nsz Git - cparser/blob - type.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include <stdio.h>
  23 #include <assert.h>
  24
  25 #include "type_t.h"
  26 #include "types.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "symbol_t.h"
  29 #include "type_hash.h"
  30 #include "adt/error.h"
  31 #include "adt/util.h"
  32 #include "lang_features.h"
  33 #include "warning.h"
  34 #include "diagnostic.h"
  35 #include "printer.h"
  36
  37 /** The default calling convention. */
  38 cc_kind_t default_calling_convention = CC_CDECL;
  39
  40 static struct obstack type_obst;
  41 static bool           print_implicit_array_size = false;
  42
  43 static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *type);
  44 static void intern_print_type_post(const type_t *type);
  45
  46 /**
  47  * Returns the size of a type node.
  48  *
  49  * @param kind  the type kind
  50  */
  51 static size_t get_type_struct_size(type_kind_t kind)
  52 {
  53         static const size_t sizes[] = {
  54                 [TYPE_ATOMIC]          = sizeof(atomic_type_t),
  55                 [TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT] = sizeof(compound_type_t),
  56                 [TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION]  = sizeof(compound_type_t),
  57                 [TYPE_ENUM]            = sizeof(enum_type_t),
  58                 [TYPE_FUNCTION]        = sizeof(function_type_t),
  59                 [TYPE_POINTER]         = sizeof(pointer_type_t),
  60                 [TYPE_REFERENCE]       = sizeof(reference_type_t),
  61                 [TYPE_ARRAY]           = sizeof(array_type_t),
  62                 [TYPE_TYPEDEF]         = sizeof(typedef_type_t),
  63                 [TYPE_TYPEOF]          = sizeof(typeof_type_t),
  64         };
  65         assert(lengthof(sizes) == (int)TYPE_TYPEOF + 1);
  66         assert(kind <= TYPE_TYPEOF);
  67         assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
  68         return sizes[kind];
  69 }
  70
  71 type_t *allocate_type_zero(type_kind_t kind)
  72 {
  73         size_t  const size = get_type_struct_size(kind);
  74         type_t *const res  = obstack_alloc(&type_obst, size);
  75         memset(res, 0, size);
  76         res->base.kind = kind;
  77
  78         return res;
  79 }
  80
  81 /**
  82  * Properties of atomic types.
  83  */
  84 atomic_type_properties_t atomic_type_properties[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1] = {
  85         [ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID] = {
  86                 .size      = 0,
  87                 .alignment = 0,
  88                 .flags     = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_NONE,
  89                 .rank      = 0,
  90         },
  91         [ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL] = {
  92                 .size       = 1,
  93                 .alignment  = 1,
  94                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
  95                 .rank       = 1,
  96         },
  97         [ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR] = {
  98                 .size      = 1,
  99                 .alignment = 1,
 100                 .flags     = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 101                 .rank      = 2,
 102         },
 103         [ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR] = {
 104                 .size      = 1,
 105                 .alignment = 1,
 106                 .flags     = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 107                            | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 108                 .rank      = 2,
 109         },
 110         [ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR] = {
 111                 .size      = 1,
 112                 .alignment = 1,
 113                 .flags     = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 114                 .rank      = 2,
 115         },
 116         [ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT] = {
 117                 .size       = 2,
 118                 .alignment  = 2,
 119                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 120                               | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 121                 .rank       = 3,
 122         },
 123         [ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT] = {
 124                 .size       = 2,
 125                 .alignment  = 2,
 126                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 127                 .rank       = 3,
 128         },
 129         [ATOMIC_TYPE_INT] = {
 130                 .size       = (unsigned) -1,
 131                 .alignment  = (unsigned) -1,
 132                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 133                               | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 134                 .rank       = 4,
 135         },
 136         [ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT] = {
 137                 .size       = (unsigned) -1,
 138                 .alignment  = (unsigned) -1,
 139                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 140                 .rank       = 4,
 141         },
 142         [ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG] = {
 143                 .size       = (unsigned) -1,
 144                 .alignment  = (unsigned) -1,
 145                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 146                               | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 147                 .rank       = 5,
 148         },
 149         [ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG] = {
 150                 .size       = (unsigned) -1,
 151                 .alignment  = (unsigned) -1,
 152                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 153                 .rank       = 5,
 154         },
 155         [ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG] = {
 156                 .size       = 8,
 157                 .alignment  = 8,
 158                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 159                               | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 160                 .rank       = 6,
 161         },
 162         [ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG] = {
 163                 .size       = 8,
 164                 .alignment  = 8,
 165                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 166                 .rank       = 6,
 167         },
 168         [ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT] = {
 169                 .size       = 4,
 170                 .alignment  = 4,
 171                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 172                               | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 173                 .rank       = 0,
 174         },
 175         [ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE] = {
 176                 .size       = 8,
 177                 .alignment  = 8,
 178                 .flags      = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC
 179                               | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED,
 180                 .rank       = 0,
 181         },
 182         [ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T] = {
 183                 .size      = (unsigned)-1,
 184                 .alignment = (unsigned)-1,
 185                 .flags     = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC,
 186                 .rank      = (unsigned)-1,
 187         },
 188 };
 189 atomic_type_properties_t pointer_properties = {
 190         .size      = 4,
 191         .alignment = 4,
 192         .flags     = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_NONE,
 193 };
 194
 195 static inline bool is_po2(unsigned x)
 196 {
 197         return (x & (x-1)) == 0;
 198 }
 199
 200 void init_types(unsigned machine_size)
 201 {
 202         obstack_init(&type_obst);
 203
 204         atomic_type_properties_t *props = atomic_type_properties;
 205
 206         /* atempt to set some sane defaults based on machine size */
 207
 208         unsigned int_size   = machine_size < 32 ? 2 : 4;
 209         unsigned long_size  = machine_size < 64 ? 4 : 8;
 210
 211         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT].size        = int_size;
 212         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT].alignment   = int_size;
 213         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT].size       = int_size;
 214         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT].alignment  = int_size;
 215         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG].size       = long_size;
 216         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG].alignment  = long_size;
 217         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG].size      = long_size;
 218         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG].alignment = long_size;
 219
 220         pointer_properties.size             = long_size;
 221         pointer_properties.alignment        = long_size;
 222         pointer_properties.struct_alignment = long_size;
 223
 224         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE] = props[ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE];
 225         props[ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T]     = props[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT];
 226
 227         /* set struct alignments to the same value as alignment */
 228         for (size_t i = 0; i != lengthof(atomic_type_properties); ++i) {
 229                 props[i].struct_alignment = props[i].alignment;
 230         }
 231 }
 232
 233 void exit_types(void)
 234 {
 235         obstack_free(&type_obst, NULL);
 236 }
 237
 238 void print_type_qualifiers(type_qualifiers_t const qualifiers, QualifierSeparators const q)
 239 {
 240         size_t sep = q & QUAL_SEP_START ? 0 : 1;
 241         if (qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
 242                 print_string(" const" + sep);
 243                 sep = 0;
 244         }
 245         if (qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
 246                 print_string(" volatile" + sep);
 247                 sep = 0;
 248         }
 249         if (qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT) {
 250                 print_string(" restrict" + sep);
 251                 sep = 0;
 252         }
 253         if (sep == 0 && q & QUAL_SEP_END)
 254                 print_char(' ');
 255 }
 256
 257 const char *get_atomic_kind_name(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
 258 {
 259         switch(kind) {
 260         case ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID: break;
 261         case ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID:        return "void";
 262         case ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T:     return "wchar_t";
 263         case ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL:        return c_mode & _CXX ? "bool" : "_Bool";
 264         case ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR:        return "char";
 265         case ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR:       return "signed char";
 266         case ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR:       return "unsigned char";
 267         case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT:         return "int";
 268         case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:        return "unsigned int";
 269         case ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT:       return "short";
 270         case ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT:      return "unsigned short";
 271         case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:        return "long";
 272         case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:       return "unsigned long";
 273         case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:    return "long long";
 274         case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:   return "unsigned long long";
 275         case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE: return "long double";
 276         case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:       return "float";
 277         case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE:      return "double";
 278         }
 279         return "INVALIDATOMIC";
 280 }
 281
 282 /**
 283  * Prints the name of an atomic type kinds.
