- Rework the way literals are handled, these are now kept as strings until
[cparser] / ast2firm.c
index aeaa280..47430b5 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * This file is part of cparser.
- * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 #include "mangle.h"
 #include "walk_statements.h"
 #include "warning.h"
+#include "printer.h"
 #include "entitymap_t.h"
 #include "driver/firm_opt.h"
 #include "driver/firm_cmdline.h"
 
+typedef struct trampoline_region trampoline_region;
+struct trampoline_region {
+       ir_entity        *function;    /**< The function that is called by this trampoline */
+       ir_entity        *region;      /**< created region for the trampoline */
+};
+
+static const backend_params *be_params;
+
+static ir_type *ir_type_char;
 static ir_type *ir_type_const_char;
 static ir_type *ir_type_wchar_t;
 static ir_type *ir_type_void;
@@ -70,6 +80,7 @@ static label_t  **all_labels;
 static entity_t **inner_functions;
 static ir_node   *ijmp_list;
 static bool       constant_folding;
+static bool       initializer_use_bitfield_basetype;
 
 extern bool       have_const_functions;
 
@@ -79,6 +90,10 @@ static ir_node            *current_funcsig;
 static switch_statement_t *current_switch;
 static ir_graph           *current_function;
 static translation_unit_t *current_translation_unit;
+static trampoline_region  *current_trampolines;
+static ir_type            *current_outer_frame;
+static ir_type            *current_outer_value_type;
+static ir_node            *current_static_link;
 
 static entitymap_t  entitymap;
 
@@ -109,21 +124,11 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type);
 
 static void enqueue_inner_function(entity_t *entity)
 {
+       if (inner_functions == NULL)
+               inner_functions = NEW_ARR_F(entity_t *, 0);
        ARR_APP1(entity_t*, inner_functions, entity);
 }
 
-static entity_t *next_inner_function(void)
-{
-       int len = ARR_LEN(inner_functions);
-       if (len == 0)
-               return NULL;
-
-       entity_t *entity = inner_functions[len-1];
-       ARR_SHRINKLEN(inner_functions, len-1);
-
-       return entity;
-}
-
 ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
 {
        const entity_t *entity = get_irg_loc_description(irg, pos);
@@ -137,16 +142,7 @@ ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
        return new_r_Unknown(irg, mode);
 }
 
-unsigned dbg_snprint(char *buf, unsigned len, const dbg_info *dbg)
-{
-       const source_position_t *pos = (const source_position_t*) dbg;
-       if (pos == NULL)
-               return 0;
-       return (unsigned) snprintf(buf, len, "%s:%u", pos->input_name,
-                                  pos->linenr);
-}
-
-const char *dbg_retrieve(const dbg_info *dbg, unsigned *line)
+static const char *dbg_retrieve(const dbg_info *dbg, unsigned *line)
 {
        const source_position_t *pos = (const source_position_t*) dbg;
        if (pos == NULL)
@@ -161,6 +157,21 @@ static dbg_info *get_dbg_info(const source_position_t *pos)
        return (dbg_info*) pos;
 }
 
+static void dbg_print_type_dbg_info(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size,
+                                    const type_dbg_info *dbg)
+{
+       assert(dbg != NULL);
+       print_to_buffer(buffer, buffer_size);
+       const type_t *type = (const type_t*) dbg;
+       print_type(type);
+       finish_print_to_buffer();
+}
+
+static type_dbg_info *get_type_dbg_info_(const type_t *type)
+{
+       return (type_dbg_info*) type;
+}
+
 static ir_mode *atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1];
 
 static ir_mode *mode_int, *mode_uint;
@@ -257,13 +268,13 @@ static ir_node *get_vla_size(array_type_t *const type)
 /**
  * Return a node representing the size of a type.
  */
-static ir_node *get_type_size(type_t *type)
+static ir_node *get_type_size_node(type_t *type)
 {
        type = skip_typeref(type);
 
        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla) {
                ir_node *size_node = get_vla_size(&type->array);
-               ir_node *elem_size = get_type_size(type->array.element_type);
+               ir_node *elem_size = get_type_size_node(type->array.element_type);
                ir_mode *mode      = get_irn_mode(size_node);
                ir_node *real_size = new_d_Mul(NULL, size_node, elem_size, mode);
                return real_size;
@@ -287,28 +298,15 @@ static unsigned count_parameters(const function_type_t *function_type)
        return count;
 }
 
-static type_t *get_aligned_type(type_t *type, int alignment)
-{
-       if (alignment == 0)
-               return type;
-
-       type = skip_typeref(type);
-       if (alignment > type->base.alignment) {
-               type_t *copy         = duplicate_type(type);
-               copy->base.alignment = alignment;
-               type                 = identify_new_type(copy);
-       }
-       return type;
-}
-
 /**
  * Creates a Firm type for an atomic type
  */
-static ir_type *create_atomic_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, int alignment)
+static ir_type *create_atomic_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, const type_t *type)
 {
-       ir_mode            *mode   = atomic_modes[akind];
-       ident              *id     = get_mode_ident(mode);
-       ir_type            *irtype = new_type_primitive(id, mode);
+       ir_mode        *mode      = atomic_modes[akind];
+       type_dbg_info  *dbgi      = get_type_dbg_info_(type);
+       ir_type        *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(mode, dbgi);
+       il_alignment_t  alignment = get_atomic_type_alignment(akind);
 
        set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, alignment);
 
@@ -333,26 +331,20 @@ static ir_type *create_complex_type(const complex_type_t *type)
 /**
  * Creates a Firm type for an imaginary type
  */
-static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
+static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(imaginary_type_t *type)
 {
-       atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
-       ir_mode            *mode      = atomic_modes[kind];
-       ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
-       ir_type            *irtype    = new_type_primitive(id, mode);
-
-       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);
-
-       return irtype;
+       return create_atomic_type(type->akind, (const type_t*) type);
 }
 
 /**
  * return type of a parameter (and take transparent union gnu extension into
  * account)
  */
-static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *type)
+static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *orig_type)
 {
-       type = skip_typeref(type);
-       if (type->base.modifiers & TYPE_MODIFIER_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
+       type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
+       if (is_type_union(type)
+                       && get_type_modifiers(orig_type) & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
                compound_t *compound = type->compound.compound;
                type                 = compound->members.entities->declaration.type;
        }
@@ -360,14 +352,15 @@ static type_t *get_parameter_type(type_t *type)
        return type;
 }
 
-static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
+static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type, bool for_closure)
 {
-       type_t  *return_type  = skip_typeref(function_type->return_type);
+       type_t        *return_type  = skip_typeref(function_type->return_type);
 
-       ident   *id           = id_unique("functiontype.%u");
-       int      n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type);
-       int      n_results    = return_type == type_void ? 0 : 1;
-       ir_type *irtype       = new_type_method(id, n_parameters, n_results);
+       int            n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type)
+                                      + (for_closure ? 1 : 0);
+       int            n_results    = return_type == type_void ? 0 : 1;
+       type_dbg_info *dbgi         = get_type_dbg_info_((const type_t*) function_type);
+       ir_type       *irtype       = new_d_type_method(n_parameters, n_results, dbgi);
 
        if (return_type != type_void) {
                ir_type *restype = get_ir_type(return_type);
@@ -376,6 +369,11 @@ static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
 
        function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
        int                   n         = 0;
+       if (for_closure) {
+               ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(type_void_ptr);
+               set_method_param_type(irtype, n, p_irtype);
+               ++n;
+       }
        for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
                type_t  *type     = get_parameter_type(parameter->type);
                ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(type);
@@ -383,9 +381,10 @@ static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
                ++n;
        }
 
-       if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
+       bool is_variadic = function_type->variadic;
+
+       if (is_variadic)
                set_method_variadicity(irtype, variadicity_variadic);
-       }
 
        unsigned cc = get_method_calling_convention(irtype);
        switch (function_type->calling_convention) {
@@ -396,7 +395,7 @@ is_cdecl:
                break;
 
        case CC_STDCALL:
-               if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters)
+               if (is_variadic)
                        goto is_cdecl;
 
                /* only non-variadic function can use stdcall, else use cdecl */
@@ -404,7 +403,7 @@ is_cdecl:
                break;
 
        case CC_FASTCALL:
-               if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters)
+               if (is_variadic)
                        goto is_cdecl;
                /* only non-variadic function can use fastcall, else use cdecl */
                set_method_calling_convention(irtype, SET_FASTCALL(cc));
@@ -415,36 +414,38 @@ is_cdecl:
                break;
        }
 
+       if (for_closure)
+               set_method_calling_convention(irtype, get_method_calling_convention(irtype) | cc_this_call);
+
        return irtype;
 }
 
 static ir_type *create_pointer_type(pointer_type_t *type)
 {
-       type_t   *points_to    = type->points_to;
-       ir_type  *ir_points_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(points_to);
-       ir_type  *ir_type      = new_type_pointer(id_unique("pointer.%u"),
-                                                 ir_points_to, mode_P_data);
+       type_dbg_info *dbgi         = get_type_dbg_info_((const type_t*) type);
+       type_t        *points_to    = type->points_to;
+       ir_type       *ir_points_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(points_to);
+       ir_type       *ir_type      = new_d_type_pointer(ir_points_to, dbgi);
 
        return ir_type;
 }
 
 static ir_type *create_reference_type(reference_type_t *type)
 {
-       type_t  *refers_to    = type->refers_to;
-       ir_type *ir_refers_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(refers_to);
-       ir_type *ir_type      = new_type_pointer(id_unique("reference.%u"),
-                                                ir_refers_to, mode_P_data);
+       type_dbg_info *dbgi         = get_type_dbg_info_((const type_t*) type);
+       type_t        *refers_to    = type->refers_to;
+       ir_type       *ir_refers_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(refers_to);
+       ir_type       *ir_type      = new_d_type_pointer(ir_refers_to, dbgi);
 
        return ir_type;
 }
 
 static ir_type *create_array_type(array_type_t *type)
 {
-       type_t  *element_type    = type->element_type;
-       ir_type *ir_element_type = get_ir_type(element_type);
-
-       ident    *id      = id_unique("array.%u");
-       ir_type  *ir_type = new_type_array(id, 1, ir_element_type);
+       type_dbg_info *dbgi            = get_type_dbg_info_((const type_t*) type);
+       type_t        *element_type    = type->element_type;
+       ir_type       *ir_element_type = get_ir_type(element_type);
+       ir_type       *ir_type         = new_d_type_array(1, ir_element_type, dbgi);
 
        const int align = get_type_alignment_bytes(ir_element_type);
        set_type_alignment_bytes(ir_type, align);
@@ -473,7 +474,8 @@ static ir_type *create_array_type(array_type_t *type)
  * @param size   the size
  */
 static ir_type *get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
-                                                 unsigned size)
+                                                 unsigned size,
+                                                                                                const type_t *type)
 {
        static ir_mode *s_modes[64 + 1] = {NULL, };
        ir_type *res;
@@ -492,11 +494,8 @@ static ir_type *get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
                s_modes[size] = mode;
        }
 
