_type_size(&type->array);
-       case TYPE_BUILTIN:
-               return get_type_size_const(type->builtin.real_type);
-       case TYPE_BITFIELD:
-               panic("type size of bitfield request");
-       case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
-       case TYPE_TYPEOF:
-       case TYPE_INVALID:
-               break;
-       }
-       panic("Trying to determine size of invalid type");
-}
-
 static ir_node *get_vla_size(array_type_t *const type)
 {
        ir_node *size_node = type->size_node;
@@ -299,13 +257,16 @@ static ir_node *get_vla_size(array_type_t *const type)
        return size_node;
 }
 
-static ir_node *get_type_size(type_t *type)
+/**
+ * Return a node representing the size of a type.
+ */
+static ir_node *get_type_size_node(type_t *type)
 {
        type = skip_typeref(type);
 
        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla) {
                ir_node *size_node = get_vla_size(&type->array);
-               ir_node *elem_size = get_type_size(type->array.element_type);
+               ir_node *elem_size = get_type_size_node(type->array.element_type);
                ir_mode *mode      = get_irn_mode(size_node);
                ir_node *real_size = new_d_Mul(NULL, size_node, elem_size, mode);
                return real_size;
@@ -329,28 +290,15 @@ static unsigned count_parameters(const function_type_t *function_type)
        return count;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_aligned_type(type_t *type, int alignment)
-{
-       if (alignment == 0)
-               return type;
-
-       type = skip_typeref(type);
-       if (alignment > type->base.alignment) {
-               type_t *copy         = duplicate_type(type);
-               copy->base.alignment = alignment;
-               type                 = identify_new_type(copy);
-       }
-       return type;
-}
-
 /**
  * Creates a Firm type for an atomic type
  */
-static ir_type *create_atomic_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, int alignment)
+static ir_type *create_atomic_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind)
 {
-       ir_mode            *mode   = atomic_modes[akind];
-       ident              *id     = get_mode_ident(mode);
-       ir_type            *irtype = new_type_primitive(id, mode);
+       ir_mode        *mode      = atomic_modes[akind];
+       ident          *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
+       ir_type        *irtype    = new_type_primitive(id, mode);
+       il_alignment_t  alignment = get_atomic_type_alignment(akind);
 
        set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, alignment);
 
@@ -375,14 +323,15 @@ static ir_type *create_complex_type(const complex_type_t *type)
 /**
  * Creates a Firm type for an imaginary type
  */
-static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
+static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(imaginary_type_t *type)
 {
        atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
        ir_mode            *mode      = atomic_modes[kind];
        ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
        ir_type            *irtype    = new_type_primitive(id, mode);
+       il_alignment_t      alignment = get_type_alignment((type_t*) type);
 
-       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, alignment);
 
        return irtype;
 }
@@ -391,10 +340,11 @@ static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
  * return type of a parameter (and take transparent union gnu extension into
  * account)
  */
-static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *type)
+static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *orig_type)
 {
-       type = skip_typeref(type);
-       if (type->base.modifiers & TYPE_MODIFIER_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (is_type_union(type)
+                       && get_type_modifiers(orig_type) & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
                compound_t *compound = type->compound.compound;
                type                 = compound->members.entities->declaration.type;
        }
@@ -402,12 +352,12 @@ static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *type)
        return type;
 }
 
-static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
+static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type, bool for_closure)
 {
        type_t  *return_type  = skip_typeref(function_type->return_type);
 
        ident   *id           = id_unique("functiontype.%u");
-       int      n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type);
+       int      n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type) + (for_closure ? 1 : 0);
        int      n_results    = return_type == type_void ? 0 : 1;
        ir_type *irtype       = new_type_method(id, n_parameters, n_results);
 
@@ -418,6 +368,11 @@ static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
 
        function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
        int                   n         = 0;
+       if (for_closure) {
+               ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(type_void_ptr);
+               set_method_param_type(irtype, n, p_irtype);
+               ++n;
+       }
        for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
                type_t  *type     = get_parameter_type(parameter->type);
                ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(type);
@@ -457,6 +412,9 @@ is_cdecl:
                break;
        }
 
+       if (for_closure)
+               set_method_calling_convention(irtype, get_method_calling_convention(irtype) | cc_this_call);
+
        return irtype;
 }
 
@@ -605,13 +563,8 @@ enum {
 
 /**
  * Construct firm type from ast struct type.
- *
- * As anonymous inner structs get flattened to a single firm type, we might get
- * irtype, outer_offset and out_align passed (they represent the position of
- * the anonymous inner struct inside the resulting firm struct)
  */
-static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                     size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align,
+static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type,
                                      bool incomplete, bool is_union)
 {
        compound_t *compound = type->compound;
@@ -620,41 +573,38 @@ static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                return compound->irtype;
        }
 
-       size_t align_all  = 1;
-       size_t offset     = 0;
-       size_t bit_offset = 0;
-       size_t size       = 0;
-
-       if (irtype == NULL) {
-               symbol_t *symbol = compound->base.symbol;
-               ident    *id;
-               if (symbol != NULL) {
-                       id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       if (is_union) {
-                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
-                       } else {
-                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
-                       }
-               }
-               dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&compound->base.source_position);
-
+       symbol_t *symbol = compound->base.symbol;
+       ident    *id;
+       if (symbol != NULL) {
+               id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
+       } else {
                if (is_union) {
-                       irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
+                       id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
                } else {
-                       irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
+                       id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
                }
+       }
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&compound->base.source_position);
 
-               compound->irtype_complete = false;
-               compound->irtype          = irtype;
+       ir_type *irtype;
+       if (is_union) {
+               irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
        } else {
-               offset    = *outer_offset;
-               align_all = *outer_align;
+               irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
        }
 
+       compound->irtype_complete = false;
+       compound->irtype          = irtype;
+
        if (incomplete)
                return irtype;
 
+       if (is_union) {
+               layout_union_type(type);
+       } else {
+               layout_struct_type(type);
+       }
+
        compound->irtype_complete = true;
 
        entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
@@ -662,130 +612,37 @@ static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                if (entry->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
                        continue;
 
-               size_t prev_offset = offset;
-
                symbol_t *symbol     = entry->base.symbol;
-               type_t   *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
-               entry_type
-                       = get_aligned_type(entry_type, entry->compound_member.alignment);
-               dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->base.source_position);
-
+               type_t   *entry_type = entry->declaration.type;
                ident    *ident;
-               if (symbol != NULL) {
-                       ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
-                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
-                               goto finished_member;
-                       } else if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
-                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
-                               goto finished_member;
-                       } else {
-                               assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
-                       }
+               if (symbol == NULL) {
+                       /* anonymous bitfield member, skip */
+                       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD)
+                               continue;
+                       assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
+                                       || entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
                        ident = id_unique("anon.%u");
-               }
-
-               ir_type *base_irtype;
-               if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
-                       base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type->bitfield.base_type);
                } else {
-                       base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
+                       ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                }
 
-               size_t entry_alignment = get_type_alignment_bytes(base_irtype);
-               size_t misalign        = offset % entry_alignment;
+               dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->base.source_position);
 
                ir_type   *entry_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
                ir_entity *entity = new_d_entity(irtype, ident, entry_irtype, dbgi);
 
-               size_t base;
-               size_t bits_remainder;
-               if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
-                       size_t size_bits      = entry_type->bitfield.bit_size;
-                       size_t rest_size_bits = (entry_alignment - misalign)*8 - bit_offset;
-
-                       if (size_bits > rest_size_bits) {
-                               /* start a new bucket */
-                               offset     += entry_alignment - misalign;
-                               bit_offset  = 0;
-
-                               base           = offset;
-                               bits_remainder = 0;
-                       } else {
-                               /* put into current bucket */
-                               base           = offset - misalign;
-                               bits_remainder = misalign * 8 + bit_offset;
-                       }
-
-                       offset     += size_bits / 8;
-                       bit_offset  = bit_offset + (size_bits % 8);
-               } else {
-                       size_t entry_size = get_type_size_bytes(base_irtype);
-                       if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0)
-                               offset += entry_alignment - misalign;
-
-                       base           = offset;
-                       bits_remainder = 0;
-                       offset        += entry_size;
-                       bit_offset     = 0;
-               }
-
-               if (entry_alignment > align_all) {
-                       if (entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
-                               panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
-                       }
-                       align_all = entry_alignment;
-               }
-
-               set_entity_offset(entity, base);
+               set_entity_offset(entity, entry->compound_member.offset);
                set_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity,
-                                                (unsigned char) bits_remainder);
-               //add_struct_member(irtype, entity);
-               entry->declaration.kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
-               assert(entry->compound_member.entity == NULL);
-               entry->compound_member.entity = entity;
+                                                entry->compound_member.bit_offset);
 