 284  *
 285  * @param kind  The type kind.
 286  */
 287 static void print_atomic_kinds(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
 288 {
 289         const char *s = get_atomic_kind_name(kind);
 290         print_string(s);
 291 }
 292
 293 /**
 294  * Prints the name of an atomic type.
 295  *
 296  * @param type  The type.
 297  */
 298 static void print_atomic_type(const atomic_type_t *type)
 299 {
 300         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 301         print_atomic_kinds(type->akind);
 302 }
 303
 304 /**
 305  * Prints the name of a complex type.
 306  *
 307  * @param type  The type.
 308  */
 309 static void print_complex_type(const atomic_type_t *type)
 310 {
 311         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 312         print_string("_Complex");
 313         print_atomic_kinds(type->akind);
 314 }
 315
 316 /**
 317  * Prints the name of an imaginary type.
 318  *
 319  * @param type  The type.
 320  */
 321 static void print_imaginary_type(const atomic_type_t *type)
 322 {
 323         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 324         print_string("_Imaginary ");
 325         print_atomic_kinds(type->akind);
 326 }
 327
 328 /**
 329  * Print the first part (the prefix) of a type.
 330  *
 331  * @param type   The type to print.
 332  */
 333 static void print_function_type_pre(const function_type_t *type)
 334 {
 335         switch (type->linkage) {
 336                 case LINKAGE_C:
 337                         if (c_mode & _CXX)
 338                                 print_string("extern \"C\" ");
 339                         break;
 340
 341                 case LINKAGE_CXX:
 342                         if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
 343                                 print_string("extern \"C++\" ");
 344                         break;
 345         }
 346
 347         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 348
 349         intern_print_type_pre(type->return_type);
 350
 351         cc_kind_t cc = type->calling_convention;
 352 restart:
 353         switch (cc) {
 354         case CC_CDECL:    print_string(" __cdecl");    break;
 355         case CC_STDCALL:  print_string(" __stdcall");  break;
 356         case CC_FASTCALL: print_string(" __fastcall"); break;
 357         case CC_THISCALL: print_string(" __thiscall"); break;
 358         case CC_DEFAULT:
 359                 if (default_calling_convention != CC_CDECL) {
 360                         /* show the default calling convention if its not cdecl */
 361                         cc = default_calling_convention;
 362                         goto restart;
 363                 }
 364                 break;
 365         }
 366 }
 367
 368 /**
 369  * Print the second part (the postfix) of a type.
 370  *
 371  * @param type   The type to print.
 372  */
 373 static void print_function_type_post(const function_type_t *type,
 374                                      const scope_t *parameters)
 375 {
 376         print_string("(");
 377         bool first = true;
 378         if (parameters == NULL) {
 379                 function_parameter_t *parameter = type->parameters;
 380                 for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
 381                         if (first) {
 382                                 first = false;
 383                         } else {
 384                                 print_string(", ");
 385                         }
 386                         print_type(parameter->type);
 387                 }
 388         } else {
 389                 entity_t *parameter = parameters->entities;
 390                 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
 391                         if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
 392                                 continue;
 393
 394                         if (first) {
 395                                 first = false;
 396                         } else {
 397                                 print_string(", ");
 398                         }
 399                         const type_t *const param_type = parameter->declaration.type;
 400                         if (param_type == NULL) {
 401                                 print_string(parameter->base.symbol->string);
 402                         } else {
 403                                 print_type_ext(param_type, parameter->base.symbol, NULL);
 404                         }
 405                 }
 406         }
 407         if (type->variadic) {
 408                 if (first) {
 409                         first = false;
 410                 } else {
 411                         print_string(", ");
 412                 }
 413                 print_string("...");
 414         }
 415         if (first && !type->unspecified_parameters) {
 416                 print_string("void");
 417         }
 418         print_string(")");
 419
 420         intern_print_type_post(type->return_type);
 421 }
 422
 423 /**
 424  * Prints the prefix part of a pointer type.
 425  *
 426  * @param type   The pointer type.
 427  */
 428 static void print_pointer_type_pre(const pointer_type_t *type)
 429 {
 430         type_t const *const points_to = type->points_to;
 431         intern_print_type_pre(points_to);
 432         if (points_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
 433                 print_string(" (");
 434         variable_t *const variable = type->base_variable;
 435         if (variable != NULL) {
 436                 print_string(" __based(");
 437                 print_string(variable->base.base.symbol->string);
 438                 print_string(") ");
 439         }
 440         print_string("*");
 441         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_START);
 442 }
 443
 444 /**
 445  * Prints the postfix part of a pointer type.
 446  *
 447  * @param type   The pointer type.