-       char name[32];
-       snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "I%u", size);
-       ident *id = new_id_from_str(name);
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&builtin_source_position);
-       res = new_d_type_primitive(id_mangle_u(get_type_ident(base_tp), id), mode, dbgi);
+       type_dbg_info *dbgi = get_type_dbg_info_(type);
+       res                 = new_d_type_primitive(mode, dbgi);
        set_primitive_base_type(res, base_tp);
 
        return res;
@@ -508,7 +507,8 @@ static ir_type *get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
  * @param size   the size
  */
 static ir_type *get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
-                                                   unsigned size)
+                                                   unsigned size,
+                                                                                                  const type_t *type)
 {
        static ir_mode *u_modes[64 + 1] = {NULL, };
        ir_type *res;
@@ -527,12 +527,8 @@ static ir_type *get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
                u_modes[size] = mode;
        }
 
-       char name[32];
-
-       snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "U%u", size);
-       ident *id = new_id_from_str(name);
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&builtin_source_position);
-       res = new_d_type_primitive(id_mangle_u(get_type_ident(base_tp), id), mode, dbgi);
+       type_dbg_info *dbgi = get_type_dbg_info_(type);
+       res = new_d_type_primitive(mode, dbgi);
        set_primitive_base_type(res, base_tp);
 
        return res;
@@ -548,9 +544,11 @@ static ir_type *create_bitfield_type(bitfield_type_t *const type)
 
        assert(!is_type_float(base));
        if (is_type_signed(base)) {
-               return get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size);
+               return get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size,
+                                                       (const type_t*) type);
        } else {
-               return get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size);
+               return get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size,
+                                                         (const type_t*) type);
        }
 }
 
@@ -563,13 +561,8 @@ enum {
 
 /**
  * Construct firm type from ast struct type.
- *
- * As anonymous inner structs get flattened to a single firm type, we might get
- * irtype, outer_offset and out_align passed (they represent the position of
- * the anonymous inner struct inside the resulting firm struct)
  */
-static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
-                                     size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align,
+static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type,
                                      bool incomplete, bool is_union)
 {
        compound_t *compound = type->compound;
@@ -578,41 +571,37 @@ static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                return compound->irtype;
        }
 
-       size_t align_all  = 1;
-       size_t offset     = 0;
-       size_t bit_offset = 0;
-       size_t size       = 0;
-
-       if (irtype == NULL) {
-               symbol_t *symbol = compound->base.symbol;
-               ident    *id;
-               if (symbol != NULL) {
-                       id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       if (is_union) {
-                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
-                       } else {
-                               id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
-                       }
-               }
-               dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&compound->base.source_position);
-
+       symbol_t *symbol = compound->base.symbol;
+       ident    *id;
+       if (symbol != NULL) {
+               id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
+       } else {
                if (is_union) {
-                       irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
+                       id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
                } else {
-                       irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
+                       id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
                }
+       }
 
-               compound->irtype_complete = false;
-               compound->irtype          = irtype;
+       ir_type *irtype;
+       if (is_union) {
+               irtype = new_type_union(id);
        } else {
-               offset    = *outer_offset;
-               align_all = *outer_align;
+               irtype = new_type_struct(id);
        }
 
+       compound->irtype_complete = false;
+       compound->irtype          = irtype;
+
        if (incomplete)
                return irtype;
 
+       if (is_union) {
+               layout_union_type(type);
+       } else {
+               layout_struct_type(type);
+       }
+
        compound->irtype_complete = true;
 
        entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
@@ -620,130 +609,37 @@ static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                if (entry->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
                        continue;
 
-               size_t prev_offset = offset;
-
                symbol_t *symbol     = entry->base.symbol;
-               type_t   *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
-               entry_type
-                       = get_aligned_type(entry_type, entry->compound_member.alignment);
-               dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->base.source_position);
-
+               type_t   *entry_type = entry->declaration.type;
                ident    *ident;
-               if (symbol != NULL) {
-                       ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
-               } else {
-                       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
-                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
-                               goto finished_member;
-                       } else if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
-                               create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
-                                                    &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
-                               goto finished_member;
-                       } else {
-                               assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
-                       }
+               if (symbol == NULL) {
+                       /* anonymous bitfield member, skip */
+                       if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD)
+                               continue;
+                       assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
+                                       || entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
                        ident = id_unique("anon.%u");
-               }
-
-               ir_type *base_irtype;
-               if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
-                       base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type->bitfield.base_type);
                } else {
-                       base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
+                       ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                }
 
-               size_t entry_alignment = get_type_alignment_bytes(base_irtype);
-               size_t misalign        = offset % entry_alignment;
+               dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->base.source_position);
 
                ir_type   *entry_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
                ir_entity *entity = new_d_entity(irtype, ident, entry_irtype, dbgi);
 
-               size_t base;
-               size_t bits_remainder;
-               if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
-                       size_t size_bits      = entry_type->bitfield.bit_size;
-                       size_t rest_size_bits = (entry_alignment - misalign)*8 - bit_offset;
-
-                       if (size_bits > rest_size_bits) {
-                               /* start a new bucket */
-                               offset     += entry_alignment - misalign;
-                               bit_offset  = 0;
-
-                               base           = offset;
-                               bits_remainder = 0;
-                       } else {
-                               /* put into current bucket */
-                               base           = offset - misalign;
-                               bits_remainder = misalign * 8 + bit_offset;
-                       }
-
-                       offset     += size_bits / 8;
-                       bit_offset  = bit_offset + (size_bits % 8);
-               } else {
-                       size_t entry_size = get_type_size_bytes(base_irtype);
-                       if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0)
-                               offset += entry_alignment - misalign;
-
-                       base           = offset;
-                       bits_remainder = 0;
-                       offset        += entry_size;
-                       bit_offset     = 0;
-               }
-
-               if (entry_alignment > align_all) {
-                       if (entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
-                               panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
-                       }
-                       align_all = entry_alignment;
-               }
-
-               set_entity_offset(entity, base);
+               set_entity_offset(entity, entry->compound_member.offset);
                set_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity,
-                                                (unsigned char) bits_remainder);
-               //add_struct_member(irtype, entity);
-               entry->declaration.kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
-               assert(entry->compound_member.entity == NULL);
-               entry->compound_member.entity = entity;
-
-finished_member:
-               if (is_union) {
-                       size_t entry_size = offset - prev_offset;
-                       if (entry_size > size) {
-                               size = entry_size;
-                       }
-                       offset     = 0;
-                       bit_offset = 0;
-               }
-       }
+                                                entry->compound_member.bit_offset);
 
-       if (!is_union) {
-               size = offset;
-       }
-
-       size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
-       if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
-               size += align_all - misalign;
+               assert(entry->declaration.kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
+               entry->declaration.kind       = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
+               entry->compound_member.entity = entity;
        }
 
-       if (outer_offset != NULL) {
-               if (!is_union) {
-                       *outer_offset = offset;
-               } else {
-                       *outer_offset += size;
-               }
-
-               if (align_all > *outer_align) {
-                       if (align_all % *outer_align != 0) {
-                               panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
-                       }
-                       *outer_align = align_all;
-               }
-       } else {
-               set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
-               set_type_size_bytes(irtype, size);
-               set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
-       }
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, compound->alignment);
+       set_type_size_bytes(irtype, compound->size);
+       set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
 
        return irtype;
 }
@@ -754,7 +650,7 @@ static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
 
        ir_mode *const mode    = mode_int;
        tarval  *const one     = get_mode_one(mode);
-       tarval  *      tv_next = get_tarval_null(mode);
+       tarval  *      tv_next = get_mode_null(mode);
 
        bool constant_folding_old = constant_folding;
        constant_folding = true;
@@ -779,7 +675,7 @@ static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
 
        constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
 
-       return create_atomic_type(type->akind, type->base.alignment);
+       return create_atomic_type(type->akind, (const type_t*) type);
 }
 
 static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
@@ -794,11 +690,9 @@ static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
 
        switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                           true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+               return create_compound_type(&type->compound, true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
        default:
                return get_ir_type(type);
        }
@@ -819,11 +713,10 @@ ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
        switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
                /* Happens while constant folding, when there was an error */
-               return create_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, 0);
+               return create_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, NULL);
 
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
-               firm_type = create_atomic_type(type->atomic.akind,
-                                              type->base.alignment);
+               firm_type = create_atomic_type(type->atomic.akind, type);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPLEX:
                firm_type = create_complex_type(&type->complex);
@@ -832,7 +725,7 @@ ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
                firm_type = create_imaginary_type(&type->imaginary);
                break;
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
-               firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function);
+               firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function, false);
                break;
        case TYPE_POINTER:
                firm_type = create_pointer_type(&type->pointer);
@@ -844,12 +737,10 @@ ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
                firm_type = create_array_type(&type->array);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
-               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
-               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                                false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
+               firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
                break;
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                firm_type = create_enum_type(&type->enumt);
@@ -994,23 +885,25 @@ static ident* (*create_ld_ident)(entity_t*) = create_name_linux_elf;
  * @param ent   the entity
  * @param decl  the routine declaration
  */
-static void handle_gnu_attributes_ent(ir_entity *irentity, entity_t *entity)
+static void handle_decl_modifiers(ir_entity *irentity, entity_t *entity)
 {
        assert(is_declaration(entity));
        decl_modifiers_t modifiers = entity->declaration.modifiers;
-       if (modifiers & DM_PURE) {
-               /* TRUE if the declaration includes the GNU
-                  __attribute__((pure)) specifier. */
-               set_entity_additional_property(irentity, mtp_property_pure);
-       }
-       if (modifiers & DM_CONST) {
-               set_entity_additional_property(irentity, mtp_property_const);
-               have_const_functions = true;
+
+       if (is_method_entity(irentity)) {
+               if (modifiers & DM_PURE) {
+                       set_entity_additional_property(irentity, mtp_property_pure);
+               }
+               if (modifiers & DM_CONST) {
+                       set_entity_additional_property(irentity, mtp_property_const);
+                       have_const_functions = true;
+               }
        }
        if (modifiers & DM_USED) {
-               /* TRUE if the declaration includes the GNU
-                  __attribute__((used)) specifier. */
-               set_entity_stickyness(irentity, stickyness_sticky);
+               add_entity_linkage(irentity, IR_LINKAGE_HIDDEN_USER);
+       }
+       if (modifiers & DM_WEAK) {
+               add_entity_linkage(irentity, IR_LINKAGE_WEAK);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1033,13 +926,22 @@ static bool is_main(entity_t *entity)
 /**
  * Creates an entity representing a function.
  *
- * @param declaration  the function declaration
+ * @param entity       the function declaration/definition
+ * @param owner_type   the owner type of this function, NULL
+ *                     for global functions
  */
-static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
+static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity, ir_type *owner_type)
 {
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
-       if (entity->function.entity != NULL) {
-               return entity->function.entity;
+       if (entity->function.irentity != NULL) {
+               return entity->function.irentity;
+       }
+
+       entity_t *original_entity = entity;
+       if (entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+               entity = get_builtin_replacement(entity);
+               if (entity == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
        }
 
        if (is_main(entity)) {
@@ -1057,52 +959,68 @@ static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
        symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
        ident    *id     = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
 
-       ir_type   *global_type    = get_glob_type();
-       ir_type   *ir_type_method = get_ir_type(entity->declaration.type);
-       bool const has_body       = entity->function.statement != NULL;
-
        /* already an entity defined? */
        ir_entity *irentity = entitymap_get(&entitymap, symbol);
+       bool const has_body = entity->function.statement != NULL;
        if (irentity != NULL) {
-               if (get_entity_visibility(irentity) == visibility_external_allocated
+               if (get_entity_visibility(irentity) == ir_visibility_external
                                && has_body) {
-                       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
+                       set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_default);
                }
                goto entity_created;
        }
 