-finished_member:
-               if (is_union) {
-                       size_t entry_size = offset - prev_offset;
-                       if (entry_size > size) {
-                               size = entry_size;
-                       }
-                       offset     = 0;
-                       bit_offset = 0;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (!is_union) {
-               size = offset;
-       }
-
-       size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
-       if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
-               size += align_all - misalign;
+               assert(entry->declaration.kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
+               entry->declaration.kind       = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
+               entry->compound_member.entity = entity;
        }
 
-       if (outer_offset != NULL) {
-               if (!is_union) {
-                       *outer_offset = offset;
-               } else {
-                       *outer_offset += size;
-               }
-
-               if (align_all > *outer_align) {
-                       if (align_all % *outer_align != 0) {
-                               panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
-                       }
-                       *outer_align = align_all;
-               }
-       } else {
-               set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
-               set_type_size_bytes(irtype, size);
-               set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
-       }
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, compound->alignment);
+       set_type_size_bytes(irtype, compound->size);
+       set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
 
        return irtype;
 }
@@ -821,7 +678,7 @@ static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
 
        constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
 
-       return create_atomic_type(type->akind, type->base.alignment);
+       return create_atomic_type(type->akind);
 }
 
 static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
@@ -836,11 +693,9 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
 
        switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
        default:
                return get_ir_type(type);
        }
@@ -861,11 +716,10 @@ ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
        switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
                /* Happens while constant folding, when there was an error */
-               return create_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, 0);
+               return create_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID);
 
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
-               firm_type = create_atomic_type(type->atomic.akind,
-                                              type->base.alignment);
+               firm_type = create_atomic_type(type->atomic.akind);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPLEX:
                firm_type = create_complex_type(&type->complex);
@@ -874,7 +728,7 @@ ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
                firm_type = create_imaginary_type(&type->imaginary);
                break;
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
-               firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function);
+               firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function, false);
                break;
        case TYPE_POINTER:
                firm_type = create_pointer_type(&type->pointer);
@@ -886,12 +740,10 @@ ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
                firm_type = create_array_type(&type->array);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
                break;
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                firm_type = create_enum_type(&type->enumt);
@@ -1015,13 +867,18 @@ static const struct {
        { rts_coshl,      1, "coshl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_tanhl,      1, "tanhl",        1, _C99 },
 
+       { rts_strcmp,     1, "strcmp",       2, _C89 },
+       { rts_strncmp,    1, "strncmp",      3, _C89 },
+       { rts_strcpy,     1, "strcpy",       2, _C89 },
+       { rts_strlen,     1, "strlen",       1, _C89 },
        { rts_memcpy,     1, "memcpy",       3, _C89 },  /* HMM, man say its C99 */
+       { rts_mempcpy,    1, "mempcpy",      3, _GNUC },
+       { rts_memmove,    1, "memmove",      3, _C89 },  /* HMM, man say its C99 */
        { rts_memset,     1, "memset",       3, _C89 },  /* HMM, man say its C99 */
-       { rts_strcmp,     1, "strcmp",       2, _C89 },
-       { rts_strncmp,    1, "strncmp",      3, _C89 }
+       { rts_memcmp,     1, "memcmp",       3, _C89 },  /* HMM, man say its C99 */
 };
 
-static ident *rts_idents[sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0])];
+static ident *rts_idents[lengthof(rts_data)];
 
 static ident* (*create_ld_ident)(entity_t*) = create_name_linux_elf;
 
@@ -1031,7 +888,7 @@ static ident* (*create_ld_ident)(entity_t*) = create_name_linux_elf;
  * @param ent   the entity
  * @param decl  the routine declaration
  */
-static void handle_gnu_attributes_ent(ir_entity *irentity, entity_t *entity)
+static void handle_decl_modifiers(ir_entity *irentity, entity_t *entity)
 {
        assert(is_declaration(entity));
        decl_modifiers_t modifiers = entity->declaration.modifiers;
@@ -1071,12 +928,14 @@ static bool is_main(entity_t *entity)
  * Creates an entity representing a function.
  *
  * @param declaration  the function declaration
+ * @param owner_type   the owner type of this function, NULL
+ *                     for global functions
  */
-static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
+static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity, ir_type *owner_type)
 {
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
-       if (entity->function.entity != NULL) {
-               return entity->function.entity;
+       if (entity->function.irentity != NULL) {
+               return entity->function.irentity;
        }
 
        if (is_main(entity)) {
@@ -1094,12 +953,10 @@ static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
        symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
        ident    *id     = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
 
-       ir_type   *global_type    = get_glob_type();
-       ir_type   *ir_type_method = get_ir_type(entity->declaration.type);
-       bool const has_body       = entity->function.statement != NULL;
 
        /* already an entity defined? */
        ir_entity *irentity = entitymap_get(&entitymap, symbol);
+       bool const has_body = entity->function.statement != NULL;
        if (irentity != NULL) {
                if (get_entity_visibility(irentity) == visibility_external_allocated
                                && has_body) {
@@ -1108,40 +965,64 @@ static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
                goto entity_created;
        }
 
+       ir_type *ir_type_method;
+       if (entity->function.need_closure)
+               ir_type_method = create_method_type(&entity->declaration.type->function, true);
+       else
+               ir_type_method = get_ir_type(entity->declaration.type);
+
+       bool nested_function = false;
+       if (owner_type == NULL)
+               owner_type = get_glob_type();
+       else
+               nested_function = true;
+
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&entity->base.source_position);
-       irentity             = new_d_entity(global_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(irentity, create_ld_ident(entity));
-
-       handle_gnu_attributes_ent(irentity, entity);
-
-       /* static inline             => local
-        * extern inline             => local
-        * inline without definition => local
-        * inline with definition    => external_visible */
-       storage_class_tag_t const storage_class
-               = (storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class;
-       bool                const is_inline     = entity->function.is_inline;
-       if (is_inline && storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && has_body) {
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
-       } else if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
-                  (is_inline && has_body)) {
-               if (!has_body) {
-                       /* this entity was declared, but is defined nowhere */
-                       set_entity_peculiarity(irentity, peculiarity_description);
+       irentity             = new_d_entity(owner_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
+
+       ident *ld_id;
+       if (nested_function)
+               ld_id = id_unique("inner.%u");
+       else
+               ld_id = create_ld_ident(entity);
+       set_entity_ld_ident(irentity, ld_id);
+
+       handle_decl_modifiers(irentity, entity);
+
+       if (! nested_function) {
+               /* static inline             => local
+                * extern inline             => local
+                * inline without definition => local
+                * inline with definition    => external_visible */
+               storage_class_tag_t const storage_class
+                       = (storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class;
+               bool                const is_inline     = entity->function.is_inline;
+
+               if (is_inline && storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && has_body) {
+                       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
+               } else if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
+                          (is_inline && has_body)) {
+                       if (!has_body) {
+                               /* this entity was declared, but is defined nowhere */
+                               set_entity_peculiarity(irentity, peculiarity_description);
+                       }
+                       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_local);
+               } else if (has_body) {
+                       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
+               } else {
+                       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_allocated);
                }
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_local);
-       } else if (has_body) {
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
        } else {
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_allocated);
+               /* nested functions are always local */
+               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_local);
        }
        set_entity_allocation(irentity, allocation_static);
 
        /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
           this is not needed. */
-       if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
+       if (! firm_opt.freestanding && !has_body) {
                /* check for a known runtime function */
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(rts_data); ++i) {
                        if (id != rts_idents[i])
                                continue;
 
@@ -1156,8 +1037,8 @@ static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
        entitymap_insert(&entitymap, symbol, irentity);
 
 entity_created:
-       entity->declaration.kind = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
-       entity->function.entity  = irentity;
+       entity->declaration.kind  = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
+       entity->function.irentity = irentity;
 
        return irentity;
 }
@@ -1216,11 +1097,13 @@ static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(cnst->base.type);
 