 448  */
 449 static void print_pointer_type_post(const pointer_type_t *type)
 450 {
 451         type_t const *const points_to = type->points_to;
 452         if (points_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
 453                 print_string(")");
 454         intern_print_type_post(points_to);
 455 }
 456
 457 /**
 458  * Prints the prefix part of a reference type.
 459  *
 460  * @param type   The reference type.
 461  */
 462 static void print_reference_type_pre(const reference_type_t *type)
 463 {
 464         type_t const *const refers_to = type->refers_to;
 465         intern_print_type_pre(refers_to);
 466         if (refers_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || refers_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
 467                 print_string(" (");
 468         print_string("&");
 469 }
 470
 471 /**
 472  * Prints the postfix part of a reference type.
 473  *
 474  * @param type   The reference type.
 475  */
 476 static void print_reference_type_post(const reference_type_t *type)
 477 {
 478         type_t const *const refers_to = type->refers_to;
 479         if (refers_to->kind == TYPE_ARRAY || refers_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION)
 480                 print_string(")");
 481         intern_print_type_post(refers_to);
 482 }
 483
 484 /**
 485  * Prints the prefix part of an array type.
 486  *
 487  * @param type   The array type.
 488  */
 489 static void print_array_type_pre(const array_type_t *type)
 490 {
 491         intern_print_type_pre(type->element_type);
 492 }
 493
 494 /**
 495  * Prints the postfix part of an array type.
 496  *
 497  * @param type   The array type.
 498  */
 499 static void print_array_type_post(const array_type_t *type)
 500 {
 501         print_string("[");
 502         if (type->is_static) {
 503                 print_string("static ");
 504         }
 505         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 506         if (type->size_expression != NULL
 507                         && (print_implicit_array_size || !type->has_implicit_size)) {
 508                 print_expression(type->size_expression);
 509         }
 510         print_string("]");
 511         intern_print_type_post(type->element_type);
 512 }
 513
 514 void print_enum_definition(const enum_t *enume)
 515 {
 516         print_string("{\n");
 517
 518         change_indent(1);
 519
 520         entity_t *entry = enume->base.next;
 521         for( ; entry != NULL && entry->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE;
 522                entry = entry->base.next) {
 523
 524                 print_indent();
 525                 print_string(entry->base.symbol->string);
 526                 if (entry->enum_value.value != NULL) {
 527                         print_string(" = ");
 528
 529                         /* skip the implicit cast */
 530                         expression_t *expression = entry->enum_value.value;
 531                         print_expression(expression);
 532                 }
 533                 print_string(",\n");
 534         }
 535
 536         change_indent(-1);
 537         print_indent();
 538         print_string("}");
 539 }
 540
 541 /**
 542  * Prints an enum type.
 543  *
 544  * @param type  The enum type.
 545  */
 546 static void print_type_enum(const enum_type_t *type)
 547 {
 548         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 549         print_string("enum ");
 550
 551         enum_t   *enume  = type->enume;
 552         symbol_t *symbol = enume->base.symbol;
 553         if (symbol != NULL) {
 554                 print_string(symbol->string);
 555         } else {
 556                 print_enum_definition(enume);
 557         }
 558 }
 559
 560 void print_compound_definition(const compound_t *compound)
 561 {
 562         print_string("{\n");
 563         change_indent(1);
 564
 565         entity_t *entity = compound->members.entities;
 566         for( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
 567                 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
 568                         continue;
 569
 570                 print_indent();
 571                 print_entity(entity);
 572                 print_string("\n");
 573         }
 574
 575         change_indent(-1);
 576         print_indent();
 577         print_string("}");
 578         if (compound->modifiers & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION) {
 579                 print_string("__attribute__((__transparent_union__))");
 580         }
 581 }
 582
 583 /**
 584  * Prints a compound type.
 585  *
 586  * @param type  The compound type.
 587  */
 588 static void print_compound_type(const compound_type_t *type)
 589 {
 590         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 591
 592         if (type->base.kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
 593                 print_string("struct ");
 594         } else {
 595                 assert(type->base.kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
 596                 print_string("union ");
 597         }
 598
 599         compound_t *compound = type->compound;
 600         symbol_t   *symbol   = compound->base.symbol;
 601         if (symbol != NULL) {
 602                 print_string(symbol->string);
 603         } else {
 604                 print_compound_definition(compound);
 605         }
 606 }
 607
 608 /**
 609  * Prints the prefix part of a typedef type.
 610  *
 611  * @param type   The typedef type.
 612  */
 613 static void print_typedef_type_pre(const typedef_type_t *const type)
 614 {
 615         print_type_qualifiers(type->base.qualifiers, QUAL_SEP_END);
 616         print_string(type->typedefe->base.symbol->string);
 617 }
 618
 619 /**
 620  * Prints the prefix part of a typeof type.
 621  *
 622  * @param type   The typeof type.
 623  */
 624 static void print_typeof_type_pre(const typeof_type_t *const type)
 625 {
 626         print_string("typeof(");
 627         if (type->expression != NULL) {
 628                 print_expression(type->expression);
 629         } else {
 630                 print_type(type->typeof_type);
 631         }
 632         print_string(")");
 633 }
 634
 635 /**
 636  * Prints the prefix part of a type.
 637  *
 638  * @param type   The type.
 639  */
 640 static void intern_print_type_pre(const type_t *const type)
 641 {
 642         switch(type->kind) {
 643         case TYPE_ERROR:
 644                 print_string("<error>");
 645                 return;
 646         case TYPE_ENUM:
 647                 print_type_enum(&type->enumt);
 648                 return;
 649         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
 650                 print_atomic_type(&type->atomic);
 651                 return;
 652         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
 653                 print_complex_type(&type->atomic);
 654                 return;
 655         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
 656                 print_imaginary_type(&type->atomic);
 657                 return;
 658         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
 659         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
 660                 print_compound_type(&type->compound);
 661                 return;
 662         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
 663                 print_function_type_pre(&type->function);
 664                 return;
 665         case TYPE_POINTER:
 666                 print_pointer_type_pre(&type->pointer);
 667                 return;
 668         case TYPE_REFERENCE:
 669                 print_reference_type_pre(&type->reference);
 670                 return;
 671         case TYPE_ARRAY:
 672                 print_array_type_pre(&type->array);
 673                 return;
 674         case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
 675                 print_typedef_type_pre(&type->typedeft);
 676                 return;
 677         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
 678                 print_typeof_type_pre(&type->typeoft);
 679                 return;
 680         }
 681         print_string("unknown");
 682 }
 683
 684 /**
 685  * Prints the postfix part of a type.