+       ir_type *ir_type_method;
+       if (entity->function.need_closure)
+               ir_type_method = create_method_type(&entity->declaration.type->function, true);
+       else
+               ir_type_method = get_ir_type(entity->declaration.type);
+
+       bool nested_function = false;
+       if (owner_type == NULL)
+               owner_type = get_glob_type();
+       else
+               nested_function = true;
+
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&entity->base.source_position);
-       irentity             = new_d_entity(global_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(irentity, create_ld_ident(entity));
-
-       handle_gnu_attributes_ent(irentity, entity);
-
-       /* static inline             => local
-        * extern inline             => local
-        * inline without definition => local
-        * inline with definition    => external_visible */
-       storage_class_tag_t const storage_class
-               = (storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class;
-       bool                const is_inline     = entity->function.is_inline;
-       if (is_inline && storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && has_body) {
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
-       } else if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
-                  (is_inline && has_body)) {
-               if (!has_body) {
-                       /* this entity was declared, but is defined nowhere */
-                       set_entity_peculiarity(irentity, peculiarity_description);
+       irentity             = new_d_entity(owner_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
+
+       ident *ld_id;
+       if (nested_function)
+               ld_id = id_unique("inner.%u");
+       else
+               ld_id = create_ld_ident(entity);
+       set_entity_ld_ident(irentity, ld_id);
+
+       handle_decl_modifiers(irentity, entity);
+
+       if (! nested_function) {
+               /* static inline             => local
+                * extern inline             => local
+                * inline without definition => local
+                * inline with definition    => external_visible */
+               storage_class_tag_t const storage_class
+                       = (storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class;
+               bool                const is_inline     = entity->function.is_inline;
+
+               if (is_inline && storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && has_body) {
+                   set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_default);
+               } else if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
+                          (is_inline && has_body)) {
+                   set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_local);
+               } else if (has_body) {
+                   set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_default);
+               } else {
+                   set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_external);
                }
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_local);
-       } else if (has_body) {
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_visible);
        } else {
-               set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_external_allocated);
+               /* nested functions are always local */
+               set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_local);
        }
-       set_entity_allocation(irentity, allocation_static);
 
        /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
           this is not needed. */
-       if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
+       if (! firm_opt.freestanding && !has_body) {
                /* check for a known runtime function */
                for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(rts_data); ++i) {
                        if (id != rts_idents[i])
@@ -1119,12 +1037,28 @@ static ir_entity *get_function_entity(entity_t *entity)
        entitymap_insert(&entitymap, symbol, irentity);
 
 entity_created:
-       entity->declaration.kind = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
-       entity->function.entity  = irentity;
+       original_entity->declaration.kind  = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
+       original_entity->function.irentity = irentity;
 
        return irentity;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a SymConst for a given entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the SymConst
+ * @param entity  the entity
+ */
+static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
+                                ir_entity *entity)
+{
+       assert(entity != NULL);
+       union symconst_symbol sym;
+       sym.entity_p = entity;
+       return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode, sym, symconst_addr_ent);
+}
+
 static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
 {
        ir_mode *value_mode = get_irn_mode(value);
@@ -1143,90 +1077,44 @@ static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
 }
 
 /**
- * Creates a Const node representing a constant.
+ * Creates a SymConst node representing a wide string literal.
+ *
+ * @param literal   the wide string literal
  */
-static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
+static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
+               const string_literal_expression_t *literal)
 {
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
-       type_t   *type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
-       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+       ir_type  *const global_type = get_glob_type();
+       ir_type  *const elem_type   = ir_type_wchar_t;
+       dbg_info *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&literal->base.source_position);
+       ir_type  *const type        = new_type_array(1, elem_type);
 
-       char    buf[128];
-       tarval *tv;
-       size_t  len;
-       if (mode_is_float(mode)) {
-               tv = new_tarval_from_double(cnst->v.float_value, mode);
-       } else {
-               if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
-                       len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
-               } else {
-                       len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu",
-                                      (unsigned long long) cnst->v.int_value);
-               }
-               tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);
-       }
+       ident     *const id     = id_unique("str.%u");
+       ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
+       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
+       set_entity_visibility(entity, ir_visibility_private);
+       add_entity_linkage(entity, IR_LINKAGE_CONSTANT);
 
-       ir_node *res        = new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
-       ir_mode *mode_arith = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
-       return create_conv(dbgi, res, mode_arith);
-}
+       ir_mode      *const mode = get_type_mode(elem_type);
+       const size_t        slen = wstrlen(&literal->value);
 
-/**
- * Creates a Const node representing a character constant.
- */
-static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
-       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(cnst->base.type);
+       set_array_lower_bound_int(type, 0, 0);
+       set_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0, slen);
+       set_type_size_bytes(type, slen * get_mode_size_bytes(mode));
+       set_type_state(type, layout_fixed);
 
-       long long int v;
-       size_t const  size = cnst->v.character.size;
-       if (size == 1 && char_is_signed) {
-               v = (signed char)cnst->v.character.begin[0];
-       } else {
-               v = 0;
-               for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-                       v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
-               }
+       ir_initializer_t *initializer = create_initializer_compound(slen);
+       const char              *p    = literal->value.begin;
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < slen; ++i) {
+               assert(p < literal->value.begin + literal->value.size);
+               utf32              v  = read_utf8_char(&p);
+               tarval           *tv  = new_tarval_from_long(v, mode);
+               ir_initializer_t *val = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
+               set_initializer_compound_value(initializer, i, val);
        }
-       char    buf[128];
-       size_t  len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
-       tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);
-
-       return new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
-}
-
-/**
- * Creates a Const node representing a wide character constant.
- */
-static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
-{
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
-       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(cnst->base.type);
-
-       long long int v = cnst->v.wide_character.begin[0];
+       set_entity_initializer(entity, initializer);
 
-       char    buf[128];
-       size_t  len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
-       tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);
-
-       return new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
-}
-
-/**
- * Creates a SymConst for a given entity.
- *
- * @param dbgi    debug info
- * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the SymConst
- * @param entity  the entity
- */
-static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
-                              ir_entity *entity)
-{
-       assert(entity != NULL);
-       union symconst_symbol sym;
-       sym.entity_p = entity;
-       return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode, sym, symconst_addr_ent);
+       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1242,14 +1130,13 @@ static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
 {
        ir_type  *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        dbg_info *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(src_pos);
-       ir_type  *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
-                                                      ir_type_const_char, dbgi);
+       ir_type  *const type        = new_type_array(1, ir_type_const_char);
 
        ident     *const id     = id_unique(id_prefix);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
-       set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
-       set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
+       set_entity_visibility(entity, ir_visibility_private);
+       add_entity_linkage(entity, IR_LINKAGE_CONSTANT);
 
        ir_type *const elem_type = ir_type_const_char;
        ir_mode *const mode      = get_type_mode(elem_type);
@@ -1262,68 +1149,261 @@ static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
        set_type_size_bytes(type, slen);
        set_type_state(type, layout_fixed);
 
-       tarval **const tvs = xmalloc(slen * sizeof(tvs[0]));
+       ir_initializer_t *initializer = create_initializer_compound(slen);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < slen; ++i) {
-               tvs[i] = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+               tarval           *tv  = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+               ir_initializer_t *val = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
+               set_initializer_compound_value(initializer, i, val);
        }
-
-       set_array_entity_values(entity, tvs, slen);
-       free(tvs);
+       set_entity_initializer(entity, initializer);
 
        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
 }
 
+static bool try_create_integer(literal_expression_t *literal,
+                               type_t *type, unsigned char base)
+{
+       const char *string = literal->value.begin;
+       size_t      size   = literal->value.size;
+
+       assert(type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC);
+       atomic_type_kind_t akind = type->atomic.akind;
+
+       ir_mode *mode = atomic_modes[akind];
+       tarval  *tv   = new_integer_tarval_from_str(string, size, 1, base, mode);
+       if (tv == tarval_bad)
+               return false;
+
+       literal->base.type    = type;
+       literal->target_value = tv;
+       return true;
+}
+
+static void create_integer_tarval(literal_expression_t *literal)
+{
+       unsigned  us     = 0;
+       unsigned  ls     = 0;
+       symbol_t *suffix = literal->suffix;
+       /* parse suffix */
+       if (suffix != NULL) {
+               for (const char *c = suffix->string; *c != '\0'; ++c) {
+                       if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') { ++us; }
+                       if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') { ++ls; }
+               }
+       }
+
+       unsigned char base = 10;
+       if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL) {
+               base = 8;
+       } else if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL) {
+               base = 16;
+       } else {
+               assert(literal->base.kind == EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER);
+       }
+
+       tarval_int_overflow_mode_t old_mode = tarval_get_integer_overflow_mode();
+
+       /* now try if the constant is small enough for some types */
+       tarval_set_integer_overflow_mode(TV_OVERFLOW_BAD);
+       if (ls < 1) {
+               if (us == 0 && try_create_integer(literal, type_int, base))
+                       goto finished;
+               if ((us == 1 || base != 10)
+                               && try_create_integer(literal, type_unsigned_int, base))
+                       goto finished;
+       }
+       if (ls < 2) {
+               if (us == 0 && try_create_integer(literal, type_long, base))
+                       goto finished;
+               if ((us == 1 || base != 10)
+                               && try_create_integer(literal, type_unsigned_long, base))
+                       goto finished;
+       }
+       /* last try? then we should not report tarval_bad */
+       if (us != 1 && base == 10)
+               tarval_set_integer_overflow_mode(TV_OVERFLOW_WRAP);
+       if (us == 0 && try_create_integer(literal, type_long_long, base))
+               goto finished;
+
+       /* last try */
+       assert(us == 1 || base != 10);
+       tarval_set_integer_overflow_mode(TV_OVERFLOW_WRAP);
+       bool res = try_create_integer(literal, type_unsigned_long_long, base);
+       if (res == false)
+               panic("internal error when parsing number literal");
+
+finished:
+       tarval_set_integer_overflow_mode(old_mode);
+}
+
+void determine_literal_type(literal_expression_t *literal)
+{
+       switch (literal->base.kind) {
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL:
+               create_integer_tarval(literal);
+               return;
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
 /**
- * Creates a SymConst node representing a string literal.
- *
- * @param literal   the string literal
+ * Creates a Const node representing a constant.
  */
-static ir_node *string_literal_to_firm(
-               const string_literal_expression_t* literal)
+static ir_node *literal_to_firm(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 {
-       return string_to_firm(&literal->base.source_position, "Lstr.%u",
-                             &literal->value);
+       type_t     *type   = skip_typeref(literal->base.type);
+       ir_mode    *mode   = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+       const char *string = literal->value.begin;
+       size_t      size   = literal->value.size;
+       tarval     *tv;
+
+       switch (literal->base.kind) {
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER: {
+               utf32  v = read_utf8_char(&string);
+               char   buf[128];
+               size_t len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), UTF32_PRINTF_FORMAT, v);
+
+               tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);
+               goto make_const;
+       }
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER: {
+               long long int v;
+               if (size == 1 && char_is_signed) {
+                       v = (signed char)string[0];
+               } else {
+                       v = 0;
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+                               v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)string[i]);
+                       }
+               }
+               char   buf[128];
+               size_t len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
+
+               tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);
+               goto make_const;
+       }
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL:
+               assert(literal->target_value != NULL);
+               tv = literal->target_value;
+               goto make_const;
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
+               tv = new_tarval_from_str(string, size, mode);
+               goto make_const;
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL: {
+               char *buffer = alloca(size + 2);
+               memcpy(buffer, "0x", 2);
+               memcpy(buffer+2, string, size);
+               tv = new_tarval_from_str(buffer, size+2, mode);
+               goto make_const;
+       }
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
+               if (string[0] == 't') {
+                       tv = get_mode_one(mode);
+               } else {
+                       assert(string[0] == 'f');
+                       tv = get_mode_null(mode);
+               }
+               goto make_const;
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
+               tv = get_mode_null(mode);
+               goto make_const;
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+       panic("Invalid literal kind found");
+
+make_const: ;
+       dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&literal->base.source_position);
+       ir_node  *res        = new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
+       ir_mode  *mode_arith = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
+       return create_conv(dbgi, res, mode_arith);
 }
 