-       long long int v = 0;
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < cnst->v.character.size; ++i) {
-               if (char_is_signed) {
-                       v = (v << 8) | ((signed char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
-               } else {
+       long long int v;
+       size_t const  size = cnst->v.character.size;
+       if (size == 1 && char_is_signed) {
+               v = (signed char)cnst->v.character.begin[0];
+       } else {
+               v = 0;
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
                        v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
                }
        }
@@ -1248,6 +1131,68 @@ static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Allocate an area of size bytes aligned at alignment
+ * at a frame type.
+ */
+static ir_entity *alloc_trampoline(ir_type *frame_type, int size, unsigned alignment) {
+       static unsigned area_cnt = 0;
+       char buf[32];
+
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "trampolin%u", area_cnt++);
+       ident *name = new_id_from_str(buf);
+
+       ir_type *tp = new_type_array(id_mangle_u(get_type_ident(frame_type), name), 1, ir_type_char);
+       set_array_bounds_int(tp, 0, 0, size);
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(tp, alignment);
+
+       ir_entity *area = new_entity(frame_type, name, tp);
+
+       /* mark this entity as compiler generated */
+       set_entity_compiler_generated(area, 1);
+       return area;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return a node representing a trampoline reagion
+ * for a given entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param entity  the entity
+ */
+static ir_node *get_trampoline_region(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_entity *entity)
+{
+       ir_entity *region = NULL;
+       int        i;
+
+       if (current_trampolines != NULL) {
+               for (i = ARR_LEN(current_trampolines) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                       if (current_trampolines[i].function == entity) {
+                               region = current_trampolines[i].region;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               current_trampolines = NEW_ARR_F(trampoline_region, 0);
+       }
+       ir_graph *irg = current_ir_graph;
+       if (region == NULL) {
+               /* create a new region */
+               ir_type           *frame_tp = get_irg_frame_type(irg);
+               trampoline_region  reg;
+               reg.function = entity;
+
+               reg.region   = alloc_trampoline(frame_tp,
+                                               be_params->trampoline_size,
+                                               be_params->trampoline_align);
+               ARR_APP1(trampoline_region, current_trampolines, reg);
+               region = reg.region;
+       }
+       return new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(irg), get_irg_frame(irg),
+                              region);
+}
+
+
 /**
  * Creates a SymConst for a given entity.
  *
@@ -1256,7 +1201,7 @@ static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
  * @param entity  the entity
  */
 static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
-                              ir_entity *entity)
+                                ir_entity *entity)
 {
        assert(entity != NULL);
        union symconst_symbol sym;
@@ -1264,6 +1209,27 @@ static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
        return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode, sym, symconst_addr_ent);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst for a given trampoline of an entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the SymConst
+ * @param entity  the entity
+ */
+static ir_node *create_trampoline(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
+                                  ir_entity *entity)
+{
+       assert(entity != NULL);
+       ir_node *in[3];
+       in[0] = get_trampoline_region(dbgi, entity);
+       in[1] = create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity);
+       in[2] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_inner_trampoline, 3, in, get_unknown_type());
+       set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+       return new_Proj(irn, mode, pn_Builtin_1_result);
+}
+
 /**
  * Creates a SymConst node representing a string constant.
  *
@@ -1285,6 +1251,7 @@ static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
+       set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
 
        ir_type *const elem_type = ir_type_const_char;
        ir_mode *const mode      = get_type_mode(elem_type);
@@ -1361,6 +1328,13 @@ static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Dereference an address.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi  debug info
+ * @param type  the type of the dereferenced result (the points_to type)
+ * @param addr  the address to dereference
+ */
 static ir_node *deref_address(dbg_info *const dbgi, type_t *const type,
                                      ir_node *const addr)
 {
@@ -1372,7 +1346,7 @@ static ir_node *deref_address(dbg_info *const dbgi, type_t *const type,
        }
 
        ir_cons_flags  flags    = type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE
-                                 ? cons_volatile : 0;
+                                 ? cons_volatile : cons_none;
        ir_mode *const mode     = get_type_mode(irtype);
        ir_node *const memory   = get_store();
        ir_node *const load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, memory, addr, mode, flags);
@@ -1386,7 +1360,10 @@ static ir_node *deref_address(dbg_info *const dbgi, type_t *const type,
 }
 
 /**
- * Creates a strict Conv if neccessary.
+ * Creates a strict Conv (to the node's mode) if necessary.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi  debug info
+ * @param node  the node to strict conv
  */
 static ir_node *do_strict_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *node)
 {
@@ -1408,14 +1385,17 @@ static ir_node *do_strict_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *node)
        return new_d_strictConv(dbgi, node, mode);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns the address of a global variable.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi      debug info
+ * @param variable  the variable
+ */
 static ir_node *get_global_var_address(dbg_info *const dbgi,
-                                       const entity_t *const entity)
+                                       const variable_t *const variable)
 {
-       assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE);
-       assert(entity->declaration.kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE);
-
-       ir_entity *const irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
-       if (entity->variable.thread_local) {
+       ir_entity *const irentity = variable->v.entity;
+       if (variable->thread_local) {
                ir_node *const no_mem = new_NoMem();
                ir_node *const tls    = get_irg_tls(current_ir_graph);
                return new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, no_mem, tls, irentity);
@@ -1432,18 +1412,19 @@ static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
 {
        ir_graph      *const irg   = current_ir_graph;
        const ir_type *const owner = get_entity_owner(ent);
-       if (owner == get_irg_frame_type(irg)) {
-               return get_irg_frame(irg);
+       if (owner == current_outer_frame || owner == current_outer_value_type) {
+               assert(current_static_link != NULL);
+               return current_static_link;
        } else {
-               assert(owner == get_method_value_param_type(get_entity_type(get_irg_entity(irg))));
-               return get_irg_value_param_base(irg);
+               return get_irg_frame(irg);
        }
 }
 
 /**
  * Keep all memory edges of the given block.
  */
-static void keep_all_memory(ir_node *block) {
+static void keep_all_memory(ir_node *block)
+{
        ir_node *old = get_cur_block();
 
        set_cur_block(block);
@@ -1489,22 +1470,37 @@ static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
-               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+
+               if (entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+                       /* for gcc compatibility we have to produce (dummy) addresses for some
+                        * builtins */
+                       if (warning.other) {
+                               warningf(&ref->base.source_position,
+                                       "taking address of builtin '%Y'", ref->entity->base.symbol);
+                       }
+
+                       /* simply create a NULL pointer */
+                       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_void_ptr);
+                       ir_node  *res  = new_Const_long(mode, 0);
+
+                       return res;
+               }
+               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
                if (!entity->function.goto_to_outer && !entity->function.need_closure) {
                        /* inner function not using the closure */
-                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
                } else {
-                       /* TODO: need trampoline here */
-                       panic("Trampoline code not implemented");
-                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+                       /* need trampoline here */
+                       return create_trampoline(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
                }
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
-               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, entity);
-               return deref_address(dbgi, entity->declaration.type, addr);
+               const variable_t *variable = &entity->variable;
+               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, variable);
+               return deref_address(dbgi, variable->base.type, addr);
        }
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
@@ -1545,7 +1541,7 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
                 * as an indicator for no real address) */
                return NULL;
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
-               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, entity);
+               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, &entity->variable);
                return addr;
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
@@ -1569,10 +1565,21 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                type_t  *const type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
-               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
+       }
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION: {
+               type_t  *const type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
+               ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+               if (!entity->function.goto_to_outer && !entity->function.need_closure) {
+                       /* inner function not using the closure */
+                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
+               } else {
+                       /* need trampoline here */
+                       return create_trampoline(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
+               }
        }
 
