2 * This file is part of cparser.
3 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
8 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
27 #include "adt/strutil.h"
29 #include "diagnostic.h"
30 #include "format_check.h"
31 #include "preprocessor.h"
36 #include "type_hash.h"
39 #include "attribute_t.h"
40 #include "lang_features.h"
44 #include "adt/bitfiddle.h"
45 #include "adt/error.h"
46 #include "adt/array.h"
48 //#define PRINT_TOKENS
49 #define MAX_LOOKAHEAD 1
54 entity_namespace_t namespc;
57 typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t declaration_specifiers_t;
58 struct declaration_specifiers_t {
59 source_position_t source_position;
60 storage_class_t storage_class;
61 unsigned char alignment; /**< Alignment, 0 if not set. */
63 bool thread_local : 1;
64 attribute_t *attributes; /**< list of attributes */
69 * An environment for parsing initializers (and compound literals).
71 typedef struct parse_initializer_env_t {
72 type_t *type; /**< the type of the initializer. In case of an
73 array type with unspecified size this gets
74 adjusted to the actual size. */
75 entity_t *entity; /**< the variable that is initialized if any */
76 bool must_be_constant;
77 } parse_initializer_env_t;
79 typedef entity_t* (*parsed_declaration_func) (entity_t *declaration, bool is_definition);
81 /** The current token. */
83 /** The lookahead ring-buffer. */
84 static token_t lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
85 /** Position of the next token in the lookahead buffer. */
86 static size_t lookahead_bufpos;
87 static stack_entry_t *environment_stack = NULL;
88 static stack_entry_t *label_stack = NULL;
89 static scope_t *file_scope = NULL;
90 static scope_t *current_scope = NULL;
91 /** Point to the current function declaration if inside a function. */
92 static function_t *current_function = NULL;
93 static entity_t *current_entity = NULL;
94 static switch_statement_t *current_switch = NULL;
95 static statement_t *current_loop = NULL;
96 static statement_t *current_parent = NULL;
97 static ms_try_statement_t *current_try = NULL;
98 static linkage_kind_t current_linkage;
99 static goto_statement_t *goto_first = NULL;
100 static goto_statement_t **goto_anchor = NULL;
101 static label_statement_t *label_first = NULL;
102 static label_statement_t **label_anchor = NULL;
103 /** current translation unit. */
104 static translation_unit_t *unit = NULL;
105 /** true if we are in an __extension__ context. */
106 static bool in_gcc_extension = false;
107 static struct obstack temp_obst;
108 static entity_t *anonymous_entity;
109 static declaration_t **incomplete_arrays;
110 static elf_visibility_tag_t default_visibility = ELF_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT;
113 #define PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity) \
114 entity_t *const new_current_entity = (entity); \
115 entity_t *const old_current_entity = current_entity; \
116 ((void)(current_entity = new_current_entity))
117 #define POP_CURRENT_ENTITY() (assert(current_entity == new_current_entity), (void)(current_entity = old_current_entity))
119 #define PUSH_PARENT(stmt) \
120 statement_t *const new_parent = (stmt); \
121 statement_t *const old_parent = current_parent; \
122 ((void)(current_parent = new_parent))
123 #define POP_PARENT() (assert(current_parent == new_parent), (void)(current_parent = old_parent))
125 #define PUSH_SCOPE(scope) \
126 size_t const top = environment_top(); \
127 scope_t *const new_scope = (scope); \
128 scope_t *const old_scope = (new_scope ? scope_push(new_scope) : NULL)
129 #define PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(scope) PUSH_SCOPE(c_mode & (_C99 | _CXX) ? (scope) : NULL)
130 #define POP_SCOPE() (new_scope ? assert(current_scope == new_scope), scope_pop(old_scope), environment_pop_to(top) : (void)0)
132 #define PUSH_EXTENSION() \
134 bool const old_gcc_extension = in_gcc_extension; \
135 while (next_if(T___extension__)) { \
136 in_gcc_extension = true; \
139 #define POP_EXTENSION() \
140 ((void)(in_gcc_extension = old_gcc_extension))
142 /** The token anchor set */
143 static unsigned short token_anchor_set[T_LAST_TOKEN];
145 /** The current source position. */
146 #define HERE (&token.base.source_position)
148 /** true if we are in GCC mode. */
149 #define GNU_MODE ((c_mode & _GNUC) || in_gcc_extension)
151 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement);
152 static statement_t *parse_statement(void);
154 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t);
155 static expression_t *parse_expression(void);
156 static type_t *parse_typename(void);
157 static void parse_externals(void);
158 static void parse_external(void);
160 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound_declaration);
162 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
163 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos);
165 typedef enum declarator_flags_t {
167 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT = 1U << 0,
168 DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER = 1U << 1,
169 DECL_IS_PARAMETER = 1U << 2
170 } declarator_flags_t;
172 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
173 declarator_flags_t flags);
175 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression);
177 #define STORAGE_CLASSES \
178 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
181 #define STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
186 case T__Thread_local:
188 #define TYPE_QUALIFIERS \
193 case T__forceinline: \
194 case T___attribute__:
196 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS \
198 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
201 #define TYPE_SPECIFIERS \
203 case T___builtin_va_list: \
228 #define DECLARATION_START \
233 #define DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN \
234 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
238 #define EXPRESSION_START \
247 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: \
251 case T_STRING_LITERAL: \
253 case T___FUNCDNAME__: \
254 case T___FUNCSIG__: \
255 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: \
256 case T___builtin_classify_type: \
257 case T___builtin_constant_p: \
258 case T___builtin_isgreater: \
259 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: \
260 case T___builtin_isless: \
261 case T___builtin_islessequal: \
262 case T___builtin_islessgreater: \
263 case T___builtin_isunordered: \
264 case T___builtin_offsetof: \
265 case T___builtin_va_arg: \
266 case T___builtin_va_copy: \
267 case T___builtin_va_start: \
278 * Returns the size of a statement node.
280 * @param kind the statement kind
282 static size_t get_statement_struct_size(statement_kind_t kind)
284 static const size_t sizes[] = {
285 [STATEMENT_ERROR] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
286 [STATEMENT_EMPTY] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
287 [STATEMENT_COMPOUND] = sizeof(compound_statement_t),
288 [STATEMENT_RETURN] = sizeof(return_statement_t),
289 [STATEMENT_DECLARATION] = sizeof(declaration_statement_t),
290 [STATEMENT_IF] = sizeof(if_statement_t),
291 [STATEMENT_SWITCH] = sizeof(switch_statement_t),
292 [STATEMENT_EXPRESSION] = sizeof(expression_statement_t),
293 [STATEMENT_CONTINUE] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
294 [STATEMENT_BREAK] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
295 [STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO] = sizeof(computed_goto_statement_t),
296 [STATEMENT_GOTO] = sizeof(goto_statement_t),
297 [STATEMENT_LABEL] = sizeof(label_statement_t),
298 [STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL] = sizeof(case_label_statement_t),
299 [STATEMENT_DO_WHILE] = sizeof(do_while_statement_t),
300 [STATEMENT_FOR] = sizeof(for_statement_t),
301 [STATEMENT_ASM] = sizeof(asm_statement_t),
302 [STATEMENT_MS_TRY] = sizeof(ms_try_statement_t),
303 [STATEMENT_LEAVE] = sizeof(leave_statement_t)
305 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
306 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
311 * Returns the size of an expression node.
313 * @param kind the expression kind
315 static size_t get_expression_struct_size(expression_kind_t kind)
317 static const size_t sizes[] = {
318 [EXPR_ERROR] = sizeof(expression_base_t),
319 [EXPR_REFERENCE] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
320 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
321 [EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
322 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
323 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
324 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
325 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
326 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
327 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL] = sizeof(compound_literal_expression_t),
328 [EXPR_CALL] = sizeof(call_expression_t),
329 [EXPR_UNARY_FIRST] = sizeof(unary_expression_t),
330 [EXPR_BINARY_FIRST] = sizeof(binary_expression_t),
331 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL] = sizeof(conditional_expression_t),
332 [EXPR_SELECT] = sizeof(select_expression_t),
333 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS] = sizeof(array_access_expression_t),
334 [EXPR_SIZEOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
335 [EXPR_ALIGNOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
336 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE] = sizeof(classify_type_expression_t),
337 [EXPR_FUNCNAME] = sizeof(funcname_expression_t),
338 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P] = sizeof(builtin_constant_expression_t),
339 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = sizeof(builtin_types_compatible_expression_t),
340 [EXPR_OFFSETOF] = sizeof(offsetof_expression_t),
341 [EXPR_VA_START] = sizeof(va_start_expression_t),
342 [EXPR_VA_ARG] = sizeof(va_arg_expression_t),
343 [EXPR_VA_COPY] = sizeof(va_copy_expression_t),
344 [EXPR_STATEMENT] = sizeof(statement_expression_t),
345 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS] = sizeof(label_address_expression_t),
347 if (kind >= EXPR_UNARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_UNARY_LAST) {
348 return sizes[EXPR_UNARY_FIRST];
350 if (kind >= EXPR_BINARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_BINARY_LAST) {
351 return sizes[EXPR_BINARY_FIRST];
353 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
354 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
359 * Allocate a statement node of given kind and initialize all
360 * fields with zero. Sets its source position to the position
361 * of the current token.
363 static statement_t *allocate_statement_zero(statement_kind_t kind)
365 size_t size = get_statement_struct_size(kind);
366 statement_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
368 res->base.kind = kind;
369 res->base.parent = current_parent;
370 res->base.source_position = *HERE;
375 * Allocate an expression node of given kind and initialize all
378 * @param kind the kind of the expression to allocate
380 static expression_t *allocate_expression_zero(expression_kind_t kind)
382 size_t size = get_expression_struct_size(kind);
383 expression_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
385 res->base.kind = kind;
386 res->base.type = type_error_type;
387 res->base.source_position = *HERE;
392 * Creates a new invalid expression at the source position
393 * of the current token.
395 static expression_t *create_error_expression(void)
397 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ERROR);
398 expression->base.type = type_error_type;
403 * Creates a new invalid statement.
405 static statement_t *create_error_statement(void)
407 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ERROR);
411 * Allocate a new empty statement.
413 static statement_t *create_empty_statement(void)
415 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EMPTY);
419 * Returns the size of an initializer node.
421 * @param kind the initializer kind
423 static size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_kind_t kind)
425 static const size_t sizes[] = {
426 [INITIALIZER_VALUE] = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
427 [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
428 [INITIALIZER_LIST] = sizeof(initializer_list_t),
429 [INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR] = sizeof(initializer_designator_t)
431 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
432 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
437 * Allocate an initializer node of given kind and initialize all
440 static initializer_t *allocate_initializer_zero(initializer_kind_t kind)
442 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(kind));
449 * Returns the index of the top element of the environment stack.
451 static size_t environment_top(void)
453 return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
457 * Returns the index of the top element of the global label stack.
459 static size_t label_top(void)
461 return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
465 * Return the next token.
467 static inline void next_token(void)
469 token = lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos];
470 lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos] = pp_token;
471 next_preprocessing_token();
473 lookahead_bufpos = (lookahead_bufpos + 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
476 print_token(stderr, &token);
477 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
481 static inline void eat(token_kind_t const kind)
483 assert(token.kind == kind);
488 static inline bool next_if(token_kind_t const kind)
490 if (token.kind == kind) {
499 * Return the next token with a given lookahead.
501 static inline const token_t *look_ahead(size_t num)
503 assert(0 < num && num <= MAX_LOOKAHEAD);
504 size_t pos = (lookahead_bufpos + num - 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
505 return &lookahead_buffer[pos];
509 * Adds a token type to the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
511 static void add_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
513 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
514 ++token_anchor_set[token_kind];
518 * Remove a token type from the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
520 static void rem_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
522 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
523 assert(token_anchor_set[token_kind] != 0);
524 --token_anchor_set[token_kind];
528 * Eat tokens until a matching token type is found.
530 static void eat_until_matching_token(token_kind_t const type)
532 token_kind_t end_token;
534 case '(': end_token = ')'; break;
535 case '{': end_token = '}'; break;
536 case '[': end_token = ']'; break;
537 default: end_token = type; break;
540 unsigned parenthesis_count = 0;
541 unsigned brace_count = 0;
542 unsigned bracket_count = 0;
543 while (token.kind != end_token ||
544 parenthesis_count != 0 ||
546 bracket_count != 0) {
547 switch (token.kind) {
549 case '(': ++parenthesis_count; break;
550 case '{': ++brace_count; break;
551 case '[': ++bracket_count; break;
554 if (parenthesis_count > 0)
564 if (bracket_count > 0)
567 if (token.kind == end_token &&
568 parenthesis_count == 0 &&
582 * Eat input tokens until an anchor is found.
584 static void eat_until_anchor(void)
586 while (token_anchor_set[token.kind] == 0) {
587 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
588 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
594 * Eat a whole block from input tokens.
596 static void eat_block(void)
598 eat_until_matching_token('{');
603 * Report a parse error because an expected token was not found.
606 #if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
607 __attribute__((sentinel))
609 void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
611 if (message != NULL) {
612 errorf(HERE, "%s", message);
615 va_start(ap, message);
616 errorf(HERE, "got %K, expected %#k", &token, &ap, ", ");
621 * Report an incompatible type.
623 static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
624 const source_position_t *source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
626 errorf(source_position, "%s, incompatible types: '%T' - '%T'",
630 static bool skip_till(token_kind_t const expected, char const *const context)
632 if (UNLIKELY(token.kind != expected)) {
633 parse_error_expected(context, expected, NULL);
634 add_anchor_token(expected);
636 rem_anchor_token(expected);
637 if (token.kind != expected)
644 * Expect the current token is the expected token.
645 * If not, generate an error and skip until the next anchor.
647 static void expect(token_kind_t const expected)
649 if (skip_till(expected, NULL))
653 static symbol_t *expect_identifier(char const *const context, source_position_t *const pos)
655 if (!skip_till(T_IDENTIFIER, context))
657 symbol_t *const sym = token.base.symbol;
665 * Push a given scope on the scope stack and make it the
668 static scope_t *scope_push(scope_t *new_scope)
670 if (current_scope != NULL) {
671 new_scope->depth = current_scope->depth + 1;
674 scope_t *old_scope = current_scope;
675 current_scope = new_scope;
680 * Pop the current scope from the scope stack.
682 static void scope_pop(scope_t *old_scope)
684 current_scope = old_scope;
688 * Search an entity by its symbol in a given namespace.
690 static entity_t *get_entity(const symbol_t *const symbol,
691 namespace_tag_t namespc)
693 entity_t *entity = symbol->entity;
694 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.symbol_next) {
695 if ((namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
702 /* §6.2.3:1 24) There is only one name space for tags even though three are
704 static entity_t *get_tag(symbol_t const *const symbol,
705 entity_kind_tag_t const kind)
707 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_TAG);
708 if (entity != NULL && (entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind != kind) {
710 "'%Y' defined as wrong kind of tag (previous definition %P)",
711 symbol, &entity->base.source_position);
718 * pushs an entity on the environment stack and links the corresponding symbol
721 static void stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, entity_t *entity)
723 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
724 entity_namespace_t namespc = entity->base.namespc;
725 assert(namespc != 0);
727 /* replace/add entity into entity list of the symbol */
730 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
735 /* replace an entry? */
736 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc) {
737 entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
743 /* remember old declaration */
745 entry.symbol = symbol;
746 entry.old_entity = iter;
747 entry.namespc = namespc;
748 ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
752 * Push an entity on the environment stack.
754 static void environment_push(entity_t *entity)
756 assert(entity->base.source_position.input_name != NULL);
757 assert(entity->base.parent_scope != NULL);
758 stack_push(&environment_stack, entity);
762 * Push a declaration on the global label stack.
764 * @param declaration the declaration
766 static void label_push(entity_t *label)
768 /* we abuse the parameters scope as parent for the labels */
769 label->base.parent_scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
770 stack_push(&label_stack, label);
774 * pops symbols from the environment stack until @p new_top is the top element
776 static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
778 stack_entry_t *stack = *stack_ptr;
779 size_t top = ARR_LEN(stack);
782 assert(new_top <= top);
786 for (i = top; i > new_top; --i) {
787 stack_entry_t *entry = &stack[i - 1];
789 entity_t *old_entity = entry->old_entity;
790 symbol_t *symbol = entry->symbol;
791 entity_namespace_t namespc = entry->namespc;
793 /* replace with old_entity/remove */
796 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
798 assert(iter != NULL);
799 /* replace an entry? */
800 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc)
804 /* restore definition from outer scopes (if there was one) */
805 if (old_entity != NULL) {
806 old_entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
807 *anchor = old_entity;
809 /* remove entry from list */
810 *anchor = iter->base.symbol_next;
814 ARR_SHRINKLEN(*stack_ptr, new_top);
818 * Pop all entries from the environment stack until the new_top
821 * @param new_top the new stack top
823 static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
825 stack_pop_to(&environment_stack, new_top);
829 * Pop all entries from the global label stack until the new_top
832 * @param new_top the new stack top
834 static void label_pop_to(size_t new_top)
836 stack_pop_to(&label_stack, new_top);
839 static atomic_type_kind_t get_akind(const type_t *type)
841 assert(type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || type->kind == TYPE_COMPLEX
842 || type->kind == TYPE_IMAGINARY || type->kind == TYPE_ENUM);
843 return type->atomic.akind;
847 * §6.3.1.1:2 Do integer promotion for a given type.
849 * @param type the type to promote
850 * @return the promoted type
852 static type_t *promote_integer(type_t *type)
854 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) < get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT))
861 * Check if a given expression represents a null pointer constant.
863 * @param expression the expression to check
865 static bool is_null_pointer_constant(const expression_t *expression)
867 /* skip void* cast */
868 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
869 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
870 if (types_compatible(type, type_void_ptr))
871 expression = expression->unary.value;
874 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
875 if (!is_type_integer(type))
877 switch (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
878 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return true;
879 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return !fold_constant_to_bool(expression);
880 default: return false;
885 * Create an implicit cast expression.
887 * @param expression the expression to cast
888 * @param dest_type the destination type
890 static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
893 type_t *const source_type = expression->base.type;
895 if (source_type == dest_type)
898 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
899 cast->unary.value = expression;
900 cast->base.type = dest_type;
901 cast->base.implicit = true;
906 typedef enum assign_error_t {
908 ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE,
909 ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING,
910 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE,
911 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT,
912 ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER
915 static void report_assign_error(assign_error_t error, type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t const *const right, char const *const context, source_position_t const *const pos)
917 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
918 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
919 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
924 case ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE:
925 errorf(pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right);
928 case ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING: {
929 type_t *points_to_left = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
930 type_t *points_to_right = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
932 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
933 unsigned missing_qualifiers = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
934 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s from type '%T' lacks qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right, missing_qualifiers);
938 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE:
939 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with '%E' of type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, right, orig_type_right);
942 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT:
943 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes pointer '%T' from integer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
946 case ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER:
947 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes integer '%T' from pointer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
951 panic("invalid error value");
955 /** Implements the rules from §6.5.16.1 */
956 static assign_error_t semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left,
957 const expression_t *const right)
959 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
960 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
961 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
963 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
964 if (is_null_pointer_constant(right)) {
965 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
966 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
967 type_t *points_to_left
968 = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
969 type_t *points_to_right
970 = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
971 assign_error_t res = ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
973 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
974 unsigned missing_qualifiers
975 = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
976 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
977 res = ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING;
980 points_to_left = get_unqualified_type(points_to_left);
981 points_to_right = get_unqualified_type(points_to_right);
983 if (is_type_void(points_to_left))
986 if (is_type_void(points_to_right)) {
987 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:6 */
988 return c_mode & _CXX ? ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE : res;
991 if (!types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
992 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE;
996 } else if (is_type_integer(type_right)) {
997 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT;
999 } else if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
1000 (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
1001 && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
1002 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1003 } else if (is_type_compound(type_left) && is_type_compound(type_right)) {
1004 type_t *const unqual_type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
1005 type_t *const unqual_type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
1006 if (types_compatible(unqual_type_left, unqual_type_right)) {
1007 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1009 } else if (is_type_integer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
1010 return ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER;
1013 if (!is_type_valid(type_left) || !is_type_valid(type_right))
1014 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1016 return ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
1019 static expression_t *parse_constant_expression(void)
1021 expression_t *result = parse_subexpression(PREC_CONDITIONAL);
1023 if (is_constant_expression(result) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
1024 errorf(&result->base.source_position,
1025 "expression '%E' is not constant", result);
1031 static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
1033 return parse_subexpression(PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
1036 static void append_string(string_t const *const s)
1038 /* FIXME Using the ast_obstack is a hack. Using the symbol_obstack is not
1039 * possible, because other tokens are grown there alongside. */
1040 obstack_grow(&ast_obstack, s->begin, s->size);
1043 static string_t finish_string(string_encoding_t const enc)
1045 obstack_1grow(&ast_obstack, '\0');
1046 size_t const size = obstack_object_size(&ast_obstack) - 1;
1047 char const *const string = obstack_finish(&ast_obstack);
1048 return (string_t){ string, size, enc };
1051 static string_t concat_string_literals(void)
1053 assert(token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1056 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
1057 append_string(&token.literal.string);
1058 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1059 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
1060 string_encoding_t enc = token.literal.string.encoding;
1062 if (token.literal.string.encoding != STRING_ENCODING_CHAR) {
1063 enc = token.literal.string.encoding;
1065 append_string(&token.literal.string);
1066 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1067 } while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1068 result = finish_string(enc);
1070 result = token.literal.string;
1071 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1077 static string_t parse_string_literals(char const *const context)
1079 if (!skip_till(T_STRING_LITERAL, context))
1080 return (string_t){ "", 0, STRING_ENCODING_CHAR };
1082 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
1083 string_t const res = concat_string_literals();
1085 if (res.encoding != STRING_ENCODING_CHAR) {
1086 errorf(&pos, "expected plain string literal, got wide string literal");
1092 static attribute_t *allocate_attribute_zero(attribute_kind_t kind)
1094 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*attribute));
1095 attribute->kind = kind;
1096 attribute->source_position = *HERE;
1101 * Parse (gcc) attribute argument. From gcc comments in gcc source:
1104 * __attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
1108 * attribute_list , attrib
1113 * any-word ( identifier )
1114 * any-word ( identifier , nonempty-expr-list )
1115 * any-word ( expr-list )
1117 * where the "identifier" must not be declared as a type, and
1118 * "any-word" may be any identifier (including one declared as a
1119 * type), a reserved word storage class specifier, type specifier or
1120 * type qualifier. ??? This still leaves out most reserved keywords
1121 * (following the old parser), shouldn't we include them, and why not
1122 * allow identifiers declared as types to start the arguments?
1124 * Matze: this all looks confusing and little systematic, so we're even less
1125 * strict and parse any list of things which are identifiers or
1126 * (assignment-)expressions.