-/**
- * Creates a SymConst node representing a wide string literal.
- *
- * @param literal   the wide string literal
+/*
+ * Allocate an area of size bytes aligned at alignment
+ * at a frame type.
  */
-static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
-       const wide_string_literal_expression_t* const literal)
+static ir_entity *alloc_trampoline(ir_type *frame_type, int size, unsigned alignment)
 {
-       ir_type *const global_type = get_glob_type();
-       ir_type *const elem_type   = ir_type_wchar_t;
-       dbg_info *const dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&literal->base.source_position);
-       ir_type *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
-                                                   elem_type, dbgi);
+       static unsigned area_cnt = 0;
+       char buf[32];
 
-       ident     *const id     = id_unique("Lstr.%u");
-       ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
-       set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
-       set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
-       set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);
+       ir_type *tp = new_type_array(1, ir_type_char);
+       set_array_bounds_int(tp, 0, 0, size);
+       set_type_alignment_bytes(tp, alignment);
 
-       ir_mode *const mode      = get_type_mode(elem_type);
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "trampolin%u", area_cnt++);
+       ident *name = new_id_from_str(buf);
+       ir_entity *area = new_entity(frame_type, name, tp);
 
-       const wchar_rep_t *const string = literal->value.begin;
-       const size_t             slen   = literal->value.size;
+       /* mark this entity as compiler generated */
+       set_entity_compiler_generated(area, 1);
+       return area;
+}
 
-       set_array_lower_bound_int(type, 0, 0);
-       set_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0, slen);
-       set_type_size_bytes(type, slen);
-       set_type_state(type, layout_fixed);
+/**
+ * Return a node representing a trampoline region
+ * for a given function entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param entity  the function entity
+ */
+static ir_node *get_trampoline_region(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_entity *entity)
+{
+       ir_entity *region = NULL;
+       int        i;
 
-       tarval **const tvs = xmalloc(slen * sizeof(tvs[0]));
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < slen; ++i) {
-               tvs[i] = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
+       if (current_trampolines != NULL) {
+               for (i = ARR_LEN(current_trampolines) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                       if (current_trampolines[i].function == entity) {
+                               region = current_trampolines[i].region;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               current_trampolines = NEW_ARR_F(trampoline_region, 0);
+       }
+       ir_graph *irg = current_ir_graph;
+       if (region == NULL) {
+               /* create a new region */
+               ir_type           *frame_tp = get_irg_frame_type(irg);
+               trampoline_region  reg;
+               reg.function = entity;
+
+               reg.region   = alloc_trampoline(frame_tp,
+                                               be_params->trampoline_size,
+                                               be_params->trampoline_align);
+               ARR_APP1(trampoline_region, current_trampolines, reg);
+               region = reg.region;
        }
+       return new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(irg), get_irg_frame(irg),
+                              region);
+}
 
-       set_array_entity_values(entity, tvs, slen);
-       free(tvs);
+/**
+ * Creates a trampoline for a function represented by an entity.
+ *
+ * @param dbgi    debug info
+ * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the function address
+ * @param entity  the function entity
+ */
+static ir_node *create_trampoline(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
+                                  ir_entity *entity)
+{
+       assert(entity != NULL);
+       ir_node *in[3];
+       in[0] = get_trampoline_region(dbgi, entity);
+       in[1] = create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity);
+       in[2] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
 
-       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), 3, in, ir_bk_inner_trampoline, get_unknown_type());
+       set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
+       return new_Proj(irn, mode, pn_Builtin_1_result);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1402,6 +1482,22 @@ static ir_node *get_global_var_address(dbg_info *const dbgi,
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns the correct base address depending on whether it is a parameter or a
+ * normal local variable.
+ */
+static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
+{
+       ir_graph      *const irg   = current_ir_graph;
+       const ir_type *const owner = get_entity_owner(ent);
+       if (owner == current_outer_frame || owner == current_outer_value_type) {
+               assert(current_static_link != NULL);
+               return current_static_link;
+       } else {
+               return get_irg_frame(irg);
+       }
+}
+
 /**
  * Keep all memory edges of the given block.
  */
@@ -1436,6 +1532,25 @@ static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        /* make sure the type is constructed */
        (void) get_ir_type(type);
 
+       if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION && entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+               ir_entity *irentity = get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
+               /* for gcc compatibility we have to produce (dummy) addresses for some
+                * builtins which don't have entities */
+               if (irentity == NULL) {
+                       if (warning.other) {
+                               warningf(&ref->base.source_position,
+                                               "taking address of builtin '%Y'",
+                                               ref->entity->base.symbol);
+                       }
+
+                       /* simply create a NULL pointer */
+                       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_void_ptr);
+                       ir_node  *res  = new_Const_long(mode, 0);
+
+                       return res;
+               }
+       }
+
        switch ((declaration_kind_t) entity->declaration.kind) {
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
                break;
@@ -1452,32 +1567,16 @@ static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
-
-               if (entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
-                       /* for gcc compatibility we have to produce (dummy) addresses for some
-                        * builtins */
-                       if (warning.other) {
-                               warningf(&ref->base.source_position,
-                                       "taking address of builtin '%Y'", ref->entity->base.symbol);
-                       }
-
-                       /* simply create a NULL pointer */
-                       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_void_ptr);
-                       ir_node  *res  = new_Const_long(mode, 0);
-
-                       return res;
-               }
-               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
                if (!entity->function.goto_to_outer && !entity->function.need_closure) {
                        /* inner function not using the closure */
-                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
                } else {
-                       /* TODO: need trampoline here */
-                       panic("Trampoline code not implemented");
-                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+                       /* need trampoline here */
+                       return create_trampoline(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
                }
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
@@ -1488,13 +1587,13 @@ static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
-               ir_node   *frame    = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_node   *frame    = get_local_frame(irentity);
                ir_node   *sel = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, irentity);
                return deref_address(dbgi, entity->declaration.type, sel);
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_PARAMETER_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *irentity = entity->parameter.v.entity;
-               ir_node   *frame    = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_node   *frame    = get_local_frame(irentity);
                ir_node   *sel = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, irentity);
                return deref_address(dbgi, entity->declaration.type, sel);
        }
@@ -1529,14 +1628,14 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
-               ir_node   *frame    = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_node   *frame    = get_local_frame(irentity);
                ir_node   *sel = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, irentity);
 
                return sel;
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_PARAMETER_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *irentity = entity->parameter.v.entity;
-               ir_node   *frame    = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_node   *frame    = get_local_frame(irentity);
                ir_node   *sel = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, irentity);
 
                return sel;
@@ -1548,10 +1647,21 @@ static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                type_t  *const type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
-               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.entity);
+               return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
+       }
+
+       case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION: {
+               type_t  *const type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
+               ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+               if (!entity->function.goto_to_outer && !entity->function.need_closure) {
+                       /* inner function not using the closure */
+                       return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
+               } else {
+                       /* need trampoline here */
+                       return create_trampoline(dbgi, mode, entity->function.irentity);
+               }
        }
 
-       case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
        }
@@ -1574,7 +1684,7 @@ static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op, type_t
 
        ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
        ir_type *res = get_method_res_type(tp, 0);
-       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), kind, 1, in, tp);
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), 1, in, kind, tp);
        set_irn_pinned(irn, op_pin_state_floats);
        return new_Proj(irn, get_type_mode(res), pn_Builtin_1_result);
 }
@@ -1587,7 +1697,8 @@ static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op, type_t
  * @param function_type  the function type for the GNU builtin routine
  * @param db             debug info
  */
-static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin_pinned(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op, type_t *function_type, dbg_info *db)
+static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin_pinned(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op,
+                                         type_t *function_type, dbg_info *db)
 {
        ir_node *in[1];
        in[0] = expression_to_firm(op);
@@ -1595,12 +1706,11 @@ static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin_pinned(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op,
        ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
        ir_type *res = get_method_res_type(tp, 0);
        ir_node *mem = get_store();
-       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, mem, kind, 1, in, tp);
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, mem, 1, in, kind, tp);
        set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
        return new_Proj(irn, get_type_mode(res), pn_Builtin_1_result);
 }
 
-
 /**
  * Generate an binary-void-return builtin.
  *
@@ -1610,8 +1720,9 @@ static ir_node *gen_unary_builtin_pinned(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op,
  * @param function_type  the function type for the GNU builtin routine
  * @param db             debug info
  */
-static ir_node *gen_binary_builtin_mem(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op1, expression_t *op2,
-                                                                          type_t *function_type, dbg_info *db)
+static ir_node *gen_binary_builtin_mem(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op1,
+                                       expression_t *op2, type_t *function_type,
+                                                                          dbg_info *db)
 {
        ir_node *in[2];
        in[0] = expression_to_firm(op1);
@@ -1619,7 +1730,7 @@ static ir_node *gen_binary_builtin_mem(ir_builtin_kind kind, expression_t *op1,
 
        ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
        ir_node *mem = get_store();
-       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, mem, kind, 2, in, tp);
+       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(db, mem, 2, in, kind, tp);
        set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
        return NULL;
 }
@@ -1658,6 +1769,8 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
        }
 
        case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_val:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_valf:
+       case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_vall:
        case bk_gnu_builtin_inf:
        case bk_gnu_builtin_inff:
        case bk_gnu_builtin_infl: {
@@ -1688,8 +1801,8 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
                return NULL;
        case bk_gnu_builtin_frame_address: {
                expression_t *const expression = call->arguments->expression;
-               long val = fold_constant(expression);
-               if (val == 0) {
+               bool val = fold_constant_to_bool(expression);
+               if (!val) {
                        /* the nice case */
                        return get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
                } else {
@@ -1699,18 +1812,19 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
                        in[0] = expression_to_firm(expression);
                        in[1] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
                        ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
-                       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), ir_bk_frame_addess, 2, in, tp);
+                       ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), 2, in, ir_bk_frame_address, tp);
                        return new_Proj(irn, mode_P_data, pn_Builtin_1_result);
                }
        }
        case bk_gnu_builtin_return_address: {
+
                expression_t *const expression = call->arguments->expression;
                ir_node *in[2];
 
                in[0] = expression_to_firm(expression);
                in[1] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
                ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
-               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), ir_bk_return_address, 2, in, tp);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), 2, in, ir_bk_return_address, tp);
                return new_Proj(irn, mode_P_data, pn_Builtin_1_result);
        }
        case bk_gnu_builtin_ffs:
@@ -1747,7 +1861,7 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
                        in[2] = new_Const_long(mode_int, 3);
                }
                ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
-               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_prefetch, 3, in, tp);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), 3, in, ir_bk_prefetch, tp);
                set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
                return NULL;
        }
@@ -1755,13 +1869,13 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
        case bk_ms__ud2:
        {
                ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
-               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_trap, 0, NULL, tp);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), 0, NULL, ir_bk_trap, tp);
                set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
                return NULL;
        }
        case bk_ms__debugbreak: {
                ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
-               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), ir_bk_debugbreak, 0, NULL, tp);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_store(), 0, NULL, ir_bk_debugbreak, tp);
                set_store(new_Proj(irn, mode_M, pn_Builtin_M));
                return NULL;
        }
@@ -1771,7 +1885,7 @@ static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
                in[0] = new_Const_long(mode_int, 0);
                in[1] = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
                ir_type *tp  = get_ir_type(function_type);
-               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), ir_bk_return_address, 2, in, tp);
+               ir_node *irn = new_d_Builtin(dbgi, get_irg_no_mem(current_ir_graph), 2, in, ir_bk_return_address, tp);
                return new_Proj(irn, mode_P_data, pn_Builtin_1_result);
        }
        case bk_ms_rotl:
@@ -1825,28 +1939,32 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *const call)
                const reference_expression_t *ref    = &function->reference;
                entity_t                     *entity = ref->entity;
 