 686  *
 687  * @param type   The type.
 688  */
 689 static void intern_print_type_post(const type_t *const type)
 690 {
 691         switch(type->kind) {
 692         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
 693                 print_function_type_post(&type->function, NULL);
 694                 return;
 695         case TYPE_POINTER:
 696                 print_pointer_type_post(&type->pointer);
 697                 return;
 698         case TYPE_REFERENCE:
 699                 print_reference_type_post(&type->reference);
 700                 return;
 701         case TYPE_ARRAY:
 702                 print_array_type_post(&type->array);
 703                 return;
 704         case TYPE_ERROR:
 705         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
 706         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
 707         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
 708         case TYPE_ENUM:
 709         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
 710         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
 711         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
 712         case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
 713                 break;
 714         }
 715 }
 716
 717 void print_type(const type_t *const type)
 718 {
 719         print_type_ext(type, NULL, NULL);
 720 }
 721
 722 void print_type_ext(const type_t *const type, const symbol_t *symbol,
 723                     const scope_t *parameters)
 724 {
 725         intern_print_type_pre(type);
 726         if (symbol != NULL) {
 727                 print_string(" ");
 728                 print_string(symbol->string);
 729         }
 730         if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
 731                 print_function_type_post(&type->function, parameters);
 732         } else {
 733                 intern_print_type_post(type);
 734         }
 735 }
 736
 737 type_t *duplicate_type(const type_t *type)
 738 {
 739         size_t size = get_type_struct_size(type->kind);
 740
 741         type_t *const copy = obstack_alloc(&type_obst, size);
 742         memcpy(copy, type, size);
 743         copy->base.firm_type = NULL;
 744
 745         return copy;
 746 }
 747
 748 type_t *get_unqualified_type(type_t *type)
 749 {
 750         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 751
 752         if (type->base.qualifiers == TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE)
 753                 return type;
 754
 755         type_t *unqualified_type          = duplicate_type(type);
 756         unqualified_type->base.qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
 757
 758         return identify_new_type(unqualified_type);
 759 }
 760
 761 type_t *get_qualified_type(type_t *orig_type, type_qualifiers_t const qual)
 762 {
 763         type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
 764
 765         type_t *copy;
 766         if (is_type_array(type)) {
 767                 /* For array types the element type has to be adjusted */
 768                 type_t *element_type      = type->array.element_type;
 769                 type_t *qual_element_type = get_qualified_type(element_type, qual);
 770
 771                 if (qual_element_type == element_type)
 772                         return orig_type;
 773
 774                 copy                     = duplicate_type(type);
 775                 copy->array.element_type = qual_element_type;
 776         } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
 777                 if ((type->base.qualifiers & qual) == (int)qual)
 778                         return orig_type;
 779
 780                 copy                   = duplicate_type(type);
 781                 copy->base.qualifiers |= qual;
 782         } else {
 783                 return type;
 784         }
 785
 786         return identify_new_type(copy);
 787 }
 788
 789 static bool test_atomic_type_flag(atomic_type_kind_t kind,
 790                                   atomic_type_flag_t flag)
 791 {
 792         assert(kind <= ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST);
 793         return (atomic_type_properties[kind].flags & flag) != 0;
 794 }
 795
 796 bool is_type_integer(const type_t *type)
 797 {
 798         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 799
 800         if (type->kind == TYPE_ENUM)
 801                 return true;
 802         if (type->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC)
 803                 return false;
 804
 805         return test_atomic_type_flag(type->atomic.akind, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER);
 806 }
 807
 808 bool is_type_enum(const type_t *type)
 809 {
 810         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 811         return type->kind == TYPE_ENUM;
 812 }
 813
 814 bool is_type_float(const type_t *type)
 815 {
 816         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 817
 818         if (type->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC)
 819                 return false;
 820
 821         return test_atomic_type_flag(type->atomic.akind, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT);
 822 }
 823
 824 bool is_type_complex(const type_t *type)
 825 {
 826         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 827
 828         if (type->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC)
 829                 return false;
 830
 831         return test_atomic_type_flag(type->atomic.akind, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_COMPLEX);
 832 }
 833
 834 bool is_type_signed(const type_t *type)
 835 {
 836         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 837
 838         /* enum types are int for now */
 839         if (type->kind == TYPE_ENUM)
 840                 return true;
 841         if (type->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC)
 842                 return false;
 843
 844         return test_atomic_type_flag(type->atomic.akind, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED);
 845 }
 846
 847 bool is_type_arithmetic(const type_t *type)
 848 {
 849         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 850
 851         switch(type->kind) {
 852         case TYPE_ENUM:
 853                 return true;
 854         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
 855         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
 856         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
 857                 return test_atomic_type_flag(type->atomic.akind, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC);
 858         default:
 859                 return false;
 860         }
 861 }
 862
 863 bool is_type_real(const type_t *type)
 864 {
 865         /* 6.2.5 (17) */
 866         return is_type_integer(type) || is_type_float(type);
 867 }
 868
 869 bool is_type_scalar(const type_t *type)
 870 {
 871         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 872
 873         if (type->kind == TYPE_POINTER)
 874                 return true;
 875
 876         return is_type_arithmetic(type);
 877 }
 878
 879 bool is_type_incomplete(const type_t *type)
 880 {
 881         assert(!is_typeref(type));
 882
 883         switch(type->kind) {
 884         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
 885         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
 886                 const compound_type_t *compound_type = &type->compound;
 887                 return !compound_type->compound->complete;
 888         }
 889         case TYPE_ENUM:
 890                 return false;
 891
 892         case TYPE_ARRAY:
 893                 return type->array.size_expression == NULL
 894                         && !type->array.size_constant;
 895
 896         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
 897         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
 898         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
 899                 return type->atomic.akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID;
 900
 901         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
 902         case TYPE_POINTER:
 903         case TYPE_REFERENCE:
 904         case TYPE_ERROR:
 905                 return false;
 906
 907         case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
 908         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
 909                 panic("is_type_incomplete called without typerefs skipped");
 910         }
 911
 912         panic("invalid type found");
 913 }
 914
 915 bool is_type_object(const type_t *type)
 916 {
 917         return !is_type_function(type) && !is_type_incomplete(type);
 918 }
 919
 920 /**
 921  * Check if two function types are compatible.