1128 static attribute_argument_t *parse_attribute_arguments(void)
1130 attribute_argument_t *first = NULL;
1131 attribute_argument_t **anchor = &first;
1132 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1133 attribute_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
1135 /* is it an identifier */
1136 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER
1137 && (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
1138 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_SYMBOL;
1139 argument->v.symbol = token.base.symbol;
1142 /* must be an expression */
1143 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1145 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_EXPRESSION;
1146 argument->v.expression = expression;
1149 /* append argument */
1151 anchor = &argument->next;
1152 } while (next_if(','));
1157 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_asm(void)
1159 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_GNU_ASM);
1162 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1166 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu_single(void)
1168 /* parse "any-word" */
1169 symbol_t *const symbol = token.base.symbol;
1170 if (symbol == NULL) {
1171 parse_error_expected("while parsing attribute((", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
1175 attribute_kind_t kind;
1176 char const *const name = symbol->string;
1177 for (kind = ATTRIBUTE_GNU_FIRST;; ++kind) {
1178 if (kind > ATTRIBUTE_GNU_LAST) {
1179 /* special case for "__const" */
1180 if (token.kind == T_const) {
1181 kind = ATTRIBUTE_GNU_CONST;
1185 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown attribute '%s' ignored", name);
1186 /* TODO: we should still save the attribute in the list... */
1187 kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
1191 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(kind);
1192 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq_underscore(attribute_name, name))
1196 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
1199 /* parse arguments */
1201 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1206 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu(void)
1208 attribute_t *first = NULL;
1209 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1211 eat(T___attribute__);
1212 add_anchor_token(')');
1213 add_anchor_token(',');
1217 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1218 attribute_t *attribute = parse_attribute_gnu_single();
1220 *anchor = attribute;
1221 anchor = &attribute->next;
1223 } while (next_if(','));
1224 rem_anchor_token(',');
1225 rem_anchor_token(')');
1232 /** Parse attributes. */
1233 static attribute_t *parse_attributes(attribute_t *first)
1235 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1237 while (*anchor != NULL)
1238 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
1240 attribute_t *attribute;
1241 switch (token.kind) {
1242 case T___attribute__:
1243 attribute = parse_attribute_gnu();
1244 if (attribute == NULL)
1249 attribute = parse_attribute_asm();
1253 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_CDECL);
1258 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FASTCALL);
1262 case T__forceinline:
1263 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FORCEINLINE);
1264 eat(T__forceinline);
1268 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_STDCALL);
1273 /* TODO record modifier */
1274 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "Ignoring declaration modifier %K", &token);
1275 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_THISCALL);
1283 *anchor = attribute;
1284 anchor = &attribute->next;
1288 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *expr, entity_t *lhs_ent);
1290 static entity_t *determine_lhs_ent(expression_t *const expr,
1293 switch (expr->kind) {
1294 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1295 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1296 /* we should only find variables as lvalues... */
1297 if (entity->base.kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1298 && entity->base.kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1304 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1305 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1306 entity_t * ent = NULL;
1307 if (is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1308 ent = determine_lhs_ent(ref, lhs_ent);
1311 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1313 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1318 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1319 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1320 return determine_lhs_ent(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1324 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1325 expression_t *const val = expr->unary.value;
1326 if (val->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
1328 return determine_lhs_ent(val->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1330 mark_vars_read(val, NULL);
1336 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
1341 #define ENT_ANY ((entity_t*)-1)
1344 * Mark declarations, which are read. This is used to detect variables, which
1348 * x is not marked as "read", because it is only read to calculate its own new
1352 * x and y are not detected as "not read", because multiple variables are
1355 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *const expr, entity_t *lhs_ent)
1357 switch (expr->kind) {
1358 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1359 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1360 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1361 && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1364 if (lhs_ent != entity && lhs_ent != ENT_ANY) {
1365 entity->variable.read = true;
1371 // TODO respect pure/const
1372 mark_vars_read(expr->call.function, NULL);
1373 for (call_argument_t *arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
1374 mark_vars_read(arg->expression, NULL);
1378 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
1379 // TODO lhs_decl should depend on whether true/false have an effect
1380 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.condition, NULL);
1381 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL)
1382 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.true_expression, lhs_ent);
1383 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.false_expression, lhs_ent);
1387 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY
1388 && !is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1390 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1393 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1394 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1395 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1396 if (!is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1397 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1400 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1405 mark_vars_read(expr->va_arge.ap, lhs_ent);
1409 mark_vars_read(expr->va_copye.src, lhs_ent);
1412 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1413 /* Special case: Use void cast to mark a variable as "read" */
1414 if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1419 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1420 if (expr->unary.value == NULL)
1423 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1424 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1425 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1426 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1430 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1431 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1432 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1433 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1434 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1435 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1436 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1437 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1438 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1439 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
1441 mark_vars_read(expr->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1444 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1445 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1446 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1447 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1448 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1449 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1450 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1451 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1452 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1453 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1454 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1455 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1456 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1457 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1458 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1459 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1460 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1461 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1462 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1463 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1464 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1465 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1466 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1467 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1468 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1469 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1470 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1473 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1474 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1475 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1476 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1477 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1478 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1479 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1480 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1481 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1482 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1483 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: {
1484 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1486 lhs_ent = determine_lhs_ent(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1487 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1492 determine_lhs_ent(expr->va_starte.ap, lhs_ent);
1495 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1496 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1498 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1499 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO init?
1501 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1504 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1505 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1507 case EXPR_STATEMENT: // TODO
1508 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1509 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1513 panic("unhandled expression");
1516 static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
1518 designator_t *result = NULL;
1519 designator_t **anchor = &result;
1522 designator_t *designator;
1523 switch (token.kind) {
1525 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1526 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1528 add_anchor_token(']');
1529 designator->array_index = parse_constant_expression();
1530 rem_anchor_token(']');
1534 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1535 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1537 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing designator", NULL);
1538 if (!designator->symbol)
1546 assert(designator != NULL);
1547 *anchor = designator;
1548 anchor = &designator->next;
1553 * Build an initializer from a given expression.
1555 static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *orig_type,
1556 expression_t *expression)
1558 /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
1560 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1562 /* §6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
1563 if (expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL && is_type_array(type)) {
1564 array_type_t *const array_type = &type->array;
1565 type_t *const element_type = skip_typeref(array_type->element_type);
1566 switch (expression->string_literal.value.encoding) {
1567 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR: {
1568 if (is_type_atomic(element_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR) ||
1569 is_type_atomic(element_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR) ||
1570 is_type_atomic(element_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR)) {
1571 goto make_string_init;
1576 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE: {
1577 type_t *bare_wchar_type = skip_typeref(type_wchar_t);
1578 if (get_unqualified_type(element_type) == bare_wchar_type) {
1580 initializer_t *const init = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_STRING);
1581 init->value.value = expression;
1589 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type, expression);
1590 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE)
1592 report_assign_error(error, type, expression, "initializer",
1593 &expression->base.source_position);
1595 initializer_t *const result = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
1596 result->value.value = create_implicit_cast(expression, type);
1602 * Parses an scalar initializer.
1604 * §6.7.8.11; eat {} without warning
1606 static initializer_t *parse_scalar_initializer(type_t *type,
1607 bool must_be_constant)
1609 /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
1611 if (token.kind == '{') {
1612 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "extra curly braces around scalar initializer");
1616 } while (token.kind == '{');
1619 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1620 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
1621 if (must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
1622 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1623 "initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
1627 initializer_t *initializer = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
1629 if (initializer == NULL) {
1630 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1631 "expression '%E' (type '%T') doesn't match expected type '%T'",
1632 expression, expression->base.type, type);
1637 bool additional_warning_displayed = false;
1638 while (braces > 0) {
1640 if (token.kind != '}') {
1641 if (!additional_warning_displayed) {
1642 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "additional elements in scalar initializer");
1643 additional_warning_displayed = true;
1654 * An entry in the type path.
1656 typedef struct type_path_entry_t type_path_entry_t;
1657 struct type_path_entry_t {
1658 type_t *type; /**< the upper top type. restored to path->top_tye if this entry is popped. */
1660 size_t index; /**< For array types: the current index. */
1661 declaration_t *compound_entry; /**< For compound types: the current declaration. */
1666 * A type path expression a position inside compound or array types.
1668 typedef struct type_path_t type_path_t;
1669 struct type_path_t {
1670 type_path_entry_t *path; /**< An flexible array containing the current path. */
1671 type_t *top_type; /**< type of the element the path points */
1672 size_t max_index; /**< largest index in outermost array */
1676 * Prints a type path for debugging.
1678 static __attribute__((unused)) void debug_print_type_path(
1679 const type_path_t *path)
1681 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1683 for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
1684 const type_path_entry_t *entry = & path->path[i];
1686 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
1687 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
1688 /* in gcc mode structs can have no members */
1689 if (entry->v.compound_entry == NULL) {
1693 fprintf(stderr, ".%s",
1694 entry->v.compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
1695 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1696 fprintf(stderr, "[%u]", (unsigned) entry->v.index);
1698 fprintf(stderr, "-INVALID-");
1701 if (path->top_type != NULL) {
1702 fprintf(stderr, " (");
1703 print_type(path->top_type);
1704 fprintf(stderr, ")");
1709 * Return the top type path entry, ie. in a path
1710 * (type).a.b returns the b.
1712 static type_path_entry_t *get_type_path_top(const type_path_t *path)
1714 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1716 return &path->path[len-1];
1720 * Enlarge the type path by an (empty) element.
1722 static type_path_entry_t *append_to_type_path(type_path_t *path)
1724 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1725 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len+1);
1727 type_path_entry_t *result = & path->path[len];
1728 memset(result, 0, sizeof(result[0]));
1733 * Descending into a sub-type. Enter the scope of the current top_type.
1735 static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1737 type_t *orig_top_type = path->top_type;
1738 type_t *top_type = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);
1740 type_path_entry_t *top = append_to_type_path(path);
1741 top->type = top_type;
1743 if (is_type_compound(top_type)) {
1744 compound_t *const compound = top_type->compound.compound;
1745 entity_t *const entry = skip_unnamed_bitfields(compound->members.entities);
1747 if (entry != NULL) {
1748 top->v.compound_entry = &entry->declaration;
1749 path->top_type = entry->declaration.type;
1751 path->top_type = NULL;
1753 } else if (is_type_array(top_type)) {
1755 path->top_type = top_type->array.element_type;
1757 assert(!is_type_valid(top_type));
1762 * Pop an entry from the given type path, ie. returning from
1763 * (type).a.b to (type).a
1765 static void ascend_from_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1767 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1769 path->top_type = top->type;
1771 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1772 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len-1);
1776 * Pop entries from the given type path until the given
1777 * path level is reached.
1779 static void ascend_to(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1781 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1783 while (len > top_path_level) {
1784 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1785 len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1789 static bool walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator,
1790 bool used_in_offsetof)
1792 for (; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
1793 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1794 type_t *orig_type = top->type;
1796 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1798 if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
1799 symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;
1800 if (!is_type_compound(type)) {
1801 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1802 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1803 "'.%Y' designator used for non-compound type '%T'",
1807 top->type = type_error_type;
1808 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1809 orig_type = type_error_type;
1811 compound_t *compound = type->compound.compound;
1812 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
1813 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
1814 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
1819 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1820 "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
1823 assert(iter->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
1824 if (used_in_offsetof && iter->compound_member.bitfield) {
1825 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1826 "offsetof designator '%Y' must not specify bitfield",
1831 top->type = orig_type;
1832 top->v.compound_entry = &iter->declaration;
1833 orig_type = iter->declaration.type;
1836 expression_t *array_index = designator->array_index;
1837 if (is_constant_expression(array_index) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1840 if (!is_type_array(type)) {
1841 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1842 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1843 "[%E] designator used for non-array type '%T'",
1844 array_index, orig_type);
1849 long index = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
1850 if (!used_in_offsetof) {
1852 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1853 "array index [%E] must be positive", array_index);
1854 } else if (type->array.size_constant) {
1855 long array_size = type->array.size;
1856 if (index >= array_size) {
1857 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1858 "designator [%E] (%d) exceeds array size %d",
1859 array_index, index, array_size);
1864 top->type = orig_type;
1865 top->v.index = (size_t) index;
1866 orig_type = type->array.element_type;
1868 path->top_type = orig_type;
1870 if (designator->next != NULL) {
1871 descend_into_subtype(path);
1877 static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1879 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1881 type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
1882 if (is_type_union(type)) {
1883 /* in unions only the first element is initialized */
1884 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1885 } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
1886 declaration_t *entry = top->v.compound_entry;
1888 entity_t *const next_entity = skip_unnamed_bitfields(entry->base.next);
1889 if (next_entity != NULL) {
1890 assert(is_declaration(next_entity));
1891 entry = &next_entity->declaration;
1896 top->v.compound_entry = entry;
1897 if (entry != NULL) {
1898 path->top_type = entry->type;
1901 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1902 assert(is_type_array(type));
1906 if (!type->array.size_constant || top->v.index < type->array.size) {
1910 assert(!is_type_valid(type));
1914 /* we're past the last member of the current sub-aggregate, try if we
1915 * can ascend in the type hierarchy and continue with another subobject */
1916 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1918 if (len > top_path_level) {
1919 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1920 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
1922 path->top_type = NULL;
1927 * skip any {...} blocks until a closing bracket is reached.
1929 static void skip_initializers(void)
1933 while (token.kind != '}') {
1934 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
1936 if (token.kind == '{') {
1944 static initializer_t *create_empty_initializer(void)
1946 static initializer_t empty_initializer
1947 = { .list = { { INITIALIZER_LIST }, 0 } };
1948 return &empty_initializer;
1952 * Parse a part of an initialiser for a struct or union,
1954 static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_path_t *path,
1955 type_t *outer_type, size_t top_path_level,
1956 parse_initializer_env_t *env)
1958 if (token.kind == '}') {
1959 /* empty initializer */
1960 return create_empty_initializer();
1963 initializer_t *result = NULL;
1965 type_t *orig_type = path->top_type;
1966 type_t *type = NULL;
1968 if (orig_type == NULL) {
1969 /* We are initializing an empty compound. */
1971 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1974 initializer_t **initializers = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
1977 designator_t *designator = NULL;
1978 if (token.kind == '.' || token.kind == '[') {
1979 designator = parse_designation();
1980 goto finish_designator;
1981 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER && look_ahead(1)->kind == ':') {
1982 /* GNU-style designator ("identifier: value") */
1983 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1984 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1985 designator->symbol = token.base.symbol;
1990 /* reset path to toplevel, evaluate designator from there */
1991 ascend_to(path, top_path_level);
1992 if (!walk_designator(path, designator, false)) {
1993 /* can't continue after designation error */
1997 initializer_t *designator_initializer
1998 = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR);
1999 designator_initializer->designator.designator = designator;
2000 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, designator_initializer);
2002 orig_type = path->top_type;
2003 type = orig_type != NULL ? skip_typeref(orig_type) : NULL;
2008 if (token.kind == '{') {
2009 if (type != NULL && is_type_scalar(type)) {
2010 sub = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2013 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2014 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2016 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer");
2021 descend_into_subtype(path);
2024 add_anchor_token('}');
2025 sub = parse_sub_initializer(path, orig_type, top_path_level+1,
2027 rem_anchor_token('}');
2032 goto error_parse_next;
2034 ascend_from_subtype(path);
2037 /* must be an expression */
2038 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
2039 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
2041 if (env->must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
2042 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2043 "Initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
2048 /* we are already outside, ... */
2049 if (outer_type == NULL)
2050 goto error_parse_next;
2051 type_t *const outer_type_skip = skip_typeref(outer_type);
2052 if (is_type_compound(outer_type_skip) &&
2053 !outer_type_skip->compound.compound->complete) {
2054 goto error_parse_next;
2057 source_position_t const* const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
2058 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2059 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2061 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer");
2063 goto error_parse_next;
2066 /* handle { "string" } special case */
2067 if (expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL && outer_type != NULL) {
2068 result = initializer_from_expression(outer_type, expression);
2069 if (result != NULL) {
2071 if (token.kind != '}') {
2072 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "excessive elements in initializer for type '%T'", outer_type);
2074 /* TODO: eat , ... */
2079 /* descend into subtypes until expression matches type */
2081 orig_type = path->top_type;
2082 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2084 sub = initializer_from_expression(orig_type, expression);
2088 if (!is_type_valid(type)) {
2091 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2092 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2093 "expression '%E' doesn't match expected type '%T'",
2094 expression, orig_type);
2098 descend_into_subtype(path);
2102 /* update largest index of top array */
2103 const type_path_entry_t *first = &path->path[0];
2104 type_t *first_type = first->type;
2105 first_type = skip_typeref(first_type);
2106 if (is_type_array(first_type)) {
2107 size_t index = first->v.index;
2108 if (index > path->max_index)
2109 path->max_index = index;
2112 /* append to initializers list */
2113 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, sub);
2118 if (token.kind == '}') {
2123 /* advance to the next declaration if we are not at the end */
2124 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
2125 orig_type = path->top_type;
2126 if (orig_type != NULL)
2127 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2133 size_t len = ARR_LEN(initializers);
2134 size_t size = sizeof(initializer_list_t) + len * sizeof(initializers[0]);
2135 result = allocate_ast_zero(size);
2136 result->kind = INITIALIZER_LIST;
2137 result->list.len = len;
2138 memcpy(&result->list.initializers, initializers,
2139 len * sizeof(initializers[0]));
2143 skip_initializers();
2145 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2146 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2150 static expression_t *make_size_literal(size_t value)
2152 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER);
2153 literal->base.type = type_size_t;
2156 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", (unsigned) value);
2157 literal->literal.value = make_string(buf);
2163 * Parses an initializer. Parsers either a compound literal
2164 * (env->declaration == NULL) or an initializer of a declaration.
2166 static initializer_t *parse_initializer(parse_initializer_env_t *env)
2168 type_t *type = skip_typeref(env->type);
2169 size_t max_index = 0;
2170 initializer_t *result;
2172 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2173 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2174 } else if (token.kind == '{') {
2178 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
2179 path.top_type = env->type;
2180 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
2182 descend_into_subtype(&path);
2184 add_anchor_token('}');
2185 result = parse_sub_initializer(&path, env->type, 1, env);
2186 rem_anchor_token('}');
2188 max_index = path.max_index;
2189 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
2193 /* parse_scalar_initializer() also works in this case: we simply
2194 * have an expression without {} around it */
2195 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2198 /* §6.7.8:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size determine
2199 * the array type size */
2200 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.size_expression == NULL
2201 && result != NULL) {
2203 switch (result->kind) {
2204 case INITIALIZER_LIST:
2205 assert(max_index != 0xdeadbeaf);
2206 size = max_index + 1;
2209 case INITIALIZER_STRING: {
2210 size = get_string_len(&get_init_string(result)->value) + 1;
2214 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
2215 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
2216 /* can happen for parse errors */
2221 internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid initializer type");
2224 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
2226 new_type->array.size_expression = make_size_literal(size);
2227 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
2228 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
2229 new_type->array.size = size;
2230 env->type = new_type;
2236 static void append_entity(scope_t *scope, entity_t *entity)
2238 if (scope->last_entity != NULL) {
2239 scope->last_entity->base.next = entity;
2241 scope->entities = entity;
2243 entity->base.parent_entity = current_entity;
2244 scope->last_entity = entity;
2248 static compound_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
2250 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2251 eat(is_struct ? T_struct : T_union);
2253 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
2254 entity_t *entity = NULL;
2255 attribute_t *attributes = NULL;
2257 if (token.kind == T___attribute__) {
2258 attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
2261 entity_kind_tag_t const kind = is_struct ? ENTITY_STRUCT : ENTITY_UNION;
2262 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2263 /* the compound has a name, check if we have seen it already */
2264 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2265 entity = get_tag(symbol, kind);
2268 if (entity != NULL) {
2269 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2270 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2271 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2272 * existing definition in outer scope */
2274 } else if (entity->compound.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2275 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2276 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2277 /* clear members in the hope to avoid further errors */
2278 entity->compound.members.entities = NULL;
2281 } else if (token.kind != '{') {
2282 char const *const msg =
2283 is_struct ? "while parsing struct type specifier" :
2284 "while parsing union type specifier";
2285 parse_error_expected(msg, T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2290 if (entity == NULL) {
2291 entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2292 entity->compound.alignment = 1;
2293 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2294 if (symbol != NULL) {
2295 environment_push(entity);
2297 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2300 if (token.kind == '{') {
2301 parse_compound_type_entries(&entity->compound);
2303 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2304 if (symbol == NULL) {
2305 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2306 anonymous_entity = entity;
2310 if (attributes != NULL) {
2311 entity->compound.attributes = attributes;
2312 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
2315 return &entity->compound;
2318 static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *const enum_type)
2322 if (token.kind == '}') {
2323 errorf(HERE, "empty enum not allowed");
2328 add_anchor_token('}');
2329 add_anchor_token(',');
2331 add_anchor_token('=');
2332 source_position_t pos;
2333 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing enum entry", &pos);
2334 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, &pos);
2335 entity->enum_value.enum_type = enum_type;
2336 rem_anchor_token('=');
2339 expression_t *value = parse_constant_expression();
2341 value = create_implicit_cast(value, enum_type);
2342 entity->enum_value.value = value;
2347 record_entity(entity, false);
2348 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind != '}');
2349 rem_anchor_token(',');
2350 rem_anchor_token('}');
2355 static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
2357 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2362 switch (token.kind) {
2364 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2365 entity = get_tag(symbol, ENTITY_ENUM);
2368 if (entity != NULL) {
2369 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2370 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2371 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2372 * existing definition in outer scope */
2374 } else if (entity->enume.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2375 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2376 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2387 parse_error_expected("while parsing enum type specifier",
2388 T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2392 if (entity == NULL) {
2393 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2394 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2397 type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ENUM);
2398 type->enumt.enume = &entity->enume;
2399 type->enumt.base.akind = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2401 if (token.kind == '{') {
2402 if (symbol != NULL) {
2403 environment_push(entity);
2405 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2406 entity->enume.complete = true;
2408 parse_enum_entries(type);
2409 parse_attributes(NULL);
2411 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2412 if (symbol == NULL) {
2413 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2414 anonymous_entity = entity;
2416 } else if (!entity->enume.complete && !(c_mode & _GNUC)) {
2417 errorf(HERE, "'%T' used before definition (incomplete enums are a GNU extension)", type);
2424 * if a symbol is a typedef to another type, return true
2426 static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
2428 const entity_t *const entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2429 return entity != NULL && entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF;
2432 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
2438 add_anchor_token(')');
2441 expression_t *expression = NULL;
2443 switch (token.kind) {
2445 if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
2447 type = parse_typename();
2450 expression = parse_expression();
2451 type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
2456 rem_anchor_token(')');
2459 type_t *typeof_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEOF);
2460 typeof_type->typeoft.expression = expression;
2461 typeof_type->typeoft.typeof_type = type;
2466 typedef enum specifiers_t {
2468 SPECIFIER_SIGNED = 1 << 0,
2469 SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED = 1 << 1,
2470 SPECIFIER_LONG = 1 << 2,
2471 SPECIFIER_INT = 1 << 3,
2472 SPECIFIER_DOUBLE = 1 << 4,
2473 SPECIFIER_CHAR = 1 << 5,
2474 SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T = 1 << 6,
2475 SPECIFIER_SHORT = 1 << 7,
2476 SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG = 1 << 8,
2477 SPECIFIER_FLOAT = 1 << 9,
2478 SPECIFIER_BOOL = 1 << 10,
2479 SPECIFIER_VOID = 1 << 11,
2480 SPECIFIER_INT8 = 1 << 12,
2481 SPECIFIER_INT16 = 1 << 13,
2482 SPECIFIER_INT32 = 1 << 14,
2483 SPECIFIER_INT64 = 1 << 15,
2484 SPECIFIER_INT128 = 1 << 16,
2485 SPECIFIER_COMPLEX = 1 << 17,
2486 SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 18,
2489 static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
2491 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2492 if (entity == NULL || entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
2495 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2496 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2501 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute_t *attribute)
2503 attribute_property_argument_t *const property = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*property));
2505 add_anchor_token(')');
2506 add_anchor_token(',');
2510 add_anchor_token('=');
2511 source_position_t pos;
2512 symbol_t *const prop_sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", &pos);
2513 rem_anchor_token('=');
2515 symbol_t **prop = NULL;
2517 if (streq(prop_sym->string, "put")) {
2518 prop = &property->put_symbol;
2519 } else if (streq(prop_sym->string, "get")) {
2520 prop = &property->get_symbol;
2522 errorf(&pos, "expected put or get in property declspec, but got '%Y'", prop_sym);
2526 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2528 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2530 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", NULL);
2532 *prop = sym ? sym : sym_anonymous;
2533 } while (next_if(','));
2534 rem_anchor_token(',');
2535 rem_anchor_token(')');
2537 attribute->a.property = property;
2543 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single(void)
2545 attribute_kind_t kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
2546 if (next_if(T_restrict)) {
2547 kind = ATTRIBUTE_MS_RESTRICT;
2548 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2549 char const *const name = token.base.symbol->string;
2550 for (attribute_kind_t k = ATTRIBUTE_MS_FIRST; k <= ATTRIBUTE_MS_LAST;
2552 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(k);
2553 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq(attribute_name, name)) {
2559 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN) {
2560 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown __declspec '%s' ignored", name);
2563 parse_error_expected("while parsing __declspec", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
2567 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
2570 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_MS_PROPERTY) {
2571 return parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute);
2574 /* parse arguments */
2576 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
2581 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(attribute_t *first)
2585 add_anchor_token(')');
2587 if (token.kind != ')') {
2588 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
2590 while (*anchor != NULL)
2591 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
2593 attribute_t *attribute
2594 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single();
2595 if (attribute == NULL)
2598 *anchor = attribute;
2599 anchor = &attribute->next;
