Use strstart() instead of strncmp().
[cparser] / ast.c
diff --git a/ast.c b/ast.c
index 5dc9b4c..3944ade 100644 (file)
--- a/ast.c
+++ b/ast.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "lang_features.h"
 #include "entity_t.h"
 #include "printer.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -47,10 +48,7 @@ struct obstack ast_obstack;
 
 static int indent;
 
-/** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
-
-/** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
 bool print_parenthesis = false;
 
 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
@@ -68,6 +66,13 @@ void print_indent(void)
                print_string("\t");
 }
 
+static void print_stringrep(const string_t *string)
+{
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < string->size; ++i) {
+               print_char(string->begin[i]);
+       }
+}
+
 /**
  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  * associativity, else 0.
@@ -95,88 +100,90 @@ static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
 {
        static const unsigned prec[] = {
-               [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_INVALID]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]    = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_CONST]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
-               [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
-               [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
-               [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
-               [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
-
-               [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
-
-               [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]        = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
-               [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
-
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
-               [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
+               [EXPR_REFERENCE]                         = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL] = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]                  = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_CALL]                              = PREC_POSTFIX,
+               [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                       = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
+               [EXPR_SELECT]                            = PREC_POSTFIX,
+               [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]                      = PREC_POSTFIX,
+               [EXPR_SIZEOF]                            = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]                     = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                           = PREC_UNARY,
+
+               [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]                = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_VA_START]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_VA_ARG]                            = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_VA_COPY]                           = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_STATEMENT]                         = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
+
+               [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]                      = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                        = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                         = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]                 = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]                = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]           = PREC_POSTFIX,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]           = PREC_POSTFIX,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]            = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]            = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                        = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]                      = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]                = PREC_UNARY,
+               [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                       = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                        = PREC_ADDITIVE,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                        = PREC_ADDITIVE,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]                      = PREC_EQUALITY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]                   = PREC_EQUALITY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                       = PREC_RELATIONAL,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]                  = PREC_RELATIONAL,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]                    = PREC_RELATIONAL,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]               = PREC_RELATIONAL,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]                = PREC_AND,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]                 = PREC_OR,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]                = PREC_XOR,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]                = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]                 = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]                  = PREC_SHIFT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]                 = PREC_SHIFT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]                     = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]           = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]                      = PREC_EXPRESSION,
+
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]                = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
+               [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]                = PREC_PRIMARY
        };
        assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
        unsigned res = prec[kind];
@@ -185,51 +192,6 @@ static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
        return res;
 }
 
-/**
- * Print a constant expression.
- *
- * @param cnst  the constant expression
- */
-static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
-{
-       if (cnst->base.type == NULL)
-               return;
-
-       const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
-
-       if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)) {
-               print_string(cnst->v.int_value ? "true" : "false");
-       } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
-               print_format("%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
-       } else if (is_type_float(type)) {
-               long double const val = cnst->v.float_value;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-               /* ARG, no way to print long double */
-               print_format("%.20g", (double)val);
-#else
-               print_format("%.20Lg", val);
-#endif
-               if (isfinite(val) && truncl(val) == val)
-                       print_string(".0");
-       } else {
-               panic("unknown constant");
-       }
-
-       char const* suffix;
-       switch (type->atomic.akind) {
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:        suffix = "U";   break;
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:        suffix = "L";   break;
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:       suffix = "UL";  break;
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:    suffix = "LL";  break;
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:   suffix = "ULL"; break;
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:       suffix = "F";   break;
-               case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE: suffix = "L";   break;
-
-               default: return;
-       }
-       print_string(suffix);
-}
-
 /**
  * Print a quoted string constant.
  *
@@ -237,32 +199,33 @@ static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
  * @param border  the border char
  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
  */
-static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border, int skip)
+static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border,
+                                int skip)
 {
        print_char(border);
        const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
        for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
-               unsigned char const tc = *c;
+               const char tc = *c;
                if (tc == border) {
                        print_string("\\");
                }
                switch (tc) {
-               case '\\':  print_string("\\\\"); break;
-               case '\a':  print_string("\\a"); break;
-               case '\b':  print_string("\\b"); break;
-               case '\f':  print_string("\\f"); break;
-               case '\n':  print_string("\\n"); break;
-               case '\r':  print_string("\\r"); break;
-               case '\t':  print_string("\\t"); break;
-               case '\v':  print_string("\\v"); break;
-               case '\?':  print_string("\\?"); break;
+               case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
+               case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
+               case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
+               case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
+               case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
+               case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
+               case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
+               case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
+               case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
                case 27:
                        if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
                                print_string("\\e"); break;
                        }
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */
                default:
-                       if (tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
+                       if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
                                print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
                        } else {
                                print_char(tc);
@@ -273,77 +236,42 @@ static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border, int s
        print_char(border);
 }
 