 922  */
 923 static bool function_types_compatible(const function_type_t *func1,
 924                                       const function_type_t *func2)
 925 {
 926         const type_t* const ret1 = skip_typeref(func1->return_type);
 927         const type_t* const ret2 = skip_typeref(func2->return_type);
 928         if (!types_compatible(ret1, ret2))
 929                 return false;
 930
 931         if (func1->linkage != func2->linkage)
 932                 return false;
 933
 934         cc_kind_t cc1 = func1->calling_convention;
 935         if (cc1 == CC_DEFAULT)
 936                 cc1 = default_calling_convention;
 937         cc_kind_t cc2 = func2->calling_convention;
 938         if (cc2 == CC_DEFAULT)
 939                 cc2 = default_calling_convention;
 940
 941         if (cc1 != cc2)
 942                 return false;
 943
 944         if (func1->variadic != func2->variadic)
 945                 return false;
 946
 947         /* can parameters be compared? */
 948         if ((func1->unspecified_parameters && !func1->kr_style_parameters)
 949                         || (func2->unspecified_parameters && !func2->kr_style_parameters))
 950                 return true;
 951
 952         /* TODO: handling of unspecified parameters not correct yet */
 953
 954         /* all argument types must be compatible */
 955         function_parameter_t *parameter1 = func1->parameters;
 956         function_parameter_t *parameter2 = func2->parameters;
 957         for ( ; parameter1 != NULL && parameter2 != NULL;
 958                         parameter1 = parameter1->next, parameter2 = parameter2->next) {
 959                 type_t *parameter1_type = skip_typeref(parameter1->type);
 960                 type_t *parameter2_type = skip_typeref(parameter2->type);
 961
 962                 parameter1_type = get_unqualified_type(parameter1_type);
 963                 parameter2_type = get_unqualified_type(parameter2_type);
 964
 965                 if (!types_compatible(parameter1_type, parameter2_type))
 966                         return false;
 967         }
 968         /* same number of arguments? */
 969         if (parameter1 != NULL || parameter2 != NULL)
 970                 return false;
 971
 972         return true;
 973 }
 974
 975 /**
 976  * Check if two array types are compatible.
 977  */
 978 static bool array_types_compatible(const array_type_t *array1,
 979                                    const array_type_t *array2)
 980 {
 981         type_t *element_type1 = skip_typeref(array1->element_type);
 982         type_t *element_type2 = skip_typeref(array2->element_type);
 983         if (!types_compatible(element_type1, element_type2))
 984                 return false;
 985
 986         if (!array1->size_constant || !array2->size_constant)
 987                 return true;
 988
 989         return array1->size == array2->size;
 990 }
 991
 992 bool types_compatible(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
 993 {
 994         assert(!is_typeref(type1));
 995         assert(!is_typeref(type2));
 996
 997         /* shortcut: the same type is always compatible */
 998         if (type1 == type2)
 999                 return true;
1000
1001         if (!is_type_valid(type1) || !is_type_valid(type2))
1002                 return true;
1003
1004         if (type1->base.qualifiers != type2->base.qualifiers)
1005                 return false;
1006         if (type1->kind != type2->kind)
1007                 return false;
1008
1009         switch (type1->kind) {
1010         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
1011                 return function_types_compatible(&type1->function, &type2->function);
1012         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
1013         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
1014         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
1015                 return type1->atomic.akind == type2->atomic.akind;
1016         case TYPE_ARRAY:
1017                 return array_types_compatible(&type1->array, &type2->array);
1018
1019         case TYPE_POINTER: {
1020                 const type_t *const to1 = skip_typeref(type1->pointer.points_to);
1021                 const type_t *const to2 = skip_typeref(type2->pointer.points_to);
1022                 return types_compatible(to1, to2);
1023         }
1024
1025         case TYPE_REFERENCE: {
1026                 const type_t *const to1 = skip_typeref(type1->reference.refers_to);
1027                 const type_t *const to2 = skip_typeref(type2->reference.refers_to);
1028                 return types_compatible(to1, to2);
1029         }
1030
1031         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
1032         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
1033                 break;
1034         }
1035         case TYPE_ENUM:
1036                 /* TODO: not implemented */
1037                 break;
1038
1039         case TYPE_ERROR:
1040                 /* Hmm, the error type should be compatible to all other types */
1041                 return true;
1042         case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
1043         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
1044                 panic("typerefs not skipped in compatible types?!?");
1045         }
1046
1047         return false;
1048 }
1049
1050 /**
1051  * Skip all typerefs and return the underlying type.