2600 } while (next_if(','));
2602 rem_anchor_token(')');
2607 static entity_t *create_error_entity(symbol_t *symbol, entity_kind_tag_t kind)
2609 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
2610 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
2611 entity->declaration.type = type_error_type;
2612 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
2613 } else if (kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
2614 entity->typedefe.type = type_error_type;
2615 entity->typedefe.builtin = true;
2617 if (kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
2618 record_entity(entity, false);
2622 static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
2624 type_t *type = NULL;
2625 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
2626 unsigned type_specifiers = 0;
2627 bool newtype = false;
2628 bool saw_error = false;
2630 memset(specifiers, 0, sizeof(*specifiers));
2631 specifiers->source_position = *HERE;
2634 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2636 switch (token.kind) {
2638 #define MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(token, class) \
2640 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) { \
2641 errorf(HERE, "multiple storage classes in declaration specifiers"); \
2643 specifiers->storage_class = class; \
2644 if (specifiers->thread_local) \
2645 goto check_thread_storage_class; \
2649 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_typedef, STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
2650 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_extern, STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN)
2651 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_static, STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
2652 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_auto, STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO)
2653 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_register, STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
2656 specifiers->attributes
2657 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(specifiers->attributes);
2660 case T__Thread_local:
2661 if (specifiers->thread_local) {
2662 errorf(HERE, "duplicate %K", &token);
2664 specifiers->thread_local = true;
2665 check_thread_storage_class:
2666 switch (specifiers->storage_class) {
2667 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
2668 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
2669 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
2673 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO: wrong = "auto"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2674 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: wrong = "register"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2675 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF: wrong = "typedef"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2676 wrong_thread_storage_class:
2677 errorf(HERE, "%K used with '%s'", &token, wrong);
2684 /* type qualifiers */
2685 #define MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(token, qualifier) \
2687 qualifiers |= qualifier; \
2691 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
2692 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
2693 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
2694 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
2695 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
2696 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
2697 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
2698 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
2700 /* type specifiers */
2701 #define MATCH_SPECIFIER(token, specifier, name) \
2703 if (type_specifiers & specifier) { \
2704 errorf(HERE, "multiple " name " type specifiers given"); \
2706 type_specifiers |= specifier; \
2711 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "_Bool");
2712 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex, SPECIFIER_COMPLEX, "_Complex");
2713 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary");
2714 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int128, SPECIFIER_INT128, "_int128");
2715 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int16, SPECIFIER_INT16, "_int16");
2716 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int32, SPECIFIER_INT32, "_int32");
2717 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int64, SPECIFIER_INT64, "_int64");
2718 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int8, SPECIFIER_INT8, "_int8");
2719 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "bool");
2720 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_char, SPECIFIER_CHAR, "char");
2721 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_double, SPECIFIER_DOUBLE, "double");
2722 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_float, SPECIFIER_FLOAT, "float");
2723 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_int, SPECIFIER_INT, "int");
2724 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_short, SPECIFIER_SHORT, "short");
2725 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_signed, SPECIFIER_SIGNED, "signed");
2726 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_unsigned, SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED, "unsigned");
2727 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_void, SPECIFIER_VOID, "void");
2728 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_wchar_t, SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T, "wchar_t");
2732 specifiers->is_inline = true;
2736 case T__forceinline:
2737 eat(T__forceinline);
2738 specifiers->modifiers |= DM_FORCEINLINE;
2743 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG) {
2744 errorf(HERE, "too many long type specifiers given");
2745 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG) {
2746 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG;
2748 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG;
2753 #define CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE() \
2754 (type != NULL ? errorf(HERE, "multiple types in declaration specifiers") : (void)0)
2757 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2758 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
2760 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
2763 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2764 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
2765 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
2768 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2769 type = parse_enum_specifier();
2772 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2773 type = parse_typeof();
2775 case T___builtin_va_list:
2776 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2777 type = duplicate_type(type_valist);
2778 eat(T___builtin_va_list);
2781 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
2782 /* only parse identifier if we haven't found a type yet */
2783 if (type != NULL || type_specifiers != 0) {
2784 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'unsigned lng* f()' in a
2785 * declaration, so it doesn't generate errors about expecting '(' or
2787 switch (look_ahead(1)->kind) {
2794 case T__forceinline: /* ^ DECLARATION_START except for __attribute__ */
2798 errorf(HERE, "discarding stray %K in declaration specifier", &token);
2803 goto finish_specifiers;
2807 type_t *const typedef_type = get_typedef_type(token.base.symbol);
2808 if (typedef_type == NULL) {
2809 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'vodi f()' at the beginning of a
2810 * declaration, so it doesn't generate 'implicit int' followed by more
2811 * errors later on. */
2812 token_kind_t const la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
2818 errorf(HERE, "%K does not name a type", &token);
2820 entity_t *const entity = create_error_entity(token.base.symbol, ENTITY_TYPEDEF);
2822 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2823 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2831 goto finish_specifiers;
2836 type = typedef_type;
2840 /* function specifier */
2842 goto finish_specifiers;
2847 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2849 if (type == NULL || (saw_error && type_specifiers != 0)) {
2850 atomic_type_kind_t atomic_type;
2852 /* match valid basic types */
2853 switch (type_specifiers) {
2854 case SPECIFIER_VOID:
2855 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID;
2857 case SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T:
2858 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T;
2860 case SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2861 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR;
2863 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2864 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR;
2866 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2867 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR;
2869 case SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2870 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2871 case SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2872 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2873 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT;
2875 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2876 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2877 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT;
2880 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED:
2881 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2882 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2884 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED:
2885 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2886 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT;
2888 case SPECIFIER_LONG:
2889 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2890 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2891 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2892 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG;
2894 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2895 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2896 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG;
2899 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2900 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2901 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2902 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2904 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG;
2905 goto warn_about_long_long;
2907 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2908 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2910 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG;
2911 warn_about_long_long:
2912 warningf(WARN_LONG_LONG, &specifiers->source_position, "ISO C90 does not support 'long long'");
2915 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2916 atomic_type = unsigned_int8_type_kind;
2919 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2920 atomic_type = unsigned_int16_type_kind;
2923 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2924 atomic_type = unsigned_int32_type_kind;
2927 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2928 atomic_type = unsigned_int64_type_kind;
2931 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2932 atomic_type = unsigned_int128_type_kind;
2935 case SPECIFIER_INT8:
2936 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2937 atomic_type = int8_type_kind;
2940 case SPECIFIER_INT16:
2941 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2942 atomic_type = int16_type_kind;
2945 case SPECIFIER_INT32:
2946 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2947 atomic_type = int32_type_kind;
2950 case SPECIFIER_INT64:
2951 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2952 atomic_type = int64_type_kind;
2955 case SPECIFIER_INT128:
2956 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2957 atomic_type = int128_type_kind;
2960 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT:
2961 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2963 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2964 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2966 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2967 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2969 case SPECIFIER_BOOL:
2970 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL;
2972 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2973 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2974 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2976 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2977 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2978 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2980 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2981 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2982 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2985 /* invalid specifier combination, give an error message */
2986 source_position_t const* const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
2987 if (type_specifiers == 0) {
2989 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.5:4 */
2990 if (!(c_mode & _CXX) && !strict_mode) {
2991 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specifiers in declaration, using 'int'");
2992 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2995 errorf(pos, "no type specifiers given in declaration");
2998 } else if ((type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_SIGNED) &&
2999 (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3000 errorf(pos, "signed and unsigned specifiers given");
3001 } else if (type_specifiers & (SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3002 errorf(pos, "only integer types can be signed or unsigned");
3004 errorf(pos, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3006 specifiers->type = type_error_type;
3011 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_COMPLEX) {
3012 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPLEX);
3013 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY) {
3014 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_IMAGINARY);
3016 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
3018 type->atomic.akind = atomic_type;
3020 } else if (type_specifiers != 0) {
3021 errorf(&specifiers->source_position, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3024 /* FIXME: check type qualifiers here */
3025 type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
3028 type = identify_new_type(type);
3030 type = typehash_insert(type);
3033 if (specifiers->attributes != NULL)
3034 type = handle_type_attributes(specifiers->attributes, type);
3035 specifiers->type = type;
3038 static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
3040 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
3043 switch (token.kind) {
3044 /* type qualifiers */
3045 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
3046 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
3047 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
3048 /* microsoft extended type modifiers */
3049 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
3050 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
3051 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
3052 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
3053 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
3062 * Parses an K&R identifier list
3064 static void parse_identifier_list(scope_t *scope)
3066 assert(token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3068 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, token.base.symbol, HERE);
3069 /* a K&R parameter has no type, yet */
3073 append_entity(scope, entity);
3074 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3077 static entity_t *parse_parameter(void)
3079 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
3080 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
3082 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers,
3083 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
3084 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3088 static void semantic_parameter_incomplete(const entity_t *entity)
3090 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3092 /* §6.7.5.3:4 After adjustment, the parameters in a parameter type
3093 * list in a function declarator that is part of a
3094 * definition of that function shall not have
3095 * incomplete type. */
3096 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3097 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
3098 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "'%N' has incomplete type", entity);
3102 static bool has_parameters(void)
3104 /* func(void) is not a parameter */
3105 if (look_ahead(1)->kind != ')')
3107 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
3108 entity_t const *const entity = get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
3111 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
3113 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3114 if (!is_type_void(type))
3116 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3117 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.5:2 It must be literally (void). A typedef
3118 * is not allowed. */
3119 errorf(HERE, "empty parameter list defined with a typedef of 'void' not allowed in C++");
3120 } else if (type->base.qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE) {
3121 /* §6.7.5.3:10 Qualification is not allowed here. */
3122 errorf(HERE, "'void' as parameter must not have type qualifiers");
3124 } else if (token.kind != T_void) {
3132 * Parses function type parameters (and optionally creates variable_t entities
3133 * for them in a scope)
3135 static void parse_parameters(function_type_t *type, scope_t *scope)
3137 add_anchor_token(')');
3140 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER &&
3141 !is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol) &&
3142 (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
3143 type->kr_style_parameters = true;
3144 parse_identifier_list(scope);
3145 } else if (token.kind == ')') {
3146 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.6:1 */
3147 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3148 type->unspecified_parameters = true;
3149 } else if (has_parameters()) {
3150 function_parameter_t **anchor = &type->parameters;
3151 add_anchor_token(',');
3153 switch (token.kind) {
3156 type->variadic = true;
3157 goto parameters_finished;
3162 entity_t *entity = parse_parameter();
3163 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3164 errorf(&entity->base.source_position,
3165 "typedef not allowed as function parameter");
3168 assert(is_declaration(entity));
3170 semantic_parameter_incomplete(entity);
3172 function_parameter_t *const parameter =
3173 allocate_parameter(entity->declaration.type);
3175 if (scope != NULL) {
3176 append_entity(scope, entity);
3179 *anchor = parameter;
3180 anchor = ¶meter->next;
3185 goto parameters_finished;
3187 } while (next_if(','));
3188 parameters_finished:
3189 rem_anchor_token(',');
3192 rem_anchor_token(')');
3196 typedef enum construct_type_kind_t {
3197 CONSTRUCT_POINTER = 1,
3198 CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE,
3201 } construct_type_kind_t;
3203 typedef union construct_type_t construct_type_t;
3205 typedef struct construct_type_base_t {
3206 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3207 source_position_t pos;
3208 construct_type_t *next;
3209 } construct_type_base_t;
3211 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t {
3212 construct_type_base_t base;
3213 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3214 variable_t *base_variable; /**< MS __based extension. */
3217 typedef struct parsed_reference_t {
3218 construct_type_base_t base;
3219 } parsed_reference_t;
3221 typedef struct construct_function_type_t {
3222 construct_type_base_t base;
3223 type_t *function_type;
3224 } construct_function_type_t;
3226 typedef struct parsed_array_t {
3227 construct_type_base_t base;
3228 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3234 union construct_type_t {
3235 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3236 construct_type_base_t base;
3237 parsed_pointer_t pointer;
3238 parsed_reference_t reference;
3239 construct_function_type_t function;
3240 parsed_array_t array;
3243 static construct_type_t *allocate_declarator_zero(construct_type_kind_t const kind, size_t const size)
3245 construct_type_t *const cons = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, size);
3246 memset(cons, 0, size);
3248 cons->base.pos = *HERE;
3253 static construct_type_t *parse_pointer_declarator(void)
3255 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_POINTER, sizeof(parsed_pointer_t));
3257 cons->pointer.type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3258 //cons->pointer.base_variable = base_variable;
3263 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.2 */
3264 static construct_type_t *parse_reference_declarator(void)
3266 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3267 errorf(HERE, "references are only available for C++");
3269 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE, sizeof(parsed_reference_t));
3276 static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
3278 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_ARRAY, sizeof(parsed_array_t));
3279 parsed_array_t *const array = &cons->array;
3282 add_anchor_token(']');
3284 bool is_static = next_if(T_static);
3286 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3289 is_static = next_if(T_static);
3291 array->type_qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
3292 array->is_static = is_static;
3294 expression_t *size = NULL;
3295 if (token.kind == '*' && look_ahead(1)->kind == ']') {
3296 array->is_variable = true;
3298 } else if (token.kind != ']') {
3299 size = parse_assignment_expression();
3301 /* §6.7.5.2:1 Array size must have integer type */
3302 type_t *const orig_type = size->base.type;
3303 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3304 if (!is_type_integer(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
3305 errorf(&size->base.source_position,
3306 "array size '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
3311 mark_vars_read(size, NULL);
3314 if (is_static && size == NULL)
3315 errorf(&array->base.pos, "static array parameters require a size");
3317 rem_anchor_token(']');
3323 static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(scope_t *scope)
3325 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION, sizeof(construct_function_type_t));
3327 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
3328 function_type_t *ftype = &type->function;
3330 ftype->linkage = current_linkage;
3331 ftype->calling_convention = CC_DEFAULT;
3333 parse_parameters(ftype, scope);
3335 cons->function.function_type = type;
3340 typedef struct parse_declarator_env_t {
3341 bool may_be_abstract : 1;
3342 bool must_be_abstract : 1;
3343 decl_modifiers_t modifiers;
3345 source_position_t source_position;
3347 attribute_t *attributes;
3348 } parse_declarator_env_t;
3351 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(parse_declarator_env_t *env)
3353 /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
3354 * how to construct the final declarator type */
3355 construct_type_t *first = NULL;
3356 construct_type_t **anchor = &first;
3358 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3361 construct_type_t *type;
3362 //variable_t *based = NULL; /* MS __based extension */
3363 switch (token.kind) {
3365 type = parse_reference_declarator();
3369 panic("based not supported anymore");
3374 type = parse_pointer_declarator();
3378 goto ptr_operator_end;
3382 anchor = &type->base.next;
3384 /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
3385 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3389 construct_type_t *inner_types = NULL;
3391 switch (token.kind) {
3393 if (env->must_be_abstract) {
3394 errorf(HERE, "no identifier expected in typename");
3396 env->symbol = token.base.symbol;
3397 env->source_position = *HERE;
3403 /* Parenthesized declarator or function declarator? */
3404 token_t const *const la1 = look_ahead(1);
3405 switch (la1->kind) {
3407 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
3409 /* §6.7.6:2 footnote 126: Empty parentheses in a type name are
3410 * interpreted as ``function with no parameter specification'', rather
3411 * than redundant parentheses around the omitted identifier. */
3413 /* Function declarator. */
3414 if (!env->may_be_abstract) {
3415 errorf(HERE, "function declarator must have a name");
3422 case T___attribute__: /* FIXME __attribute__ might also introduce a parameter of a function declarator. */
3423 /* Paranthesized declarator. */
3425 add_anchor_token(')');
3426 inner_types = parse_inner_declarator(env);
3427 if (inner_types != NULL) {
3428 /* All later declarators only modify the return type */
3429 env->must_be_abstract = true;
3431 rem_anchor_token(')');
3440 if (env->may_be_abstract)
3442 parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', NULL);
3447 construct_type_t **const p = anchor;
3450 construct_type_t *type;
3451 switch (token.kind) {
3453 scope_t *scope = NULL;
3454 if (!env->must_be_abstract) {
3455 scope = &env->parameters;
3458 type = parse_function_declarator(scope);
3462 type = parse_array_declarator();
3465 goto declarator_finished;
3468 /* insert in the middle of the list (at p) */
3469 type->base.next = *p;
3472 anchor = &type->base.next;
3475 declarator_finished:
3476 /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set anchor anymore
3477 * as it's not needed anymore */
3478 *anchor = inner_types;
3483 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
3486 construct_type_t *iter = construct_list;
3487 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
3488 source_position_t const* const pos = &iter->base.pos;
3489 switch (iter->kind) {
3490 case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION: {
3491 construct_function_type_t *function = &iter->function;
3492 type_t *function_type = function->function_type;
3494 function_type->function.return_type = type;
3496 type_t *skipped_return_type = skip_typeref(type);
3498 if (is_type_function(skipped_return_type)) {
3499 errorf(pos, "function returning function is not allowed");
3500 } else if (is_type_array(skipped_return_type)) {
3501 errorf(pos, "function returning array is not allowed");
3503 if (skipped_return_type->base.qualifiers != 0) {
3504 warningf(WARN_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS, pos, "type qualifiers in return type of function type are meaningless");
3508 /* The function type was constructed earlier. Freeing it here will
3509 * destroy other types. */
3510 type = typehash_insert(function_type);
3514 case CONSTRUCT_POINTER: {
3515 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3516 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a pointer to reference");
3518 parsed_pointer_t *pointer = &iter->pointer;
3519 type = make_based_pointer_type(type, pointer->type_qualifiers, pointer->base_variable);
3523 case CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE:
3524 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3525 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a reference to reference");
3527 type = make_reference_type(type);
3530 case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY: {
3531 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3532 errorf(pos, "cannot declare an array of references");
3534 parsed_array_t *array = &iter->array;
3535 type_t *array_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
3537 expression_t *size_expression = array->size;
3538 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3540 = create_implicit_cast(size_expression, type_size_t);
3543 array_type->base.qualifiers = array->type_qualifiers;
3544 array_type->array.element_type = type;
3545 array_type->array.is_static = array->is_static;
3546 array_type->array.is_variable = array->is_variable;
3547 array_type->array.size_expression = size_expression;
3549 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3550 switch (is_constant_expression(size_expression)) {
3551 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: {
3552 long const size = fold_constant_to_int(size_expression);
3553 array_type->array.size = size;
3554 array_type->array.size_constant = true;
3555 /* §6.7.5.2:1 If the expression is a constant expression,
3556 * it shall have a value greater than zero. */
3558 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3559 "size of array must be greater than zero");
3560 } else if (size == 0 && !GNU_MODE) {
3561 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3562 "size of array must be greater than zero (zero length arrays are a GCC extension)");
3567 case EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE:
3568 array_type->array.is_vla = true;
3571 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR:
3576 type_t *skipped_type = skip_typeref(type);
3578 if (is_type_incomplete(skipped_type)) {
3579 errorf(pos, "array of incomplete type '%T' is not allowed", type);
3580 } else if (is_type_function(skipped_type)) {
3581 errorf(pos, "array of functions is not allowed");
3583 type = identify_new_type(array_type);
3587 internal_errorf(pos, "invalid type construction found");
3593 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type);
3595 static type_t *semantic_parameter(const source_position_t *pos,
3597 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3598 entity_t const *const param)
3600 /* §6.7.5.3:7 A declaration of a parameter as ``array of type''
3601 * shall be adjusted to ``qualified pointer to type'',
3603 * §6.7.5.3:8 A declaration of a parameter as ``function returning
3604 * type'' shall be adjusted to ``pointer to function
3605 * returning type'', as in 6.3.2.1. */
3606 type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
3608 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3609 errorf(pos, "'%N' declared 'inline'", param);
3612 /* §6.9.1:6 The declarations in the declaration list shall contain
3613 * no storage-class specifier other than register and no
3614 * initializations. */
3615 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3616 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3617 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
3619 errorf(pos, "invalid storage class for '%N'", param);
3622 /* delay test for incomplete type, because we might have (void)
3623 * which is legal but incomplete... */
3628 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3629 declarator_flags_t flags)
3631 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3632 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3633 env.may_be_abstract = (flags & DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT) != 0;
3635 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3637 construct_declarator_type(construct_type, specifiers->type);
3638 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3640 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3641 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3644 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(env.attributes);
3645 /* append (shared) specifier attribute behind attributes of this
3647 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
3648 while (*anchor != NULL)
3649 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
3650 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
3653 if (specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
3654 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_TYPEDEF, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, &env.source_position);
3655 entity->typedefe.type = orig_type;
3657 if (anonymous_entity != NULL) {
3658 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
3659 assert(anonymous_entity->compound.alias == NULL);
3660 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_STRUCT ||
3661 anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_UNION);
3662 anonymous_entity->compound.alias = entity;
3663 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3664 } else if (is_type_enum(type)) {
3665 assert(anonymous_entity->enume.alias == NULL);
3666 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM);
3667 anonymous_entity->enume.alias = entity;
3668 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3672 /* create a declaration type entity */
3673 source_position_t const *const pos = env.symbol ? &env.source_position : &specifiers->source_position;
3674 if (flags & DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER) {
3675 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3677 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3678 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3679 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3682 if (specifiers->thread_local ||
3683 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3684 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' must have no storage class", entity);
3687 } else if (flags & DECL_IS_PARAMETER) {
3688 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3689 orig_type = semantic_parameter(&env.source_position, orig_type, specifiers, entity);
3690 } else if (is_type_function(type)) {
3691 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3692 entity->function.is_inline = specifiers->is_inline;
3693 entity->function.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3694 entity->function.parameters = env.parameters;
3696 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3697 /* this needs fixes for C++ */
3698 bool in_function_scope = current_function != NULL;
3700 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3701 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3702 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3703 (in_function_scope || specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
3705 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3709 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_VARIABLE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3710 entity->variable.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3711 entity->variable.thread_local = specifiers->thread_local;
3713 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3714 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3715 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3718 bool invalid_storage_class = false;
3719 if (current_scope == file_scope) {
3720 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3721 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3722 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3723 invalid_storage_class = true;
3726 if (specifiers->thread_local &&
3727 specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3728 invalid_storage_class = true;
3731 if (invalid_storage_class) {
3732 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3737 entity->declaration.type = orig_type;
3738 entity->declaration.alignment = get_type_alignment(orig_type);
3739 entity->declaration.modifiers = env.modifiers;
3740 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
3742 storage_class_t storage_class = specifiers->storage_class;
3743 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = storage_class;
3745 if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && current_function != NULL)
3746 storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO;
3747 entity->declaration.storage_class = storage_class;
3750 if (attributes != NULL) {
3751 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
3754 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION && !freestanding) {
3755 adapt_special_functions(&entity->function);
3761 static type_t *parse_abstract_declarator(type_t *base_type)
3763 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3764 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3765 env.may_be_abstract = true;
3766 env.must_be_abstract = true;
3768 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3770 type_t *result = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, base_type);
3771 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3772 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3774 result = handle_type_attributes(env.attributes, result);
3780 * Check if the declaration of main is suspicious. main should be a
3781 * function with external linkage, returning int, taking either zero
3782 * arguments, two, or three arguments of appropriate types, ie.
3784 * int main([ int argc, char **argv [, char **env ] ]).
3786 * @param decl the declaration to check
3787 * @param type the function type of the declaration
3789 static void check_main(const entity_t *entity)
3791 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3792 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3793 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is not a function");
3797 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3798 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is normally a non-static function");
3801 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3802 assert(is_type_function(type));
3804 function_type_t const *const func_type = &type->function;
3805 type_t *const ret_type = func_type->return_type;
3806 if (!types_compatible(skip_typeref(ret_type), type_int)) {
3807 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "return type of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", ret_type);
3809 const function_parameter_t *parm = func_type->parameters;
3811 type_t *const first_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3812 type_t *const first_type_unqual = get_unqualified_type(first_type);
3813 if (!types_compatible(first_type_unqual, type_int)) {
3814 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "first argument of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3818 type_t *const second_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3819 type_t *const second_type_unqual
3820 = get_unqualified_type(second_type);
3821 if (!types_compatible(second_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3822 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "second argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3826 type_t *const third_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3827 type_t *const third_type_unqual
3828 = get_unqualified_type(third_type);
3829 if (!types_compatible(third_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3830 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "third argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3834 goto warn_arg_count;
3838 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' takes only zero, two or three arguments");
3843 static void error_redefined_as_different_kind(const source_position_t *pos,
3844 const entity_t *old, entity_kind_t new_kind)
3846 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(new_kind);
3847 source_position_t const *const ppos = &old->base.source_position;
3848 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' as %s (declared %P)", old, what, ppos);
3851 static bool is_entity_valid(entity_t *const ent)
3853 if (is_declaration(ent)) {
3854 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->declaration.type));
3855 } else if (ent->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3856 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->typedefe.type));
3861 static bool contains_attribute(const attribute_t *list, const attribute_t *attr)
3863 for (const attribute_t *tattr = list; tattr != NULL; tattr = tattr->next) {
3864 if (attributes_equal(tattr, attr))
3871 * test wether new_list contains any attributes not included in old_list
3873 static bool has_new_attributes(const attribute_t *old_list,
3874 const attribute_t *new_list)
3876 for (const attribute_t *attr = new_list; attr != NULL; attr = attr->next) {
3877 if (!contains_attribute(old_list, attr))
3884 * Merge in attributes from an attribute list (probably from a previous
3885 * declaration with the same name). Warning: destroys the old structure
3886 * of the attribute list - don't reuse attributes after this call.