-               if (ref->entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION &&
-                   ref->entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
-                       return process_builtin_call(call);
-               }
+               if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
+                       ir_entity *irentity = entity->function.irentity;
+                       if (irentity == NULL)
+                               irentity = get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
 
-               if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION
-                               && entity->function.entity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
-                       /* handle alloca() call */
-                       expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
-                       ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);
-                       ir_mode      *mode     = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_size_t);
+                       if (irentity == NULL && entity->function.btk != bk_none) {
+                               return process_builtin_call(call);
+                       }
 
-                       size = create_conv(dbgi, size, mode);
+                       if (irentity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
+                               /* handle alloca() call */
+                               expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
+                               ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);
+                               ir_mode      *mode     = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type_size_t);
 
-                       ir_node  *store  = get_store();
-                       ir_node  *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size, firm_unknown_type,
-                                                      stack_alloc);
-                       ir_node  *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
-                       set_store(proj_m);
-                       ir_node  *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
+                               size = create_conv(dbgi, size, mode);
 
-                       return res;
+                               ir_node  *store  = get_store();
+                               ir_node  *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size,
+                                                              firm_unknown_type, stack_alloc);
+                               ir_node  *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
+                               set_store(proj_m);
+                               ir_node  *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
+
+                               return res;
+                       }
                }
        }
        ir_node *callee = expression_to_firm(function);
@@ -1869,9 +1987,9 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *const call)
 
                /* we need to construct a new method type matching the call
                 * arguments... */
+               type_dbg_info *tdbgi = get_type_dbg_info_((const type_t*) function_type);
                int n_res       = get_method_n_ress(ir_method_type);
-               new_method_type = new_d_type_method(id_unique("calltype.%u"),
-                                                   n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
+               new_method_type = new_d_type_method(n_parameters, n_res, tdbgi);
                set_method_calling_convention(new_method_type,
                               get_method_calling_convention(ir_method_type));
                set_method_additional_properties(new_method_type,
@@ -1916,7 +2034,7 @@ static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *const call)
        ir_node  *store = get_store();
        ir_node  *node  = new_d_Call(dbgi, store, callee, n_parameters, in,
                                     ir_method_type);
-       ir_node  *mem   = new_d_Proj(dbgi, node, mode_M, pn_Call_M_regular);
+       ir_node  *mem   = new_d_Proj(dbgi, node, mode_M, pn_Call_M);
        set_store(mem);
 
        type_t  *return_type = skip_typeref(function_type->return_type);
@@ -1976,7 +2094,7 @@ static void assign_value(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *addr, type_t *type,
        } else {
                ir_type *irtype    = get_ir_type(type);
                ir_node *copyb     = new_d_CopyB(dbgi, memory, addr, value, irtype);
-               ir_node *copyb_mem = new_Proj(copyb, mode_M, pn_CopyB_M_regular);
+               ir_node *copyb_mem = new_Proj(copyb, mode_M, pn_CopyB_M);
                set_store(copyb_mem);
        }
 }
@@ -2211,7 +2329,7 @@ static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
        ir_node *offset;
        if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
                pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
-               offset                       = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
+               offset = get_type_size_node(pointer_type->points_to);
        } else {
                assert(is_type_arithmetic(type));
                offset = new_Const(get_mode_one(mode));
@@ -2364,6 +2482,50 @@ static ir_node *handle_assume(dbg_info *dbi, const expression_t *expression)
        }
 }
 
+static ir_node *create_cast(dbg_info *dbgi,    ir_node *value_node,
+                            type_t *from_type, type_t *type)
+{
+       type = skip_typeref(type);
+       if (!is_type_scalar(type)) {
+               /* make sure firm type is constructed */
+               (void) get_ir_type(type);
+               return value_node;
+       }
+
+       from_type     = skip_typeref(from_type);
+       ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
+       /* check for conversion from / to __based types */
+       if (is_type_pointer(type) && is_type_pointer(from_type)) {
+               const variable_t *from_var = from_type->pointer.base_variable;
+               const variable_t *to_var   = type->pointer.base_variable;
+               if (from_var != to_var) {
+                       if (from_var != NULL) {
+                               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, from_var);
+                               ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, from_var->base.type, addr);
+                               value_node = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, base, get_ir_mode_storage(from_type));
+                       }
+                       if (to_var != NULL) {
+                               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, to_var);
+                               ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, to_var->base.type, addr);
+                               value_node = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, base, mode);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)) {
+               /* bool adjustments (we save a mode_Bu, but have to temporarily
+                * convert to mode_b so we only get a 0/1 value */
+               value_node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
+       }
+
+       ir_mode *mode_arith = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
+       ir_node *node       = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
+       node                = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
+       node                = create_conv(dbgi, node, mode_arith);
+
+       return node;
+}
+
 static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
@@ -2413,50 +2575,11 @@ static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
                return create_incdec(expression);
+       case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
-               if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
-                       ir_mode *mode      = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
-                       type_t  *from_type = value->base.type;
-                       /* check for conversion from / to __based types */
-                       if (is_type_pointer(type) && is_type_pointer(from_type)) {
-                               const variable_t *from_var = from_type->pointer.base_variable;
-                               const variable_t *to_var   = type->pointer.base_variable;
-                               if (from_var != to_var) {
-                                       if (from_var != NULL) {
-                                               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, from_var);
-                                               ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, from_var->base.type, addr);
-                                               value_node = new_d_Add(dbgi, value_node, base, get_ir_mode_storage(from_type));
-                                       }
-                                       if (to_var != NULL) {
-                                               ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, to_var);
-                                               ir_node *const base = deref_address(dbgi, to_var->base.type, addr);
-                                               value_node = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value_node, base, mode);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-                       ir_node *node       = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
-                       node                = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
-                       ir_mode *mode_arith = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
-                       node                = create_conv(dbgi, node, mode_arith);
-                       return node;
-               } else {
-                       /* make sure firm type is constructed */
-                       (void) get_ir_type(type);
-                       return value_node;
-               }
-       }
-       case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT: {
-               ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
-               if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
-                       ir_mode *mode       = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
-                       ir_node *res        = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
-                       ir_mode *mode_arith = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
-                       res                 = create_conv(dbgi, res, mode_arith);
-                       return res;
-               } else {
-                       return value_node;
-               }
+               type_t  *from_type  = value->base.type;
+               return create_cast(dbgi, value_node, from_type, type);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
                if (firm_opt.confirm)
@@ -2509,7 +2632,7 @@ static ir_node *adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbg_info *dbgi,
        assert(is_type_pointer(type));
        pointer_type_t *const pointer_type = &type->pointer;
        type_t         *const points_to    = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
-       ir_node        *      elem_size    = get_type_size(points_to);
+       ir_node        *      elem_size    = get_type_size_node(points_to);
        elem_size                          = create_conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
        value                              = create_conv(dbgi, value,     mode);
        ir_node        *const mul          = new_d_Mul(dbgi, value, elem_size, mode);
@@ -2539,7 +2662,7 @@ static ir_node *create_op(dbg_info *dbgi, const binary_expression_t *expression,
                        const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;
 
                        mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
-                       ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
+                       ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size_node(ptr_type->points_to);
                        ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
                        ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
                        ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
@@ -2640,22 +2763,22 @@ static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(type);
 
        if (is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
-               long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
+               bool val = fold_constant_to_bool(expression->left);
                expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
                assert(ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND || ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR);
                if (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND) {
-                       if (val == 0) {
+                       if (!val) {
                                return new_Const(get_mode_null(mode));
                        }
                } else {
-                       if (val != 0) {
+                       if (val) {
                                return new_Const(get_mode_one(mode));
                        }
                }
 
                if (is_constant_expression(expression->right)) {
-                       long const valr = fold_constant(expression->right);
-                       return valr != 0 ?
+                       bool valr = fold_constant_to_bool(expression->right);
+                       return valr ?
                                new_Const(get_mode_one(mode)) :
                                new_Const(get_mode_null(mode));
                }
@@ -2675,13 +2798,12 @@ static ir_node *create_assign_binop(const binary_expression_t *expression)
        dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        const expression_t *left_expr = expression->left;
        type_t             *type      = skip_typeref(left_expr->base.type);
-       ir_mode            *left_mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
        ir_node            *right     = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
        ir_node            *left_addr = expression_to_addr(left_expr);
        ir_node            *left      = get_value_from_lvalue(left_expr, left_addr);
        ir_node            *result    = create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);
 
-       result = create_conv(dbgi, result, left_mode);
+       result = create_cast(dbgi, result, expression->right->base.type, type);
        result = do_strict_conv(dbgi, result);
 
        result = set_value_for_expression_addr(left_expr, result, left_addr);
@@ -2829,7 +2951,7 @@ static long get_offsetof_offset(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
                        assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
                        assert(is_type_array(type));
 
-                       long index         = fold_constant(array_index);
+                       long index         = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
                        ir_type *arr_type  = get_ir_type(type);
                        ir_type *elem_type = get_array_element_type(arr_type);
                        long     elem_size = get_type_size_bytes(elem_type);
@@ -2870,8 +2992,6 @@ static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(frame_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
 
-       set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
-
        /* create initialisation code */
        initializer_t *initializer = expression->initializer;
        create_local_initializer(initializer, dbgi, entity, type);
@@ -2887,20 +3007,14 @@ static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
  */
 static ir_node *sizeof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       type_t *type = expression->type;
-       if (type == NULL) {
-               type = expression->tp_expression->base.type;
-               assert(type != NULL);
-       }
-
-       type = skip_typeref(type);
+       type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->type);
        /* ยง6.5.3.4:2 if the type is a VLA, evaluate the expression. */
        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla
                        && expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
                expression_to_firm(expression->tp_expression);
        }
 
-       return get_type_size(type);
+       return get_type_size_node(type);
 }
 
 static entity_t *get_expression_entity(const expression_t *expression)
@@ -2911,59 +3025,51 @@ static entity_t *get_expression_entity(const expression_t *expression)
        return expression->reference.entity;
 }
 