-       case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
        }
@@ -1580,6 +1587,71 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        panic("reference to declaration with unknown type found");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Generate an unary builtin.
+ *
+ * @param kind           the builtin kind to generate
+ * @param op             the operand
+ * @param function_type  the function type for the GNU builtin routine
+ * @param db             debug info
+ */
+static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op, type_t *function_type, dbg_info *db)
+{
+       ir_node *in[1];
+       in[0] = expression_to_firm(op);
+
+       ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+       ir_type *res = get_method_res_type(tp, 0);
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), kind, 1, in, tp);
+       set_irn_pinned(irn, op_pin_state_floats);
+       return new_Proj(irn, get_type_mode(res), pn_Builtin_1_result);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a pinned unary builtin.
+ *
+ * @param kind           the builtin kind to generate
+ * @param op             the operand
+ * @param function_type  the function type for the GNU builtin routine
+ * @param db             debug info
+ */
+static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin_pinned(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op, type_t *function_type, dbg_info *db)
+{
+       ir_node *in[1];
+       in[0] = expression_to_firm(op);
+
+       ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+       ir_type *res = get_method_res_type(tp, 0);
+       ir_node *mem = get_store();
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, mem, kind, 1, in, tp);
+       set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+       return new_Proj(irn, get_type_mode(res), pn_Builtin_1_result);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Generate an binary-void-return builtin.
+ *
+ * @param kind           the builtin kind to generate
+ * @param op1            the first operand
+ * @param op2            the second operand
+ * @param function_type  the function type for the GNU builtin routine
+ * @param db             debug info
+ */
+static ir_node *gen_binary_builtin_mem(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op1, expression_t *op2,
+                                                                          type_t *function_type, dbg_info *db)
+{
+       ir_node *in[2];
+       in[0] = expression_to_firm(op1);
+       in[1] = expression_to_firm(op2);
+
+       ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+       ir_node *mem = get_store();
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, mem, kind, 2, in, tp);
+       set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 /**
  * Transform calls to builtin functions.
  */
@@ -1587,17 +1659,16 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
 
-       assert(call->function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL);
-       builtin_symbol_expression_t *builtin = &call->function->builtin_symbol;
+       assert(call->function->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE);
+       reference_expression_t *builtin = &call->function->reference;
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(builtin->base.type);
        assert(is_type_pointer(type));
 
        type_t   *function_type = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
-       symbol_t *symbol        = builtin->symbol;
 
-       switch(symbol->ID) {
-       case T___builtin_alloca: {
+       switch (builtin->entity->function.btk) {
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_alloca: {
                if (call->arguments == NULL || call->arguments->next != NULL) {
                        panic("invalid number of parameters on __builtin_alloca");
                }
@@ -1614,19 +1685,19 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
                return res;
        }
 
-       case T___builtin_huge_val:
-       case T___builtin_inf:
-       case T___builtin_inff:
-       case T___builtin_infl: {
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_val:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_inf:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_inff:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_infl: {
                type_t  *type = function_type->function.return_type;
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
                tarval  *tv   = get_mode_infinite(mode);
                ir_node *res  = new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
                return   res;
        }
-       case T___builtin_nan:
-       case T___builtin_nanf:
-       case T___builtin_nanl: {
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_nan:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_nanf:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_nanl: {
                /* Ignore string for now... */
                assert(is_type_function(function_type));
                type_t  *type = function_type->function.return_type;
@@ -1635,14 +1706,132 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
                ir_node *res  = new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
                return res;
        }
-       case T___builtin_expect: {
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_expect: {
                expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
                return _expression_to_firm(argument);
        }
-       case T___builtin_va_end:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_va_end:
                /* evaluate the argument of va_end for its side effects */
                _expression_to_firm(call->arguments->expression);
                return NULL;
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_frame_address: {
+               expression_t *const expression = call->arguments->expression;
+               bool val = fold_constant_to_bool(expression);
+               if (!val) {
+                       /* the nice case */
+                       return get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               } else {
+                       /* get the argument */
+                       ir_node *in[2];
+
+                       in[0] = expression_to_firm(expression);
+                       in[1] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+                       ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+                       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), ir_bk_frame_addess, 2, in, tp);
+                       return new_Proj(irn, mode_P_data, pn_Builtin_1_result);
+               }
+       }
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_return_address: {
+
+               expression_t *const expression = call->arguments->expression;
+               ir_node *in[2];
+
+               in[0] = expression_to_firm(expression);
+               in[1] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), ir_bk_return_address, 2, in, tp);
+               return new_Proj(irn, mode_P_data, pn_Builtin_1_result);
+       }
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_ffs:
+                return gen_unary_builtin(ir_bk_ffs,      call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_clz:
+                return gen_unary_builtin(ir_bk_clz,      call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_ctz:
+                return gen_unary_builtin(ir_bk_ctz,      call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_popcount:
+       case bk_ms__popcount:
+                return gen_unary_builtin(ir_bk_popcount, call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_parity:
+                return gen_unary_builtin(ir_bk_parity,   call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_prefetch: {
+               call_argument_t *const args = call->arguments;
+               expression_t *const addr    = args->expression;
+               ir_node *in[3];
+
+               in[0] = _expression_to_firm(addr);
+               if (args->next != NULL) {
+                       expression_t *const rw = args->next->expression;
+
+                       in[1] = _expression_to_firm(rw);
+
+                       if (args->next->next != NULL) {
+                               expression_t *const locality = args->next->next->expression;
+
+                               in[2] = expression_to_firm(locality);
+                       } else {
+                               in[2] = new_Const_long(mode_int, 3);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       in[1] = new_Const_long(mode_int, 0);
+                       in[2] = new_Const_long(mode_int, 3);
+               }
+               ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_prefetch, 3, in, tp);
+               set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_trap:
+       case bk_ms__ud2:
+       {
+               ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_trap, 0, NULL, tp);
+               set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       case bk_ms__debugbreak: {
+               ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_debugbreak, 0, NULL, tp);
+               set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       case bk_ms_ReturnAddress: {
+               ir_node *in[2];
+
+               in[0] = new_Const_long(mode_int, 0);
+               in[1] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), ir_bk_return_address, 2, in, tp);
+               return new_Proj(irn, mode_P_data, pn_Builtin_1_result);
+       }
+       case bk_ms_rotl:
+       case bk_ms_rotl64: {
+               ir_node *val  = expression_to_firm(call->arguments->expression);
+               ir_node *shf  = expression_to_firm(call->arguments->next->expression);
+               ir_mode *mode = get_irn_mode(val);
+               return new_d_Rotl(dbgi, val, create_conv(dbgi, shf, mode_uint), mode);
+       }
+       case bk_ms_rotr:
+       case bk_ms_rotr64: {
+               ir_node *val  = expression_to_firm(call->arguments->expression);
+               ir_node *shf  = expression_to_firm(call->arguments->next->expression);
+               ir_mode *mode = get_irn_mode(val);
+               ir_node *c    = new_Const_long(mode_uint, get_mode_size_bits(mode));
+               ir_node *sub  = new_d_Sub(dbgi, c, create_conv(dbgi, shf, mode_uint), mode_uint);
+               return new_d_Rotl(dbgi, val, sub, mode);
+       }
+       case bk_ms_byteswap_ushort:
+       case bk_ms_byteswap_ulong:
+       case bk_ms_byteswap_uint64:
+               return gen_unary_builtin(ir_bk_bswap, call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_ms__inbyte:
+       case bk_ms__inword:
+       case bk_ms__indword:
+               return gen_unary_builtin_pinned(ir_bk_inport, call->arguments->expression, function_type, dbgi);
+       case bk_ms__outbyte:
+       case bk_ms__outword:
+       case bk_ms__outdword:
+               return gen_binary_builtin_mem(ir_bk_outport, call->arguments->expression,
+                       call->arguments->next->expression, function_type, dbgi);
        default:
                panic("unsupported builtin found");
        }
@@ -1655,37 +1844,42 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
  * 176.gcc for instance might allocate 2GB instead of 256 MB if alloca is not
  * handled right...
  */
-static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
+static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *const call)
 {
-       dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
+       dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
        assert(get_cur_block() != NULL);
 
        expression_t *function = call->function;
-       if (function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
-               return process_builtin_call(call);
-       }
        if (function->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                const reference_expression_t *ref    = &function->reference;
                entity_t                     *entity = ref->entity;
 
-               if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION
-                               && entity->function.entity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
-                       /* handle alloca() call */
-                       expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
-                       ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);
-                       ir_mode      *mode     = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_size_t);
+               if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
+                       if (entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+                               return process_builtin_call(call);
+                       }
 
-                       size = create_conv(dbgi, size, mode);
+                       ir_entity *irentity = entity->function.irentity;
+                       if (irentity == NULL)
+                               irentity = get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
 
-                       ir_node  *store  = get_store();
-                       dbg_info *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
-                       ir_node  *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size, firm_unknown_type,
-                                                      stack_alloc);
-                       ir_node  *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
-                       set_store(proj_m);
-                       ir_node  *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
+                       if (irentity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
+                               /* handle alloca() call */
+                               expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
+                               ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);
+                               ir_mode      *mode     = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_size_t);
 