1052  */
1053 type_t *skip_typeref(type_t *type)
1054 {
1055         type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
1056
1057         while (true) {
1058                 switch (type->kind) {
1059                 case TYPE_ERROR:
1060                         return type;
1061                 case TYPE_TYPEDEF: {
1062                         qualifiers |= type->base.qualifiers;
1063
1064                         const typedef_type_t *typedef_type = &type->typedeft;
1065                         if (typedef_type->resolved_type != NULL) {
1066                                 type = typedef_type->resolved_type;
1067                                 break;
1068                         }
1069                         type = typedef_type->typedefe->type;
1070                         continue;
1071                 }
1072                 case TYPE_TYPEOF:
1073                         qualifiers |= type->base.qualifiers;
1074                         type        = type->typeoft.typeof_type;
1075                         continue;
1076                 default:
1077                         break;
1078                 }
1079                 break;
1080         }
1081
1082         if (qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE) {
1083                 type_t *const copy = duplicate_type(type);
1084
1085                 /* for const with typedefed array type the element type has to be
1086                  * adjusted */
1087                 if (is_type_array(copy)) {
1088                         type_t *element_type           = copy->array.element_type;
1089                         element_type                   = duplicate_type(element_type);
1090                         element_type->base.qualifiers |= qualifiers;
1091                         copy->array.element_type       = element_type;
1092                 } else {
1093                         copy->base.qualifiers |= qualifiers;
1094                 }
1095
1096                 type = identify_new_type(copy);
1097         }
1098
1099         return type;
1100 }
1101
1102 unsigned get_type_size(type_t *type)
1103 {
1104         switch (type->kind) {
1105         case TYPE_ERROR:
1106                 return 0;
1107         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
1108         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
1109         case TYPE_ENUM:
1110                 return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind);
1111         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
1112                 return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind) * 2;
1113         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
1114                 layout_union_type(&type->compound);
1115                 return type->compound.compound->size;
1116         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
1117                 layout_struct_type(&type->compound);
1118                 return type->compound.compound->size;
1119         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
1120                 return 0; /* non-const (but "address-const") */
1121         case TYPE_REFERENCE:
1122         case TYPE_POINTER:
1123                 return pointer_properties.size;
1124         case TYPE_ARRAY: {
1125                 /* TODO: correct if element_type is aligned? */
1126                 il_size_t element_size = get_type_size(type->array.element_type);
1127                 return type->array.size * element_size;
1128         }
1129         case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
1130                 return get_type_size(type->typedeft.typedefe->type);
1131         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
1132                 return get_type_size(type->typeoft.typeof_type);
1133         }
1134         panic("invalid type in get_type_size");
1135 }
1136
1137 unsigned get_type_alignment(type_t *type)
1138 {
1139         switch (type->kind) {
1140         case TYPE_ERROR:
1141                 return 0;
1142         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
1143         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
1144         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
1145         case TYPE_ENUM:
1146                 return get_atomic_type_alignment(type->atomic.akind);
1147         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
1148                 layout_union_type(&type->compound);
1149                 return type->compound.compound->alignment;
1150         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
1151                 layout_struct_type(&type->compound);
1152                 return type->compound.compound->alignment;
1153         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
1154                 /* gcc says 1 here... */
1155                 return 1;
1156         case TYPE_REFERENCE:
1157         case TYPE_POINTER:
1158                 return pointer_properties.alignment;
1159         case TYPE_ARRAY:
1160                 return get_type_alignment(type->array.element_type);
1161         case TYPE_TYPEDEF: {
1162                 il_alignment_t alignment
1163                         = get_type_alignment(type->typedeft.typedefe->type);
1164                 if (type->typedeft.typedefe->alignment > alignment)
1165                         alignment = type->typedeft.typedefe->alignment;
1166
1167                 return alignment;
1168         }
1169         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
1170                 return get_type_alignment(type->typeoft.typeof_type);
1171         }
1172         panic("invalid type in get_type_alignment");
1173 }
1174
1175 /**
1176  * get alignment of a type when used inside a compound.
1177  * Some ABIs are broken and alignment inside a compound is different from
1178  * recommended alignment of a type
1179  */
1180 static unsigned get_type_alignment_compound(type_t *const type)
1181 {
1182         assert(!is_typeref(type));
1183         if (type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC)
1184                 return atomic_type_properties[type->atomic.akind].struct_alignment;
1185         return get_type_alignment(type);
1186 }
1187
1188 decl_modifiers_t get_type_modifiers(const type_t *type)
1189 {
1190         switch(type->kind) {
1191         case TYPE_ERROR:
1192                 break;
1193         case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
1194         case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
1195                 return type->compound.compound->modifiers;
1196         case TYPE_FUNCTION:
1197                 return type->function.modifiers;
1198         case TYPE_ENUM:
1199         case TYPE_ATOMIC:
1200         case TYPE_COMPLEX:
1201         case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
1202         case TYPE_REFERENCE:
1203         case TYPE_POINTER:
1204         case TYPE_ARRAY:
1205                 return 0;
1206         case TYPE_TYPEDEF: {
1207                 decl_modifiers_t modifiers = type->typedeft.typedefe->modifiers;
1208                 modifiers |= get_type_modifiers(type->typedeft.typedefe->type);
1209                 return modifiers;
1210         }
1211         case TYPE_TYPEOF:
1212                 return get_type_modifiers(type->typeoft.typeof_type);
1213         }
1214         panic("invalid type found in get_type_modifiers");
1215 }
1216
1217 type_qualifiers_t get_type_qualifier(const type_t *type, bool skip_array_type)
1218 {
1219         type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
1220
1221         while (true) {
1222                 switch (type->base.kind) {
1223                 case TYPE_ERROR:
1224                         return TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
1225                 case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
1226                         qualifiers |= type->base.qualifiers;
1227                         const typedef_type_t *typedef_type = &type->typedeft;
1228                         if (typedef_type->resolved_type != NULL)
1229                                 type = typedef_type->resolved_type;
1230                         else
1231                                 type = typedef_type->typedefe->type;
1232                         continue;
1233                 case TYPE_TYPEOF:
1234                         type = type->typeoft.typeof_type;
1235                         continue;
1236                 case TYPE_ARRAY:
1237                         if (skip_array_type) {
1238                                 type = type->array.element_type;
1239                                 continue;
1240                         }
1241                         break;
1242                 default:
1243                         break;
1244                 }
1245                 break;
1246         }
1247         return type->base.qualifiers | qualifiers;
1248 }
1249
1250 unsigned get_atomic_type_size(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
1251 {
1252         assert(kind <= ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST);
1253         return atomic_type_properties[kind].size;
1254 }
1255
1256 unsigned get_atomic_type_alignment(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
1257 {
1258         assert(kind <= ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST);
1259         return atomic_type_properties[kind].alignment;
1260 }
1261
1262 unsigned get_atomic_type_flags(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
1263 {
1264         assert(kind <= ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST);
1265         return atomic_type_properties[kind].flags;
1266 }
1267
1268 /**
1269  * Find the atomic type kind representing a given size (signed).
1270  */
1271 atomic_type_kind_t find_signed_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size)
1272 {
1273         static atomic_type_kind_t kinds[32];
1274
1275         assert(size < 32);
1276         atomic_type_kind_t kind = kinds[size];
1277         if (kind == ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID) {
1278                 static const atomic_type_kind_t possible_kinds[] = {
1279                         ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR,
1280                         ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT,
1281                         ATOMIC_TYPE_INT,
1282                         ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG,
1283                         ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG
1284                 };
1285                 for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(possible_kinds); ++i) {
1286                         if (get_atomic_type_size(possible_kinds[i]) == size) {
1287                                 kind = possible_kinds[i];
1288                                 break;
1289                         }
1290                 }
1291                 kinds[size] = kind;
1292         }
1293         return kind;
1294 }
1295
1296 /**
1297  * Find the atomic type kind representing a given size (signed).