+static unsigned get_cparser_entity_alignment(const entity_t *entity)
+{
+       switch(entity->kind) {
+       DECLARATION_KIND_CASES
+               return entity->declaration.alignment;
+       case ENTITY_STRUCT:
+       case ENTITY_UNION:
+               return entity->compound.alignment;
+       case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
+               return entity->typedefe.alignment;
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * Transform an alignof expression into Firm code.
  */
 static ir_node *alignof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 {
-       ir_entity *irentity = NULL;
+       unsigned alignment = 0;
 
        const expression_t *tp_expression = expression->tp_expression;
        if (tp_expression != NULL) {
                entity_t *entity = get_expression_entity(tp_expression);
-               if (entity != NULL && is_declaration(entity)) {
-                       switch (entity->declaration.kind) {
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
-                               panic("unknown entity reference found");
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
-                               irentity = entity->compound_member.entity;
-                               break;
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE:
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
-                               irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
-                               break;
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_PARAMETER_ENTITY:
-                               irentity = entity->parameter.v.entity;
-                               break;
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION:
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION:
-                               irentity = entity->function.entity;
-                               break;
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_PARAMETER:
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
-                       case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
-                               break;
-                       }
+               if (entity != NULL) {
+                       alignment = get_cparser_entity_alignment(entity);
                }
        }
 
-       ir_type *irtype;
-       if (irentity != NULL) {
-               irtype = get_entity_type(irentity);
-       } else {
+       if (alignment == 0) {
                type_t *type = expression->type;
-               irtype = get_ir_type(type);
+               alignment = get_type_alignment(type);
        }
 
-       ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
-       symconst_symbol sym;
-       sym.type_p = irtype;
-       return new_SymConst(mode, sym, symconst_type_align);
+       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
+       ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode_arithmetic(expression->base.type);
+       tarval   *tv   = new_tarval_from_long(alignment, mode);
+       return new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
 }
 
 static void init_ir_types(void);
 
-long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
+static tarval *fold_constant_to_tarval(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        assert(is_type_valid(skip_typeref(expression->base.type)));
 
@@ -2984,23 +3090,40 @@ long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
                panic("couldn't fold constant");
        }
 
+       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
+
        tarval *tv = get_Const_tarval(cnst);
+       return tv;
+}
+
+long fold_constant_to_int(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_INVALID)
+               return 0;
+
+       tarval *tv = fold_constant_to_tarval(expression);
        if (!tarval_is_long(tv)) {
                panic("result of constant folding is not integer");
        }
 
-       constant_folding = constant_folding_old;
-
        return get_tarval_long(tv);
 }
 
+bool fold_constant_to_bool(const expression_t *expression)
+{
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_INVALID)
+               return false;
+       tarval *tv = fold_constant_to_tarval(expression);
+       return !tarval_is_null(tv);
+}
+
 static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 {
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
 
        /* first try to fold a constant condition */
        if (is_constant_expression(expression->condition)) {
-               long val = fold_constant(expression->condition);
+               bool val = fold_constant_to_bool(expression->condition);
                if (val) {
                        expression_t *true_expression = expression->true_expression;
                        if (true_expression == NULL)
@@ -3258,7 +3381,8 @@ static ir_node *va_start_expression_to_firm(
        ir_node   *const arg_sel     =
                new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, no_mem, frame, parm_ent);
 
-       ir_node   *const cnst        = get_type_size(expr->parameter->base.type);
+       type_t    *const param_type  = expr->parameter->base.type;
+       ir_node   *const cnst        = get_type_size_node(param_type);
        ir_mode   *const mode        = get_irn_mode(cnst);
        ir_node   *const c1          = new_Const_long(mode, stack_param_align - 1);
        ir_node   *const c2          = new_d_Add(dbgi, cnst, c1, mode);
@@ -3279,7 +3403,7 @@ static ir_node *va_arg_expression_to_firm(const va_arg_expression_t *const expr)
        dbg_info     *const dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_node      *const res     = deref_address(dbgi, type, ap);
 
-       ir_node      *const cnst    = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
+       ir_node      *const cnst    = get_type_size_node(expr->base.type);
        ir_mode      *const mode    = get_irn_mode(cnst);
        ir_node      *const c1      = new_Const_long(mode, stack_param_align - 1);
        ir_node      *const c2      = new_d_Add(dbgi, cnst, c1, mode);
@@ -3380,19 +3504,15 @@ static ir_node *get_label_block(label_t *label)
  * Pointer to a label.  This is used for the
  * GNU address-of-label extension.
  */
-static ir_node *label_address_to_firm(
-               const label_address_expression_t *label)
+static ir_node *label_address_to_firm(const label_address_expression_t *label)
 {
-       ir_node    *block = get_label_block(label->label);
-       ir_label_t  nr    = get_Block_label(block);
+       dbg_info  *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&label->base.source_position);
+       ir_node   *block  = get_label_block(label->label);
+       ir_entity *entity = create_Block_entity(block);
 
-       if (nr == 0) {
-               nr = get_irp_next_label_nr();
-               set_Block_label(block, nr);
-       }
        symconst_symbol value;
-       value.label = nr;
-       return new_SymConst(mode_P_code, value, symconst_label);
+       value.entity_p = entity;
+       return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode_P_code, value, symconst_addr_ent);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -3410,16 +3530,13 @@ static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
 #endif
 
        switch (expression->kind) {
-       case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
-               return character_constant_to_firm(&expression->conste);
-       case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
-               return wide_character_constant_to_firm(&expression->conste);
-       case EXPR_CONST:
-               return const_to_firm(&expression->conste);
+       EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
+               return literal_to_firm(&expression->literal);
        case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
-               return string_literal_to_firm(&expression->string);
+               return string_to_firm(&expression->base.source_position, "str.%u",
+                                     &expression->literal.value);
        case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
-               return wide_string_literal_to_firm(&expression->wide_string);
+               return wide_string_literal_to_firm(&expression->string_literal);
        case EXPR_REFERENCE:
                return reference_expression_to_firm(&expression->reference);
        case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
@@ -3600,10 +3717,10 @@ static ir_node *create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
        if (is_builtin_expect(expression) && is_Cond(cond)) {
                call_argument_t *argument = expression->call.arguments->next;
                if (is_constant_expression(argument->expression)) {
-                       long               cnst = fold_constant(argument->expression);
+                       bool             cnst = fold_constant_to_bool(argument->expression);
                        cond_jmp_predicate pred;
 
-                       if (cnst == 0) {
+                       if (cnst == false) {
                                pred = COND_JMP_PRED_FALSE;
                        } else {
                                pred = COND_JMP_PRED_TRUE;
@@ -3619,33 +3736,27 @@ static ir_node *create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
        return cond_expr;
 }
 
-
 static void create_variable_entity(entity_t *variable,
                                    declaration_kind_t declaration_kind,
                                    ir_type *parent_type)
 {
        assert(variable->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE);
        type_t    *type = skip_typeref(variable->declaration.type);
-       type            = get_aligned_type(type, variable->variable.alignment);
 
-       ident     *const id       = new_id_from_str(variable->base.symbol->string);
-       ir_type   *const irtype   = get_ir_type(type);
-       dbg_info  *const dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&variable->base.source_position);
+       ident     *const id        = new_id_from_str(variable->base.symbol->string);
+       ir_type   *const irtype    = get_ir_type(type);
+       dbg_info  *const dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&variable->base.source_position);
+       ir_entity *const irentity  = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
+       unsigned         alignment = variable->declaration.alignment;
 
-       ir_entity *const irentity = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
+       set_entity_alignment(irentity, alignment);
 
-       handle_gnu_attributes_ent(irentity, variable);
+       handle_decl_modifiers(irentity, variable);
 
        variable->declaration.kind  = (unsigned char) declaration_kind;
        variable->variable.v.entity = irentity;
-       set_entity_variability(irentity, variability_uninitialized);
        set_entity_ld_ident(irentity, create_ld_ident(variable));
 
-       if (parent_type == get_tls_type())
-               set_entity_allocation(irentity, allocation_automatic);
-       else if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE)
-               set_entity_allocation(irentity, allocation_static);
-
        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                set_entity_volatility(irentity, volatility_is_volatile);
        }
@@ -3817,6 +3928,27 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                        }
                        assert(iter != NULL);
 
+                       /* revert previous initialisations of other union elements */
+                       if (type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
+                               ir_initializer_t *initializer = top->initializer;
+                               if (initializer != NULL
+                                       && get_initializer_kind(initializer) == IR_INITIALIZER_COMPOUND) {
+                                       /* are we writing to a new element? */
+                                       ir_initializer_t *oldi
+                                               = get_initializer_compound_value(initializer, index);
+                                       if (get_initializer_kind(oldi) == IR_INITIALIZER_NULL) {
+                                               /* clear initializer */
+                                               size_t len
+                                                       = get_initializer_compound_n_entries(initializer);
+                                               ir_initializer_t *nulli = get_initializer_null();
+                                               for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+                                                       set_initializer_compound_value(initializer, i,
+                                                                                      nulli);
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        top->type           = orig_type;
                        top->compound_entry = iter;
                        top->index          = index;
@@ -3826,7 +3958,7 @@ static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
                        assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
                        assert(is_type_array(type));
 
-                       long index = fold_constant(array_index);
+                       long index = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
                        assert(index >= 0);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
                        if (type->array.size_constant) {
@@ -3860,6 +3992,7 @@ static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path)
 
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
        if (is_type_union(type)) {
+               /* only the first element is initialized in unions */
                top->compound_entry = NULL;
        } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
                entity_t *entry = top->compound_entry;
@@ -3903,8 +4036,18 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_value(
        if (is_type_compound(initializer->value->base.type)) {
                panic("initializer creation for compounds not implemented yet");
        }
-       ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer->value);
-       type_t  *type  = initializer->value->base.type;
+       type_t       *type = initializer->value->base.type;
+       expression_t *expr = initializer->value;
+       if (initializer_use_bitfield_basetype) {
+               type_t *skipped = skip_typeref(type);
+               if (skipped->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
+                       /* remove the bitfield cast... */
+                       assert(expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT);
+                       expr = expr->unary.value;
+                       type = skipped->bitfield.base_type;
+               }
+       }
+       ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(expr);
        ir_mode *mode  = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
        value          = create_conv(NULL, value, mode);
        return create_initializer_const(value);
@@ -4019,19 +4162,19 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_string(
 static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_wide_string(
                const initializer_wide_string_t *initializer, type_t *type)
 {
-       size_t            string_len    = initializer->string.size;
        assert(type->kind == TYPE_ARRAY);
        assert(type->array.size_constant);
        size_t            len           = type->array.size;
+       size_t            string_len    = wstrlen(&initializer->string);
        ir_initializer_t *irinitializer = create_initializer_compound(len);
 
-       const wchar_rep_t *string = initializer->string.begin;
-       ir_mode           *mode   = get_type_mode(ir_type_wchar_t);
+       const char *p    = initializer->string.begin;
+       ir_mode    *mode = get_type_mode(ir_type_wchar_t);
 
        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-               wchar_rep_t c = 0;
+               utf32 c = 0;
                if (i < string_len) {
-                       c = string[i];
+                       c = read_utf8_char(&p);
                }
                tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);
@@ -4065,63 +4208,16 @@ static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
        panic("unknown initializer");
 }
 