3888 static void merge_in_attributes(declaration_t *decl, attribute_t *attributes)
3891 for (attribute_t *attr = attributes; attr != NULL; attr = next) {
3893 if (contains_attribute(decl->attributes, attr))
3896 /* move attribute to new declarations attributes list */
3897 attr->next = decl->attributes;
3898 decl->attributes = attr;
3902 static bool is_main(entity_t*);
3905 * record entities for the NAMESPACE_NORMAL, and produce error messages/warnings
3906 * for various problems that occur for multiple definitions
3908 entity_t *record_entity(entity_t *entity, const bool is_definition)
3910 const symbol_t *const symbol = entity->base.symbol;
3911 const namespace_tag_t namespc = (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc;
3912 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3914 /* can happen in error cases */
3918 assert(!entity->base.parent_scope);
3919 assert(current_scope);
3920 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
3922 entity_t *const previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, namespc);
3923 /* pushing the same entity twice will break the stack structure */
3924 assert(previous_entity != entity);
3926 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3927 type_t *const orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
3928 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3930 assert(is_type_function(type));
3931 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
3932 previous_entity == NULL &&
3933 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3934 warningf(WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES, pos, "function declaration '%#N' is not a prototype", entity);
3937 if (is_main(entity)) {
3942 if (is_declaration(entity) &&
3943 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3944 current_scope != file_scope &&
3945 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3946 warningf(WARN_NESTED_EXTERNS, pos, "nested extern declaration of '%#N'", entity);
3949 if (previous_entity != NULL) {
3950 source_position_t const *const ppos = &previous_entity->base.source_position;
3952 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters &&
3953 previous_entity->base.parent_scope->depth + 1 == current_scope->depth) {
3954 assert(previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3955 errorf(pos, "declaration of '%N' redeclares the '%N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
3959 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
3960 if (previous_entity->kind != entity->kind) {
3961 if (is_entity_valid(previous_entity) && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
3962 error_redefined_as_different_kind(pos, previous_entity,
3967 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
3968 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
3971 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3972 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3973 type_t *const prev_type
3974 = skip_typeref(previous_entity->typedefe.type);
3975 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3976 /* C++ allows double typedef if they are identical
3977 * (after skipping typedefs) */
3978 if (type == prev_type)
3981 /* GCC extension: redef in system headers is allowed */
3982 if ((pos->is_system_header || ppos->is_system_header) &&
3983 types_compatible(type, prev_type))
3986 errorf(pos, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)",
3991 /* at this point we should have only VARIABLES or FUNCTIONS */
3992 assert(is_declaration(previous_entity) && is_declaration(entity));
3994 declaration_t *const prev_decl = &previous_entity->declaration;
3995 declaration_t *const decl = &entity->declaration;
3997 /* can happen for K&R style declarations */
3998 if (prev_decl->type == NULL &&
3999 previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
4000 entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER) {
4001 prev_decl->type = decl->type;
4002 prev_decl->storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4003 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = decl->declared_storage_class;
4004 prev_decl->modifiers = decl->modifiers;
4005 return previous_entity;
4008 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4009 type_t *const prev_type = skip_typeref(prev_decl->type);
4011 if (!types_compatible(type, prev_type)) {
4012 errorf(pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
4014 unsigned old_storage_class = prev_decl->storage_class;
4016 if (is_definition &&
4018 !(prev_decl->modifiers & DM_USED) &&
4019 prev_decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4020 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, ppos, "unnecessary static forward declaration for '%#N'", previous_entity);
4023 storage_class_t new_storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4025 /* pretend no storage class means extern for function
4026 * declarations (except if the previous declaration is neither
4027 * none nor extern) */
4028 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4029 /* the previous declaration could have unspecified parameters or
4030 * be a typedef, so use the new type */
4031 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters || is_definition)
4032 prev_decl->type = type;
4034 switch (old_storage_class) {
4035 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
4036 old_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4039 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
4040 if (is_definition) {
4041 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters && !is_main(entity)) {
4042 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4044 } else if (new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
4045 new_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4052 } else if (is_type_incomplete(prev_type)) {
4053 prev_decl->type = type;
4056 if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4057 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4059 warn_redundant_declaration: ;
4061 = has_new_attributes(prev_decl->attributes,
4063 if (has_new_attrs) {
4064 merge_in_attributes(decl, prev_decl->attributes);
4065 } else if (!is_definition &&
4066 is_type_valid(prev_type) &&
4067 !pos->is_system_header) {
4068 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, pos, "redundant declaration for '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4070 } else if (current_function == NULL) {
4071 if (old_storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4072 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4073 errorf(pos, "static declaration of '%N' follows non-static declaration (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4074 } else if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4075 prev_decl->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4076 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4078 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:1 */
4080 goto error_redeclaration;
4081 goto warn_redundant_declaration;
4083 } else if (is_type_valid(prev_type)) {
4084 if (old_storage_class == new_storage_class) {
4085 error_redeclaration:
4086 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4088 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' with different linkage (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4093 prev_decl->modifiers |= decl->modifiers;
4094 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4095 previous_entity->function.is_inline |= entity->function.is_inline;
4097 return previous_entity;
4101 if (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW) ||
4102 (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW_LOCAL) && previous_entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)) {
4103 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(previous_entity->kind);
4104 warningf(why, pos, "'%N' shadows %s (declared %P)", entity, what, ppos);
4108 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4109 if (is_definition &&
4110 entity->declaration.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4112 if (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES)) {
4113 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4115 goto warn_missing_declaration;
4118 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4119 if (current_scope == file_scope &&
4120 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
4121 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
4122 warn_missing_declaration:
4123 warningf(WARN_MISSING_DECLARATIONS, pos, "no previous declaration for '%#N'", entity);
4128 environment_push(entity);
4129 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
4134 static void parser_error_multiple_definition(entity_t *entity,
4135 const source_position_t *source_position)
4137 errorf(source_position, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, &entity->base.source_position);
4140 static bool is_declaration_specifier(const token_t *token)
4142 switch (token->kind) {
4146 return is_typedef_symbol(token->base.symbol);
4153 static void parse_init_declarator_rest(entity_t *entity)
4155 type_t *orig_type = type_error_type;
4157 if (entity->base.kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
4158 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4159 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized (use __typeof__ instead)", entity);
4161 assert(is_declaration(entity));
4162 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
4165 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4167 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE
4168 && entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
4169 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
4173 declaration_t *const declaration = &entity->declaration;
4174 bool must_be_constant = false;
4175 if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
4176 entity->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4177 must_be_constant = true;
4180 if (is_type_function(type)) {
4181 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4182 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized like a variable", entity);
4183 orig_type = type_error_type;
4186 parse_initializer_env_t env;
4187 env.type = orig_type;
4188 env.must_be_constant = must_be_constant;
4189 env.entity = entity;
4191 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
4193 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4194 /* §6.7.5:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size
4195 * determine the array type size */
4196 declaration->type = env.type;
4197 entity->variable.initializer = initializer;
4201 /* parse rest of a declaration without any declarator */
4202 static void parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(
4203 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
4206 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4208 source_position_t const *const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
4209 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE ||
4210 specifiers->thread_local) {
4211 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "useless storage class in empty declaration");
4214 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
4215 switch (type->kind) {
4216 case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
4217 case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
4218 if (type->compound.compound->base.symbol == NULL) {
4219 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
4228 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty declaration");
4233 static void check_variable_type_complete(entity_t *ent)
4235 if (ent->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
4238 /* §6.7:7 If an identifier for an object is declared with no linkage, the
4239 * type for the object shall be complete [...] */
4240 declaration_t *decl = &ent->declaration;
4241 if (decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN ||
4242 decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
4245 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4246 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
4249 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
4250 * are given length one. */
4251 if (is_type_array(type) && ent->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4252 ARR_APP1(declaration_t*, incomplete_arrays, decl);
4256 errorf(&ent->base.source_position, "variable '%#N' has incomplete type", ent);
4260 static void parse_declaration_rest(entity_t *ndeclaration,
4261 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
4262 parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4263 declarator_flags_t flags)
4265 add_anchor_token(';');
4266 add_anchor_token(',');
4268 entity_t *entity = finished_declaration(ndeclaration, token.kind == '=');
4270 if (token.kind == '=') {
4271 parse_init_declarator_rest(entity);
4272 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4273 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.5.3:3 The initializer can be omitted
4274 * [...] where the extern specifier is explicitly used. */
4275 declaration_t *decl = &entity->declaration;
4276 if (decl->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4277 is_type_reference(skip_typeref(decl->type))) {
4278 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4279 errorf(pos, "reference '%#N' must be initialized", entity);
4283 check_variable_type_complete(entity);
4288 add_anchor_token('=');
4289 ndeclaration = parse_declarator(specifiers, flags);
4290 rem_anchor_token('=');
4292 rem_anchor_token(',');
4293 rem_anchor_token(';');
4296 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4299 static entity_t *finished_kr_declaration(entity_t *entity, bool is_definition)
4301 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
4305 assert(entity->base.namespc == NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4306 entity_t *previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4307 if (previous_entity == NULL
4308 || previous_entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
4309 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "expected declaration of a function parameter, found '%Y'",
4314 if (is_definition) {
4315 errorf(HERE, "'%N' is initialised", entity);
4318 return record_entity(entity, false);
4321 static void parse_declaration(parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4322 declarator_flags_t flags)
4324 add_anchor_token(';');
4325 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
4326 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
4327 rem_anchor_token(';');
4329 if (token.kind == ';') {
4330 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
4332 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers, flags);
4333 parse_declaration_rest(entity, &specifiers, finished_declaration, flags);
4338 static type_t *get_default_promoted_type(type_t *orig_type)
4340 type_t *result = orig_type;
4342 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4343 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
4344 result = promote_integer(type);
4345 } else if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
4346 result = type_double;
4352 static void parse_kr_declaration_list(entity_t *entity)
4354 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4357 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
4358 assert(is_type_function(type));
4359 if (!type->function.kr_style_parameters)
4362 add_anchor_token('{');
4364 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.parameters);
4366 entity_t *parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4367 for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
4368 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL);
4369 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
4370 environment_push(parameter);
4373 /* parse declaration list */
4375 switch (token.kind) {
4377 /* This covers symbols, which are no type, too, and results in
4378 * better error messages. The typical cases are misspelled type
4379 * names and missing includes. */
4381 parse_declaration(finished_kr_declaration, DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
4391 /* update function type */
4392 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
4394 function_parameter_t *parameters = NULL;
4395 function_parameter_t **anchor = ¶meters;
4397 /* did we have an earlier prototype? */
4398 entity_t *proto_type = get_entity(entity->base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4399 if (proto_type != NULL && proto_type->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4402 function_parameter_t *proto_parameter = NULL;
4403 if (proto_type != NULL) {
4404 type_t *proto_type_type = proto_type->declaration.type;
4405 proto_parameter = proto_type_type->function.parameters;
4406 /* If a K&R function definition has a variadic prototype earlier, then
4407 * make the function definition variadic, too. This should conform to
4408 * §6.7.5.3:15 and §6.9.1:8. */
4409 new_type->function.variadic = proto_type_type->function.variadic;
4411 /* §6.9.1.7: A K&R style parameter list does NOT act as a function
4413 new_type->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
4416 bool need_incompatible_warning = false;
4417 parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4418 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next,
4420 proto_parameter == NULL ? NULL : proto_parameter->next) {
4421 if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
4424 type_t *parameter_type = parameter->declaration.type;
4425 if (parameter_type == NULL) {
4426 source_position_t const* const pos = ¶meter->base.source_position;
4428 errorf(pos, "no type specified for function '%N'", parameter);
4429 parameter_type = type_error_type;
4431 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specified for function parameter '%N', using 'int'", parameter);
4432 parameter_type = type_int;
4434 parameter->declaration.type = parameter_type;
4437 semantic_parameter_incomplete(parameter);
4439 /* we need the default promoted types for the function type */
4440 type_t *not_promoted = parameter_type;
4441 parameter_type = get_default_promoted_type(parameter_type);
4443 /* gcc special: if the type of the prototype matches the unpromoted
4444 * type don't promote */
4445 if (!strict_mode && proto_parameter != NULL) {
4446 type_t *proto_p_type = skip_typeref(proto_parameter->type);
4447 type_t *promo_skip = skip_typeref(parameter_type);
4448 type_t *param_skip = skip_typeref(not_promoted);
4449 if (!types_compatible(proto_p_type, promo_skip)
4450 && types_compatible(proto_p_type, param_skip)) {
4452 need_incompatible_warning = true;
4453 parameter_type = not_promoted;
4456 function_parameter_t *const function_parameter
4457 = allocate_parameter(parameter_type);
4459 *anchor = function_parameter;
4460 anchor = &function_parameter->next;
4463 new_type->function.parameters = parameters;
4464 new_type = identify_new_type(new_type);
4466 if (need_incompatible_warning) {
4467 symbol_t const *const sym = entity->base.symbol;
4468 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4469 source_position_t const *const ppos = &proto_type->base.source_position;
4470 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#T' (declared %P)", proto_type, new_type, sym, ppos);
4472 entity->declaration.type = new_type;
4474 rem_anchor_token('{');
4477 static bool first_err = true;
4480 * When called with first_err set, prints the name of the current function,
4483 static void print_in_function(void)
4487 char const *const file = current_function->base.base.source_position.input_name;
4488 diagnosticf("%s: In '%N':\n", file, (entity_t const*)current_function);
4493 * Check if all labels are defined in the current function.
4494 * Check if all labels are used in the current function.
4496 static void check_labels(void)
4498 for (const goto_statement_t *goto_statement = goto_first;
4499 goto_statement != NULL;
4500 goto_statement = goto_statement->next) {
4501 label_t *label = goto_statement->label;
4502 if (label->base.source_position.input_name == NULL) {
4503 print_in_function();
4504 source_position_t const *const pos = &goto_statement->base.source_position;
4505 errorf(pos, "'%N' used but not defined", (entity_t const*)label);
4509 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL)) {
4510 for (const label_statement_t *label_statement = label_first;
4511 label_statement != NULL;
4512 label_statement = label_statement->next) {
4513 label_t *label = label_statement->label;
4515 if (! label->used) {
4516 print_in_function();
4517 source_position_t const *const pos = &label_statement->base.source_position;
4518 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL, pos, "'%N' defined but not used", (entity_t const*)label);
4524 static void warn_unused_entity(warning_t const why, entity_t *entity, entity_t *const last)
4526 entity_t const *const end = last != NULL ? last->base.next : NULL;
4527 for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
4528 if (!is_declaration(entity))
4531 declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
4532 if (declaration->implicit)
4535 if (!declaration->used) {
4536 print_in_function();
4537 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is unused", entity);
4538 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE && !entity->variable.read) {
4539 print_in_function();
4540 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is never read", entity);
4545 static void check_unused_variables(statement_t *const stmt, void *const env)
4549 switch (stmt->kind) {
4550 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4551 declaration_statement_t const *const decls = &stmt->declaration;
4552 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, decls->declarations_begin, decls->declarations_end);
4557 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, stmt->fors.scope.entities, NULL);
4566 * Check declarations of current_function for unused entities.
4568 static void check_declarations(void)
4570 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER)) {
4571 const scope_t *scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
4572 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER, scope->entities, NULL);
4574 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE)) {
4575 walk_statements(current_function->body, check_unused_variables, NULL);
4579 static int determine_truth(expression_t const* const cond)
4582 is_constant_expression(cond) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT ? 0 :
4583 fold_constant_to_bool(cond) ? 1 :
4587 static void check_reachable(statement_t *);
4588 static bool reaches_end;
4590 static bool expression_returns(expression_t const *const expr)
4592 switch (expr->kind) {
4594 expression_t const *const func = expr->call.function;
4595 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(func->base.type);
4596 if (type->kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
4597 type_t const *const points_to
4598 = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
4599 if (points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION
4600 && points_to->function.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)
4604 if (!expression_returns(func))
4607 for (call_argument_t const* arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
4608 if (!expression_returns(arg->expression))
4615 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
4616 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
4617 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
4618 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
4619 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
4620 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO descend into initialisers
4621 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
4622 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
4623 case EXPR_SIZEOF: // TODO handle obscure VLA case
4626 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
4627 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
4632 case EXPR_STATEMENT: {
4633 bool old_reaches_end = reaches_end;
4634 reaches_end = false;
4635 check_reachable(expr->statement.statement);
4636 bool returns = reaches_end;
4637 reaches_end = old_reaches_end;
4641 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
4642 // TODO handle constant expression
4644 if (!expression_returns(expr->conditional.condition))
4647 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL
4648 && expression_returns(expr->conditional.true_expression))
4651 return expression_returns(expr->conditional.false_expression);
4654 return expression_returns(expr->select.compound);
4656 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
4658 expression_returns(expr->array_access.array_ref) &&
4659 expression_returns(expr->array_access.index);
4662 return expression_returns(expr->va_starte.ap);
4665 return expression_returns(expr->va_arge.ap);
4668 return expression_returns(expr->va_copye.src);
4670 case EXPR_UNARY_CASES_MANDATORY:
4671 return expression_returns(expr->unary.value);
4673 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
4676 case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:
4677 // TODO handle constant lhs of && and ||
4679 expression_returns(expr->binary.left) &&
4680 expression_returns(expr->binary.right);
4683 panic("unhandled expression");
4686 static bool initializer_returns(initializer_t const *const init)
4688 switch (init->kind) {
4689 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
4690 return expression_returns(init->value.value);
4692 case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
4693 initializer_t * const* i = init->list.initializers;
4694 initializer_t * const* const end = i + init->list.len;
4695 bool returns = true;
4696 for (; i != end; ++i) {
4697 if (!initializer_returns(*i))
4703 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
4704 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR: // designators have no payload
4707 panic("unhandled initializer");
4710 static bool noreturn_candidate;
4712 static void check_reachable(statement_t *const stmt)
4714 if (stmt->base.reachable)
4716 if (stmt->kind != STATEMENT_DO_WHILE)
4717 stmt->base.reachable = true;
4719 statement_t *last = stmt;
4721 switch (stmt->kind) {
4722 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
4723 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
4725 next = stmt->base.next;
4728 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4729 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
4730 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
4731 entity_t const *const last_decl = decl->declarations_end;
4733 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
4734 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
4735 ent->variable.initializer != NULL &&
4736 !initializer_returns(ent->variable.initializer)) {
4739 if (ent == last_decl)
4743 next = stmt->base.next;
4747 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
4748 next = stmt->compound.statements;
4750 next = stmt->base.next;
4753 case STATEMENT_RETURN: {
4754 expression_t const *const val = stmt->returns.value;
4755 if (val == NULL || expression_returns(val))
4756 noreturn_candidate = false;
4760 case STATEMENT_IF: {
4761 if_statement_t const *const ifs = &stmt->ifs;
4762 expression_t const *const cond = ifs->condition;
4764 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4767 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4770 check_reachable(ifs->true_statement);
4775 if (ifs->false_statement != NULL) {
4776 check_reachable(ifs->false_statement);
4780 next = stmt->base.next;
4784 case STATEMENT_SWITCH: {
4785 switch_statement_t const *const switchs = &stmt->switchs;
4786 expression_t const *const expr = switchs->expression;
4788 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4791 if (is_constant_expression(expr) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
4792 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expr);
4793 case_label_statement_t * defaults = NULL;
4794 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4795 if (i->expression == NULL) {
4800 if (i->first_case <= val && val <= i->last_case) {
4801 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4806 if (defaults != NULL) {
4807 check_reachable((statement_t*)defaults);
4811 bool has_default = false;
4812 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4813 if (i->expression == NULL)
4816 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4823 next = stmt->base.next;
4827 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION: {
4828 /* Check for noreturn function call */
4829 expression_t const *const expr = stmt->expression.expression;
4830 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4833 next = stmt->base.next;
4837 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
4838 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4839 parent = parent->base.parent;
4840 if (parent == NULL) /* continue not within loop */
4844 switch (parent->kind) {
4845 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: goto continue_do_while;
4846 case STATEMENT_FOR: goto continue_for;
4852 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
4853 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4854 parent = parent->base.parent;
4855 if (parent == NULL) /* break not within loop/switch */
4858 switch (parent->kind) {
4859 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
4860 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4863 next = parent->base.next;
4864 goto found_break_parent;
4872 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: {
4873 if (!expression_returns(stmt->computed_goto.expression))
4876 statement_t *parent = stmt->base.parent;
4877 if (parent == NULL) /* top level goto */
4883 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
4884 next = stmt->gotos.label->statement;
4885 if (next == NULL) /* missing label */
4889 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
4890 next = stmt->label.statement;
4893 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
4894 next = stmt->case_label.statement;
4897 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4898 next = stmt->do_while.body;
4901 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
4902 for_statement_t *const fors = &stmt->fors;
4904 if (fors->condition_reachable)
4906 fors->condition_reachable = true;
4908 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
4913 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
4914 val = determine_truth(cond);
4920 check_reachable(fors->body);
4925 next = stmt->base.next;
4929 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY: {
4930 ms_try_statement_t const *const ms_try = &stmt->ms_try;
4931 check_reachable(ms_try->try_statement);
4932 next = ms_try->final_statement;
4936 case STATEMENT_LEAVE: {
4937 statement_t *parent = stmt;
4939 parent = parent->base.parent;
4940 if (parent == NULL) /* __leave not within __try */
4943 if (parent->kind == STATEMENT_MS_TRY) {
4945 next = parent->ms_try.final_statement;
4953 panic("invalid statement kind");
4956 while (next == NULL) {
4957 next = last->base.parent;
4959 noreturn_candidate = false;
4961 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
4962 assert(is_type_function(type));
4963 type_t *const ret = skip_typeref(type->function.return_type);
4964 if (!is_type_void(ret) &&
4965 is_type_valid(ret) &&
4966 !is_main(current_entity)) {
4967 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
4968 warningf(WARN_RETURN_TYPE, pos, "control reaches end of non-void function");
4973 switch (next->kind) {
4974 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
4975 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
4976 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
4977 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
4979 case STATEMENT_RETURN:
4980 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
4981 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
4982 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO:
4983 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
4984 case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
4985 panic("invalid control flow in function");
4987 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
4988 if (next->compound.stmt_expr) {
4994 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
4995 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
4996 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
4998 next = next->base.next;
5001 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: {
5003 if (next->base.reachable)
5005 next->base.reachable = true;
5007 do_while_statement_t const *const dw = &next->do_while;
5008 expression_t const *const cond = dw->condition;
5010 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5013 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5016 check_reachable(dw->body);
5022 next = next->base.next;
5026 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5028 for_statement_t *const fors = &next->fors;
5030 fors->step_reachable = true;
5032 if (fors->condition_reachable)
5034 fors->condition_reachable = true;
5036 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
5041 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
5042 val = determine_truth(cond);
5048 check_reachable(fors->body);
5054 next = next->base.next;
5058 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
5060 next = next->ms_try.final_statement;
5065 check_reachable(next);
5068 static void check_unreachable(statement_t* const stmt, void *const env)
5072 switch (stmt->kind) {
5073 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
5074 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5075 expression_t const *const cond = stmt->do_while.condition;
5076 if (determine_truth(cond) >= 0) {
5077 source_position_t const *const pos = &cond->base.source_position;
5078 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of do-while-loop is unreachable");
5083 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5084 for_statement_t const* const fors = &stmt->fors;
5086 // if init and step are unreachable, cond is unreachable, too
5087 if (!stmt->base.reachable && !fors->step_reachable) {
5088 goto warn_unreachable;
5090 if (!stmt->base.reachable && fors->initialisation != NULL) {
5091 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->initialisation->base.source_position;
5092 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "initialisation of for-statement is unreachable");
5095 if (!fors->condition_reachable && fors->condition != NULL) {
5096 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->condition->base.source_position;
5097 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of for-statement is unreachable");
5100 if (!fors->step_reachable && fors->step != NULL) {
5101 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->step->base.source_position;
5102 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "step of for-statement is unreachable");
5108 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5109 if (stmt->compound.statements != NULL)
5111 goto warn_unreachable;
5113 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
5114 /* Only warn if there is at least one declarator with an initializer.
5115 * This typically occurs in switch statements. */
5116 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
5117 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
5118 entity_t const *const last = decl->declarations_end;
5120 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
5121 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
5122 ent->variable.initializer != NULL) {
5123 goto warn_unreachable;
5133 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5134 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
5135 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "statement is unreachable");
5141 static bool is_main(entity_t *entity)
5143 static symbol_t *sym_main = NULL;
5144 if (sym_main == NULL) {
5145 sym_main = symbol_table_insert("main");
5148 if (entity->base.symbol != sym_main)
5150 /* must be in outermost scope */
5151 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)
5157 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t*);
5159 static void parse_external_declaration(void)
5161 /* function-definitions and declarations both start with declaration
5163 add_anchor_token(';');
5164 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5165 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5166 rem_anchor_token(';');
5168 /* must be a declaration */
5169 if (token.kind == ';') {
5170 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
5174 add_anchor_token(',');
5175 add_anchor_token('=');
5176 add_anchor_token(';');
5177 add_anchor_token('{');
5179 /* declarator is common to both function-definitions and declarations */
5180 entity_t *ndeclaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
5182 rem_anchor_token('{');
5183 rem_anchor_token(';');
5184 rem_anchor_token('=');
5185 rem_anchor_token(',');
5187 /* must be a declaration */
5188 switch (token.kind) {
5192 parse_declaration_rest(ndeclaration, &specifiers, record_entity,
5197 /* must be a function definition */
5198 parse_kr_declaration_list(ndeclaration);
5200 if (token.kind != '{') {
5201 parse_error_expected("while parsing function definition", '{', NULL);
5202 eat_until_matching_token(';');
5206 assert(is_declaration(ndeclaration));
5207 type_t *const orig_type = ndeclaration->declaration.type;
5208 type_t * type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5210 if (!is_type_function(type)) {
5211 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
5212 errorf(HERE, "declarator '%#N' has a body but is not a function type", ndeclaration);
5218 source_position_t const *const pos = &ndeclaration->base.source_position;
5219 if (is_typeref(orig_type)) {
5221 errorf(pos, "type of function definition '%#N' is a typedef", ndeclaration);
5224 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(type->function.return_type))) {
5225 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "'%N' returns an aggregate", ndeclaration);
5227 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters) {
5228 warningf(WARN_OLD_STYLE_DEFINITION, pos, "old-style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5230 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects ISO C style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5233 /* §6.7.5.3:14 a function definition with () means no
5234 * parameters (and not unspecified parameters) */
5235 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
5236 type->function.parameters == NULL) {
5237 type_t *copy = duplicate_type(type);
5238 copy->function.unspecified_parameters = false;
5239 type = identify_new_type(copy);
5241 ndeclaration->declaration.type = type;
5244 entity_t *const entity = record_entity(ndeclaration, true);
5245 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5246 assert(ndeclaration->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5248 function_t *const function = &entity->function;
5249 if (ndeclaration != entity) {
5250 function->parameters = ndeclaration->function.parameters;
5253 PUSH_SCOPE(&function->parameters);
5255 entity_t *parameter = function->parameters.entities;
5256 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
5257 if (parameter->base.parent_scope == &ndeclaration->function.parameters) {
5258 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5260 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL
5261 || parameter->base.parent_scope == current_scope);
5262 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5263 if (parameter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5264 errorf(¶meter->base.source_position, "parameter name omitted");
5267 environment_push(parameter);
5270 if (function->body != NULL) {
5271 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
5274 /* parse function body */
5275 int label_stack_top = label_top();
5276 function_t *old_current_function = current_function;
5277 current_function = function;
5278 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
5282 goto_anchor = &goto_first;
5284 label_anchor = &label_first;
5286 statement_t *const body = parse_compound_statement(false);
5287 function->body = body;
5290 check_declarations();
5291 if (is_warn_on(WARN_RETURN_TYPE) ||
5292 is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE) ||
5293 (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN) && !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN))) {
5294 noreturn_candidate = true;
5295 check_reachable(body);
5296 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE))
5297 walk_statements(body, check_unreachable, NULL);
5298 if (noreturn_candidate &&
5299 !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)) {
5300 source_position_t const *const pos = &body->base.source_position;
5301 warningf(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN, pos, "function '%#N' is candidate for attribute 'noreturn'", entity);
5305 if (is_main(entity)) {
5306 /* Force main to C linkage. */
5307 type_t *const type = entity->declaration.type;
5308 assert(is_type_function(type));
5309 if (type->function.linkage != LINKAGE_C) {
5310 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
5311 new_type->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5312 entity->declaration.type = identify_new_type(new_type);
5315 if (enable_main_collect2_hack)
5316 prepare_main_collect2(entity);
5319 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
5321 assert(current_function == function);
5322 current_function = old_current_function;
5323 label_pop_to(label_stack_top);
5329 static entity_t *find_compound_entry(compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5331 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5332 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5333 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5336 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
5338 } else if (iter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5339 /* search in anonymous structs and unions */
5340 type_t *type = skip_typeref(iter->declaration.type);
5341 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
5342 if (find_compound_entry(type->compound.compound, symbol)
5353 static void check_deprecated(const source_position_t *source_position,
5354 const entity_t *entity)
5356 if (!is_declaration(entity))
5358 if ((entity->declaration.modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) == 0)
5361 source_position_t const *const epos = &entity->base.source_position;
5362 char const *const msg = get_deprecated_string(entity->declaration.attributes);
5364 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P): \"%s\"", entity, epos, msg);
5366 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P)", entity, epos);
5371 static expression_t *create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5373 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5376 assert(entry->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5378 check_deprecated(pos, entry);
5380 expression_t *select = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_SELECT);
5381 select->select.compound = addr;
5382 select->select.compound_entry = entry;
5384 type_t *entry_type = entry->declaration.type;
5385 type_t *res_type = get_qualified_type(entry_type, qualifiers);
5387 /* bitfields need special treatment */
5388 if (entry->compound_member.bitfield) {
5389 unsigned bit_size = entry->compound_member.bit_size;
5390 /* if fewer bits than an int, convert to int (see §6.3.1.1) */
5391 if (bit_size < get_atomic_type_size(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT) * BITS_PER_BYTE) {
5392 res_type = type_int;
5396 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
5397 * code to revert this! */
5398 select->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
5405 * Find entry with symbol in compound. Search anonymous structs and unions and
5406 * creates implicit select expressions for them.