-/**
- * Prints a wide string literal expression.
- *
- * @param wstr    the wide string literal expression
- * @param border  the border char
- * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
- */
-static void print_quoted_wide_string(const wide_string_t *const wstr,
-                                     char border, int skip)
+static void print_string_literal(const string_literal_expression_t *literal)
 {
-       print_string("L");
-       print_char(border);
-       const wchar_rep_t *end = wstr->begin + wstr->size - skip;
-       for (const wchar_rep_t *c = wstr->begin; c != end; ++c) {
-               switch (*c) {
-                       case L'\"':  print_string("\\\""); break;
-                       case L'\\':  print_string("\\\\"); break;
-                       case L'\a':  print_string("\\a");  break;
-                       case L'\b':  print_string("\\b");  break;
-                       case L'\f':  print_string("\\f");  break;
-                       case L'\n':  print_string("\\n");  break;
-                       case L'\r':  print_string("\\r");  break;
-                       case L'\t':  print_string("\\t");  break;
-                       case L'\v':  print_string("\\v");  break;
-                       case L'\?':  print_string("\\?");  break;
-                       case 27:
-                               if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
-                                       print_string("\\e"); break;
-                               }
-                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                       default: {
-                               const unsigned tc = *c;
-                               if (tc < 0x80U) {
-                                       if (isprint(*c)) {
-                                               print_char(*c);
-                                       } else {
-                                               print_format("\\%03o", tc);
-                                       }
-                               } else {
-                                       print_char(tc);
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
+       if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL) {
+               print_char('L');
        }
-       print_char(border);
-}
-
-/**
- * Print a constant character expression.
- *
- * @param cnst  the constant character expression
- */
-static void print_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
-{
-       print_quoted_string(&cnst->v.character, '\'', 0);
+       print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '"', 1);
 }
 
-static void print_wide_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
+static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 {
-       print_quoted_wide_string(&cnst->v.wide_character, '\'', 0);
-}
-
-/**
- * Prints a string literal expression.
- *
- * @param string_literal  the string literal expression
- */
-static void print_string_literal(
-               const string_literal_expression_t *string_literal)
-{
-       print_quoted_string(&string_literal->value, '"', 1);
+       switch (literal->base.kind) {
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
+               print_string("__noop");
+               return;
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL:
+               print_string("0x");
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL:
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
+               print_stringrep(&literal->value);
+               if (literal->suffix.size > 0)
+                       print_stringrep(&literal->suffix);
+               return;
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
+               print_char('L');
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
+               print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '\'', 0);
+               return;
+       default:
+               break;
+       }
+       print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 }
 
 /**
@@ -361,12 +289,6 @@ static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
        print_string(s);
 }
 
-static void print_wide_string_literal(
-       const wide_string_literal_expression_t *const wstr)
-{
-       print_quoted_wide_string(&wstr->value, '"', 1);
-}
-
 static void print_compound_literal(
                const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 {
@@ -483,7 +405,6 @@ static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
                print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
                print_string("--");
                return;
-       case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
                print_string("(");
                print_type(unexpr->base.type);
@@ -668,6 +589,12 @@ static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 {
        print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
+       /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
+        * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
+        */
+       if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
+               return;
+
        if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
                print_string("->");
        } else {
@@ -742,7 +669,8 @@ static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
  */
 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 {
-       if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT && !print_implicit_casts) {
+       if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST
+           && expression->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
                expression = expression->unary.value;
        }
 
@@ -754,28 +682,19 @@ static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_p
        if (parenthesized)
                print_string("(");
        switch (expression->kind) {
-       case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
-       case EXPR_INVALID:
-               print_string("$invalid expression$");
+       case EXPR_ERROR:
+               print_string("$error$");
                break;
-       case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
-               print_character_constant(&expression->conste);
-               break;
-       case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
-               print_wide_character_constant(&expression->conste);
+       case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
+       case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
+               print_string_literal(&expression->string_literal);
                break;
-       case EXPR_CONST:
-               print_const(&expression->conste);
+       EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
+               print_literal(&expression->literal);
                break;
        case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
                print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
                break;
-       case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
-               print_string_literal(&expression->string);
-               break;
-       case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
-               print_wide_string_literal(&expression->wide_string);
-               break;
        case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
                print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
                break;
@@ -832,11 +751,6 @@ static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_p
        case EXPR_STATEMENT:
                print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
                break;
-
-       default:
-               /* TODO */
-               print_format("some expression of type %d", (int)expression->kind);
-               break;
        }
        if (parenthesized)
                print_string(")");
@@ -1266,8 +1180,8 @@ void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
        case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
                print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
                break;
-       case STATEMENT_INVALID:
-               print_string("$invalid statement$\n");
+       case STATEMENT_ERROR:
+               print_string("$error statement$\n");
                break;
        }
 }
@@ -1328,7 +1242,7 @@ void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
                print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
                return;
        case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
-               print_quoted_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string.string, '"', 1);
+               print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
                return;
        case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
                print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
@@ -1506,6 +1420,13 @@ void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
                        }
                        break;
 
