2 * This file is part of cparser.
3 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
8 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
26 #include "adt/strutil.h"
28 #include "diagnostic.h"
29 #include "format_check.h"
35 #include "type_hash.h"
38 #include "attribute_t.h"
39 #include "lang_features.h"
43 #include "adt/bitfiddle.h"
44 #include "adt/error.h"
45 #include "adt/array.h"
47 //#define PRINT_TOKENS
48 #define MAX_LOOKAHEAD 1
53 entity_namespace_t namespc;
56 typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t declaration_specifiers_t;
57 struct declaration_specifiers_t {
58 source_position_t source_position;
59 storage_class_t storage_class;
60 unsigned char alignment; /**< Alignment, 0 if not set. */
62 bool thread_local : 1; /**< GCC __thread */
63 attribute_t *attributes; /**< list of attributes */
68 * An environment for parsing initializers (and compound literals).
70 typedef struct parse_initializer_env_t {
71 type_t *type; /**< the type of the initializer. In case of an
72 array type with unspecified size this gets
73 adjusted to the actual size. */
74 entity_t *entity; /**< the variable that is initialized if any */
75 bool must_be_constant;
76 } parse_initializer_env_t;
78 typedef entity_t* (*parsed_declaration_func) (entity_t *declaration, bool is_definition);
80 /** The current token. */
82 /** The lookahead ring-buffer. */
83 static token_t lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
84 /** Position of the next token in the lookahead buffer. */
85 static size_t lookahead_bufpos;
86 static stack_entry_t *environment_stack = NULL;
87 static stack_entry_t *label_stack = NULL;
88 static scope_t *file_scope = NULL;
89 static scope_t *current_scope = NULL;
90 /** Point to the current function declaration if inside a function. */
91 static function_t *current_function = NULL;
92 static entity_t *current_entity = NULL;
93 static switch_statement_t *current_switch = NULL;
94 static statement_t *current_loop = NULL;
95 static statement_t *current_parent = NULL;
96 static ms_try_statement_t *current_try = NULL;
97 static linkage_kind_t current_linkage;
98 static goto_statement_t *goto_first = NULL;
99 static goto_statement_t **goto_anchor = NULL;
100 static label_statement_t *label_first = NULL;
101 static label_statement_t **label_anchor = NULL;
102 /** current translation unit. */
103 static translation_unit_t *unit = NULL;
104 /** true if we are in an __extension__ context. */
105 static bool in_gcc_extension = false;
106 static struct obstack temp_obst;
107 static entity_t *anonymous_entity;
108 static declaration_t **incomplete_arrays;
109 static elf_visibility_tag_t default_visibility = ELF_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT;
112 #define PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity) \
113 entity_t *const new_current_entity = (entity); \
114 entity_t *const old_current_entity = current_entity; \
115 ((void)(current_entity = new_current_entity))
116 #define POP_CURRENT_ENTITY() (assert(current_entity == new_current_entity), (void)(current_entity = old_current_entity))
118 #define PUSH_PARENT(stmt) \
119 statement_t *const new_parent = (stmt); \
120 statement_t *const old_parent = current_parent; \
121 ((void)(current_parent = new_parent))
122 #define POP_PARENT() (assert(current_parent == new_parent), (void)(current_parent = old_parent))
124 #define PUSH_SCOPE(scope) \
125 size_t const top = environment_top(); \
126 scope_t *const new_scope = (scope); \
127 scope_t *const old_scope = (new_scope ? scope_push(new_scope) : NULL)
128 #define PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(scope) PUSH_SCOPE(c_mode & (_C99 | _CXX) ? (scope) : NULL)
129 #define POP_SCOPE() (new_scope ? assert(current_scope == new_scope), scope_pop(old_scope), environment_pop_to(top) : (void)0)
131 #define PUSH_EXTENSION() \
133 bool const old_gcc_extension = in_gcc_extension; \
134 while (next_if(T___extension__)) { \
135 in_gcc_extension = true; \
138 #define POP_EXTENSION() \
139 ((void)(in_gcc_extension = old_gcc_extension))
141 /** special symbol used for anonymous entities. */
142 static symbol_t *sym_anonymous = NULL;
144 /** The token anchor set */
145 static unsigned short token_anchor_set[T_LAST_TOKEN];
147 /** The current source position. */
148 #define HERE (&token.base.source_position)
150 /** true if we are in GCC mode. */
151 #define GNU_MODE ((c_mode & _GNUC) || in_gcc_extension)
153 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement);
154 static statement_t *parse_statement(void);
156 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t);
157 static expression_t *parse_expression(void);
158 static type_t *parse_typename(void);
159 static void parse_externals(void);
160 static void parse_external(void);
162 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound_declaration);
164 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
165 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos);
167 typedef enum declarator_flags_t {
169 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT = 1U << 0,
170 DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER = 1U << 1,
171 DECL_IS_PARAMETER = 1U << 2
172 } declarator_flags_t;
174 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
175 declarator_flags_t flags);
177 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression);
179 #define STORAGE_CLASSES \
180 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
183 #define STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
190 #define TYPE_QUALIFIERS \
195 case T__forceinline: \
196 case T___attribute__:
198 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS \
200 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
203 #define TYPE_SPECIFIERS \
205 case T___builtin_va_list: \
230 #define DECLARATION_START \
235 #define DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN \
236 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
240 #define EXPRESSION_START \
249 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: \
250 case T_FLOATINGPOINT: \
254 case T_STRING_LITERAL: \
255 case T___FUNCDNAME__: \
256 case T___FUNCSIG__: \
257 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: \
258 case T___alignof__: \
259 case T___builtin_classify_type: \
260 case T___builtin_constant_p: \
261 case T___builtin_isgreater: \
262 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: \
263 case T___builtin_isless: \
264 case T___builtin_islessequal: \
265 case T___builtin_islessgreater: \
266 case T___builtin_isunordered: \
267 case T___builtin_offsetof: \
268 case T___builtin_va_arg: \
269 case T___builtin_va_copy: \
270 case T___builtin_va_start: \
281 * Returns the size of a statement node.