5407 * Returns the adress for the innermost compound.
5409 static expression_t *find_create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5411 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5412 compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5414 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5415 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5416 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5419 symbol_t *iter_symbol = iter->base.symbol;
5420 if (iter_symbol == NULL) {
5421 type_t *type = iter->declaration.type;
5422 if (!is_type_compound(type))
5425 compound_t *sub_compound = type->compound.compound;
5427 if (find_compound_entry(sub_compound, symbol) == NULL)
5430 expression_t *sub_addr = create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5431 sub_addr->base.source_position = *pos;
5432 sub_addr->base.implicit = true;
5433 return find_create_select(pos, sub_addr, qualifiers, sub_compound,
5437 if (iter_symbol == symbol) {
5438 return create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5445 static void parse_bitfield_member(entity_t *entity)
5449 expression_t *size = parse_constant_expression();
5452 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5453 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5454 if (!is_type_integer(skip_typeref(type))) {
5455 errorf(HERE, "bitfield base type '%T' is not an integer type",
5459 if (is_constant_expression(size) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
5460 /* error already reported by parse_constant_expression */
5461 size_long = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5463 size_long = fold_constant_to_int(size);
5465 const symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5466 const symbol_t *user_symbol
5467 = symbol == NULL ? sym_anonymous : symbol;
5468 unsigned bit_size = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5469 if (size_long < 0) {
5470 errorf(HERE, "negative width in bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5471 } else if (size_long == 0 && symbol != NULL) {
5472 errorf(HERE, "zero width for bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5473 } else if (bit_size > 0 && (unsigned)size_long > bit_size) {
5474 errorf(HERE, "width of bitfield '%Y' exceeds its type",
5477 /* hope that people don't invent crazy types with more bits
5478 * than our struct can hold */
5480 (1 << sizeof(entity->compound_member.bit_size)*8));
5484 entity->compound_member.bitfield = true;
5485 entity->compound_member.bit_size = (unsigned char)size_long;
5488 static void parse_compound_declarators(compound_t *compound,
5489 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
5491 add_anchor_token(';');
5492 add_anchor_token(',');
5496 if (token.kind == ':') {
5497 /* anonymous bitfield */
5498 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
5499 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, NULL, HERE);
5500 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5501 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5502 entity->declaration.type = type;
5504 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5506 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5507 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
5508 while (*anchor != NULL)
5509 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
5510 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
5511 if (attributes != NULL) {
5512 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5514 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
5516 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5518 entity = parse_declarator(specifiers,
5519 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5520 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
5521 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
5522 errorf(pos, "typedef not allowed as compound member");
5524 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5526 /* make sure we don't define a symbol multiple times */
5527 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5528 if (symbol != NULL) {
5529 entity_t *prev = find_compound_entry(compound, symbol);
5531 source_position_t const *const ppos = &prev->base.source_position;
5532 errorf(pos, "multiple declarations of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
5536 if (token.kind == ':') {
5537 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5539 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5540 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5542 type_t *orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
5543 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5544 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5545 errorf(pos, "'%N' must not have function type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5546 } else if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
5547 /* §6.7.2.1:16 flexible array member */
5548 if (!is_type_array(type) ||
5549 token.kind != ';' ||
5550 look_ahead(1)->kind != '}') {
5551 errorf(pos, "'%N' has incomplete type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5552 } else if (compound->members.entities == NULL) {
5553 errorf(pos, "flexible array member in otherwise empty struct");
5558 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5561 } while (next_if(','));
5562 rem_anchor_token(',');
5563 rem_anchor_token(';');
5566 anonymous_entity = NULL;
5569 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound)
5572 add_anchor_token('}');
5575 switch (token.kind) {
5577 case T___extension__:
5578 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
5580 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5581 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5582 parse_compound_declarators(compound, &specifiers);
5588 rem_anchor_token('}');
5591 compound->complete = true;
5597 static type_t *parse_typename(void)
5599 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5600 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5601 if (specifiers.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE
5602 || specifiers.thread_local) {
5603 /* TODO: improve error message, user does probably not know what a
5604 * storage class is...
5606 errorf(&specifiers.source_position, "typename must not have a storage class");
5609 type_t *result = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
5617 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_function)(void);
5618 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_infix_function)(expression_t *left);
5620 typedef struct expression_parser_function_t expression_parser_function_t;
5621 struct expression_parser_function_t {
5622 parse_expression_function parser;
5623 precedence_t infix_precedence;
5624 parse_expression_infix_function infix_parser;
5627 static expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
5629 static type_t *get_string_type(string_encoding_t const enc)
5631 bool const warn = is_warn_on(WARN_WRITE_STRINGS);
5633 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR: return warn ? type_const_char_ptr : type_char_ptr;
5634 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE: return warn ? type_const_wchar_t_ptr : type_wchar_t_ptr;
5636 panic("invalid string encoding");
5640 * Parse a string constant.
5642 static expression_t *parse_string_literal(void)
5644 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STRING_LITERAL);
5645 expr->string_literal.value = concat_string_literals();
5646 expr->base.type = get_string_type(expr->string_literal.value.encoding);
5651 * Parse a boolean constant.
5653 static expression_t *parse_boolean_literal(bool value)
5655 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN);
5656 literal->base.type = type_bool;
5657 literal->literal.value.begin = value ? "true" : "false";
5658 literal->literal.value.size = value ? 4 : 5;
5660 eat(value ? T_true : T_false);
5664 static void warn_traditional_suffix(char const *const suffix)
5666 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects the '%s' suffix", suffix);
5669 static void check_integer_suffix(expression_t *const expr, char const *const suffix)
5671 unsigned spec = SPECIFIER_NONE;
5672 char const *c = suffix;
5675 if (*c == 'L' || *c == 'l') {
5676 add = SPECIFIER_LONG;
5678 add |= SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG;
5681 } else if (*c == 'U' || *c == 'u') {
5682 add = SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED;
5695 case SPECIFIER_NONE: type = type_int; break;
5696 case SPECIFIER_LONG: type = type_long; break;
5697 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG: type = type_long_long; break;
5698 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED: type = type_unsigned_int; break;
5699 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG: type = type_unsigned_long; break;
5700 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG: type = type_unsigned_long_long; break;
5701 default: panic("inconsistent suffix");
5703 if (spec != SPECIFIER_NONE && spec != SPECIFIER_LONG) {
5704 warn_traditional_suffix(suffix);
5706 expr->base.type = type;
5707 /* Integer type depends on the size of the number and the size
5708 * representable by the types. The backend/codegeneration has to
5709 * determine that. */
5710 determine_literal_type(&expr->literal);
5713 errorf(HERE, "invalid suffix '%s' on integer constant", suffix);
5717 static void check_floatingpoint_suffix(expression_t *const expr, char const *const suffix)
5720 char const *c = suffix;
5723 case 'f': type = type_float; ++c; break;
5725 case 'l': type = type_long_double; ++c; break;
5726 default: type = type_double; break;
5730 expr->base.type = type;
5731 if (suffix[0] != '\0') {
5732 warn_traditional_suffix(suffix);
5735 errorf(HERE, "invalid suffix '%s' on floatingpoint constant", suffix);
5739 static expression_t *parse_number_literal(void)
5741 string_t const *const str = &token.literal.string;
5742 char const * i = str->begin;
5743 unsigned digits = 0;
5744 bool is_float = false;
5746 /* Parse base prefix. */
5750 case 'B': case 'b': base = 2; ++i; break;
5751 case 'X': case 'x': base = 16; ++i; break;
5752 default: base = 8; digits |= 1U << 0; break;
5758 /* Parse mantissa. */
5764 errorf(HERE, "multiple decimal points in %K", &token);
5773 case '0': digit = 0; break;
5774 case '1': digit = 1; break;
5775 case '2': digit = 2; break;
5776 case '3': digit = 3; break;
5777 case '4': digit = 4; break;
5778 case '5': digit = 5; break;
5779 case '6': digit = 6; break;
5780 case '7': digit = 7; break;
5781 case '8': digit = 8; break;
5782 case '9': digit = 9; break;
5783 case 'A': case 'a': digit = 10; break;
5784 case 'B': case 'b': digit = 11; break;
5785 case 'C': case 'c': digit = 12; break;
5786 case 'D': case 'd': digit = 13; break;
5787 case 'E': case 'e': digit = 14; break;
5788 case 'F': case 'f': digit = 15; break;
5790 default: goto done_mantissa;
5793 if (digit >= 10 && base != 16)
5796 digits |= 1U << digit;
5800 /* Parse exponent. */
5804 errorf(HERE, "binary floating %K not allowed", &token);
5809 if (*i == 'E' || *i == 'e') {
5811 goto parse_exponent;
5816 if (*i == 'P' || *i == 'p') {
5821 if (*i == '-' || *i == '+')
5827 } while (isdigit(*i));
5829 errorf(HERE, "exponent of %K has no digits", &token);
5831 } else if (is_float) {
5832 errorf(HERE, "hexadecimal floating %K requires an exponent", &token);
5838 panic("invalid base");
5842 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(is_float ? EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT : EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER);
5843 expr->literal.value = *str;
5847 errorf(HERE, "%K has no digits", &token);
5848 } else if (digits & ~((1U << base) - 1)) {
5849 errorf(HERE, "invalid digit in %K", &token);
5851 expr->literal.suffix = i;
5853 check_floatingpoint_suffix(expr, i);
5855 check_integer_suffix(expr, i);
5865 * Parse a character constant.
5867 static expression_t *parse_character_constant(void)
5869 expression_t *const literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER);
5870 literal->string_literal.value = token.literal.string;
5872 size_t const size = get_string_len(&token.literal.string);
5873 switch (token.literal.string.encoding) {
5874 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR:
5875 literal->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_char : type_int;
5877 if (!GNU_MODE && !(c_mode & _C99)) {
5878 errorf(HERE, "more than 1 character in character constant");
5880 literal->base.type = type_int;
5881 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5886 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE:
5887 literal->base.type = type_int;
5889 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5894 eat(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
5898 static entity_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol, source_position_t const *const pos)
5900 type_t *ntype = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
5901 ntype->function.return_type = type_int;
5902 ntype->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
5903 ntype->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5904 type_t *type = identify_new_type(ntype);
5906 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, pos);
5907 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5908 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5909 entity->declaration.type = type;
5910 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
5912 if (current_scope != NULL)
5913 record_entity(entity, false);
5919 * Performs automatic type cast as described in §6.3.2.1.
5921 * @param orig_type the original type
5923 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type)
5925 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5926 if (is_type_array(type)) {
5927 array_type_t *array_type = &type->array;
5928 type_t *element_type = array_type->element_type;
5929 unsigned qualifiers = array_type->base.qualifiers;
5931 return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
5934 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5935 return make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5942 * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
5943 * to function-pointer types as defined §6.3.2.1
5945 type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
5947 switch (expression->kind) {
5948 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
5949 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
5950 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
5951 return entity->declaration.type;
5952 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
5953 return entity->enum_value.enum_type;
5955 panic("no declaration or enum in reference");
5960 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
5961 assert(is_declaration(entity));
5962 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5963 return get_qualified_type(type, expression->base.type->base.qualifiers);
5966 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
5967 const expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
5968 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
5969 if (!is_type_pointer(type))
5970 return type_error_type;
5971 return type->pointer.points_to;
5974 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
5975 const expression_t *array_ref = expression->array_access.array_ref;
5976 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(array_ref->base.type);
5977 if (!is_type_pointer(type_left))
5978 return type_error_type;
5979 return type_left->pointer.points_to;
5982 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: {
5983 size_t const size = get_string_len(&expression->string_literal.value) + 1;
5984 type_t *const elem = get_unqualified_type(expression->base.type->pointer.points_to);
5985 return make_array_type(elem, size, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5988 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
5989 return expression->compound_literal.type;
5994 return expression->base.type;
5998 * Find an entity matching a symbol in a scope.
5999 * Uses current scope if scope is NULL
6001 static entity_t *lookup_entity(const scope_t *scope, symbol_t *symbol,
6002 namespace_tag_t namespc)
6004 if (scope == NULL) {
6005 return get_entity(symbol, namespc);
6008 /* we should optimize here, if scope grows above a certain size we should
6009 construct a hashmap here... */
6010 entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
6011 for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
6012 if (entity->base.symbol == symbol
6013 && (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
6020 static entity_t *parse_qualified_identifier(void)
6022 /* namespace containing the symbol */
6024 source_position_t pos;
6025 const scope_t *lookup_scope = NULL;
6027 if (next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
6028 lookup_scope = &unit->scope;
6032 symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing identifier", &pos);
6034 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6037 entity = lookup_entity(lookup_scope, symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
6039 if (!next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
6042 switch (entity->kind) {
6043 case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
6044 lookup_scope = &entity->namespacee.members;
6049 lookup_scope = &entity->compound.members;
6052 errorf(&pos, "'%Y' must be a namespace, class, struct or union (but is a %s)",
6053 symbol, get_entity_kind_name(entity->kind));
6055 /* skip further qualifications */
6056 while (next_if(T_IDENTIFIER) && next_if(T_COLONCOLON)) {}
6058 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6062 if (entity == NULL) {
6063 if (!strict_mode && token.kind == '(') {
6064 /* an implicitly declared function */
6065 entity = create_implicit_function(symbol, &pos);
6066 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_FUNCTION_DECLARATION, &pos, "implicit declaration of '%N'", entity);
6068 errorf(&pos, "unknown identifier '%Y' found.", symbol);
6069 entity = create_error_entity(symbol, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6076 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
6078 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6079 entity_t *const entity = parse_qualified_identifier();
6082 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6083 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
6084 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
6085 orig_type = entity->enum_value.enum_type;
6087 panic("expected declaration or enum value in reference");
6090 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
6091 * code to revert this! */
6092 type_t *type = automatic_type_conversion(orig_type);
6094 expression_kind_t kind = EXPR_REFERENCE;
6095 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
6096 kind = EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT;
6098 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6099 expression->base.source_position = pos;
6100 expression->base.type = type;
6101 expression->reference.entity = entity;
6103 /* this declaration is used */
6104 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6105 entity->declaration.used = true;
6108 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope
6109 && (current_function != NULL
6110 && entity->base.parent_scope->depth < current_function->parameters.depth)
6111 && (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE || entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER)) {
6112 /* access of a variable from an outer function */
6113 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
6114 current_function->need_closure = true;
6117 check_deprecated(&pos, entity);
6122 static bool semantic_cast(expression_t *cast)
6124 expression_t *expression = cast->unary.value;
6125 type_t *orig_dest_type = cast->base.type;
6126 type_t *orig_type_right = expression->base.type;
6127 type_t const *dst_type = skip_typeref(orig_dest_type);
6128 type_t const *src_type = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6129 source_position_t const *pos = &cast->base.source_position;
6131 /* §6.5.4 A (void) cast is explicitly permitted, more for documentation than for utility. */
6132 if (is_type_void(dst_type))
6135 /* only integer and pointer can be casted to pointer */
6136 if (is_type_pointer(dst_type) &&
6137 !is_type_pointer(src_type) &&
6138 !is_type_integer(src_type) &&
6139 is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6140 errorf(pos, "cannot convert type '%T' to a pointer type", orig_type_right);
6144 if (!is_type_scalar(dst_type) && is_type_valid(dst_type)) {
6145 errorf(pos, "conversion to non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_dest_type);
6149 if (!is_type_scalar(src_type) && is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6150 errorf(pos, "conversion from non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_type_right);
6154 if (is_type_pointer(src_type) && is_type_pointer(dst_type)) {
6155 type_t *src = skip_typeref(src_type->pointer.points_to);
6156 type_t *dst = skip_typeref(dst_type->pointer.points_to);
6157 unsigned missing_qualifiers =
6158 src->base.qualifiers & ~dst->base.qualifiers;
6159 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
6160 warningf(WARN_CAST_QUAL, pos, "cast discards qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type of '%T'", missing_qualifiers, orig_type_right);
6166 static expression_t *parse_compound_literal(source_position_t const *const pos, type_t *type)
6168 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL);
6169 expression->base.source_position = *pos;
6171 parse_initializer_env_t env;
6174 env.must_be_constant = false;
6175 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
6178 expression->compound_literal.initializer = initializer;
6179 expression->compound_literal.type = type;
6180 expression->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
6186 * Parse a cast expression.
6188 static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
6190 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6193 add_anchor_token(')');
6195 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6197 rem_anchor_token(')');
6200 if (token.kind == '{') {
6201 return parse_compound_literal(&pos, type);
6204 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
6205 cast->base.source_position = pos;
6207 expression_t *value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
6208 cast->base.type = type;
6209 cast->unary.value = value;
6211 if (! semantic_cast(cast)) {
6212 /* TODO: record the error in the AST. else it is impossible to detect it */
6219 * Parse a statement expression.
6221 static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
6223 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STATEMENT);
6226 add_anchor_token(')');
6228 statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement(true);
6229 statement->compound.stmt_expr = true;
6230 expression->statement.statement = statement;
6232 /* find last statement and use its type */
6233 type_t *type = type_void;
6234 const statement_t *stmt = statement->compound.statements;
6236 while (stmt->base.next != NULL)
6237 stmt = stmt->base.next;
6239 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
6240 type = stmt->expression.expression->base.type;
6243 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
6244 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty statement expression ({})");
6246 expression->base.type = type;
6248 rem_anchor_token(')');
6254 * Parse a parenthesized expression.
6256 static expression_t *parse_parenthesized_expression(void)
6258 token_t const* const la1 = look_ahead(1);
6259 switch (la1->kind) {
6261 /* gcc extension: a statement expression */
6262 return parse_statement_expression();
6265 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
6267 return parse_cast();
6272 add_anchor_token(')');
6273 expression_t *result = parse_expression();
6274 result->base.parenthesized = true;
6275 rem_anchor_token(')');
6281 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(funcname_kind_t const kind)
6283 if (current_function == NULL) {
6284 errorf(HERE, "'%K' used outside of a function", &token);
6287 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6288 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6289 expression->funcname.kind = kind;
6296 static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
6298 designator_t *const result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6299 result->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &result->source_position);
6300 if (!result->symbol)
6303 designator_t *last_designator = result;
6306 designator_t *const designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6307 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &designator->source_position);
6308 if (!designator->symbol)
6311 last_designator->next = designator;
6312 last_designator = designator;
6316 add_anchor_token(']');
6317 designator_t *designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6318 designator->source_position = *HERE;
6319 designator->array_index = parse_expression();
6320 rem_anchor_token(']');
6322 if (designator->array_index == NULL) {
6326 last_designator->next = designator;
6327 last_designator = designator;
6337 * Parse the __builtin_offsetof() expression.
6339 static expression_t *parse_offsetof(void)
6341 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_OFFSETOF);
6342 expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6344 eat(T___builtin_offsetof);
6346 add_anchor_token(')');
6347 add_anchor_token(',');
6349 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6350 rem_anchor_token(',');
6352 designator_t *designator = parse_designator();
6353 rem_anchor_token(')');
6356 expression->offsetofe.type = type;
6357 expression->offsetofe.designator = designator;
6360 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
6361 path.top_type = type;
6362 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
6364 descend_into_subtype(&path);
6366 if (!walk_designator(&path, designator, true)) {
6367 return create_error_expression();
6370 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
6375 static bool is_last_parameter(expression_t *const param)
6377 if (param->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
6378 entity_t *const entity = param->reference.entity;
6379 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
6380 !entity->base.next &&
6381 entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters) {
6386 if (!is_type_valid(skip_typeref(param->base.type)))
6393 * Parses a __builtin_va_start() expression.
6395 static expression_t *parse_va_start(void)
6397 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_START);
6399 eat(T___builtin_va_start);
6401 add_anchor_token(')');
6402 add_anchor_token(',');
6404 expression->va_starte.ap = parse_assignment_expression();
6405 rem_anchor_token(',');
6407 expression_t *const param = parse_assignment_expression();
6408 expression->va_starte.parameter = param;
6409 rem_anchor_token(')');
6412 if (!current_function) {
6413 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used outside of function");
6414 } else if (!current_function->base.type->function.variadic) {
6415 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used in non-variadic function");
6416 } else if (!is_last_parameter(param)) {
6417 errorf(¶m->base.source_position, "second argument of 'va_start' must be last parameter of the current function");
6424 * Parses a __builtin_va_arg() expression.
6426 static expression_t *parse_va_arg(void)
6428 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_ARG);
6430 eat(T___builtin_va_arg);
6432 add_anchor_token(')');
6433 add_anchor_token(',');
6436 ap.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6437 expression->va_arge.ap = ap.expression;
6438 check_call_argument(type_valist, &ap, 1);
6440 rem_anchor_token(',');
6442 expression->base.type = parse_typename();
6443 rem_anchor_token(')');
6450 * Parses a __builtin_va_copy() expression.
6452 static expression_t *parse_va_copy(void)
6454 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_COPY);
6456 eat(T___builtin_va_copy);
6458 add_anchor_token(')');
6459 add_anchor_token(',');
6461 expression_t *dst = parse_assignment_expression();
6462 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type_valist, dst);
6463 report_assign_error(error, type_valist, dst, "call argument 1",
6464 &dst->base.source_position);
6465 expression->va_copye.dst = dst;
6467 rem_anchor_token(',');
6470 call_argument_t src;
6471 src.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6472 check_call_argument(type_valist, &src, 2);
6473 expression->va_copye.src = src.expression;
6474 rem_anchor_token(')');
6481 * Parses a __builtin_constant_p() expression.
6483 static expression_t *parse_builtin_constant(void)
6485 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P);
6487 eat(T___builtin_constant_p);
6489 add_anchor_token(')');
6491 expression->builtin_constant.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6492 rem_anchor_token(')');
6494 expression->base.type = type_int;
6500 * Parses a __builtin_types_compatible_p() expression.
6502 static expression_t *parse_builtin_types_compatible(void)
6504 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P);
6506 eat(T___builtin_types_compatible_p);
6508 add_anchor_token(')');
6509 add_anchor_token(',');
6511 expression->builtin_types_compatible.left = parse_typename();
6512 rem_anchor_token(',');
6514 expression->builtin_types_compatible.right = parse_typename();
6515 rem_anchor_token(')');
6517 expression->base.type = type_int;
6523 * Parses a __builtin_is_*() compare expression.