-static void create_dynamic_null_initializer(ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi,
-               ir_node *base_addr)
-{
-       if (is_atomic_type(type)) {
-               ir_mode *mode = get_type_mode(type);
-               tarval  *zero = get_mode_null(mode);
-               ir_node *cnst = new_d_Const(dbgi, zero);
-
-               /* TODO: bitfields */
-               ir_node *mem    = get_store();
-               ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst, cons_none);
-               ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
-               set_store(proj_m);
-       } else {
-               assert(is_compound_type(type));
-
-               int n_members;
-               if (is_Array_type(type)) {
-                       assert(has_array_upper_bound(type, 0));
-                       n_members = get_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0);
-               } else {
-                       n_members = get_compound_n_members(type);
-               }
-
-               for (int i = 0; i < n_members; ++i) {
-                       ir_node *addr;
-                       ir_type *irtype;
-                       if (is_Array_type(type)) {
-                               ir_entity *entity   = get_array_element_entity(type);
-                               tarval    *index_tv = new_tarval_from_long(i, mode_uint);
-                               ir_node   *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, index_tv);
-                               ir_node   *in[1]    = { cnst };
-                               irtype = get_array_element_type(type);
-                               addr   = new_d_Sel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, 1, in, entity);
-                       } else {
-                               ir_entity *member = get_compound_member(type, i);
-
-                               irtype = get_entity_type(member);
-                               addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, member);
-                       }
-
-                       create_dynamic_null_initializer(irtype, dbgi, addr);
-               }
-       }
-}
-
 static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                ir_entity *entity, ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *base_addr)
 {
        switch(get_initializer_kind(initializer)) {
        case IR_INITIALIZER_NULL: {
-               create_dynamic_null_initializer(type, dbgi, base_addr);
+               /* NULL is undefined for dynamic initializers */
                return;
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_CONST: {
                ir_node *node     = get_initializer_const_value(initializer);
-               ir_mode *mode     = get_irn_mode(node);
                ir_type *ent_type = get_entity_type(entity);
 
                /* is it a bitfield type? */
@@ -4131,7 +4227,7 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                        return;
                }
 
-               assert(get_type_mode(type) == mode);
+               assert(get_type_mode(type) == get_irn_mode(node));
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, node, cons_none);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
@@ -4140,7 +4236,6 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_TARVAL: {
                tarval  *tv       = get_initializer_tarval_value(initializer);
-               ir_mode *mode     = get_tarval_mode(tv);
                ir_node *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, tv);
                ir_type *ent_type = get_entity_type(entity);
 
@@ -4151,7 +4246,7 @@ static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                        return;
                }
 
-               assert(get_type_mode(type) == mode);
+               assert(get_type_mode(type) == get_tarval_mode(tv));
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst, cons_none);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
@@ -4232,8 +4327,13 @@ static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
        }
 
        if (!is_constant_initializer(initializer)) {
+               bool old_initializer_use_bitfield_basetype
+                       = initializer_use_bitfield_basetype;
+               initializer_use_bitfield_basetype = true;
                ir_initializer_t *irinitializer
                        = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);
+               initializer_use_bitfield_basetype
+                       = old_initializer_use_bitfield_basetype;
 
                create_dynamic_initializer(irinitializer, dbgi, entity);
                return;
@@ -4255,16 +4355,15 @@ static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
        ir_entity *const init_entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(init_entity, id);
 
-       set_entity_variability(init_entity, variability_initialized);
-       set_entity_visibility(init_entity, visibility_local);
-       set_entity_allocation(init_entity, allocation_static);
+       set_entity_visibility(init_entity, ir_visibility_private);
+       add_entity_linkage(init_entity, IR_LINKAGE_CONSTANT);
 
        set_entity_initializer(init_entity, irinitializer);
 
        ir_node *const src_addr = create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, init_entity);
        ir_node *const copyb    = new_d_CopyB(dbgi, memory, addr, src_addr, irtype);
 
-       ir_node *const copyb_mem = new_Proj(copyb, mode_M, pn_CopyB_M_regular);
+       ir_node *const copyb_mem = new_Proj(copyb, mode_M, pn_CopyB_M);
        set_store(copyb_mem);
 }
 
@@ -4276,7 +4375,6 @@ static void create_initializer_local_variable_entity(entity_t *entity)
        ir_entity     *irentity    = entity->variable.v.entity;
        type_t        *type        = entity->declaration.type;
 
-       type = get_aligned_type(type, entity->variable.alignment);
        create_local_initializer(initializer, dbgi, irentity, type);
 }
 
@@ -4315,10 +4413,9 @@ static void create_variable_initializer(entity_t *entity)
 
                        ir_entity *irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
 
-                       if (tq & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
-                               set_entity_variability(irentity, variability_constant);
-                       } else {
-                               set_entity_variability(irentity, variability_initialized);
+                       if (tq & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST
+                                       && get_entity_owner(irentity) != get_tls_type()) {
+                               add_entity_linkage(irentity, IR_LINKAGE_CONSTANT);
                        }
                        set_atomic_ent_value(irentity, value);
                }
@@ -4331,9 +4428,7 @@ static void create_variable_initializer(entity_t *entity)
                        = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);
 
                if (tq & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
-                       set_entity_variability(irentity, variability_constant);
-               } else {
-                       set_entity_variability(irentity, variability_initialized);
+                       add_entity_linkage(irentity, IR_LINKAGE_CONSTANT);
                }
                set_entity_initializer(irentity, irinitializer);
        }
@@ -4362,7 +4457,7 @@ static void allocate_variable_length_array(entity_t *entity)
        ir_type  *el_type   = get_ir_type(type->array.element_type);
 
        /* make sure size_node is calculated */
-       get_type_size(type);
+       get_type_size_node(type);
        ir_node  *elems = type->array.size_node;
        ir_node  *mem   = get_store();
        ir_node  *alloc = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, mem, elems, el_type, stack_alloc);
@@ -4415,19 +4510,16 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(entity_t *entity)
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE);
        assert(entity->declaration.kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
 
-       type_t    *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
-       type            = get_aligned_type(type, entity->variable.alignment);
-
-       ir_type   *const var_type = entity->variable.thread_local ?
+       type_t   *type           = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
+       ir_type  *const var_type = entity->variable.thread_local ?
                get_tls_type() : get_glob_type();
-       ir_type   *const irtype   = get_ir_type(type);
-       dbg_info  *const dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&entity->base.source_position);
+       ir_type  *const irtype   = get_ir_type(type);
+       dbg_info *const dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&entity->base.source_position);
 
        size_t l = strlen(entity->base.symbol->string);
        char   buf[l + sizeof(".%u")];
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%%u", entity->base.symbol->string);
-       ident     *const id = id_unique(buf);
-
+       ident     *const id       = id_unique(buf);
        ir_entity *const irentity = new_d_entity(var_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
 
        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
@@ -4438,10 +4530,7 @@ static void create_local_static_variable(entity_t *entity)
        entity->variable.v.entity = irentity;
 
        set_entity_ld_ident(irentity, id);
-       set_entity_variability(irentity, variability_uninitialized);
-       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility_local);
-       set_entity_allocation(irentity, entity->variable.thread_local ?
-               allocation_automatic : allocation_static);
+       set_entity_visibility(irentity, ir_visibility_local);
 
        ir_graph *const old_current_ir_graph = current_ir_graph;
        current_ir_graph = get_const_code_irg();
@@ -4540,22 +4629,36 @@ static ir_node *compound_statement_to_firm(compound_statement_t *compound)
 
 static void create_global_variable(entity_t *entity)
 {
+       ir_linkage    linkage    = 0;
+       ir_visibility visibility = ir_visibility_default;
+       ir_entity    *irentity;
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE);
 
-       ir_visibility vis;
        switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
-               case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC: vis = visibility_local;              break;
-               case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN: vis = visibility_external_allocated; break;
-               case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:   vis = visibility_external_visible;   break;
-
-               default: panic("Invalid storage class for global variable");
+       case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN: visibility = ir_visibility_external; break;
+       case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC: visibility = ir_visibility_local;    break;
+       case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
+               visibility = ir_visibility_default;
+               /* uninitialized globals get merged in C */
+               if (entity->variable.initializer == NULL)
+                       linkage |= IR_LINKAGE_MERGE;
+               break;
+       case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
+       case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
+       case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
+               panic("invalid storage class for global var");
        }
 
-       ir_type *var_type = entity->variable.thread_local ?
-               get_tls_type() : get_glob_type();
-       create_variable_entity(entity,
-                       DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE, var_type);
-       set_entity_visibility(entity->variable.v.entity, vis);
+       ir_type *var_type = get_glob_type();
+       if (entity->variable.thread_local) {
+               var_type = get_tls_type();
+               /* LINKAGE_MERGE not supported by current linkers */
+               linkage &= ~IR_LINKAGE_MERGE;
+       }
+       create_variable_entity(entity, DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE, var_type);
+       irentity = entity->variable.v.entity;
+       add_entity_linkage(irentity, linkage);
+       set_entity_visibility(irentity, visibility);
 }
 
 static void create_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
@@ -4570,12 +4673,16 @@ static void create_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
 
        switch ((storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class) {
        case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
-               create_local_static_variable(entity);
+               if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
+                       (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
+               } else {
+                       create_local_static_variable(entity);
+               }
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
                if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
                        assert(entity->function.statement == NULL);
-                       get_function_entity(entity);
+                       (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
                } else {
                        create_global_variable(entity);
                        create_variable_initializer(entity);
@@ -4586,11 +4693,12 @@ static void create_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
        case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
                if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
                        if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
-                               get_function_entity(entity);
+                               ir_type *owner = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
+                               (void)get_function_entity(entity, owner);
                                entity->declaration.kind = DECLARATION_KIND_INNER_FUNCTION;
                                enqueue_inner_function(entity);
                        } else {
-                               get_function_entity(entity);
+                               (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
                        }
                } else {
                        create_local_variable(entity);
@@ -4607,6 +4715,11 @@ static void initialize_local_declaration(entity_t *entity)
        if (entity->base.symbol == NULL)
                return;
 
+       // no need to emit code in dead blocks
+       if (entity->declaration.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC
+                       && get_cur_block() == NULL)
+               return;
+
        switch ((declaration_kind_t) entity->declaration.kind) {
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
@@ -4644,6 +4757,9 @@ static void declaration_statement_to_firm(declaration_statement_t *statement)
                if (is_declaration(entity)) {
                        initialize_local_declaration(entity);
                } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
+                       /* ยง6.7.7:3  Any array size expressions associated with variable length
+                        * array declarators are evaluated each time the declaration of the
+                        * typedef name is reached in the order of execution. */
                        type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
                        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
                                get_vla_size(&type->array);
@@ -4750,7 +4866,7 @@ static void while_statement_to_firm(while_statement_t *statement)
 
        /* shortcut for while(true) */
        if (is_constant_expression(statement->condition)
-                       && fold_constant(statement->condition) != 0) {
+                       && fold_constant_to_bool(statement->condition) != 0) {
                set_cur_block(header_block);
                ir_node *header_jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(body_block, header_jmp);
@@ -4947,10 +5063,15 @@ static ir_node *get_break_label(void)
 
 static void switch_statement_to_firm(switch_statement_t *statement)
 {
-       dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
+       ir_node  *first_block = NULL;
+       dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
+       ir_node  *cond        = NULL;
 