283 * @param kind the statement kind
285 static size_t get_statement_struct_size(statement_kind_t kind)
287 static const size_t sizes[] = {
288 [STATEMENT_ERROR] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
289 [STATEMENT_EMPTY] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
290 [STATEMENT_COMPOUND] = sizeof(compound_statement_t),
291 [STATEMENT_RETURN] = sizeof(return_statement_t),
292 [STATEMENT_DECLARATION] = sizeof(declaration_statement_t),
293 [STATEMENT_IF] = sizeof(if_statement_t),
294 [STATEMENT_SWITCH] = sizeof(switch_statement_t),
295 [STATEMENT_EXPRESSION] = sizeof(expression_statement_t),
296 [STATEMENT_CONTINUE] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
297 [STATEMENT_BREAK] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
298 [STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO] = sizeof(computed_goto_statement_t),
299 [STATEMENT_GOTO] = sizeof(goto_statement_t),
300 [STATEMENT_LABEL] = sizeof(label_statement_t),
301 [STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL] = sizeof(case_label_statement_t),
302 [STATEMENT_WHILE] = sizeof(while_statement_t),
303 [STATEMENT_DO_WHILE] = sizeof(do_while_statement_t),
304 [STATEMENT_FOR] = sizeof(for_statement_t),
305 [STATEMENT_ASM] = sizeof(asm_statement_t),
306 [STATEMENT_MS_TRY] = sizeof(ms_try_statement_t),
307 [STATEMENT_LEAVE] = sizeof(leave_statement_t)
309 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
310 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
315 * Returns the size of an expression node.
317 * @param kind the expression kind
319 static size_t get_expression_struct_size(expression_kind_t kind)
321 static const size_t sizes[] = {
322 [EXPR_ERROR] = sizeof(expression_base_t),
323 [EXPR_REFERENCE] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
324 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
325 [EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
326 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
327 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
328 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
329 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
330 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL] = sizeof(compound_literal_expression_t),
331 [EXPR_CALL] = sizeof(call_expression_t),
332 [EXPR_UNARY_FIRST] = sizeof(unary_expression_t),
333 [EXPR_BINARY_FIRST] = sizeof(binary_expression_t),
334 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL] = sizeof(conditional_expression_t),
335 [EXPR_SELECT] = sizeof(select_expression_t),
336 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS] = sizeof(array_access_expression_t),
337 [EXPR_SIZEOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
338 [EXPR_ALIGNOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
339 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE] = sizeof(classify_type_expression_t),
340 [EXPR_FUNCNAME] = sizeof(funcname_expression_t),
341 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P] = sizeof(builtin_constant_expression_t),
342 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = sizeof(builtin_types_compatible_expression_t),
343 [EXPR_OFFSETOF] = sizeof(offsetof_expression_t),
344 [EXPR_VA_START] = sizeof(va_start_expression_t),
345 [EXPR_VA_ARG] = sizeof(va_arg_expression_t),
346 [EXPR_VA_COPY] = sizeof(va_copy_expression_t),
347 [EXPR_STATEMENT] = sizeof(statement_expression_t),
348 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS] = sizeof(label_address_expression_t),
350 if (kind >= EXPR_UNARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_UNARY_LAST) {
351 return sizes[EXPR_UNARY_FIRST];
353 if (kind >= EXPR_BINARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_BINARY_LAST) {
354 return sizes[EXPR_BINARY_FIRST];
356 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
357 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
362 * Allocate a statement node of given kind and initialize all
363 * fields with zero. Sets its source position to the position
364 * of the current token.