6525 static expression_t *parse_compare_builtin(void)
6527 expression_kind_t kind;
6528 switch (token.kind) {
6529 case T___builtin_isgreater: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER; break;
6530 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL; break;
6531 case T___builtin_isless: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS; break;
6532 case T___builtin_islessequal: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL; break;
6533 case T___builtin_islessgreater: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER; break;
6534 case T___builtin_isunordered: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED; break;
6535 default: internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid compare builtin found");
6537 expression_t *const expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6540 add_anchor_token(')');
6541 add_anchor_token(',');
6543 expression->binary.left = parse_assignment_expression();
6544 rem_anchor_token(',');
6546 expression->binary.right = parse_assignment_expression();
6547 rem_anchor_token(')');
6550 type_t *const orig_type_left = expression->binary.left->base.type;
6551 type_t *const orig_type_right = expression->binary.right->base.type;
6553 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6554 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6555 if (!is_type_float(type_left) && !is_type_float(type_right)) {
6556 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
6557 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
6558 &expression->base.source_position, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
6561 semantic_comparison(&expression->binary);
6568 * Parses a MS assume() expression.
6570 static expression_t *parse_assume(void)
6572 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME);
6576 add_anchor_token(')');
6578 expression->unary.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6579 rem_anchor_token(')');
6582 expression->base.type = type_void;
6587 * Return the label for the current symbol or create a new one.
6589 static label_t *get_label(char const *const context)
6591 assert(current_function != NULL);
6593 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier(context, NULL);
6597 entity_t *label = get_entity(sym, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
6598 /* If we find a local label, we already created the declaration. */
6599 if (label != NULL && label->kind == ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL) {
6600 if (label->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
6601 assert(label->base.parent_scope->depth < current_scope->depth);
6602 current_function->goto_to_outer = true;
6604 } else if (label == NULL || label->base.parent_scope != ¤t_function->parameters) {
6605 /* There is no matching label in the same function, so create a new one. */
6606 source_position_t const nowhere = { NULL, 0, 0, false };
6607 label = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym, &nowhere);
6611 return &label->label;
6615 * Parses a GNU && label address expression.
6617 static expression_t *parse_label_address(void)
6619 source_position_t const source_position = *HERE;
6622 label_t *const label = get_label("while parsing label address");
6624 return create_error_expression();
6627 label->address_taken = true;
6629 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS);
6630 expression->base.source_position = source_position;
6632 /* label address is treated as a void pointer */
6633 expression->base.type = type_void_ptr;
6634 expression->label_address.label = label;
6639 * Parse a microsoft __noop expression.
6641 static expression_t *parse_noop_expression(void)
6643 /* the result is a (int)0 */
6644 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP);
6645 literal->base.type = type_int;
6646 literal->literal.value.begin = "__noop";
6647 literal->literal.value.size = 6;
6651 if (token.kind == '(') {
6652 /* parse arguments */
6654 add_anchor_token(')');
6655 add_anchor_token(',');
6657 if (token.kind != ')') do {
6658 (void)parse_assignment_expression();
6659 } while (next_if(','));
6661 rem_anchor_token(',');
6662 rem_anchor_token(')');
6670 * Parses a primary expression.
6672 static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
6674 switch (token.kind) {
6675 case T_false: return parse_boolean_literal(false);
6676 case T_true: return parse_boolean_literal(true);
6677 case T_NUMBER: return parse_number_literal();
6678 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: return parse_character_constant();
6679 case T_STRING_LITERAL: return parse_string_literal();
6680 case T___func__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCTION);
6681 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION);
6682 case T___FUNCSIG__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG);
6683 case T___FUNCDNAME__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME);
6684 case T___builtin_offsetof: return parse_offsetof();
6685 case T___builtin_va_start: return parse_va_start();
6686 case T___builtin_va_arg: return parse_va_arg();
6687 case T___builtin_va_copy: return parse_va_copy();
6688 case T___builtin_isgreater:
6689 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
6690 case T___builtin_isless:
6691 case T___builtin_islessequal:
6692 case T___builtin_islessgreater:
6693 case T___builtin_isunordered: return parse_compare_builtin();
6694 case T___builtin_constant_p: return parse_builtin_constant();
6695 case T___builtin_types_compatible_p: return parse_builtin_types_compatible();
6696 case T__assume: return parse_assume();
6699 return parse_label_address();
6702 case '(': return parse_parenthesized_expression();
6703 case T___noop: return parse_noop_expression();
6705 /* Gracefully handle type names while parsing expressions. */
6707 return parse_reference();
6709 if (!is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
6710 return parse_reference();
6714 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6715 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
6716 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
6717 type_t const *const type = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
6718 errorf(&pos, "encountered type '%T' while parsing expression", type);
6719 return create_error_expression();
6723 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K, expected an expression", &token);
6725 return create_error_expression();
6728 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(expression_t *left)
6730 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS);
6731 array_access_expression_t *const arr = &expr->array_access;
6734 add_anchor_token(']');
6736 expression_t *const inside = parse_expression();
6738 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
6739 type_t *const orig_type_inside = inside->base.type;
6741 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6742 type_t *const type_inside = skip_typeref(orig_type_inside);
6748 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
6751 idx_type = type_inside;
6752 res_type = type_left->pointer.points_to;
6754 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
6755 arr->flipped = true;
6758 idx_type = type_left;
6759 res_type = type_inside->pointer.points_to;
6761 res_type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
6762 if (!is_type_integer(idx_type)) {
6763 errorf(&idx->base.source_position, "array subscript must have integer type");
6764 } else if (is_type_atomic(idx_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR)) {
6765 source_position_t const *const pos = &idx->base.source_position;
6766 warningf(WARN_CHAR_SUBSCRIPTS, pos, "array subscript has char type");
6769 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_inside)) {
6770 errorf(&expr->base.source_position, "invalid types '%T[%T]' for array access", orig_type_left, orig_type_inside);
6772 res_type = type_error_type;
6777 arr->array_ref = ref;
6779 arr->base.type = res_type;
6781 rem_anchor_token(']');
6786 static bool is_bitfield(const expression_t *expression)
6788 return expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT
6789 && expression->select.compound_entry->compound_member.bitfield;
6792 static expression_t *parse_typeprop(expression_kind_t const kind)
6794 expression_t *tp_expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6795 tp_expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6797 eat(kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? T_sizeof : T__Alignof);
6800 expression_t *expression;
6801 if (token.kind == '(' && is_declaration_specifier(look_ahead(1))) {
6802 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6804 add_anchor_token(')');
6805 orig_type = parse_typename();
6806 rem_anchor_token(')');
6809 if (token.kind == '{') {
6810 /* It was not sizeof(type) after all. It is sizeof of an expression
6811 * starting with a compound literal */
6812 expression = parse_compound_literal(&pos, orig_type);
6813 goto typeprop_expression;
6816 expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
6818 typeprop_expression:
6819 if (is_bitfield(expression)) {
6820 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6821 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6822 "operand of %s expression must not be a bitfield", what);
6825 tp_expression->typeprop.tp_expression = expression;
6827 orig_type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
6828 expression->base.type = orig_type;
6831 tp_expression->typeprop.type = orig_type;
6832 type_t const* const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6833 char const* wrong_type = NULL;
6834 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
6835 if (!is_type_void(type) || !GNU_MODE)
6836 wrong_type = "incomplete";
6837 } else if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
6839 /* function types are allowed (and return 1) */
6840 source_position_t const *const pos = &tp_expression->base.source_position;
6841 char const *const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6842 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s expression with function argument returns invalid result", what);
6844 wrong_type = "function";
6848 if (wrong_type != NULL) {
6849 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6850 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6851 "operand of %s expression must not be of %s type '%T'",
6852 what, wrong_type, orig_type);
6855 return tp_expression;
6858 static expression_t *parse_sizeof(void)
6860 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_SIZEOF);
6863 static expression_t *parse_alignof(void)
6865 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_ALIGNOF);
6868 static expression_t *parse_select_expression(expression_t *addr)
6870 assert(token.kind == '.' || token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6871 bool select_left_arrow = (token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6872 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6875 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing select", NULL);
6877 return create_error_expression();
6879 type_t *const orig_type = addr->base.type;
6880 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6883 bool saw_error = false;
6884 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
6885 if (!select_left_arrow) {
6887 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6891 type_left = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
6893 if (select_left_arrow && is_type_valid(type)) {
6894 errorf(&pos, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but '%T'", orig_type);
6900 if (!is_type_compound(type_left)) {
6901 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && !saw_error) {
6903 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6906 return create_error_expression();
6909 compound_t *compound = type_left->compound.compound;
6910 if (!compound->complete) {
6911 errorf(&pos, "request for member '%Y' in incomplete type '%T'",
6913 return create_error_expression();
6916 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = type_left->base.qualifiers;
6917 expression_t *result =
6918 find_create_select(&pos, addr, qualifiers, compound, symbol);
6920 if (result == NULL) {
6921 errorf(&pos, "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
6922 return create_error_expression();
6928 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
6929 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos)
6931 type_t *expected_type_skip = skip_typeref(expected_type);
6932 assign_error_t error = ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
6933 expression_t *arg_expr = argument->expression;
6934 type_t *arg_type = skip_typeref(arg_expr->base.type);
6936 /* handle transparent union gnu extension */
6937 if (is_type_union(expected_type_skip)
6938 && (get_type_modifiers(expected_type) & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION)) {
6939 compound_t *union_decl = expected_type_skip->compound.compound;
6940 type_t *best_type = NULL;
6941 entity_t *entry = union_decl->members.entities;
6942 for ( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
6943 assert(is_declaration(entry));
6944 type_t *decl_type = entry->declaration.type;
6945 error = semantic_assign(decl_type, arg_expr);
6946 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE
6947 || error == ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING)
6950 if (error == ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
6951 best_type = decl_type;
6952 } else if (best_type == NULL) {
6953 best_type = decl_type;
6957 if (best_type != NULL) {
6958 expected_type = best_type;
6962 error = semantic_assign(expected_type, arg_expr);
6963 argument->expression = create_implicit_cast(arg_expr, expected_type);
6965 if (error != ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
6966 /* report exact scope in error messages (like "in argument 3") */
6968 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "call argument %u", pos);
6969 report_assign_error(error, expected_type, arg_expr, buf,
6970 &arg_expr->base.source_position);
6972 type_t *const promoted_type = get_default_promoted_type(arg_type);
6973 if (!types_compatible(expected_type_skip, promoted_type) &&
6974 !types_compatible(expected_type_skip, type_void_ptr) &&
6975 !types_compatible(type_void_ptr, promoted_type)) {
6976 /* Deliberately show the skipped types in this warning */
6977 source_position_t const *const apos = &arg_expr->base.source_position;
6978 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, apos, "passing call argument %u as '%T' rather than '%T' due to prototype", pos, expected_type_skip, promoted_type);
6984 * Handle the semantic restrictions of builtin calls
6986 static void handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call_expression_t *call)
6988 entity_t *entity = call->function->reference.entity;
6989 switch (entity->function.btk) {
6991 switch (entity->function.b.firm_builtin_kind) {
6992 case ir_bk_return_address:
6993 case ir_bk_frame_address: {
6994 /* argument must be constant */
6995 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
6997 if (is_constant_expression(argument->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6998 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6999 "argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7000 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7004 case ir_bk_prefetch:
7005 /* second and third argument must be constant if existent */
7006 if (call->arguments == NULL)
7008 call_argument_t *rw = call->arguments->next;
7009 call_argument_t *locality = NULL;
7012 if (is_constant_expression(rw->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7013 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7014 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7015 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7017 locality = rw->next;
7019 if (locality != NULL) {
7020 if (is_constant_expression(locality->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7021 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7022 "third argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7023 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7031 case BUILTIN_OBJECT_SIZE:
7032 if (call->arguments == NULL)
7035 call_argument_t *arg = call->arguments->next;
7036 if (arg != NULL && is_constant_expression(arg->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7037 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7038 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7039 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7048 * Parse a call expression, ie. expression '( ... )'.
7050 * @param expression the function address
7052 static expression_t *parse_call_expression(expression_t *expression)
7054 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
7055 call_expression_t *call = &result->call;
7056 call->function = expression;
7058 type_t *const orig_type = expression->base.type;
7059 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7061 function_type_t *function_type = NULL;
7062 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7063 type_t *const to_type = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7065 if (is_type_function(to_type)) {
7066 function_type = &to_type->function;
7067 call->base.type = function_type->return_type;
7071 if (function_type == NULL && is_type_valid(type)) {
7073 "called object '%E' (type '%T') is not a pointer to a function",
7074 expression, orig_type);
7077 /* parse arguments */
7079 add_anchor_token(')');
7080 add_anchor_token(',');
7082 if (token.kind != ')') {
7083 call_argument_t **anchor = &call->arguments;
7085 call_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
7086 argument->expression = parse_assignment_expression();
7089 anchor = &argument->next;
7090 } while (next_if(','));
7092 rem_anchor_token(',');
7093 rem_anchor_token(')');
7096 if (function_type == NULL)
7099 /* check type and count of call arguments */
7100 function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
7101 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
7102 if (!function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
7103 for (unsigned pos = 0; parameter != NULL && argument != NULL;
7104 parameter = parameter->next, argument = argument->next) {
7105 check_call_argument(parameter->type, argument, ++pos);
7108 if (parameter != NULL) {
7109 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "too few arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7110 } else if (argument != NULL && !function_type->variadic) {
7111 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position, "too many arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7115 /* do default promotion for other arguments */
7116 for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
7117 type_t *argument_type = argument->expression->base.type;
7118 if (!is_type_object(skip_typeref(argument_type))) {
7119 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position,
7120 "call argument '%E' must not be void", argument->expression);
7123 argument_type = get_default_promoted_type(argument_type);
7125 argument->expression
7126 = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, argument_type);
7131 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(function_type->return_type))) {
7132 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7133 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "function call has aggregate value");
7136 if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
7137 reference_expression_t *reference = &expression->reference;
7138 if (reference->entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION &&
7139 reference->entity->function.btk != BUILTIN_NONE)
7140 handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call);
7146 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
7148 static bool same_compound_type(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
7151 is_type_compound(type1) &&
7152 type1->kind == type2->kind &&
7153 type1->compound.compound == type2->compound.compound;
7156 static expression_t const *get_reference_address(expression_t const *expr)
7158 bool regular_take_address = true;
7160 if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7161 expr = expr->unary.value;
7163 regular_take_address = false;
7166 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7169 expr = expr->unary.value;
7172 if (expr->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7175 /* special case for functions which are automatically converted to a
7176 * pointer to function without an extra TAKE_ADDRESS operation */
7177 if (!regular_take_address &&
7178 expr->reference.entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
7185 static void warn_reference_address_as_bool(expression_t const* expr)
7187 expr = get_reference_address(expr);
7189 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7190 entity_t const *const ent = expr->reference.entity;
7191 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will always evaluate as 'true'", ent);
7195 static void warn_assignment_in_condition(const expression_t *const expr)
7197 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN)
7199 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7201 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7202 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value");
7205 static void semantic_condition(expression_t const *const expr,
7206 char const *const context)
7208 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
7209 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
7210 warn_reference_address_as_bool(expr);
7211 warn_assignment_in_condition(expr);
7212 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7213 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
7214 "%s must have scalar type", context);
7219 * Parse a conditional expression, ie. 'expression ? ... : ...'.
7221 * @param expression the conditional expression
7223 static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(expression_t *expression)
7225 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONDITIONAL);
7227 conditional_expression_t *conditional = &result->conditional;
7228 conditional->condition = expression;
7231 add_anchor_token(':');
7233 /* §6.5.15:2 The first operand shall have scalar type. */
7234 semantic_condition(expression, "condition of conditional operator");
7236 expression_t *true_expression = expression;
7237 bool gnu_cond = false;
7238 if (GNU_MODE && token.kind == ':') {
7241 true_expression = parse_expression();
7243 rem_anchor_token(':');
7245 expression_t *false_expression =
7246 parse_subexpression(c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL);
7248 type_t *const orig_true_type = true_expression->base.type;
7249 type_t *const orig_false_type = false_expression->base.type;
7250 type_t *const true_type = skip_typeref(orig_true_type);
7251 type_t *const false_type = skip_typeref(orig_false_type);
7254 source_position_t const *const pos = &conditional->base.source_position;
7255 type_t *result_type;
7256 if (is_type_void(true_type) || is_type_void(false_type)) {
7257 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.16:2 */
7258 if (true_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7259 result_type = false_type;
7260 } else if (false_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7261 result_type = true_type;
7263 if (!is_type_void(true_type) || !is_type_void(false_type)) {
7264 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "ISO C forbids conditional expression with only one void side");
7266 result_type = type_void;
7268 } else if (is_type_arithmetic(true_type)
7269 && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
7270 result_type = semantic_arithmetic(true_type, false_type);
7271 } else if (same_compound_type(true_type, false_type)) {
7272 /* just take 1 of the 2 types */
7273 result_type = true_type;
7274 } else if (is_type_pointer(true_type) || is_type_pointer(false_type)) {
7275 type_t *pointer_type;
7277 expression_t *other_expression;
7278 if (is_type_pointer(true_type) &&
7279 (!is_type_pointer(false_type) || is_null_pointer_constant(false_expression))) {
7280 pointer_type = true_type;
7281 other_type = false_type;
7282 other_expression = false_expression;
7284 pointer_type = false_type;
7285 other_type = true_type;
7286 other_expression = true_expression;
7289 if (is_null_pointer_constant(other_expression)) {
7290 result_type = pointer_type;
7291 } else if (is_type_pointer(other_type)) {
7292 type_t *to1 = skip_typeref(pointer_type->pointer.points_to);
7293 type_t *to2 = skip_typeref(other_type->pointer.points_to);
7296 if (is_type_void(to1) || is_type_void(to2)) {
7298 } else if (types_compatible(get_unqualified_type(to1),
7299 get_unqualified_type(to2))) {
7302 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer types '%T' and '%T' in conditional expression are incompatible", true_type, false_type);
7306 type_t *const type =
7307 get_qualified_type(to, to1->base.qualifiers | to2->base.qualifiers);
7308 result_type = make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7309 } else if (is_type_integer(other_type)) {
7310 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer/integer type mismatch in conditional expression ('%T' and '%T')", true_type, false_type);
7311 result_type = pointer_type;
7313 goto types_incompatible;
7317 if (is_type_valid(true_type) && is_type_valid(false_type)) {
7318 type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional", pos, true_type, false_type);
7320 result_type = type_error_type;
7323 conditional->true_expression
7324 = gnu_cond ? NULL : create_implicit_cast(true_expression, result_type);
7325 conditional->false_expression
7326 = create_implicit_cast(false_expression, result_type);
7327 conditional->base.type = result_type;
7332 * Parse an extension expression.
7334 static expression_t *parse_extension(void)
7337 expression_t *expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
7343 * Parse a __builtin_classify_type() expression.
7345 static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(void)
7347 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE);
7348 result->base.type = type_int;
7350 eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
7352 add_anchor_token(')');
7354 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
7355 rem_anchor_token(')');
7357 result->classify_type.type_expression = expression;
7363 * Parse a delete expression
7364 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.3.5
7366 static expression_t *parse_delete(void)
7368 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_DELETE);
7369 result->base.type = type_void;
7374 result->kind = EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY;
7378 expression_t *const value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
7379 result->unary.value = value;
7381 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
7382 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7383 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7384 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7385 "operand of delete must have pointer type");
7387 } else if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to))) {
7388 source_position_t const *const pos = &value->base.source_position;
7389 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "deleting 'void*' is undefined");
7396 * Parse a throw expression
7397 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15:1
7399 static expression_t *parse_throw(void)
7401 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_THROW);
7402 result->base.type = type_void;
7406 expression_t *value = NULL;
7407 switch (token.kind) {
7409 value = parse_assignment_expression();
7410 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15.1:3 */
7411 type_t *const orig_type = value->base.type;
7412 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7413 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
7414 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7415 "cannot throw object of incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7416 } else if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7417 type_t *const points_to = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7418 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to) && !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7419 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7420 "cannot throw pointer to incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7428 result->unary.value = value;
7433 static bool check_pointer_arithmetic(const source_position_t *source_position,
7434 type_t *pointer_type,
7435 type_t *orig_pointer_type)
7437 type_t *points_to = pointer_type->pointer.points_to;
7438 points_to = skip_typeref(points_to);
7440 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to)) {
7441 if (!GNU_MODE || !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7442 errorf(source_position,
7443 "arithmetic with pointer to incomplete type '%T' not allowed",
7447 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer of type '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7449 } else if (is_type_function(points_to)) {
7451 errorf(source_position,
7452 "arithmetic with pointer to function type '%T' not allowed",
7456 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer to a function '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7462 static bool is_lvalue(const expression_t *expression)
7464 /* TODO: doesn't seem to be consistent with §6.3.2.1:1 */
7465 switch (expression->kind) {
7466 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
7467 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
7468 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
7470 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
7474 type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
7476 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §3.10:3 */
7477 is_type_reference(type) ||
7478 /* Claim it is an lvalue, if the type is invalid. There was a parse
7479 * error before, which maybe prevented properly recognizing it as
7481 !is_type_valid(type);
7486 static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
7488 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7489 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7490 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7491 if (!check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7495 } else if (!is_type_real(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
7496 /* TODO: improve error message */
7497 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7498 "operation needs an arithmetic or pointer type");
7501 if (!is_lvalue(expression->value)) {
7502 /* TODO: improve error message */
7503 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "lvalue required as operand");
7505 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7508 static void promote_unary_int_expr(unary_expression_t *const expr, type_t *const type)
7510 type_t *const res_type = promote_integer(type);
7511 expr->base.type = res_type;
7512 expr->value = create_implicit_cast(expr->value, res_type);
7515 static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
7517 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7518 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7519 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type)) {
7520 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7521 /* TODO: improve error message */
7522 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7523 "operation needs an arithmetic type");
7526 } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
7527 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7529 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7533 static void semantic_unexpr_plus(unary_expression_t *expression)
7535 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7536 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7537 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects the unary plus operator");
7540 static void semantic_not(unary_expression_t *expression)
7542 /* §6.5.3.3:1 The operand [...] of the ! operator, scalar type. */
7543 semantic_condition(expression->value, "operand of !");
7544 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
7547 static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
7549 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7550 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7551 if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
7552 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7553 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7554 "operand of ~ must be of integer type");
7559 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7562 static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
7564 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7565 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7566 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7567 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7568 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7569 "Unary '*' needs pointer or array type, but type '%T' given", orig_type);
7574 type_t *result_type = type->pointer.points_to;
7575 result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
7576 expression->base.type = result_type;
7580 * Record that an address is taken (expression represents an lvalue).
7582 * @param expression the expression
7583 * @param may_be_register if true, the expression might be an register
7585 static void set_address_taken(expression_t *expression, bool may_be_register)
7587 if (expression->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7590 entity_t *const entity = expression->reference.entity;
7592 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
7595 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER
7596 && !may_be_register) {
7597 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7598 errorf(pos, "address of register '%N' requested", entity);
7601 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
7605 * Check the semantic of the address taken expression.
7607 static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
7609 expression_t *value = expression->value;
7610 value->base.type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
7612 type_t *orig_type = value->base.type;
7613 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7614 if (!is_type_valid(type))
7618 if (!is_lvalue(value)) {
7619 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'&' requires an lvalue");
7621 if (is_bitfield(value)) {
7622 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7623 "'&' not allowed on bitfield");
7626 set_address_taken(value, false);
7628 expression->base.type = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7631 #define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, sfunc) \
7632 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(void) \
7634 expression_t *unary_expression \
7635 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7637 unary_expression->unary.value = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY); \
7639 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7641 return unary_expression; \
7644 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE,
7645 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
7646 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', EXPR_UNARY_PLUS,
7647 semantic_unexpr_plus)
7648 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', EXPR_UNARY_NOT,
7650 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE,
7651 semantic_dereference)
7652 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS,
7654 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE,
7655 semantic_unexpr_integer)
7656 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
7658 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
7661 #define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, \
7663 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
7665 expression_t *unary_expression \
7666 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7668 unary_expression->unary.value = left; \
7670 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7672 return unary_expression; \
7675 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,
7676 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
7678 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS,
7679 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
7682 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
7684 /* TODO: handle complex + imaginary types */
7686 type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
7687 type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
7689 /* §6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions */
7690 if (type_left == type_long_double || type_right == type_long_double) {
7691 return type_long_double;
7692 } else if (type_left == type_double || type_right == type_double) {
7694 } else if (type_left == type_float || type_right == type_float) {
7698 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7699 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7701 if (type_left == type_right)
7704 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
7705 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
7706 unsigned const rank_left = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_left));
7707 unsigned const rank_right = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_right));
7709 if (signed_left == signed_right)
7710 return rank_left >= rank_right ? type_left : type_right;
7714 atomic_type_kind_t s_akind;
7715 atomic_type_kind_t u_akind;
7720 u_type = type_right;
7722 s_type = type_right;
7725 s_akind = get_akind(s_type);
7726 u_akind = get_akind(u_type);
7727 s_rank = get_akind_rank(s_akind);
7728 u_rank = get_akind_rank(u_akind);
7730 if (u_rank >= s_rank)
7733 if (get_atomic_type_size(s_akind) > get_atomic_type_size(u_akind))
7737 case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT: return type_unsigned_int;
7738 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG: return type_unsigned_long;
7739 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG: return type_unsigned_long_long;
7741 default: panic("invalid atomic type");
7746 * Check the semantic restrictions for a binary expression.