-                       return res;
+                               size = create_conv(dbgi, size, mode);
+
+                               ir_node  *store  = get_store();
+                               ir_node  *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size,
+                                                              firm_unknown_type, stack_alloc);
+                               ir_node  *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
+                               set_store(proj_m);
+                               ir_node  *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
+
+                               return res;
+                       }
                }
        }
        ir_node *callee = expression_to_firm(function);
@@ -1709,7 +1903,6 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
                /* we need to construct a new method type matching the call
                 * arguments... */
                int n_res       = get_method_n_ress(ir_method_type);
-               dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
                new_method_type = new_d_type_method(id_unique("calltype.%u"),
                                                    n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
                set_method_calling_convention(new_method_type,
@@ -1809,7 +2002,7 @@ static void assign_value(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *addr, type_t *type,
 
        if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                ir_cons_flags flags = type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE
-                                     ? cons_volatile : 0;
+                                     ? cons_volatile : cons_none;
                ir_node  *store     = new_d_Store(dbgi, memory, addr, value, flags);
                ir_node  *store_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(store_mem);
@@ -1867,7 +2060,7 @@ static ir_node *bitfield_store_to_firm(dbg_info *dbgi,
        /* load current value */
        ir_node  *mem             = get_store();
        ir_node  *load            = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode,
-                                       set_volatile ? cons_volatile : 0);
+                                       set_volatile ? cons_volatile : cons_none);
        ir_node  *load_mem        = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
        ir_node  *load_res        = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
        tarval   *shift_mask      = create_bitfield_mask(mode, bitoffset, bitsize);
@@ -1878,7 +2071,7 @@ static ir_node *bitfield_store_to_firm(dbg_info *dbgi,
        /* construct new value and store */
        ir_node *new_val   = new_d_Or(dbgi, load_res_masked, value_maskshift, mode);
        ir_node *store     = new_d_Store(dbgi, load_mem, addr, new_val,
-                                        set_volatile ? cons_volatile : 0);
+                                        set_volatile ? cons_volatile : cons_none);
        ir_node *store_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
        set_store(store_mem);
 
@@ -1892,7 +2085,7 @@ static ir_node *bitfield_extract_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
        type_t   *type     = expression->base.type;
        ir_mode  *mode     = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
        ir_node  *mem      = get_store();
-       ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode, 0);
+       ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode, cons_none);
        ir_node  *load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
        ir_node  *load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
 
@@ -2051,7 +2244,7 @@ static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
        ir_node *offset;
        if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
                pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
-               offset                       = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
+               offset = get_type_size_node(pointer_type->points_to);
        } else {
                assert(is_type_arithmetic(type));
                offset = new_Const(get_mode_one(mode));
@@ -2189,7 +2382,8 @@ static ir_node *handle_assume_compare(dbg_info *dbi,
  * @param dbi    debug info
  * @param expr   the IL assume expression
  */
-static ir_node *handle_assume(dbg_info *dbi, const expression_t *expression) {
+static ir_node *handle_assume(dbg_info *dbi, const expression_t *expression)
+{
        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
@@ -2236,6 +2430,14 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                type_t  *value_type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
                assert(is_type_pointer(value_type));
+
+               /* check for __based */
+               const variable_t *const base_var = value_type->pointer.base_variable;
+               if (base_var != NULL) {
+                       ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, base_var);
+                       ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, base_var->base.type, addr);
+                       value_node = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, base, get_ir_mode_storage(value_type));
+               }
                type_t  *points_to  = value_type->pointer.points_to;
                return deref_address(dbgi, points_to, value_node);
        }
@@ -2247,7 +2449,25 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
-                       ir_mode *mode       = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+                       ir_mode *mode      = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+                       type_t  *from_type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
+                       /* check for conversion from / to __based types */
+                       if (is_type_pointer(type) && is_type_pointer(from_type)) {
+                               const variable_t *from_var = from_type->pointer.base_variable;
+                               const variable_t *to_var   = type->pointer.base_variable;
+                               if (from_var != to_var) {
+                                       if (from_var != NULL) {
+                                               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, from_var);
+                                               ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, from_var->base.type, addr);
+                                               value_node = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, base, get_ir_mode_storage(from_type));
+                                       }
+                                       if (to_var != NULL) {
+                                               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, to_var);
+                                               ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, to_var->base.type, addr);
+                                               value_node = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, base, mode);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
                        ir_node *node       = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
                        node                = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
                        ir_mode *mode_arith = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
@@ -2322,22 +2542,10 @@ static ir_node *adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbg_info *dbgi,
        assert(is_type_pointer(type));
        pointer_type_t *const pointer_type = &type->pointer;
        type_t         *const points_to    = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
-       unsigned              elem_size    = get_type_size_const(points_to);
-
-       value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode);
-
-       /* gcc extension: allow arithmetic with void * and function * */
-       if ((elem_size == 0 && is_type_atomic(points_to, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) ||
-           is_type_function(points_to))  {
-               elem_size = 1;
-       }
-
-       assert(elem_size >= 1);
-       if (elem_size == 1)
-               return value;
-
-       ir_node *const cnst = new_Const_long(mode, (long)elem_size);
-       ir_node *const mul  = new_d_Mul(dbgi, value, cnst, mode);
+       ir_node        *      elem_size    = get_type_size_node(points_to);
+       elem_size                          = create_conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
+       value                              = create_conv(dbgi, value,     mode);
+       ir_node        *const mul          = new_d_Mul(dbgi, value, elem_size, mode);
        return mul;
 }
 
@@ -2364,7 +2572,7 @@ static ir_node *create_op(dbg_info *dbgi, const binary_expression_t *expression,
                        const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;
 
                        mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
-                       ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
+                       ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size_node(ptr_type->points_to);
                        ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
                        ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
                        ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
@@ -2465,22 +2673,22 @@ static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
 
        if (is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
-               long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
+               bool val = fold_constant_to_bool(expression->left);
                expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
                assert(ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND || ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR);
                if (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND) {
-                       if (val == 0) {
+                       if (!val) {
                                return new_Const(get_mode_null(mode));
                        }
                } else {
-                       if (val != 0) {
+                       if (val) {
                                return new_Const(get_mode_one(mode));
                        }
                }
 
                if (is_constant_expression(expression->right)) {
-                       long const valr = fold_constant(expression->right);
-                       return valr != 0 ?
+                       bool valr = fold_constant_to_bool(expression->right);
+                       return valr ?
                                new_Const(get_mode_one(mode)) :
                                new_Const(get_mode_null(mode));
                }
@@ -2654,7 +2862,7 @@ static long get_offsetof_offset(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
                        assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
                        assert(is_type_array(type));
 
-                       long index         = fold_constant(array_index);
+                       long index         = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
                        ir_type *arr_type  = get_ir_type(type);
                        ir_type *elem_type = get_array_element_type(arr_type);
                        long     elem_size = get_type_size_bytes(elem_type);
@@ -2702,7 +2910,7 @@ static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
        create_local_initializer(initializer, dbgi, entity, type);
 
        /* create a sel for the compound literal address */
-       ir_node *frame = get_local_frame(entity);
+       ir_node *frame = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
        ir_node *sel   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
        return sel;
 }
@@ -2719,13 +2927,13 @@ static ir_node *sizeof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
        }
 
        type = skip_typeref(type);
-       /* ยง 6.5.3.4 (2) if the type is a VLA, evaluate the expression. */
+       /* ยง6.5.3.4:2 if the type is a VLA, evaluate the expression. */
        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla
                        && expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
                expression_to_firm(expression->tp_expression);
        }
 
-       return get_type_size(type);
+       return get_type_size_node(type);
 }
 
 static entity_t *get_expression_entity(const expression_t *expression)
@@ -2736,58 +2944,51 @@ static entity_t *get_expression_entity(const expression_t *expression)
        return expression->reference.entity;
 }
 