-       ir_node *expression  = expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
-       ir_node *cond        = new_d_Cond(dbgi, expression);
+       if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
+               ir_node *expression = expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
+               cond                = new_d_Cond(dbgi, expression);
+               first_block         = get_cur_block();
+       }
 
        set_cur_block(NULL);
 
@@ -4978,7 +5099,7 @@ static void switch_statement_to_firm(switch_statement_t *statement)
        }
 
        if (def_nr == INT_MAX) {
-               /* Bad: an overflow will occurr, we cannot be sure that the
+               /* Bad: an overflow will occur, we cannot be sure that the
                 * maximum + 1 is a free number. Scan the values a second
                 * time to find a free number.
                 */
@@ -5000,8 +5121,8 @@ static void switch_statement_to_firm(switch_statement_t *statement)
                        }
                }
                /* We look at the first num_cases constants:
-                * Either they are densed, so we took the last (num_cases)
-                * one, or they are non densed, so we will find one free
+                * Either they are dense, so we took the last (num_cases)
+                * one, or they are not dense, so we will find one free
                 * there...
                 */
                unsigned long i;
@@ -5025,8 +5146,8 @@ static void switch_statement_to_firm(switch_statement_t *statement)
                add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), jmp);
        }
 
-       if (!saw_default_label) {
-               set_cur_block(get_nodes_block(cond));
+       if (!saw_default_label && first_block != NULL) {
+               set_cur_block(first_block);
                ir_node *const proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, cond,
                                                        statement->default_proj_nr);
                add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), proj);
@@ -5054,24 +5175,26 @@ static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
        ir_node *const fallthrough = (get_cur_block() == NULL ? NULL : new_Jmp());
 
        ir_node *proj;
-       ir_node *block     = new_immBlock();
-
-       set_cur_block(get_nodes_block(current_switch_cond));
-       if (statement->expression != NULL) {
-               long pn     = statement->first_case;
-               long end_pn = statement->last_case;
-               assert(pn <= end_pn);
-               /* create jumps for all cases in the given range */
-               do {
-                       proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, current_switch_cond, mode_X, pn);
-                       add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
-               } while(pn++ < end_pn);
-       } else {
-               saw_default_label = true;
-               proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, current_switch_cond,
-                                        current_switch->default_proj_nr);
+       ir_node *block = new_immBlock();
+
+       if (current_switch_cond != NULL) {
+               set_cur_block(get_nodes_block(current_switch_cond));
+               if (statement->expression != NULL) {
+                       long pn     = statement->first_case;
+                       long end_pn = statement->last_case;
+                       assert(pn <= end_pn);
+                       /* create jumps for all cases in the given range */
+                       do {
+                               proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, current_switch_cond, mode_X, pn);
+                               add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
+                       } while (pn++ < end_pn);
+               } else {
+                       saw_default_label = true;
+                       proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, current_switch_cond,
+                                                                        current_switch->default_proj_nr);
 
-               add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
+                       add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
+               }
        }
 
        if (fallthrough != NULL) {
@@ -5210,7 +5333,7 @@ static void asm_statement_to_firm(const asm_statement_t *statement)
                                char     buf[64];
                                ir_node *value = get_value_from_lvalue(expr, addr);
 
-                               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", pos);
+                               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", (unsigned) out_size);
 
                                ir_asm_constraint constraint;
                                constraint.pos              = pos;
@@ -5494,19 +5617,25 @@ static void count_local_variables_in_stmt(statement_t *stmt, void *const env)
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Return the number of local (alias free) variables used by a function.
+ */
 static int get_function_n_local_vars(entity_t *entity)
 {
+       const function_t *function = &entity->function;
        int count = 0;
 
        /* count parameters */
-       count += count_local_variables(entity->function.parameters.entities, NULL);
+       count += count_local_variables(function->parameters.entities, NULL);
 
        /* count local variables declared in body */
-       walk_statements(entity->function.statement, count_local_variables_in_stmt,
-                       &count);
+       walk_statements(function->statement, count_local_variables_in_stmt, &count);
        return count;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Build Firm code for the parameters of a function.
+ */
 static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
 {
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
@@ -5514,6 +5643,13 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
        ir_node  *args            = get_irg_args(irg);
        ir_node  *start_block     = get_irg_start_block(irg);
        ir_type  *function_irtype = get_ir_type(entity->declaration.type);
+       int      first_param_nr   = 0;
+
+       if (entity->function.need_closure) {
+               /* add an extra parameter for the static link */
+               entity->function.static_link = new_r_Proj(start_block, args, mode_P_data, 0);
+               ++first_param_nr;
+       }
 
        int       n         = 0;
        entity_t *parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
@@ -5544,8 +5680,8 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
                ir_type *param_irtype = get_method_param_type(function_irtype, n);
                ir_mode *param_mode   = get_type_mode(param_irtype);
 
-               long     pn    = n;
-               ir_node *value = new_r_Proj(irg, start_block, args, param_mode, pn);
+               long     pn    = n + first_param_nr;
+               ir_node *value = new_r_Proj(start_block, args, param_mode, pn);
 
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode_storage(type);
                value = create_conv(NULL, value, mode);
@@ -5567,7 +5703,8 @@ static void initialize_function_parameters(entity_t *entity)
  * @param irg            the IR-graph
  * @param dec_modifiers  additional modifiers
  */
-static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg, decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers)
+static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg,
+                                     decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers)
 {
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_RETURNS_TWICE) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes __attribute__((returns_twice)) */
@@ -5604,17 +5741,22 @@ static void add_function_pointer(ir_type *segment, ir_entity *method,
                                  const char *unique_template)
 {
        ir_type   *method_type  = get_entity_type(method);
-       ident     *id           = id_unique(unique_template);
-       ir_type   *ptr_type     = new_type_pointer(id, method_type, mode_P_code);
+       ir_type   *ptr_type     = new_type_pointer(method_type);
 
+       /* these entities don't really have a name but firm only allows
+        * "" in ld_ident.
+        * Note that we mustn't give these entities a name since for example
+        * Mach-O doesn't allow them. */
        ident     *ide          = id_unique(unique_template);
        ir_entity *ptr          = new_entity(segment, ide, ptr_type);
        ir_graph  *irg          = get_const_code_irg();
        ir_node   *val          = new_rd_SymConst_addr_ent(NULL, irg, mode_P_code,
                                                           method, NULL);
 
+       set_entity_ld_ident(ptr, new_id_from_chars("", 0));
        set_entity_compiler_generated(ptr, 1);
-       set_entity_variability(ptr, variability_constant);
+       set_entity_visibility(ptr, ir_visibility_local);
+       add_entity_linkage(ptr, IR_LINKAGE_CONSTANT|IR_LINKAGE_HIDDEN_USER);
        set_atomic_ent_value(ptr, val);
 }
 
@@ -5630,16 +5772,25 @@ static void gen_ijmp_branches(ir_node *block)
 }
 
 /**
- * Create code for a function.
+ * Create code for a function and all inner functions.
+ *
+ * @param entity  the function entity
  */
 static void create_function(entity_t *entity)
 {
        assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
-       ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(entity);
+       ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(entity, current_outer_frame);
 
        if (entity->function.statement == NULL)
                return;
 
+       if (is_main(entity) && firm_opt.os_support == OS_SUPPORT_MINGW) {
+               prepare_main_collect2(entity);
+       }
+
+       inner_functions     = NULL;
+       current_trampolines = NULL;
+
        if (entity->declaration.modifiers & DM_CONSTRUCTOR) {
                ir_type *segment = get_segment_type(IR_SEGMENT_CONSTRUCTORS);
                add_function_pointer(segment, function_entity, "constructor_ptr.%u");
@@ -5676,6 +5827,7 @@ static void create_function(entity_t *entity)
 
        next_value_number_function = 0;
        initialize_function_parameters(entity);
+       current_static_link = entity->function.static_link;
 
        statement_to_firm(entity->function.statement);
 
@@ -5768,11 +5920,25 @@ static void create_function(entity_t *entity)
        irg_vrfy(irg);
        current_function = old_current_function;
 
-       /* create inner functions */
-       entity_t *inner;
-       for (inner = next_inner_function(); inner != NULL;
-            inner = next_inner_function()) {
-               create_function(inner);
+       if (current_trampolines != NULL) {
+               DEL_ARR_F(current_trampolines);
+               current_trampolines = NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* create inner functions if any */
+       entity_t **inner = inner_functions;
+       if (inner != NULL) {
+               ir_type *rem_outer_frame      = current_outer_frame;
+               current_outer_frame           = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
+               ir_type *rem_outer_value_type = current_outer_value_type;
+               current_outer_value_type      = get_irg_value_param_type(current_ir_graph);
+               for (int i = ARR_LEN(inner) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                       create_function(inner[i]);
+               }
+               DEL_ARR_F(inner);
+
+               current_outer_value_type = rem_outer_value_type;
+               current_outer_frame      = rem_outer_frame;
        }
 }
 
@@ -5789,9 +5955,11 @@ static void scope_to_firm(scope_t *scope)
                                /* builtins have no representation */
                                continue;
                        }
-                       get_function_entity(entity);
+                       (void)get_function_entity(entity, NULL);
                } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
                        create_global_variable(entity);
+               } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_NAMESPACE) {
+                       scope_to_firm(&entity->namespacee.members);
                }
        }
 
@@ -5821,6 +5989,9 @@ void init_ast2firm(void)
        obstack_init(&asm_obst);
        init_atomic_modes();
 
+       ir_set_debug_retrieve(dbg_retrieve);
+       ir_set_type_debug_retrieve(dbg_print_type_dbg_info);
+
        /* OS option must be set to the backend */
        switch (firm_opt.os_support) {
        case OS_SUPPORT_MINGW:
@@ -5852,14 +6023,15 @@ static void init_ir_types(void)
        ir_types_initialized = 1;
 
        ir_type_int        = get_ir_type(type_int);
+       ir_type_char       = get_ir_type(type_char);
        ir_type_const_char = get_ir_type(type_const_char);
        ir_type_wchar_t    = get_ir_type(type_wchar_t);
        ir_type_void       = get_ir_type(type_void);
 
-       const backend_params *be_params = be_get_backend_param();
+       be_params             = be_get_backend_param();
        mode_float_arithmetic = be_params->mode_float_arithmetic;
 
-       stack_param_align       = be_params->stack_param_align;
+       stack_param_align     = be_params->stack_param_align;
 }
 
 void exit_ast2firm(void)
@@ -5887,6 +6059,9 @@ static void global_asm_to_firm(statement_t *s)
 
 void translation_unit_to_firm(translation_unit_t *unit)
 {
+       /* initialize firm arithmetic */
+       tarval_set_integer_overflow_mode(TV_OVERFLOW_WRAP);
+
        /* just to be sure */
        continue_label           = NULL;
        break_label              = NULL;
@@ -5894,14 +6069,10 @@ void translation_unit_to_firm(translation_unit_t *unit)
        current_translation_unit = unit;
 
        init_ir_types();
-       inner_functions = NEW_ARR_F(entity_t *, 0);
 
        scope_to_firm(&unit->scope);
        global_asm_to_firm(unit->global_asm);
 
-       DEL_ARR_F(inner_functions);
-       inner_functions  = NULL;
-
        current_ir_graph         = NULL;
        current_translation_unit = NULL;
 }