7748 static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7750 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7751 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7752 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7753 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7754 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7755 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7757 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7758 /* TODO: improve error message */
7759 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7760 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7761 "operation needs arithmetic types");
7766 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7767 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7768 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7769 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7772 static void semantic_binexpr_integer(binary_expression_t *const expression)
7774 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7775 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7776 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7777 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7778 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7779 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7781 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7782 /* TODO: improve error message */
7783 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7784 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7785 "operation needs integer types");
7790 type_t *const result_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7791 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, result_type);
7792 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, result_type);
7793 expression->base.type = result_type;
7796 static void warn_div_by_zero(binary_expression_t const *const expression)
7798 if (!is_type_integer(expression->base.type))
7801 expression_t const *const right = expression->right;
7802 /* The type of the right operand can be different for /= */
7803 if (is_type_integer(right->base.type) &&
7804 is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT &&
7805 !fold_constant_to_bool(right)) {
7806 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7807 warningf(WARN_DIV_BY_ZERO, pos, "division by zero");
7812 * Check the semantic restrictions for a div/mod expression.
7814 static void semantic_divmod_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7816 semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7817 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
7820 static void warn_addsub_in_shift(const expression_t *const expr)
7822 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7826 switch (expr->kind) {
7827 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: op = '+'; break;
7828 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: op = '-'; break;
7832 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7833 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around '%c' inside shift", op);
7836 static bool semantic_shift(binary_expression_t *expression)
7838 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7839 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7840 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7841 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7842 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7843 type_t * type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7845 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7846 /* TODO: improve error message */
7847 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7848 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7849 "operands of shift operation must have integer types");
7854 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7856 if (is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
7857 source_position_t const *const pos = &right->base.source_position;
7858 long const count = fold_constant_to_int(right);
7860 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be non-negative");
7861 } else if ((unsigned long)count >=
7862 get_atomic_type_size(type_left->atomic.akind) * 8) {
7863 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be less than type width");
7867 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7868 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_right);
7873 static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
7875 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7876 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7878 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
7881 warn_addsub_in_shift(left);
7882 warn_addsub_in_shift(right);
7884 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7885 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7887 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7888 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_left);
7889 expression->base.type = type_left;
7892 static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
7894 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7895 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7896 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7897 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7898 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7899 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7902 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7903 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7904 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7905 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7906 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7907 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7908 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7909 type_left, orig_type_left);
7910 expression->base.type = type_left;
7911 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
7912 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7913 type_right, orig_type_right);
7914 expression->base.type = type_right;
7915 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7916 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7917 "invalid operands to binary + ('%T', '%T')",
7918 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7922 static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
7924 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7925 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7926 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7927 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7928 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7929 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7930 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7933 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7934 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7935 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7936 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7937 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7938 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7939 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7940 type_left, orig_type_left);
7941 expression->base.type = type_left;
7942 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
7943 type_t *const unqual_left = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to));
7944 type_t *const unqual_right = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to));
7945 if (!types_compatible(unqual_left, unqual_right)) {
7947 "subtracting pointers to incompatible types '%T' and '%T'",
7948 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7949 } else if (!is_type_object(unqual_left)) {
7950 if (!is_type_void(unqual_left)) {
7951 errorf(pos, "subtracting pointers to non-object types '%T'",
7954 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "subtracting pointers to void");
7957 expression->base.type = type_ptrdiff_t;
7958 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7959 errorf(pos, "invalid operands of types '%T' and '%T' to binary '-'",
7960 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7964 static void warn_string_literal_address(expression_t const* expr)
7966 while (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7967 expr = expr->unary.value;
7968 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7970 expr = expr->unary.value;
7973 if (expr->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
7974 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7975 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "comparison with string literal results in unspecified behaviour");
7979 static bool maybe_negative(expression_t const *const expr)
7981 switch (is_constant_expression(expr)) {
7982 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return false;
7983 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return constant_is_negative(expr);
7984 default: return true;
7988 static void warn_comparison(source_position_t const *const pos, expression_t const *const expr, expression_t const *const other)
7990 warn_string_literal_address(expr);
7992 expression_t const* const ref = get_reference_address(expr);
7993 if (ref != NULL && is_null_pointer_constant(other)) {
7994 entity_t const *const ent = ref->reference.entity;
7995 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will never be NULL", ent);
7998 if (!expr->base.parenthesized) {
7999 switch (expr->base.kind) {
8000 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
8001 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
8002 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
8003 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
8004 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
8005 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
8006 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "comparisons like 'x <= y < z' do not have their mathematical meaning");
8015 * Check the semantics of comparison expressions.
8017 * @param expression The expression to check.
8019 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
8021 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
8022 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8023 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
8025 warn_comparison(pos, left, right);
8026 warn_comparison(pos, right, left);
8028 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8029 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8030 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8031 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8033 /* TODO non-arithmetic types */
8034 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8035 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8037 /* test for signed vs unsigned compares */
8038 if (is_type_integer(arithmetic_type)) {
8039 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
8040 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
8041 if (signed_left != signed_right) {
8042 /* FIXME long long needs better const folding magic */
8043 /* TODO check whether constant value can be represented by other type */
8044 if ((signed_left && maybe_negative(left)) ||
8045 (signed_right && maybe_negative(right))) {
8046 warningf(WARN_SIGN_COMPARE, pos, "comparison between signed and unsigned");
8051 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
8052 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8053 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
8054 if ((expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL ||
8055 expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL) &&
8056 is_type_float(arithmetic_type)) {
8057 warningf(WARN_FLOAT_EQUAL, pos, "comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe");
8059 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8060 /* TODO check compatibility */
8061 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
8062 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_left);
8063 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8064 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
8065 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8066 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison", pos, type_left, type_right);
8068 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8072 * Checks if a compound type has constant fields.
8074 static bool has_const_fields(const compound_type_t *type)
8076 compound_t *compound = type->compound;
8077 entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
8079 for (; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
8080 if (!is_declaration(entry))
8083 const type_t *decl_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
8084 if (decl_type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST)
8091 static bool is_valid_assignment_lhs(expression_t const* const left)
8093 type_t *const orig_type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
8094 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8096 if (!is_lvalue(left)) {
8097 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left hand side '%E' of assignment is not an lvalue",
8102 if (left->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE
8103 && left->reference.entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
8104 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to function '%E'", left);
8108 if (is_type_array(type_left)) {
8109 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to array '%E'", left);
8112 if (type_left->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
8113 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "assignment to read-only location '%E' (type '%T')", left,
8117 if (is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
8118 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left-hand side '%E' of assignment has incomplete type '%T'",
8119 left, orig_type_left);
8122 if (is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(&type_left->compound)) {
8123 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to '%E' because compound type '%T' has read-only fields",
8124 left, orig_type_left);
8131 static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8133 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8134 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8135 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8136 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8138 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8141 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8142 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8144 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8145 /* TODO: improve error message */
8146 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8147 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8148 "operation needs arithmetic types");
8153 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8154 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8155 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8156 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8157 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8158 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8159 expression->base.type = type_left;
8162 static void semantic_divmod_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8164 semantic_arithmetic_assign(expression);
8165 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
8168 static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8170 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8171 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
8172 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8173 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8174 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8175 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8177 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8180 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8181 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8182 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8183 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8184 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8185 type_t *const arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8186 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8187 expression->base.type = type_left;
8188 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8189 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
8190 type_left, orig_type_left);
8191 expression->base.type = type_left;
8192 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8193 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8194 "incompatible types '%T' and '%T' in assignment",
8195 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
8199 static void semantic_integer_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8201 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8202 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8203 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8204 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8206 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8209 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8210 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8212 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8213 /* TODO: improve error message */
8214 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8215 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8216 "operation needs integer types");
8221 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8222 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8223 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8224 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8225 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8226 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8227 expression->base.type = type_left;
8230 static void semantic_shift_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8232 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8234 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8237 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
8240 expression->base.type = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
8243 static void warn_logical_and_within_or(const expression_t *const expr)
8245 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND)
8247 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
8249 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
8250 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around && within ||");
8254 * Check the semantic restrictions of a logical expression.
8256 static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
8258 /* §6.5.13:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type.
8259 * §6.5.14:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type. */
8260 semantic_condition(expression->left, "left operand of logical operator");
8261 semantic_condition(expression->right, "right operand of logical operator");
8262 if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR) {
8263 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->left);
8264 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->right);
8266 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8270 * Check the semantic restrictions of a binary assign expression.
8272 static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8274 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8275 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8277 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8280 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(orig_type_left, expression->right);
8281 report_assign_error(error, orig_type_left, expression->right,
8282 "assignment", &left->base.source_position);
8283 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(expression->right, orig_type_left);
8284 expression->base.type = orig_type_left;
8288 * Determine if the outermost operation (or parts thereof) of the given
8289 * expression has no effect in order to generate a warning about this fact.
8290 * Therefore in some cases this only examines some of the operands of the
8291 * expression (see comments in the function and examples below).
8293 * f() + 23; // warning, because + has no effect
8294 * x || f(); // no warning, because x controls execution of f()
8295 * x ? y : f(); // warning, because y has no effect
8296 * (void)x; // no warning to be able to suppress the warning
8297 * This function can NOT be used for an "expression has definitely no effect"-
8299 static bool expression_has_effect(const expression_t *const expr)
8301 switch (expr->kind) {
8302 case EXPR_ERROR: return true; /* do NOT warn */
8303 case EXPR_REFERENCE: return false;
8304 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT: return false;
8305 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS: return false;
8307 /* suppress the warning for microsoft __noop operations */
8308 case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP: return true;
8309 case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
8310 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
8311 case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
8312 case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
8313 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: return false;
8316 const call_expression_t *const call = &expr->call;
8317 if (call->function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
8320 switch (call->function->reference.entity->function.btk) {
8321 /* FIXME: which builtins have no effect? */
8322 default: return true;
8326 /* Generate the warning if either the left or right hand side of a
8327 * conditional expression has no effect */
8328 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
8329 conditional_expression_t const *const cond = &expr->conditional;
8330 expression_t const *const t = cond->true_expression;
8332 (t == NULL || expression_has_effect(t)) &&
8333 expression_has_effect(cond->false_expression);
8336 case EXPR_SELECT: return false;
8337 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: return false;
8338 case EXPR_SIZEOF: return false;
8339 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE: return false;
8340 case EXPR_ALIGNOF: return false;
8342 case EXPR_FUNCNAME: return false;
8343 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: return false;
8344 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: return false;
8345 case EXPR_OFFSETOF: return false;
8346 case EXPR_VA_START: return true;
8347 case EXPR_VA_ARG: return true;
8348 case EXPR_VA_COPY: return true;
8349 case EXPR_STATEMENT: return true; // TODO
8350 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: return false;
8352 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE: return false;
8353 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS: return false;
8354 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE: return false;
8355 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: return false;
8356 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: return false;
8357 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS: return false;
8358 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8359 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8360 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8361 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8363 /* Treat void casts as if they have an effect in order to being able to
8364 * suppress the warning */
8365 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
8366 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
8367 return is_type_void(type);
8370 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: return true;
8371 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE: return true;
8372 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY: return true;
8373 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW: return true;
8375 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: return false;
8376 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: return false;
8377 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL: return false;
8378 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV: return false;
8379 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD: return false;
8380 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL: return false;
8381 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL: return false;
8382 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS: return false;
8383 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL: return false;
8384 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER: return false;
8385 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL: return false;
8386 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND: return false;
8387 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR: return false;
8388 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR: return false;
8389 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT: return false;
8390 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT: return false;
8391 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN: return true;
8392 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN: return true;
8393 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: return true;
8394 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: return true;
8395 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN: return true;
8396 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN: return true;
8397 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN: return true;
8398 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN: return true;
8399 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: return true;
8400 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: return true;
8401 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: return true;
8403 /* Only examine the right hand side of && and ||, because the left hand
8404 * side already has the effect of controlling the execution of the right
8406 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
8407 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
8408 /* Only examine the right hand side of a comma expression, because the left
8409 * hand side has a separate warning */
8410 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
8411 return expression_has_effect(expr->binary.right);
8413 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER: return false;
8414 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL: return false;
8415 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS: return false;
8416 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL: return false;
8417 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER: return false;
8418 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: return false;
8421 internal_errorf(HERE, "unexpected expression");
8424 static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
8426 const expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8427 if (!expression_has_effect(left)) {
8428 source_position_t const *const pos = &left->base.source_position;
8429 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, pos, "left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect");
8431 expression->base.type = expression->right->base.type;
8435 * @param prec_r precedence of the right operand
8437 #define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_kind, binexpression_type, prec_r, sfunc) \
8438 static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
8440 expression_t *binexpr = allocate_expression_zero(binexpression_type); \
8441 binexpr->binary.left = left; \
8444 expression_t *right = parse_subexpression(prec_r); \
8446 binexpr->binary.right = right; \
8447 sfunc(&binexpr->binary); \
8452 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', EXPR_BINARY_MUL, PREC_CAST, semantic_binexpr_arithmetic)
8453 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', EXPR_BINARY_DIV, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8454 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', EXPR_BINARY_MOD, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8455 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', EXPR_BINARY_ADD, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_add)
8456 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', EXPR_BINARY_SUB, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_sub)
8457 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8458 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8459 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', EXPR_BINARY_LESS, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8460 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8461 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8462 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8463 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8464 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8465 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, PREC_EQUALITY, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8466 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, PREC_AND, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8467 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, PREC_XOR, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8468 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, PREC_OR, semantic_logical_op)
8469 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, PREC_LOGICAL_AND, semantic_logical_op)
8470 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_binexpr_assign)
8471 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8472 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8473 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_assign)
8474 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8475 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8476 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8477 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8478 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8479 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8480 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8481 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_comma)
8484 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t precedence)
8486 expression_parser_function_t *parser
8487 = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8490 if (parser->parser != NULL) {
8491 left = parser->parser();
8493 left = parse_primary_expression();
8495 assert(left != NULL);
8498 parser = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8499 if (parser->infix_parser == NULL)
8501 if (parser->infix_precedence < precedence)
8504 left = parser->infix_parser(left);
8506 assert(left != NULL);
8513 * Parse an expression.
8515 static expression_t *parse_expression(void)
8517 return parse_subexpression(PREC_EXPRESSION);
8521 * Register a parser for a prefix-like operator.
8523 * @param parser the parser function
8524 * @param token_kind the token type of the prefix token
8526 static void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
8529 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8531 assert(!entry->parser);
8532 entry->parser = parser;
8536 * Register a parser for an infix operator with given precedence.
8538 * @param parser the parser function
8539 * @param token_kind the token type of the infix operator
8540 * @param precedence the precedence of the operator
8542 static void register_infix_parser(parse_expression_infix_function parser,
8543 int token_kind, precedence_t precedence)
8545 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8547 assert(!entry->infix_parser);
8548 entry->infix_parser = parser;
8549 entry->infix_precedence = precedence;
8553 * Initialize the expression parsers.
8555 static void init_expression_parsers(void)
8557 memset(&expression_parsers, 0, sizeof(expression_parsers));
8559 register_infix_parser(parse_array_expression, '[', PREC_POSTFIX);
8560 register_infix_parser(parse_call_expression, '(', PREC_POSTFIX);
8561 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, '.', PREC_POSTFIX);
8562 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, T_MINUSGREATER, PREC_POSTFIX);
8563 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8564 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8565 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL, '*', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8566 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV, '/', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8567 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD, '%', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8568 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD, '+', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8569 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB, '-', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8570 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, T_LESSLESS, PREC_SHIFT);
8571 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, T_GREATERGREATER, PREC_SHIFT);
8572 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESS, '<', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8573 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, '>', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8574 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, T_LESSEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8575 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, T_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8576 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, T_EQUALEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8577 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8578 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, '&', PREC_AND);
8579 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, '^', PREC_XOR);
8580 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, '|', PREC_OR);
8581 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, T_ANDAND, PREC_LOGICAL_AND);
8582 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, T_PIPEPIPE, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
8583 register_infix_parser(parse_conditional_expression, '?', PREC_CONDITIONAL);
8584 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, '=', PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8585 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, T_PLUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8586 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, T_MINUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8587 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, T_ASTERISKEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8588 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, T_SLASHEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8589 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, T_PERCENTEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8590 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, T_LESSLESSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8591 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8592 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, T_ANDEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8593 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, T_PIPEEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8594 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, T_CARETEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8595 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, ',', PREC_EXPRESSION);
8597 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE, '-');
8598 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PLUS, '+');
8599 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NOT, '!');
8600 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE, '~');
8601 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE, '*');
8602 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS, '&');
8603 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS);
8604 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS);
8605 register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof, T_sizeof);
8606 register_expression_parser(parse_alignof, T__Alignof);
8607 register_expression_parser(parse_extension, T___extension__);
8608 register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type, T___builtin_classify_type);
8609 register_expression_parser(parse_delete, T_delete);
8610 register_expression_parser(parse_throw, T_throw);
8614 * Parse a asm statement arguments specification.
8616 static asm_argument_t *parse_asm_arguments(bool is_out)
8618 asm_argument_t *result = NULL;
8619 asm_argument_t **anchor = &result;
8621 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL || token.kind == '[') {
8622 asm_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(argument[0]));
8625 add_anchor_token(']');
8626 argument->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing asm argument", NULL);
8627 rem_anchor_token(']');
8629 if (!argument->symbol)
8633 argument->constraints = parse_string_literals("asm argument");
8634 add_anchor_token(')');
8636 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8637 rem_anchor_token(')');
8639 /* Ugly GCC stuff: Allow lvalue casts. Skip casts, when they do not
8640 * change size or type representation (e.g. int -> long is ok, but
8641 * int -> float is not) */
8642 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
8643 type_t *const type = expression->base.type;
8644 type_kind_t const kind = type->kind;
8645 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8648 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8649 atomic_type_kind_t const akind = type->atomic.akind;
8650 flags = get_atomic_type_flags(akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8651 size = get_atomic_type_size(akind);
8653 flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8654 size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8658 expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
8659 type_t *const value_type = value->base.type;
8660 type_kind_t const value_kind = value_type->kind;
8662 unsigned value_flags;
8663 unsigned value_size;
8664 if (value_kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8665 atomic_type_kind_t const value_akind = value_type->atomic.akind;
8666 value_flags = get_atomic_type_flags(value_akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8667 value_size = get_atomic_type_size(value_akind);
8668 } else if (value_kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8669 value_flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8670 value_size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8675 if (value_flags != flags || value_size != size)
8679 } while (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
8683 if (!is_lvalue(expression)) {
8684 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8685 "asm output argument is not an lvalue");
8688 if (argument->constraints.begin[0] == '=')
8689 determine_lhs_ent(expression, NULL);
8691 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8693 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8695 argument->expression = expression;
8698 set_address_taken(expression, true);
8701 anchor = &argument->next;
8711 * Parse a asm statement clobber specification.
8713 static asm_clobber_t *parse_asm_clobbers(void)
8715 asm_clobber_t *result = NULL;
8716 asm_clobber_t **anchor = &result;
8718 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
8719 asm_clobber_t *clobber = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(clobber[0]));
8720 clobber->clobber = parse_string_literals(NULL);
8723 anchor = &clobber->next;
8733 * Parse an asm statement.
8735 static statement_t *parse_asm_statement(void)
8737 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
8738 asm_statement_t *asm_statement = &statement->asms;
8741 add_anchor_token(')');
8742 add_anchor_token(':');
8743 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
8745 if (next_if(T_volatile))
8746 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8749 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
8750 asm_statement->asm_text = parse_string_literals("asm statement");
8753 asm_statement->outputs = parse_asm_arguments(true);
8756 asm_statement->inputs = parse_asm_arguments(false);
8758 rem_anchor_token(':');
8760 asm_statement->clobbers = parse_asm_clobbers();
8762 rem_anchor_token(')');
8766 if (asm_statement->outputs == NULL) {
8767 /* GCC: An 'asm' instruction without any output operands will be treated
8768 * identically to a volatile 'asm' instruction. */
8769 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8775 static statement_t *parse_label_inner_statement(statement_t const *const label, char const *const label_kind)
8777 statement_t *inner_stmt;
8778 switch (token.kind) {
8780 errorf(&label->base.source_position, "%s at end of compound statement", label_kind);
8781 inner_stmt = create_error_statement();
8785 if (label->kind == STATEMENT_LABEL) {
8786 /* Eat an empty statement here, to avoid the warning about an empty
8787 * statement after a label. label:; is commonly used to have a label
8788 * before a closing brace. */
8789 inner_stmt = create_empty_statement();
8796 inner_stmt = parse_statement();
8797 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8798 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8799 if (inner_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8800 errorf(&inner_stmt->base.source_position, "declaration after %s", label_kind);
8808 * Parse a case statement.
8810 static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
8812 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8813 source_position_t *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8816 add_anchor_token(':');
8818 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8819 type_t *expression_type = expression->base.type;
8820 type_t *skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8821 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8822 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8823 expression, expression_type);
8826 type_t *type = expression_type;
8827 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8828 type_t *switch_type = current_switch->expression->base.type;
8829 if (is_type_valid(switch_type)) {
8830 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, switch_type);
8834 statement->case_label.expression = expression;
8835 expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
8836 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8837 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8838 errorf(pos, "case label does not reduce to an integer constant");
8840 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8842 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expression);
8843 statement->case_label.first_case = val;
8844 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8848 if (next_if(T_DOTDOTDOT)) {
8849 expression_t *end_range = parse_expression();
8850 expression_type = expression->base.type;
8851 skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8852 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8853 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8854 expression, expression_type);
8857 end_range = create_implicit_cast(end_range, type);
8858 statement->case_label.end_range = end_range;
8859 expression_classification_t const end_class = is_constant_expression(end_range);
8860 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8861 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8862 errorf(pos, "case range does not reduce to an integer constant");
8864 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8866 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(end_range);
8867 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8869 if (val < statement->case_label.first_case) {
8870 statement->case_label.is_empty_range = true;
8871 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty range specified");
8877 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8879 rem_anchor_token(':');
8882 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8883 if (! statement->case_label.is_bad) {
8884 /* Check for duplicate case values */
8885 case_label_statement_t *c = &statement->case_label;
8886 for (case_label_statement_t *l = current_switch->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
8887 if (l->is_bad || l->is_empty_range || l->expression == NULL)
8890 if (c->last_case < l->first_case || c->first_case > l->last_case)
8893 errorf(pos, "duplicate case value (previously used %P)",
8894 &l->base.source_position);
8898 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8899 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8900 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8902 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8904 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8906 errorf(pos, "case label not within a switch statement");
8909 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "case label");
8916 * Parse a default statement.
8918 static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
8920 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8924 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8928 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8929 const case_label_statement_t *def_label = current_switch->default_label;
8930 if (def_label != NULL) {
8931 errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "multiple default labels in one switch (previous declared %P)", &def_label->base.source_position);
8933 current_switch->default_label = &statement->case_label;
8935 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8936 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8937 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8939 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8941 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8944 errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
8945 "'default' label not within a switch statement");
8948 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "default label");
8955 * Parse a label statement.
8957 static statement_t *parse_label_statement(void)
8959 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LABEL);
8960 label_t *const label = get_label(NULL /* Cannot fail, token is T_IDENTIFIER. */);
8961 statement->label.label = label;
8963 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8965 /* if statement is already set then the label is defined twice,
8966 * otherwise it was just mentioned in a goto/local label declaration so far
8968 source_position_t const* const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8969 if (label->statement != NULL) {
8970 errorf(pos, "duplicate '%N' (declared %P)", (entity_t const*)label, &label->base.source_position);
8972 label->base.source_position = *pos;
8973 label->statement = statement;
8974 label->n_users += 1;
8979 if (token.kind == T___attribute__ && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8980 parse_attributes(NULL); // TODO process attributes
8983 statement->label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "label");
8985 /* remember the labels in a list for later checking */
8986 *label_anchor = &statement->label;
8987 label_anchor = &statement->label.next;
8993 static statement_t *parse_inner_statement(void)
8995 statement_t *const stmt = parse_statement();
8996 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8997 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8998 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8999 errorf(&stmt->base.source_position, "declaration as inner statement, use {}");
9005 * Parse an expression in parentheses and mark its variables as read.
9007 static expression_t *parse_condition(void)
9009 add_anchor_token(')');
9011 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
9012 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
9013 rem_anchor_token(')');
9019 * Parse an if statement.
9021 static statement_t *parse_if(void)
9023 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_IF);
9027 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9028 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->ifs.scope);
9030 add_anchor_token(T_else);
9032 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9033 statement->ifs.condition = expr;
9034 /* §6.8.4.1:1 The controlling expression of an if statement shall have
9036 semantic_condition(expr, "condition of 'if'-statment");
9038 statement_t *const true_stmt = parse_inner_statement();
9039 statement->ifs.true_statement = true_stmt;
9040 rem_anchor_token(T_else);
9042 if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9043 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9044 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9047 if (next_if(T_else)) {
9048 statement->ifs.false_statement = parse_inner_statement();
9050 if (statement->ifs.false_statement->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9051 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9052 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9054 } else if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_IF &&
9055 true_stmt->ifs.false_statement != NULL) {
9056 source_position_t const *const pos = &true_stmt->base.source_position;
9057 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else'");
9066 * Check that all enums are handled in a switch.