+static unsigned get_cparser_entity_alignment(const entity_t *entity)
+{
+       switch(entity->kind) {
+       DECLARATION_KIND_CASES
+               return entity->declaration.alignment;
+       case ENTITY_STRUCT:
+       case ENTITY_UNION:
+               return entity->compound.alignment;
+       case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
+               return entity->typedefe.alignment;
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * Transform an alignof expression into Firm code.
  */
 static ir_node *alignof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_type *irtype;
+       unsigned alignment = 0;
 
        const expression_t *tp_expression = expression->tp_expression;
-       entity_t           *entity        = get_expression_entity(tp_expression);
-       ir_entity          *irentity      = NULL;
-
-       if (entity != NULL && is_declaration(entity)) {
-               switch (entity->declaration.kind) {
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
-                       panic("unknown entity reference found");
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
-                       irentity = entity->compound_member.entity;
-                       break;
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE:
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
-                       irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
-                       break;
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_PARAMETER_ENTITY:
-                       irentity = entity->parameter.v.entity;
-                       break;
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION:
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION:
-                       irentity = entity->function.entity;
-                       break;
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_PARAMETER:
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
-               case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
-                       break;
+       if (tp_expression != NULL) {
+               entity_t *entity = get_expression_entity(tp_expression);
+               if (entity != NULL) {
+                       alignment = get_cparser_entity_alignment(entity);
                }
        }
 
-       if (irentity != NULL) {
-               irtype = get_entity_type(irentity);
-       } else {
+       if (alignment == 0) {
                type_t *type = expression->type;
-               irtype = get_ir_type(type);
+               alignment = get_type_alignment(type);
        }
 
-       ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
-       symconst_symbol sym;
-       sym.type_p = irtype;
-       return new_SymConst(mode, sym, symconst_type_align);
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
+       tarval   *tv   = new_tarval_from_long(alignment, mode);
+       return new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
 }
 
 static void init_ir_types(void);
 
-long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
+static tarval *fold_constant_to_tarval(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        assert(is_type_valid(skip_typeref(expression->base.type)));
 
@@ -2808,23 +3009,40 @@ long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
                panic("couldn't fold constant");
        }
 
+       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
+
        tarval *tv = get_Const_tarval(cnst);
+       return tv;
+}
+
+long fold_constant_to_int(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_INVALID)
+               return 0;
+
+       tarval *tv = fold_constant_to_tarval(expression);
        if (!tarval_is_long(tv)) {
                panic("result of constant folding is not integer");
        }
 
-       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
-
        return get_tarval_long(tv);
 }
 
+bool fold_constant_to_bool(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_INVALID)
+               return false;
+       tarval *tv = fold_constant_to_tarval(expression);
+       return !tarval_is_null(tv);
+}
+
 static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        /* first try to fold a constant condition */
        if (is_constant_expression(expression->condition)) {
-               long val = fold_constant(expression->condition);
+               bool val = fold_constant_to_bool(expression->condition);
                if (val) {
                        expression_t *true_expression = expression->true_expression;
                        if (true_expression == NULL)
@@ -2856,11 +3074,11 @@ static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
        set_cur_block(cur_block);
        ir_node *const cond_expr = create_condition_evaluation(expression->condition, true_block, false_block);
        if (expression->true_expression == NULL) {
-               if (cond_expr != NULL) {
+               if (cond_expr != NULL && get_irn_mode(cond_expr) != mode_b) {
                        true_val = cond_expr;
                } else {
-                       /* Condition ended with a short circuit (&&, ||, !) operation.
-                        * Generate a "1" as value for the true branch. */
+                       /* Condition ended with a short circuit (&&, ||, !) operation or a
+                        * comparison.  Generate a "1" as value for the true branch. */
                        true_val = new_Const(get_mode_one(mode_Is));
                }
        }
@@ -3076,14 +3294,20 @@ static ir_node *va_start_expression_to_firm(
        ir_type   *const method_type = get_ir_type(type);
        int        const n           = get_method_n_params(method_type) - 1;
        ir_entity *const parm_ent    = get_method_value_param_ent(method_type, n);
-       ir_node   *const arg_base    = get_irg_value_param_base(current_ir_graph);
+       ir_node   *const frame       = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_node   *const no_mem      = new_NoMem();
        ir_node   *const arg_sel     =
-               new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, no_mem, arg_base, parm_ent);
-
-       ir_node   *const cnst        = get_type_size(expr->parameter->base.type);
-       ir_node   *const add         = new_d_Add(dbgi, arg_sel, cnst, mode_P_data);
+               new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, no_mem, frame, parm_ent);
+
+       type_t    *const param_type  = expr->parameter->base.type;
+       ir_node   *const cnst        = get_type_size_node(param_type);
+       ir_mode   *const mode        = get_irn_mode(cnst);
+       ir_node   *const c1          = new_Const_long(mode, stack_param_align - 1);
+       ir_node   *const c2          = new_d_Add(dbgi, cnst, c1, mode);
+       ir_node   *const c3          = new_Const_long(mode, -(long)stack_param_align);
+       ir_node   *const c4          = new_d_And(dbgi, c2, c3, mode);
+       ir_node   *const add         = new_d_Add(dbgi, arg_sel, c4, mode_P_data);
        set_value_for_expression(expr->ap, add);
 
        return NULL;
@@ -3098,14 +3322,29 @@ static ir_node *va_arg_expression_to_firm(const va_arg_expression_t *const expr)
        dbg_info     *const dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_node      *const res     = deref_address(dbgi, type, ap);
 
-       ir_node      *const cnst    = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
-       ir_node      *const add     = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, cnst, mode_P_data);
+       ir_node      *const cnst    = get_type_size_node(expr->base.type);
+       ir_mode      *const mode    = get_irn_mode(cnst);
+       ir_node      *const c1      = new_Const_long(mode, stack_param_align - 1);
+       ir_node      *const c2      = new_d_Add(dbgi, cnst, c1, mode);
+       ir_node      *const c3      = new_Const_long(mode, -(long)stack_param_align);
+       ir_node      *const c4      = new_d_And(dbgi, c2, c3, mode);
+       ir_node      *const add     = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, c4, mode_P_data);
 
        set_value_for_expression_addr(ap_expr, add, ap_addr);
 
        return res;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Generate Firm for a va_copy expression.
+ */
+static ir_node *va_copy_expression_to_firm(const va_copy_expression_t *const expr)
+{
+       ir_node *const src = expression_to_firm(expr->src);
+       set_value_for_expression(expr->dst, src);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 static ir_node *dereference_addr(const unary_expression_t *const expression)
 {
        assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE);
@@ -3150,13 +3389,14 @@ static ir_node *builtin_constant_to_firm(
        return new_Const_long(mode, v);
 }
 
-static ir_node *builtin_prefetch_to_firm(
-               const builtin_prefetch_expression_t *expression)
+static ir_node *builtin_types_compatible_to_firm(
+               const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_node *adr = expression_to_firm(expression->adr);
-       /* no Firm support for prefetch yet */
-       (void) adr;
-       return NULL;
+       type_t  *const left  = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(expression->left));
+       type_t  *const right = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(expression->right));
+       long     const value = types_compatible(left, right) ? 1 : 0;
+       ir_mode *const mode  = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
+       return new_Const_long(mode, value);
 }
 
 static ir_node *get_label_block(label_t *label)
@@ -3198,23 +3438,6 @@ static ir_node *label_address_to_firm(
        return new_SymConst(mode_P_code, value, symconst_label);
 }
 
-static ir_node *builtin_symbol_to_firm(
-               const builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression)
-{
-       /* for gcc compatibility we have to produce (dummy) addresses for some
-        * builtins */
-       if (warning.other) {
-               warningf(&expression->base.source_position,
-                                "taking address of builtin '%Y'", expression->symbol);
-       }
-
-       /* simply create a NULL pointer */
-       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_void_ptr);
-       ir_node  *res  = new_Const_long(mode, 0);
-
-       return res;
-}
-
 /**
  * creates firm nodes for an expression. The difference between this function
  * and expression_to_firm is, that this version might produce mode_b nodes
@@ -3270,12 +3493,12 @@ static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
                return va_start_expression_to_firm(&expression->va_starte);
        case EXPR_VA_ARG:
                return va_arg_expression_to_firm(&expression->va_arge);
-       case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
-               return builtin_symbol_to_firm(&expression->builtin_symbol);
+       case EXPR_VA_COPY:
+               return va_copy_expression_to_firm(&expression->va_copye);
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
                return builtin_constant_to_firm(&expression->builtin_constant);
-       case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
-               return builtin_prefetch_to_firm(&expression->builtin_prefetch);
+       case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
+               return builtin_types_compatible_to_firm(&expression->builtin_types_compatible);
        case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
                return offsetof_to_firm(&expression->offsetofe);
        case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
@@ -3290,15 +3513,20 @@ static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
        panic("invalid expression found");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check if a given expression is a GNU __builtin_expect() call.
+ */
 static bool is_builtin_expect(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        if (expression->kind != EXPR_CALL)
                return false;
 
        expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
-       if (function->kind != EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL)
+       if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
                return false;
-       if (function->builtin_symbol.symbol->ID != T___builtin_expect)
+       reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
+       if (ref->entity->kind         != ENTITY_FUNCTION ||
+           ref->entity->function.btk != bk_gnu_builtin_expect)
                return false;
 
        return true;
@@ -3412,13 +3640,13 @@ static ir_node *create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
        ir_node  *false_proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cond, mode_X, pn_Cond_false);
 