+               case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
+                       print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
+                       if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
+                               print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
+                       }
+                       break;
+
                default:
                        print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
                        break;
@@ -1551,19 +1472,14 @@ void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
                return;
        case ENTITY_STRUCT:
                print_string("struct ");
-               print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
-               if (entity->structe.complete) {
-                       print_string(" ");
-                       print_compound_definition(&entity->structe);
-               }
-               print_string(";");
-               return;
+               goto print_compound;
        case ENTITY_UNION:
                print_string("union ");
+print_compound:
                print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
-               if (entity->unione.complete) {
+               if (entity->compound.complete) {
                        print_string(" ");
-                       print_compound_definition(&entity->unione);
+                       print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
                }
                print_string(";");
                return;
@@ -1585,8 +1501,6 @@ void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
        case ENTITY_LABEL:
        case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
                panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
-       case ENTITY_INVALID:
-               break;
        }
        panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
 }
@@ -1614,81 +1528,100 @@ void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
        }
 }
 
-bool is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
+expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
 {
        switch (initializer->kind) {
        case INITIALIZER_STRING:
        case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
        case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
-               return true;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
 
        case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
                return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
 
-       case INITIALIZER_LIST:
+       case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
+               expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
                        initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
-                       if (!is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer))
-                               return false;
+                       expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
+                       if (all > cur) {
+                               all = cur;
+                       }
                }
-               return true;
+               return all;
+       }
        }
        panic("invalid initializer kind found");
 }
 
-static bool is_object_with_linker_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
+/**
+ * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
+ * to the linker. Example:
+ *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
+ *         constant but the address of x is.
+ *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
+ */
+static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
+       const expression_t *expression)
 {
        switch (expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
-               return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
+               return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
 
        case EXPR_SELECT: {
                type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
                if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
                        /* it's a -> */
-                       return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
+                       return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
                } else {
                        return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
                }
        }
 
-       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
-               return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index)
-                       && is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
+       case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
+               expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
+               expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
+               return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
+       }
 
        case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
                entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
-               if (is_declaration(entity)) {
-                       switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
-                       case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
-                       case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
-                       case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
-                               return
-                                       entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
-                                       !entity->variable.thread_local;
-
-                       case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
-                       case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
-                       case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
-                               break;
-                       }
+               if (!is_declaration(entity))
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+
+               switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
+               case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
+               case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
+               case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
+                       return
+                               entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
+                               !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
+                               EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+
+               case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
+               case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
+               case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
+                       break;
                }
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 
+       case EXPR_ERROR:
+               return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+
        default:
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 }
 
-bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
+expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        switch (expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
        case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
        case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
        case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
-               return true;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
 
        case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
                return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
@@ -1698,7 +1631,7 @@ bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
                        = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
                /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
                if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
-                       return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
+                       return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
                }
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        }
@@ -1706,71 +1639,104 @@ bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
                type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
                if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
-                       dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
-                       !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
-                       get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_atomic_type_size(get_intptr_kind())
+                               dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
+                               !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
+                               get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
                    ))
-                       return false;
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
 
-               return (is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value)
-                       || is_address_constant(expression->unary.value));
+               expression_classification_t const expr = is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
+               expression_classification_t const addr = is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
+               return expr > addr ? expr : addr;
        }
 
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
-               expression_t *left  = expression->binary.left;
-               expression_t *right = expression->binary.right;
-
-               if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(left->base.type))) {
-                       return is_address_constant(left) && is_constant_expression(right);
-               } else if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(right->base.type))) {
-                       return is_constant_expression(left)     && is_address_constant(right);
+               expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
+               expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
+               type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
+               type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
+
+               if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
+                       expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
+                       expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
+                       return l < r ? l : r;
+               } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
+                       expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
+                       expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
+                       return l < r ? l : r;
+               } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+               } else {
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
                }
-
-               return false;
        }
 
        case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
                entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
                if (!is_declaration(entity))
-                       return false;
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
 