366 static statement_t *allocate_statement_zero(statement_kind_t kind)
368 size_t size = get_statement_struct_size(kind);
369 statement_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
371 res->base.kind = kind;
372 res->base.parent = current_parent;
373 res->base.source_position = *HERE;
378 * Allocate an expression node of given kind and initialize all
381 * @param kind the kind of the expression to allocate
383 static expression_t *allocate_expression_zero(expression_kind_t kind)
385 size_t size = get_expression_struct_size(kind);
386 expression_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
388 res->base.kind = kind;
389 res->base.type = type_error_type;
390 res->base.source_position = *HERE;
395 * Creates a new invalid expression at the source position
396 * of the current token.
398 static expression_t *create_error_expression(void)
400 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ERROR);
401 expression->base.type = type_error_type;
406 * Creates a new invalid statement.
408 static statement_t *create_error_statement(void)
410 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ERROR);
414 * Allocate a new empty statement.
416 static statement_t *create_empty_statement(void)
418 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EMPTY);
422 * Returns the size of an initializer node.
424 * @param kind the initializer kind
426 static size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_kind_t kind)
428 static const size_t sizes[] = {
429 [INITIALIZER_VALUE] = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
430 [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
431 [INITIALIZER_LIST] = sizeof(initializer_list_t),
432 [INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR] = sizeof(initializer_designator_t)
434 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
435 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
440 * Allocate an initializer node of given kind and initialize all
443 static initializer_t *allocate_initializer_zero(initializer_kind_t kind)
445 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(kind));
452 * Returns the index of the top element of the environment stack.
454 static size_t environment_top(void)
456 return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
460 * Returns the index of the top element of the global label stack.
462 static size_t label_top(void)
464 return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
468 * Return the next token.
470 static inline void next_token(void)
472 token = lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos];
473 lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos] = lexer_token;
476 lookahead_bufpos = (lookahead_bufpos + 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
479 print_token(stderr, &token);
480 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
484 #define eat(token_kind) (assert(token.kind == (token_kind)), next_token())
486 static inline bool next_if(token_kind_t const type)
488 if (token.kind == type) {
497 * Return the next token with a given lookahead.
499 static inline const token_t *look_ahead(size_t num)
501 assert(0 < num && num <= MAX_LOOKAHEAD);
502 size_t pos = (lookahead_bufpos + num - 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
503 return &lookahead_buffer[pos];
507 * Adds a token type to the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
509 static void add_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
511 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
512 ++token_anchor_set[token_kind];
516 * Remove a token type from the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
518 static void rem_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
520 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
521 assert(token_anchor_set[token_kind] != 0);
522 --token_anchor_set[token_kind];
526 * Eat tokens until a matching token type is found.
528 static void eat_until_matching_token(token_kind_t const type)
530 token_kind_t end_token;
532 case '(': end_token = ')'; break;
533 case '{': end_token = '}'; break;
534 case '[': end_token = ']'; break;
535 default: end_token = type; break;
538 unsigned parenthesis_count = 0;
539 unsigned brace_count = 0;
540 unsigned bracket_count = 0;
541 while (token.kind != end_token ||
542 parenthesis_count != 0 ||
544 bracket_count != 0) {
545 switch (token.kind) {
547 case '(': ++parenthesis_count; break;
548 case '{': ++brace_count; break;
549 case '[': ++bracket_count; break;
552 if (parenthesis_count > 0)
562 if (bracket_count > 0)
565 if (token.kind == end_token &&
566 parenthesis_count == 0 &&
580 * Eat input tokens until an anchor is found.
582 static void eat_until_anchor(void)
584 while (token_anchor_set[token.kind] == 0) {
585 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
586 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
592 * Eat a whole block from input tokens.
594 static void eat_block(void)
596 eat_until_matching_token('{');
601 * Report a parse error because an expected token was not found.
604 #if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
605 __attribute__((sentinel))
607 void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
609 if (message != NULL) {
610 errorf(HERE, "%s", message);
613 va_start(ap, message);
614 errorf(HERE, "got %K, expected %#k", &token, &ap, ", ");
619 * Report an incompatible type.
621 static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
622 const source_position_t *source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
624 errorf(source_position, "%s, incompatible types: '%T' - '%T'",
628 static bool skip_till(token_kind_t const expected, char const *const context)
630 if (UNLIKELY(token.kind != expected)) {
631 parse_error_expected(context, expected, NULL);
632 add_anchor_token(expected);
634 rem_anchor_token(expected);
635 if (token.kind != expected)
642 * Expect the current token is the expected token.
643 * If not, generate an error and skip until the next anchor.