        /* set branch prediction info based on __builtin_expect */
-       if (is_builtin_expect(expression)) {
+       if (is_builtin_expect(expression) && is_Cond(cond)) {
                call_argument_t *argument = expression->call.arguments->next;
                if (is_constant_expression(argument->expression)) {
-                       long               cnst = fold_constant(argument->expression);
+                       bool             cnst = fold_constant_to_bool(argument->expression);
                        cond_jmp_predicate pred;
 
-                       if (cnst == 0) {
+                       if (cnst == false) {
                                pred = COND_JMP_PRED_FALSE;
                        } else {
                                pred = COND_JMP_PRED_TRUE;
@@ -3434,22 +3662,22 @@ static ir_node *create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
        return cond_expr;
 }
 
-
 static void create_variable_entity(entity_t *variable,
                                    declaration_kind_t declaration_kind,
                                    ir_type *parent_type)
 {
        assert(variable->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE);
        type_t    *type = skip_typeref(variable->declaration.type);
-       type            = get_aligned_type(type, variable->variable.alignment);
 
-       ident     *const id       = new_id_from_str(variable->base.symbol->string);
-       ir_type   *const irtype   = get_ir_type(type);
-       dbg_info  *const dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&variable->base.source_position);
+       ident     *const id        = new_id_from_str(variable->base.symbol->string);
+       ir_type   *const irtype    = get_ir_type(type);
+       dbg_info  *const dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&variable->base.source_position);
+       ir_entity *const irentity  = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
+       unsigned         alignment = variable->declaration.alignment;
 
-       ir_entity *const irentity = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
+       set_entity_alignment(irentity, alignment);
 
-       handle_gnu_attributes_ent(irentity, variable);
+       handle_decl_modifiers(irentity, variable);
 
        variable->declaration.kind  = (unsigned char) declaration_kind;
        variable->variable.v.entity = irentity;
@@ -3641,7 +3869,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                        assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
                        assert(is_type_array(type));
 
-                       long index = fold_constant(array_index);
+                       long index = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
                        assert(index >= 0);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
                        if (type->array.size_constant) {
@@ -3890,7 +4118,7 @@ static void create_dynamic_null_initializer(ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi,
 
                /* TODO: bitfields */
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
-               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst, 0);
+               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst, cons_none);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
        } else {
@@ -3948,7 +4176,7 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
 
                assert(get_type_mode(type) == mode);
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
-               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, node, 0);
+               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, node, cons_none);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
                return;
@@ -3968,7 +4196,7 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
 
                assert(get_type_mode(type) == mode);
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
-               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst, 0);
+               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst, cons_none);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
                return;
@@ -4022,7 +4250,7 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
 static void create_dynamic_initializer(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                dbg_info *dbgi, ir_entity *entity)
 {
-       ir_node *frame     = get_local_frame(entity);
+       ir_node *frame     = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
        ir_node *base_addr = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
        ir_type *type      = get_entity_type(entity);
 
@@ -4091,7 +4319,6 @@ static void create_initializer_local_variable_entity(entity_t *entity)
        ir_entity     *irentity    = entity->variable.v.entity;
        type_t        *type        = entity->declaration.type;
 
-       type = get_aligned_type(type, entity->variable.alignment);
        create_local_initializer(initializer, dbgi, irentity, type);
 }
 
@@ -4177,7 +4404,7 @@ static void allocate_variable_length_array(entity_t *entity)
        ir_type  *el_type   = get_ir_type(type->array.element_type);
 
        /* make sure size_node is calculated */
-       get_type_size(type);
+       get_type_size_node(type);
        ir_node  *elems = type->array.size_node;
        ir_node  *mem   = get_store();
        ir_node  *alloc = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, mem, elems, el_type, stack_alloc);
@@ -4230,13 +4457,11 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(entity_t *entity)
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE);
        assert(entity->declaration.kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
 
-       type_t    *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
-       type            = get_aligned_type(type, entity->variable.alignment);
-
-       ir_type   *const var_type = entity->variable.thread_local ?
+       type_t   *type           = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
+       ir_type  *const var_type = entity->variable.thread_local ?
                get_tls_type() : get_glob_type();
-       ir_type   *const irtype   = get_ir_type(type);
-       dbg_info  *const dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&entity->base.source_position);
+       ir_type  *const irtype   = get_ir_type(type);
+       dbg_info *const dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&entity->base.source_position);
 
        size_t l = strlen(entity->base.symbol->string);
        char   buf[l + sizeof(".%u")];
@@ -4390,7 +4615,7 @@ static void create_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
        case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
                if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
                        assert(entity->function.statement == NULL);
-                       get_function_entity(entity);
+                       (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
                } else {
                        create_global_variable(entity);
                        create_variable_initializer(entity);
@@ -4401,11 +4626,12 @@ static void create_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
        case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
                if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
                        if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
-                               get_function_entity(entity);
+                               ir_type *owner = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
+                               (void)get_function_entity(entity, owner);
                                entity->declaration.kind = DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION;
                                enqueue_inner_function(entity);
                        } else {
-                               get_function_entity(entity);
+                               (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
                        }
                } else {
                        create_local_variable(entity);
@@ -4422,6 +4648,11 @@ static void initialize_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
        if (entity->base.symbol == NULL)
                return;
 
+       // no need to emit code in dead blocks
+       if (entity->declaration.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC
+                       && get_cur_block() == NULL)
+               return;
+
        switch ((declaration_kind_t) entity->declaration.kind) {
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
@@ -4450,20 +4681,24 @@ static void initialize_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
 
 static void declaration_statement_to_firm(declaration_statement_t *statement)
 {
-       entity_t *      entity = statement->declarations_begin;
-       entity_t *const last   = statement->declarations_end;
-       if (entity != NULL) {
-               for ( ;; entity = entity->base.next) {
-                       if (is_declaration(entity)) {
-                               initialize_local_declaration(entity);
-                       } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
-                               type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
-                               if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
-                                       get_vla_size(&type->array);
-                       }
-                       if (entity == last)
-                               break;
+       entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
+       if (entity == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       entity_t *const last = statement->declarations_end;
+       for ( ;; entity = entity->base.next) {
+               if (is_declaration(entity)) {
+                       initialize_local_declaration(entity);
+               } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
+                       /* ยง6.7.7:3  Any array size expressions associated with variable length
+                        * array declarators are evaluated each time the declaration of the
+                        * typedef name is reached in the order of execution. */
+                       type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
+                       if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
+                               get_vla_size(&type->array);
                }
+               if (entity == last)
+                       break;
        }
 }
 
@@ -4564,7 +4799,7 @@ static void while_statement_to_firm(while_statement_t *statement)
 
        /* shortcut for while(true) */
        if (is_constant_expression(statement->condition)
-                       && fold_constant(statement->condition) != 0) {
+                       && fold_constant_to_bool(statement->condition) != 0) {
                set_cur_block(header_block);
                ir_node *header_jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(body_block, header_jmp);
@@ -4792,7 +5027,7 @@ static void switch_statement_to_firm(switch_statement_t *statement)
        }
 
        if (def_nr == INT_MAX) {
-               /* Bad: an overflow will occurr, we cannot be sure that the
+               /* Bad: an overflow will occur, we cannot be sure that the
                 * maximum + 1 is a free number. Scan the values a second
                 * time to find a free number.
                 */
@@ -4814,8 +5049,8 @@ static void switch_statement_to_firm(switch_statement_t *statement)
                        }
                }
                /* We look at the first num_cases constants:
-                * Either they are densed, so we took the last (num_cases)
-                * one, or they are non densed, so we will find one free
+                * Either they are dense, so we took the last (num_cases)
+                * one, or they are not dense, so we will find one free
                 * there...
                 */
                unsigned long i;
@@ -4879,7 +5114,7 @@ static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
                do {
                        proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, current_switch_cond, mode_X, pn);
                        add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
-               } while(pn++ < end_pn);
+               } while (pn++ < end_pn);
        } else {
                saw_default_label = true;
                proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, current_switch_cond,
@@ -5180,12 +5415,14 @@ static void asm_statement_to_firm(const asm_statement_t *statement)
        }
 }
 