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
                if (is_type_function(type))
-                       return true;
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
                if (is_type_array(type)) {
                        return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
                }
                /* Prevent stray errors */
                if (!is_type_valid(type))
-                       return true;
-               return false;
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 
        case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
                type_t *const type =
                        skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
-               return
-                       is_type_array(type)                                    &&
-                       is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index) &&
-                       is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
+               if (!is_type_array(type))
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+               expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
+               expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
+               return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
        }
 
        case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
                expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
-               if (!is_constant_expression(c))
-                       return false;
+               expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
+               if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
+                       return cclass;
 
                if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
                        expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
-                       return is_address_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
+                       return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
                } else {
-                       return is_address_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
+                       return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
                }
        }
 
+       case EXPR_SELECT: {
+               entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
+               if (!is_declaration(entity))
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+               type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
+               if (is_type_array(type)) {
+                       /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
+                       expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
+                       type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
+                       if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
+                               /* it's a -> */
+                               return is_linker_constant(compound);
+                       } else {
+                               return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
+                       }
+               }
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+       }
+
+       case EXPR_ERROR:
+               return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+
        default:
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 }
 
@@ -1778,46 +1744,40 @@ bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
  * returning a constant result.
  */
-static bool is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
+static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
        if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
        if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
 
        switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_val:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_valf:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_vall:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_inf:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_inff:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_infl:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_nan:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_nanf:
-       case bk_gnu_builtin_nanl:
-               return true;
+       case BUILTIN_INF:
+       case BUILTIN_NAN:
+               return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
        default:
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 
 }
 
-static bool is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
+static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
 {
-       if (is_constant_expression(expression))
-               return true;
+       expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
+       if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
+               return expr_class;
 
        switch (expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
                return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
        default:
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 }
 
-static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
+static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        switch (expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_SELECT: {
@@ -1834,38 +1794,42 @@ static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
                array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
                        &expression->array_access;
-               return
-                       is_constant_expression(array_access->index) && (
-                               is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref) ||
-                               is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref)
-                       );
+               expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
+               if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
+                       return idx_class;
+               expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
+               expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
+               return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
        }
 
        case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
                return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
+
+       case EXPR_ERROR:
+               return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+
        default:
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 }
 
-bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
+expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
 {
        switch (expression->kind) {
-
-       case EXPR_CONST:
-       case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
-       case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
+       EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
        case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
        case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
        case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
        case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
-               return true;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
 
        case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
                type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
-               return !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla;
+               return
+                       !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
+                       EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
        }
 
        case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
@@ -1877,7 +1841,6 @@ bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_VA_ARG:
        case EXPR_VA_COPY:
        case EXPR_STATEMENT:
-       case EXPR_REFERENCE:
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
@@ -1900,7 +1863,12 @@ bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
        case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
-               return false;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+
+       case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
+               type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
+               return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+       }
 
        case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
                return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
@@ -1914,10 +1882,14 @@ bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
                return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
 
-       case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
-       case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
-               return is_type_arithmetic(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
-                       && is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
+       case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
+               type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
+               if (is_type_scalar(type))
+                       return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
+               if (!is_type_valid(type))
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
+               return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
+       }
 
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
@@ -1940,25 +1912,29 @@ bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
-       case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
-               return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left)
-                       && is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
+       case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
+               expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
+               expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
+               return l < r ? l : r;
+       }
 
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
-               expression_t const *const left = expression->binary.left;
-               if (!is_constant_expression(left))
-                       return false;
-               if (fold_constant_to_bool(left) == false)
-                       return true;
+               expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
+               expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
+               if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
+                       return lclass;
+               if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
                return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
        }
 
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
-               expression_t const *const left = expression->binary.left;
-               if (!is_constant_expression(left))
-                       return false;
-               if (fold_constant_to_bool(left) == true)
-                       return true;
+               expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
+               expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
+               if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
+                       return lclass;
+               if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
+                       return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
                return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
        }
 
@@ -1966,51 +1942,31 @@ bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
                return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
 
        case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
-               expression_t *condition = expression->conditional.condition;
-               if (!is_constant_expression(condition))
-                       return false;
+               expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
+               expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
+               if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
+                       return cclass;
 
-               if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition) == true) {
+               if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
                        expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
-                       return t == NULL || is_constant_expression(t);
+                       return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
                } else {
                        return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
                }
        }
 
-       case EXPR_INVALID:
-               return true;
-
-       case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
-               break;
+       case EXPR_ERROR:
+               return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
        }
        panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
 }
 
-/**
- * Initialize the AST construction.
- */
 void init_ast(void)
 {
        obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
 }
 
-/**
- * Free the AST.
- */
 void exit_ast(void)
 {
        obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
 }
-
-/**
- * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
- *
- * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
- *
- * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
- */
-void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
-{
-       return _allocate_ast(size);
-}