1298  */
1299 atomic_type_kind_t find_unsigned_int_atomic_type_kind_for_size(unsigned size)
1300 {
1301         static atomic_type_kind_t kinds[32];
1302
1303         assert(size < 32);
1304         atomic_type_kind_t kind = kinds[size];
1305         if (kind == ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID) {
1306                 static const atomic_type_kind_t possible_kinds[] = {
1307                         ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR,
1308                         ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT,
1309                         ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT,
1310                         ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG,
1311                         ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG
1312                 };
1313                 for (size_t i = 0; i < lengthof(possible_kinds); ++i) {
1314                         if (get_atomic_type_size(possible_kinds[i]) == size) {
1315                                 kind = possible_kinds[i];
1316                                 break;
1317                         }
1318                 }
1319                 kinds[size] = kind;
1320         }
1321         return kind;
1322 }
1323
1324 /**
1325  * Hash the given type and return the "singleton" version
1326  * of it.
1327  */
1328 type_t *identify_new_type(type_t *type)
1329 {
1330         type_t *result = typehash_insert(type);
1331         if (result != type) {
1332                 obstack_free(&type_obst, type);
1333         }
1334         return result;
1335 }
1336
1337 /**
1338  * Creates a new atomic type.
1339  *
1340  * @param akind       The kind of the atomic type.
1341  * @param qualifiers  Type qualifiers for the new type.
1342  */
1343 type_t *make_atomic_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind, type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
1344 {
1345         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
1346         type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
1347         type->atomic.akind    = akind;
1348
1349         return identify_new_type(type);
1350 }
1351
1352 /**
1353  * Creates a new complex type.
1354  *
1355  * @param akind       The kind of the atomic type.
1356  * @param qualifiers  Type qualifiers for the new type.
1357  */
1358 type_t *make_complex_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind,
1359                           type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
1360 {
1361         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPLEX);
1362         type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
1363         type->atomic.akind   = akind;
1364
1365         return identify_new_type(type);
1366 }
1367
1368 /**
1369  * Creates a new imaginary type.
1370  *
1371  * @param akind       The kind of the atomic type.
1372  * @param qualifiers  Type qualifiers for the new type.
1373  */
1374 type_t *make_imaginary_type(atomic_type_kind_t akind,
1375                             type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
1376 {
1377         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_IMAGINARY);
1378         type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
1379         type->atomic.akind = akind;
1380
1381         return identify_new_type(type);
1382 }
1383
1384 /**
1385  * Creates a new pointer type.
1386  *
1387  * @param points_to   The points-to type for the new type.
1388  * @param qualifiers  Type qualifiers for the new type.
1389  */
1390 type_t *make_pointer_type(type_t *points_to, type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
1391 {
1392         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_POINTER);
1393         type->base.qualifiers       = qualifiers;
1394         type->pointer.points_to     = points_to;
1395         type->pointer.base_variable = NULL;
1396
1397         return identify_new_type(type);
1398 }
1399
1400 /**
1401  * Creates a new reference type.
1402  *
1403  * @param refers_to   The referred-to type for the new type.
1404  */
1405 type_t *make_reference_type(type_t *refers_to)
1406 {
1407         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_REFERENCE);
1408         type->base.qualifiers     = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
1409         type->reference.refers_to = refers_to;
1410
1411         return identify_new_type(type);
1412 }
1413
1414 /**
1415  * Creates a new based pointer type.
1416  *
1417  * @param points_to   The points-to type for the new type.
1418  * @param qualifiers  Type qualifiers for the new type.
1419  * @param variable    The based variable
1420  */
1421 type_t *make_based_pointer_type(type_t *points_to,
1422                                                                 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers, variable_t *variable)
1423 {
1424         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_POINTER);
1425         type->base.qualifiers       = qualifiers;
1426         type->pointer.points_to     = points_to;
1427         type->pointer.base_variable = variable;
1428
1429         return identify_new_type(type);
1430 }
1431
1432
1433 type_t *make_array_type(type_t *element_type, size_t size,
1434                         type_qualifiers_t qualifiers)
1435 {
1436         type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
1437         type->base.qualifiers     = qualifiers;
1438         type->array.element_type  = element_type;
1439         type->array.size          = size;
1440         type->array.size_constant = true;
1441
1442         return identify_new_type(type);
1443 }
1444
1445 static entity_t *pack_bitfield_members(il_size_t *struct_offset,
1446                                        il_alignment_t *struct_alignment,
1447                                                                            bool packed, entity_t *first)
1448 {
1449         il_size_t      offset     = *struct_offset;
1450         il_alignment_t alignment  = *struct_alignment;
1451         size_t         bit_offset = 0;
1452
1453         entity_t *member;
1454         for (member = first; member != NULL; member = member->base.next) {
1455                 if (member->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
1456                         continue;
1457                 if (!member->compound_member.bitfield)
1458                         break;
1459
1460                 type_t *const base_type = skip_typeref(member->declaration.type);
1461                 il_alignment_t base_alignment = get_type_alignment_compound(base_type);
1462                 il_alignment_t alignment_mask = base_alignment-1;
1463                 if (base_alignment > alignment)
1464                         alignment = base_alignment;
1465
1466                 size_t bit_size = member->compound_member.bit_size;
1467                 if (!packed) {
1468                         bit_offset += (offset & alignment_mask) * BITS_PER_BYTE;
1469                         offset     &= ~alignment_mask;
1470                         size_t base_size = get_type_size(base_type) * BITS_PER_BYTE;
1471
1472                         if (bit_offset + bit_size > base_size || bit_size == 0) {
1473                                 offset    += (bit_offset+BITS_PER_BYTE-1) / BITS_PER_BYTE;
1474                                 offset     = (offset + base_alignment-1) & ~alignment_mask;
1475                                 bit_offset = 0;
1476                         }
1477                 }
1478
1479                 if (byte_order_big_endian) {
1480                         size_t base_size = get_type_size(base_type) * BITS_PER_BYTE;
1481                         member->compound_member.offset     = offset & ~alignment_mask;
1482                         member->compound_member.bit_offset = base_size - bit_offset - bit_size;
1483                 } else {
1484                         member->compound_member.offset     = offset;
1485                         member->compound_member.bit_offset = bit_offset;
1486                 }
1487
1488                 bit_offset += bit_size;
1489                 offset     += bit_offset / BITS_PER_BYTE;
1490                 bit_offset %= BITS_PER_BYTE;
1491         }
1492
1493         if (bit_offset > 0)
1494                 offset += 1;