-static void    ms_try_statement_to_firm(ms_try_statement_t *statement) {
+static void    ms_try_statement_to_firm(ms_try_statement_t *statement)
+{
        statement_to_firm(statement->try_statement);
        warningf(&statement->base.source_position, "structured exception handling ignored");
 }
 
-static void    leave_statement_to_firm(leave_statement_t *statement) {
+static void    leave_statement_to_firm(leave_statement_t *statement)
+{
        errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "__leave not supported yet");
 }
 
@@ -5264,7 +5501,8 @@ static int count_local_variables(const entity_t *entity,
                                  const entity_t *const last)
 {
        int count = 0;
-       for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
+       entity_t const *const end = last != NULL ? last->base.next : NULL;
+       for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
                type_t *type;
                bool    address_taken;
 
@@ -5280,9 +5518,6 @@ static int count_local_variables(const entity_t *entity,
 
                if (!address_taken && is_type_scalar(type))
                        ++count;
-
-               if (entity == last)
-                       break;
        }
        return count;
 }
@@ -5308,19 +5543,25 @@ static void count_local_variables_in_stmt(statement_t *stmt, void *const env)
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Return the number of local (alias free) variables used by a function.
+ */
 static int get_function_n_local_vars(entity_t *entity)
 {
+       const function_t *function = &entity->function;
        int count = 0;
 
        /* count parameters */
-       count += count_local_variables(entity->function.parameters.entities, NULL);
+       count += count_local_variables(function->parameters.entities, NULL);
 
        /* count local variables declared in body */
-       walk_statements(entity->function.statement, count_local_variables_in_stmt,
-                       &count);
+       walk_statements(function->statement, count_local_variables_in_stmt, &count);
        return count;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Build Firm code for the parameters of a function.
+ */
 static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
 {
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
@@ -5328,11 +5569,20 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
        ir_node  *args            = get_irg_args(irg);
        ir_node  *start_block     = get_irg_start_block(irg);
        ir_type  *function_irtype = get_ir_type(entity->declaration.type);
+       int      first_param_nr   = 0;
+
+       if (entity->function.need_closure) {
+               /* add an extra parameter for the static link */
+               entity->function.static_link = new_r_Proj(irg, start_block, args, mode_P_data, 0);
+               ++first_param_nr;
+       }
 
        int       n         = 0;
        entity_t *parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
        for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next, ++n) {
-               assert(parameter->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
+               if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
+                       continue;
+
                assert(parameter->declaration.kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(parameter->declaration.type);
 
@@ -5356,7 +5606,7 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
                ir_type *param_irtype = get_method_param_type(function_irtype, n);
                ir_mode *param_mode   = get_type_mode(param_irtype);
 
-               long     pn    = n;
+               long     pn    = n + first_param_nr;
                ir_node *value = new_r_Proj(irg, start_block, args, param_mode, pn);
 
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
@@ -5379,7 +5629,8 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
  * @param irg            the IR-graph
  * @param dec_modifiers  additional modifiers
  */
-static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg, decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers)
+static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg,
+                                     decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers)
 {
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_RETURNS_TWICE) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes __attribute__((returns_twice)) */
@@ -5433,7 +5684,8 @@ static void add_function_pointer(ir_type *segment, ir_entity *method,
 /**
  * Generate possible IJmp branches to a given label block.
  */
-static void gen_ijmp_branches(ir_node *block) {
+static void gen_ijmp_branches(ir_node *block)
+{
        ir_node *ijmp;
        for (ijmp = ijmp_list; ijmp != NULL; ijmp = get_irn_link(ijmp)) {
                add_immBlock_pred(block, ijmp);
@@ -5441,16 +5693,25 @@ static void gen_ijmp_branches(ir_node *block) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Create code for a function.
+ * Create code for a function and all inner functions.
+ *
+ * @param entity  the function entity
  */
 static void create_function(entity_t *entity)
 {
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
-       ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(entity);
+       ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(entity, current_outer_frame);
 
        if (entity->function.statement == NULL)
                return;
 
+       if (is_main(entity) && firm_opt.os_support == OS_SUPPORT_MINGW) {
+               prepare_main_collect2(entity);
+       }
+
+       inner_functions     = NULL;
+       current_trampolines = NULL;
+
        if (entity->declaration.modifiers & DM_CONSTRUCTOR) {
                ir_type *segment = get_segment_type(IR_SEGMENT_CONSTRUCTORS);
                add_function_pointer(segment, function_entity, "constructor_ptr.%u");
@@ -5487,6 +5748,7 @@ static void create_function(entity_t *entity)
 
        next_value_number_function = 0;
        initialize_function_parameters(entity);
+       current_static_link = entity->function.static_link;
 
        statement_to_firm(entity->function.statement);
 
@@ -5579,11 +5841,25 @@ static void create_function(entity_t *entity)
        irg_vrfy(irg);
        current_function = old_current_function;
 
-       /* create inner functions */
-       entity_t *inner;
-       for (inner = next_inner_function(); inner != NULL;
-            inner = next_inner_function()) {
-               create_function(inner);
+       if (current_trampolines != NULL) {
+               DEL_ARR_F(current_trampolines);
+               current_trampolines = NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* create inner functions if any */
+       entity_t **inner = inner_functions;
+       if (inner != NULL) {
+               ir_type *rem_outer_frame      = current_outer_frame;
+               current_outer_frame           = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_type *rem_outer_value_type = current_outer_value_type;
+               current_outer_value_type      = get_irg_value_param_type(current_ir_graph);
+               for (int i = ARR_LEN(inner) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                       create_function(inner[i]);
+               }
+               DEL_ARR_F(inner);
+
+               current_outer_value_type = rem_outer_value_type;
+               current_outer_frame      = rem_outer_frame;
        }
 }
 
@@ -5596,7 +5872,11 @@ static void scope_to_firm(scope_t *scope)
                        continue;
 
                if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
-                       get_function_entity(entity);
+                       if (entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+                               /* builtins have no representation */
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
                } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
                        create_global_variable(entity);
                }
@@ -5609,6 +5889,10 @@ static void scope_to_firm(scope_t *scope)
                        continue;
 
                if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
+                       if (entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+                               /* builtins have no representation */
+                               continue;
+                       }
                        create_function(entity);
                } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
                        assert(entity->declaration.kind
@@ -5640,7 +5924,7 @@ void init_ast2firm(void)
        }
 
        /* create idents for all known runtime functions */
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(rts_data); ++i) {
                rts_idents[i] = new_id_from_str(rts_data[i].name);
        }
 
@@ -5655,12 +5939,15 @@ static void init_ir_types(void)
        ir_types_initialized = 1;
 
        ir_type_int        = get_ir_type(type_int);
+       ir_type_char       = get_ir_type(type_char);
        ir_type_const_char = get_ir_type(type_const_char);
        ir_type_wchar_t    = get_ir_type(type_wchar_t);
        ir_type_void       = get_ir_type(type_void);
 
-       const backend_params *be_params = be_get_backend_param();
+       be_params             = be_get_backend_param();
        mode_float_arithmetic = be_params->mode_float_arithmetic;
+
+       stack_param_align     = be_params->stack_param_align;
 }
 
 void exit_ast2firm(void)
@@ -5695,14 +5982,10 @@ void translation_unit_to_firm(translation_unit_t *unit)
        current_translation_unit = unit;
 
        init_ir_types();
-       inner_functions = NEW_ARR_F(entity_t *, 0);
 
        scope_to_firm(&unit->scope);
        global_asm_to_firm(unit->global_asm);
 
-       DEL_ARR_F(inner_functions);
-       inner_functions  = NULL;
-
        current_ir_graph         = NULL;
        current_translation_unit = NULL;
 }