9068 * @param statement the switch statement to check
9070 static void check_enum_cases(const switch_statement_t *statement)
9072 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM))
9074 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(statement->expression->base.type);
9075 if (! is_type_enum(type))
9077 const enum_type_t *enumt = &type->enumt;
9079 /* if we have a default, no warnings */
9080 if (statement->default_label != NULL)
9083 /* FIXME: calculation of value should be done while parsing */
9084 /* TODO: quadratic algorithm here. Change to an n log n one */
9085 long last_value = -1;
9086 const entity_t *entry = enumt->enume->base.next;
9087 for (; entry != NULL && entry->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE;
9088 entry = entry->base.next) {
9089 const expression_t *expression = entry->enum_value.value;
9090 long value = expression != NULL ? fold_constant_to_int(expression) : last_value + 1;
9092 for (const case_label_statement_t *l = statement->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
9093 if (l->expression == NULL)
9095 if (l->first_case <= value && value <= l->last_case) {
9101 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9102 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM, pos, "'%N' not handled in switch", entry);
9109 * Parse a switch statement.
9111 static statement_t *parse_switch(void)
9113 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_SWITCH);
9117 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9118 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->switchs.scope);
9120 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9121 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9122 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9123 type = promote_integer(type);
9124 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) >= get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG)) {
9125 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, &expr->base.source_position, "'%T' switch expression not converted to '%T' in ISO C", type, type_int);
9127 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9128 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9129 "switch quantity is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9130 type = type_error_type;
9132 statement->switchs.expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9134 switch_statement_t *rem = current_switch;
9135 current_switch = &statement->switchs;
9136 statement->switchs.body = parse_inner_statement();
9137 current_switch = rem;
9139 if (statement->switchs.default_label == NULL) {
9140 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_DEFAULT, &statement->base.source_position, "switch has no default case");
9142 check_enum_cases(&statement->switchs);
9149 static statement_t *parse_loop_body(statement_t *const loop)
9151 statement_t *const rem = current_loop;
9152 current_loop = loop;
9154 statement_t *const body = parse_inner_statement();
9161 * Parse a while statement.
9163 static statement_t *parse_while(void)
9165 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_FOR);
9169 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9170 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->fors.scope);
9172 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9173 statement->fors.condition = cond;
9174 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9175 * have scalar type. */
9176 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'while'-statement");
9178 statement->fors.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9186 * Parse a do statement.
9188 static statement_t *parse_do(void)
9190 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DO_WHILE);
9194 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9195 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->do_while.scope);
9197 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9198 statement->do_while.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9199 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9202 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9203 statement->do_while.condition = cond;
9204 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9205 * have scalar type. */
9206 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'do-while'-statement");
9215 * Parse a for statement.
9217 static statement_t *parse_for(void)
9219 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_FOR);
9223 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9224 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->fors.scope);
9226 add_anchor_token(')');
9232 } else if (is_declaration_specifier(&token)) {
9233 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9235 add_anchor_token(';');
9236 expression_t *const init = parse_expression();
9237 statement->fors.initialisation = init;
9238 mark_vars_read(init, ENT_ANY);
9239 if (!expression_has_effect(init)) {
9240 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &init->base.source_position, "initialisation of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9242 rem_anchor_token(';');
9248 if (token.kind != ';') {
9249 add_anchor_token(';');
9250 expression_t *const cond = parse_expression();
9251 statement->fors.condition = cond;
9252 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement
9253 * shall have scalar type. */
9254 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'for'-statement");
9255 mark_vars_read(cond, NULL);
9256 rem_anchor_token(';');
9259 if (token.kind != ')') {
9260 expression_t *const step = parse_expression();
9261 statement->fors.step = step;
9262 mark_vars_read(step, ENT_ANY);
9263 if (!expression_has_effect(step)) {
9264 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &step->base.source_position, "step of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9267 rem_anchor_token(')');
9269 statement->fors.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9277 * Parse a goto statement.
9279 static statement_t *parse_goto(void)
9281 statement_t *statement;
9282 if (GNU_MODE && look_ahead(1)->kind == '*') {
9283 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO);
9287 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
9288 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
9290 /* Argh: although documentation says the expression must be of type void*,
9291 * gcc accepts anything that can be casted into void* without error */
9292 type_t *type = expression->base.type;
9294 if (type != type_error_type) {
9295 if (!is_type_pointer(type) && !is_type_integer(type)) {
9296 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
9297 "cannot convert to a pointer type");
9298 } else if (type != type_void_ptr) {
9299 warningf(WARN_OTHER, &expression->base.source_position, "type of computed goto expression should be 'void*' not '%T'", type);
9301 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, type_void_ptr);
9304 statement->computed_goto.expression = expression;
9306 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_GOTO);
9309 label_t *const label = get_label("while parsing goto");
9311 label->n_users += 1;
9313 statement->gotos.label = label;
9315 /* remember the goto's in a list for later checking */
9316 *goto_anchor = &statement->gotos;
9317 goto_anchor = &statement->gotos.next;
9319 statement->gotos.label = &allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym_anonymous, &builtin_source_position)->label;
9328 * Parse a continue statement.
9330 static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
9332 if (current_loop == NULL) {
9333 errorf(HERE, "continue statement not within loop");
9336 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CONTINUE);
9344 * Parse a break statement.
9346 static statement_t *parse_break(void)
9348 if (current_switch == NULL && current_loop == NULL) {
9349 errorf(HERE, "break statement not within loop or switch");
9352 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_BREAK);
9360 * Parse a __leave statement.
9362 static statement_t *parse_leave_statement(void)
9364 if (current_try == NULL) {
9365 errorf(HERE, "__leave statement not within __try");
9368 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LEAVE);
9376 * Check if a given entity represents a local variable.
9378 static bool is_local_variable(const entity_t *entity)
9380 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
9383 switch ((storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class) {
9384 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
9385 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: {
9386 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
9387 if (is_type_function(type)) {
9399 * Check if a given expression represents a local variable.
9401 static bool expression_is_local_variable(const expression_t *expression)
9403 if (expression->base.kind != EXPR_REFERENCE) {
9406 const entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
9407 return is_local_variable(entity);
9410 static void err_or_warn(source_position_t const *const pos, char const *const msg)
9412 if (c_mode & _CXX || strict_mode) {
9415 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, msg);
9420 * Parse a return statement.
9422 static statement_t *parse_return(void)
9424 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_RETURN);
9427 expression_t *return_value = NULL;
9428 if (token.kind != ';') {
9429 return_value = parse_expression();
9430 mark_vars_read(return_value, NULL);
9433 const type_t *const func_type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
9434 assert(is_type_function(func_type));
9435 type_t *const return_type = skip_typeref(func_type->function.return_type);
9437 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9438 if (return_value != NULL) {
9439 type_t *return_value_type = skip_typeref(return_value->base.type);
9441 if (is_type_void(return_type)) {
9442 if (!is_type_void(return_value_type)) {
9443 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:2 */
9444 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9445 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with a value, in function returning 'void'");
9446 } else if (!(c_mode & _CXX)) { /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9447 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9448 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with expression in function returning 'void'");
9451 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(return_type, return_value);
9452 report_assign_error(error, return_type, return_value, "'return'",
9455 return_value = create_implicit_cast(return_value, return_type);
9456 /* check for returning address of a local var */
9457 if (return_value != NULL && return_value->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
9458 const expression_t *expression = return_value->unary.value;
9459 if (expression_is_local_variable(expression)) {
9460 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "function returns address of local variable");
9463 } else if (!is_type_void(return_type)) {
9464 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9465 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' without value, in function returning non-void");
9467 statement->returns.value = return_value;
9474 * Parse a declaration statement.
9476 static statement_t *parse_declaration_statement(void)
9478 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9480 entity_t *before = current_scope->last_entity;
9482 parse_external_declaration();
9484 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9487 declaration_statement_t *const decl = &statement->declaration;
9488 entity_t *const begin =
9489 before != NULL ? before->base.next : current_scope->entities;
9490 decl->declarations_begin = begin;
9491 decl->declarations_end = begin != NULL ? current_scope->last_entity : NULL;
9497 * Parse an expression statement, ie. expr ';'.
9499 static statement_t *parse_expression_statement(void)
9501 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
9503 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
9504 statement->expression.expression = expr;
9505 mark_vars_read(expr, ENT_ANY);
9512 * Parse a microsoft __try { } __finally { } or
9513 * __try{ } __except() { }
9515 static statement_t *parse_ms_try_statment(void)
9517 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_MS_TRY);
9520 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9522 ms_try_statement_t *rem = current_try;
9523 current_try = &statement->ms_try;
9524 statement->ms_try.try_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9529 if (next_if(T___except)) {
9530 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9531 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9532 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9533 type = promote_integer(type);
9534 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9535 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9536 "__expect expression is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9537 type = type_error_type;
9539 statement->ms_try.except_expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9540 } else if (!next_if(T__finally)) {
9541 parse_error_expected("while parsing __try statement", T___except, T___finally, NULL);
9543 statement->ms_try.final_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9547 static statement_t *parse_empty_statement(void)
9549 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_STATEMENT, HERE, "statement is empty");
9550 statement_t *const statement = create_empty_statement();
9555 static statement_t *parse_local_label_declaration(void)
9557 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9561 entity_t *begin = NULL;
9562 entity_t *end = NULL;
9563 entity_t **anchor = &begin;
9564 add_anchor_token(';');
9565 add_anchor_token(',');
9567 source_position_t pos;
9568 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing local label declaration", &pos);
9570 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
9571 if (entity != NULL && entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
9572 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
9573 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
9575 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, symbol, &pos);
9576 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9579 anchor = &entity->base.next;
9582 environment_push(entity);
9585 } while (next_if(','));
9586 rem_anchor_token(',');
9587 rem_anchor_token(';');
9589 statement->declaration.declarations_begin = begin;
9590 statement->declaration.declarations_end = end;
9594 static void parse_namespace_definition(void)
9598 entity_t *entity = NULL;
9599 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
9601 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
9602 symbol = token.base.symbol;
9603 entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
9604 if (entity && entity->kind != ENTITY_NAMESPACE) {
9606 if (entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
9607 error_redefined_as_different_kind(HERE, entity, ENTITY_NAMESPACE);
9613 if (entity == NULL) {
9614 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_NAMESPACE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
9615 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9618 if (token.kind == '=') {
9619 /* TODO: parse namespace alias */
9620 panic("namespace alias definition not supported yet");
9623 environment_push(entity);
9624 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
9626 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->namespacee.members);
9627 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
9629 add_anchor_token('}');
9632 rem_anchor_token('}');
9635 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
9640 * Parse a statement.
9641 * There's also parse_statement() which additionally checks for
9642 * "statement has no effect" warnings
9644 static statement_t *intern_parse_statement(void)
9646 /* declaration or statement */
9647 statement_t *statement;
9648 switch (token.kind) {
9649 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
9650 token_kind_t la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
9651 if (la1_type == ':') {
9652 statement = parse_label_statement();
9653 } else if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
9654 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9656 /* it's an identifier, the grammar says this must be an
9657 * expression statement. However it is common that users mistype
9658 * declaration types, so we guess a bit here to improve robustness
9659 * for incorrect programs */
9663 if (get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL) != NULL) {
9665 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9669 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9677 case T___extension__: {
9678 /* This can be a prefix to a declaration or an expression statement.
9679 * We simply eat it now and parse the rest with tail recursion. */
9681 statement = intern_parse_statement();
9687 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9691 statement = parse_local_label_declaration();
9694 case ';': statement = parse_empty_statement(); break;
9695 case '{': statement = parse_compound_statement(false); break;
9696 case T___leave: statement = parse_leave_statement(); break;
9697 case T___try: statement = parse_ms_try_statment(); break;
9698 case T_asm: statement = parse_asm_statement(); break;
9699 case T_break: statement = parse_break(); break;
9700 case T_case: statement = parse_case_statement(); break;
9701 case T_continue: statement = parse_continue(); break;
9702 case T_default: statement = parse_default_statement(); break;
9703 case T_do: statement = parse_do(); break;
9704 case T_for: statement = parse_for(); break;
9705 case T_goto: statement = parse_goto(); break;
9706 case T_if: statement = parse_if(); break;
9707 case T_return: statement = parse_return(); break;
9708 case T_switch: statement = parse_switch(); break;
9709 case T_while: statement = parse_while(); break;
9712 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9716 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K while parsing statement", &token);
9717 statement = create_error_statement();
9726 * parse a statement and emits "statement has no effect" warning if needed
9727 * (This is really a wrapper around intern_parse_statement with check for 1
9728 * single warning. It is needed, because for statement expressions we have
9729 * to avoid the warning on the last statement)
9731 static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
9733 statement_t *statement = intern_parse_statement();
9735 if (statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
9736 expression_t *expression = statement->expression.expression;
9737 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9738 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9746 * Parse a compound statement.
9748 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement)
9750 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
9752 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9753 PUSH_SCOPE(&statement->compound.scope);
9756 add_anchor_token('}');
9757 /* tokens, which can start a statement */
9758 /* TODO MS, __builtin_FOO */
9759 add_anchor_token('!');
9760 add_anchor_token('&');
9761 add_anchor_token('(');
9762 add_anchor_token('*');
9763 add_anchor_token('+');
9764 add_anchor_token('-');
9765 add_anchor_token(';');
9766 add_anchor_token('{');
9767 add_anchor_token('~');
9768 add_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9769 add_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9770 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9771 add_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9772 add_anchor_token(T_NUMBER);
9773 add_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9774 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9775 add_anchor_token(T__Alignof);
9776 add_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9777 add_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9778 add_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9779 add_anchor_token(T__Thread_local);
9780 add_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9781 add_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9782 add_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9783 add_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9784 add_anchor_token(T___func__);
9785 add_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9786 add_anchor_token(T___label__);
9787 add_anchor_token(T___real__);
9788 add_anchor_token(T_asm);
9789 add_anchor_token(T_auto);
9790 add_anchor_token(T_bool);
9791 add_anchor_token(T_break);
9792 add_anchor_token(T_case);
9793 add_anchor_token(T_char);
9794 add_anchor_token(T_class);
9795 add_anchor_token(T_const);
9796 add_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9797 add_anchor_token(T_continue);
9798 add_anchor_token(T_default);
9799 add_anchor_token(T_delete);
9800 add_anchor_token(T_double);
9801 add_anchor_token(T_do);
9802 add_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9803 add_anchor_token(T_enum);
9804 add_anchor_token(T_extern);
9805 add_anchor_token(T_false);
9806 add_anchor_token(T_float);
9807 add_anchor_token(T_for);
9808 add_anchor_token(T_goto);
9809 add_anchor_token(T_if);
9810 add_anchor_token(T_inline);
9811 add_anchor_token(T_int);
9812 add_anchor_token(T_long);
9813 add_anchor_token(T_new);
9814 add_anchor_token(T_operator);
9815 add_anchor_token(T_register);
9816 add_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9817 add_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9818 add_anchor_token(T_return);
9819 add_anchor_token(T_short);
9820 add_anchor_token(T_signed);
9821 add_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9822 add_anchor_token(T_static);
9823 add_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9824 add_anchor_token(T_struct);
9825 add_anchor_token(T_switch);
9826 add_anchor_token(T_template);
9827 add_anchor_token(T_this);
9828 add_anchor_token(T_throw);
9829 add_anchor_token(T_true);
9830 add_anchor_token(T_try);
9831 add_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9832 add_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9833 add_anchor_token(T_typename);
9834 add_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9835 add_anchor_token(T_union);
9836 add_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9837 add_anchor_token(T_using);
9838 add_anchor_token(T_void);
9839 add_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9840 add_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9841 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9843 statement_t **anchor = &statement->compound.statements;
9844 bool only_decls_so_far = true;
9845 while (token.kind != '}' && token.kind != T_EOF) {
9846 statement_t *sub_statement = intern_parse_statement();
9847 if (sub_statement->kind == STATEMENT_ERROR) {
9851 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_DECLARATION) {
9852 only_decls_so_far = false;
9853 } else if (!only_decls_so_far) {
9854 source_position_t const *const pos = &sub_statement->base.source_position;
9855 warningf(WARN_DECLARATION_AFTER_STATEMENT, pos, "ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code");
9858 *anchor = sub_statement;
9859 anchor = &sub_statement->base.next;
9863 /* look over all statements again to produce no effect warnings */
9864 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE)) {
9865 statement_t *sub_statement = statement->compound.statements;
9866 for (; sub_statement != NULL; sub_statement = sub_statement->base.next) {
9867 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_EXPRESSION)
9869 /* don't emit a warning for the last expression in an expression
9870 * statement as it has always an effect */
9871 if (inside_expression_statement && sub_statement->base.next == NULL)
9874 expression_t *expression = sub_statement->expression.expression;
9875 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9876 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9881 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9882 rem_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9883 rem_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9884 rem_anchor_token(T_void);
9885 rem_anchor_token(T_using);
9886 rem_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9887 rem_anchor_token(T_union);
9888 rem_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9889 rem_anchor_token(T_typename);
9890 rem_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9891 rem_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9892 rem_anchor_token(T_try);
9893 rem_anchor_token(T_true);
9894 rem_anchor_token(T_throw);
9895 rem_anchor_token(T_this);
9896 rem_anchor_token(T_template);
9897 rem_anchor_token(T_switch);
9898 rem_anchor_token(T_struct);
9899 rem_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9900 rem_anchor_token(T_static);
9901 rem_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9902 rem_anchor_token(T_signed);
9903 rem_anchor_token(T_short);
9904 rem_anchor_token(T_return);
9905 rem_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9906 rem_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9907 rem_anchor_token(T_register);
9908 rem_anchor_token(T_operator);
9909 rem_anchor_token(T_new);
9910 rem_anchor_token(T_long);
9911 rem_anchor_token(T_int);
9912 rem_anchor_token(T_inline);
9913 rem_anchor_token(T_if);
9914 rem_anchor_token(T_goto);
9915 rem_anchor_token(T_for);
9916 rem_anchor_token(T_float);
9917 rem_anchor_token(T_false);
9918 rem_anchor_token(T_extern);
9919 rem_anchor_token(T_enum);
9920 rem_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9921 rem_anchor_token(T_do);
9922 rem_anchor_token(T_double);
9923 rem_anchor_token(T_delete);
9924 rem_anchor_token(T_default);
9925 rem_anchor_token(T_continue);
9926 rem_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9927 rem_anchor_token(T_const);
9928 rem_anchor_token(T_class);
9929 rem_anchor_token(T_char);
9930 rem_anchor_token(T_case);
9931 rem_anchor_token(T_break);
9932 rem_anchor_token(T_bool);
9933 rem_anchor_token(T_auto);
9934 rem_anchor_token(T_asm);
9935 rem_anchor_token(T___real__);
9936 rem_anchor_token(T___label__);
9937 rem_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9938 rem_anchor_token(T___func__);
9939 rem_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9940 rem_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9941 rem_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9942 rem_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9943 rem_anchor_token(T__Thread_local);
9944 rem_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9945 rem_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9946 rem_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9947 rem_anchor_token(T__Alignof);
9948 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9949 rem_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9950 rem_anchor_token(T_NUMBER);
9951 rem_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9952 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9953 rem_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9954 rem_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9955 rem_anchor_token('~');
9956 rem_anchor_token('{');
9957 rem_anchor_token(';');
9958 rem_anchor_token('-');
9959 rem_anchor_token('+');
9960 rem_anchor_token('*');
9961 rem_anchor_token('(');
9962 rem_anchor_token('&');
9963 rem_anchor_token('!');
9964 rem_anchor_token('}');
9972 * Check for unused global static functions and variables
9974 static void check_unused_globals(void)
9976 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION) && !is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE))
9979 for (const entity_t *entity = file_scope->entities; entity != NULL;
9980 entity = entity->base.next) {
9981 if (!is_declaration(entity))
9984 const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
9985 if (declaration->used ||
9986 declaration->modifiers & DM_UNUSED ||
9987 declaration->modifiers & DM_USED ||
9988 declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
9993 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
9994 /* inhibit warning for static inline functions */
9995 if (entity->function.is_inline)
9998 why = WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION;
9999 s = entity->function.body != NULL ? "defined" : "declared";
10001 why = WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE;
10005 warningf(why, &declaration->base.source_position, "'%#N' %s but not used", entity, s);
10009 static void parse_global_asm(void)
10011 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
10014 add_anchor_token(';');
10015 add_anchor_token(')');
10016 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
10019 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
10020 statement->asms.asm_text = parse_string_literals("global asm");
10021 statement->base.next = unit->global_asm;
10022 unit->global_asm = statement;
10024 rem_anchor_token(')');
10026 rem_anchor_token(';');
10030 static void parse_linkage_specification(void)
10034 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
10035 char const *const linkage = parse_string_literals(NULL).begin;
10037 linkage_kind_t old_linkage = current_linkage;
10038 linkage_kind_t new_linkage;
10039 if (streq(linkage, "C")) {
10040 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10041 } else if (streq(linkage, "C++")) {
10042 new_linkage = LINKAGE_CXX;
10044 errorf(&pos, "linkage string \"%s\" not recognized", linkage);
10045 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10047 current_linkage = new_linkage;
10049 if (next_if('{')) {
10056 assert(current_linkage == new_linkage);
10057 current_linkage = old_linkage;
10060 static void parse_external(void)
10062 switch (token.kind) {
10064 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
10065 parse_linkage_specification();
10067 DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN
10069 case T___extension__:
10070 /* tokens below are for implicit int */
10071 case '&': /* & x; -> int& x; (and error later, because C++ has no
10073 case '*': /* * x; -> int* x; */
10074 case '(': /* (x); -> int (x); */
10076 parse_external_declaration();
10082 parse_global_asm();
10086 parse_namespace_definition();
10090 if (!strict_mode) {
10091 warningf(WARN_STRAY_SEMICOLON, HERE, "stray ';' outside of function");
10098 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10099 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10100 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10106 static void parse_externals(void)
10108 add_anchor_token('}');
10109 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10112 /* make a copy of the anchor set, so we can check if it is restored after parsing */
10113 unsigned short token_anchor_copy[T_LAST_TOKEN];
10114 memcpy(token_anchor_copy, token_anchor_set, sizeof(token_anchor_copy));
10117 while (token.kind != T_EOF && token.kind != '}') {
10119 for (int i = 0; i < T_LAST_TOKEN; ++i) {
10120 unsigned short count = token_anchor_set[i] - token_anchor_copy[i];
10122 /* the anchor set and its copy differs */
10123 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked anchor token %k %d times", i, count);
10126 if (in_gcc_extension) {
10127 /* an gcc extension scope was not closed */
10128 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked __extension__");
10135 rem_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10136 rem_anchor_token('}');
10140 * Parse a translation unit.
10142 static void parse_translation_unit(void)
10144 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10149 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
10152 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10153 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10154 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10159 void set_default_visibility(elf_visibility_tag_t visibility)
10161 default_visibility = visibility;
10167 * @return the translation unit or NULL if errors occurred.
10169 void start_parsing(void)
10171 environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10172 label_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10174 print_to_file(stderr);
10176 assert(unit == NULL);
10177 unit = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unit[0]));
10179 assert(file_scope == NULL);
10180 file_scope = &unit->scope;
10182 assert(current_scope == NULL);
10183 scope_push(&unit->scope);
10185 create_gnu_builtins();
10187 create_microsoft_intrinsics();
10190 translation_unit_t *finish_parsing(void)
10192 assert(current_scope == &unit->scope);
10195 assert(file_scope == &unit->scope);
10196 check_unused_globals();
10199 DEL_ARR_F(environment_stack);
10200 DEL_ARR_F(label_stack);
10202 translation_unit_t *result = unit;
10207 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
10208 * are given length one. */
10209 static void complete_incomplete_arrays(void)
10211 size_t n = ARR_LEN(incomplete_arrays);
10212 for (size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
10213 declaration_t *const decl = incomplete_arrays[i];
10214 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
10216 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
10219 source_position_t const *const pos = &decl->base.source_position;
10220 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "array '%#N' assumed to have one element", (entity_t const*)decl);
10222 type_t *const new_type = duplicate_type(type);
10223 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
10224 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
10225 new_type->array.size = 1;
10227 type_t *const result = identify_new_type(new_type);
10229 decl->type = result;
10233 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t *const entity)
10235 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.body->compound.scope);
10237 // create call to __main
10238 symbol_t *symbol = symbol_table_insert("__main");
10239 entity_t *subsubmain_ent
10240 = create_implicit_function(symbol, &builtin_source_position);
10242 expression_t *ref = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_REFERENCE);
10243 type_t *ftype = subsubmain_ent->declaration.type;
10244 ref->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10245 ref->base.type = make_pointer_type(ftype, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
10246 ref->reference.entity = subsubmain_ent;
10248 expression_t *call = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
10249 call->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10250 call->base.type = type_void;
10251 call->call.function = ref;
10253 statement_t *expr_statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
10254 expr_statement->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10255 expr_statement->expression.expression = call;
10257 statement_t *const body = entity->function.body;
10258 assert(body->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
10259 compound_statement_t *compounds = &body->compound;
10261 expr_statement->base.next = compounds->statements;
10262 compounds->statements = expr_statement;
10269 lookahead_bufpos = 0;
10270 for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOKAHEAD + 2; ++i) {
10273 current_linkage = c_mode & _CXX ? LINKAGE_CXX : LINKAGE_C;
10274 incomplete_arrays = NEW_ARR_F(declaration_t*, 0);
10275 parse_translation_unit();
10276 complete_incomplete_arrays();
10277 DEL_ARR_F(incomplete_arrays);
10278 incomplete_arrays = NULL;
10282 * Initialize the parser.
10284 void init_parser(void)
10286 memset(token_anchor_set, 0, sizeof(token_anchor_set));
10288 init_expression_parsers();
10289 obstack_init(&temp_obst);
10293 * Terminate the parser.
10295 void exit_parser(void)
10297 obstack_free(&temp_obst, NULL);