1495
1496         *struct_offset    = offset;
1497         *struct_alignment = alignment;
1498         return member;
1499 }
1500
1501 void layout_struct_type(compound_type_t *type)
1502 {
1503         assert(type->compound != NULL);
1504
1505         compound_t *compound = type->compound;
1506         if (!compound->complete)
1507                 return;
1508         if (type->compound->layouted)
1509                 return;
1510
1511         il_size_t      offset    = 0;
1512         il_alignment_t alignment = compound->alignment;
1513         bool           need_pad  = false;
1514
1515         entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
1516         while (entry != NULL) {
1517                 if (entry->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER) {
1518                         entry = entry->base.next;
1519                         continue;
1520                 }
1521
1522                 type_t *const m_type  = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
1523                 if (!is_type_valid(m_type)) {
1524                         entry = entry->base.next;
1525                         continue;
1526                 }
1527
1528                 if (entry->compound_member.bitfield) {
1529                         entry = pack_bitfield_members(&offset, &alignment,
1530                                                       compound->packed, entry);
1531                         continue;
1532                 }
1533
1534                 il_alignment_t m_alignment = get_type_alignment_compound(m_type);
1535                 if (m_alignment > alignment)
1536                         alignment = m_alignment;
1537
1538                 if (!compound->packed) {
1539                         il_size_t new_offset = (offset + m_alignment-1) & -m_alignment;
1540
1541                         if (new_offset > offset) {
1542                                 need_pad = true;
1543                                 offset   = new_offset;
1544                         }
1545                 }
1546
1547                 entry->compound_member.offset = offset;
1548                 offset += get_type_size(m_type);
1549
1550                 entry = entry->base.next;
1551         }
1552
1553         if (!compound->packed) {
1554                 il_size_t new_offset = (offset + alignment-1) & -alignment;
1555                 if (new_offset > offset) {
1556                         need_pad = true;
1557                         offset   = new_offset;
1558                 }
1559         }
1560
1561         source_position_t const *const pos = &compound->base.source_position;
1562         if (need_pad) {
1563                 warningf(WARN_PADDED, pos, "'%T' needs padding", type);
1564         } else if (compound->packed) {
1565                 warningf(WARN_PACKED, pos, "superfluous packed attribute on '%T'", type);
1566         }
1567
1568         compound->size      = offset;
1569         compound->alignment = alignment;
1570         compound->layouted  = true;
1571 }
1572
1573 void layout_union_type(compound_type_t *type)
1574 {
1575         assert(type->compound != NULL);
1576
1577         compound_t *compound = type->compound;
1578         if (! compound->complete)
1579                 return;
1580
1581         il_size_t      size      = 0;
1582         il_alignment_t alignment = compound->alignment;
1583
1584         entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
1585         for (; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
1586                 if (entry->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
1587                         continue;
1588
1589                 type_t *m_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
1590                 if (! is_type_valid(skip_typeref(m_type)))
1591                         continue;
1592
1593                 entry->compound_member.offset = 0;
1594                 il_size_t m_size = get_type_size(m_type);
1595                 if (m_size > size)
1596                         size = m_size;
1597                 il_alignment_t m_alignment = get_type_alignment_compound(m_type);
1598                 if (m_alignment > alignment)
1599                         alignment = m_alignment;
1600         }
1601         size = (size + alignment - 1) & -alignment;
1602
1603         compound->size      = size;
1604         compound->alignment = alignment;
1605 }
1606
1607 function_parameter_t *allocate_parameter(type_t *const type)
1608 {
1609         function_parameter_t *const param = obstack_alloc(&type_obst, sizeof(*param));
1610         memset(param, 0, sizeof(*param));
1611         param->type = type;
1612         return param;
1613 }
1614
1615 type_t *make_function_2_type(type_t *return_type, type_t *argument_type1,
1616                              type_t *argument_type2, decl_modifiers_t modifiers)
1617 {
1618         function_parameter_t *const parameter2 = allocate_parameter(argument_type2);
1619         function_parameter_t *const parameter1 = allocate_parameter(argument_type1);
1620         parameter1->next = parameter2;
1621
1622         type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
1623         type->function.return_type = return_type;
1624         type->function.parameters  = parameter1;
1625         type->function.modifiers  |= modifiers;
1626         type->function.linkage     = LINKAGE_C;
1627
1628         return identify_new_type(type);
1629 }
1630
1631 type_t *make_function_1_type(type_t *return_type, type_t *argument_type,
1632                              decl_modifiers_t modifiers)
1633 {
1634         function_parameter_t *const parameter = allocate_parameter(argument_type);
1635
1636         type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
1637         type->function.return_type = return_type;
1638         type->function.parameters  = parameter;
1639         type->function.modifiers  |= modifiers;
1640         type->function.linkage     = LINKAGE_C;
1641
1642         return identify_new_type(type);
1643 }
1644
1645 type_t *make_function_1_type_variadic(type_t *return_type,
1646                                       type_t *argument_type,
1647                                       decl_modifiers_t modifiers)
1648 {
1649         function_parameter_t *const parameter = allocate_parameter(argument_type);
1650
1651         type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
1652         type->function.return_type = return_type;
1653         type->function.parameters  = parameter;
1654         type->function.variadic    = true;
1655         type->function.modifiers  |= modifiers;
1656         type->function.linkage     = LINKAGE_C;
1657
1658         return identify_new_type(type);
1659 }
1660
1661 type_t *make_function_0_type(type_t *return_type, decl_modifiers_t modifiers)
1662 {
1663         type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
1664         type->function.return_type = return_type;
1665         type->function.parameters  = NULL;
1666         type->function.modifiers  |= modifiers;
1667         type->function.linkage     = LINKAGE_C;
1668
1669         return identify_new_type(type);
1670 }
1671
1672 type_t *make_function_type(type_t *return_type, int n_types,
1673                            type_t *const *argument_types,
1674                                                    decl_modifiers_t modifiers)
1675 {
1676         type_t *type               = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
1677         type->function.return_type = return_type;
1678         type->function.modifiers  |= modifiers;
1679         type->function.linkage     = LINKAGE_C;
1680
1681         function_parameter_t **anchor = &type->function.parameters;
1682         for (int i = 0; i < n_types; ++i) {
1683                 function_parameter_t *parameter = allocate_parameter(argument_types[i]);
1684                 *anchor = parameter;
1685                 anchor  = &parameter->next;
1686         }
1687
1688         return identify_new_type(type);
1689 }
1690
1691 /**
1692  * Debug helper. Prints the given type to stdout.
1693  */
1694 static __attribute__((unused))
1695 void dbg_type(const type_t *type)
1696 {
1697         print_to_file(stderr);
1698         print_type(type);
1699         print_string("\n");
1700         fflush(stderr);
1701 }