645 static void expect(token_kind_t const expected)
647 if (skip_till(expected, NULL))
651 static symbol_t *expect_identifier(char const *const context, source_position_t *const pos)
653 if (!skip_till(T_IDENTIFIER, context))
655 symbol_t *const sym = token.base.symbol;
663 * Push a given scope on the scope stack and make it the
666 static scope_t *scope_push(scope_t *new_scope)
668 if (current_scope != NULL) {
669 new_scope->depth = current_scope->depth + 1;
672 scope_t *old_scope = current_scope;
673 current_scope = new_scope;
678 * Pop the current scope from the scope stack.
680 static void scope_pop(scope_t *old_scope)
682 current_scope = old_scope;
686 * Search an entity by its symbol in a given namespace.
688 static entity_t *get_entity(const symbol_t *const symbol,
689 namespace_tag_t namespc)
691 entity_t *entity = symbol->entity;
692 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.symbol_next) {
693 if ((namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
700 /* §6.2.3:1 24) There is only one name space for tags even though three are
702 static entity_t *get_tag(symbol_t const *const symbol,
703 entity_kind_tag_t const kind)
705 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_TAG);
706 if (entity != NULL && (entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind != kind) {
708 "'%Y' defined as wrong kind of tag (previous definition %P)",
709 symbol, &entity->base.source_position);
716 * pushs an entity on the environment stack and links the corresponding symbol
719 static void stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, entity_t *entity)
721 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
722 entity_namespace_t namespc = entity->base.namespc;
723 assert(namespc != 0);
725 /* replace/add entity into entity list of the symbol */
728 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
733 /* replace an entry? */
734 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc) {
735 entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
741 /* remember old declaration */
743 entry.symbol = symbol;
744 entry.old_entity = iter;
745 entry.namespc = namespc;
746 ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
750 * Push an entity on the environment stack.
752 static void environment_push(entity_t *entity)
754 assert(entity->base.source_position.input_name != NULL);
755 assert(entity->base.parent_scope != NULL);
756 stack_push(&environment_stack, entity);
760 * Push a declaration on the global label stack.
762 * @param declaration the declaration
764 static void label_push(entity_t *label)
766 /* we abuse the parameters scope as parent for the labels */
767 label->base.parent_scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
768 stack_push(&label_stack, label);
772 * pops symbols from the environment stack until @p new_top is the top element
774 static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
776 stack_entry_t *stack = *stack_ptr;
777 size_t top = ARR_LEN(stack);
780 assert(new_top <= top);
784 for (i = top; i > new_top; --i) {
785 stack_entry_t *entry = &stack[i - 1];
787 entity_t *old_entity = entry->old_entity;
788 symbol_t *symbol = entry->symbol;
789 entity_namespace_t namespc = entry->namespc;
791 /* replace with old_entity/remove */
794 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
796 assert(iter != NULL);
797 /* replace an entry? */
798 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc)
802 /* restore definition from outer scopes (if there was one) */
803 if (old_entity != NULL) {
804 old_entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
805 *anchor = old_entity;
807 /* remove entry from list */
808 *anchor = iter->base.symbol_next;
812 ARR_SHRINKLEN(*stack_ptr, new_top);
816 * Pop all entries from the environment stack until the new_top
819 * @param new_top the new stack top
821 static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
823 stack_pop_to(&environment_stack, new_top);
827 * Pop all entries from the global label stack until the new_top
830 * @param new_top the new stack top
832 static void label_pop_to(size_t new_top)
834 stack_pop_to(&label_stack, new_top);
837 static atomic_type_kind_t get_akind(const type_t *type)
839 assert(type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || type->kind == TYPE_COMPLEX
840 || type->kind == TYPE_IMAGINARY || type->kind == TYPE_ENUM);
841 return type->atomic.akind;
845 * §6.3.1.1:2 Do integer promotion for a given type.
847 * @param type the type to promote
848 * @return the promoted type
850 static type_t *promote_integer(type_t *type)
852 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) < get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT))
859 * Check if a given expression represents a null pointer constant.
861 * @param expression the expression to check
863 static bool is_null_pointer_constant(const expression_t *expression)
865 /* skip void* cast */
866 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
867 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
868 if (types_compatible(type, type_void_ptr))
869 expression = expression->unary.value;
872 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
873 if (!is_type_integer(type))
875 switch (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
876 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return true;
877 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return !fold_constant_to_bool(expression);
878 default: return false;
883 * Create an implicit cast expression.
885 * @param expression the expression to cast
886 * @param dest_type the destination type
888 static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
891 type_t *const source_type = expression->base.type;
893 if (source_type == dest_type)
896 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
897 cast->unary.value = expression;
898 cast->base.type = dest_type;
899 cast->base.implicit = true;
904 typedef enum assign_error_t {
906 ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE,
907 ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING,
908 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE,
909 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT,
910 ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER
913 static void report_assign_error(assign_error_t error, type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t const *const right, char const *const context, source_position_t const *const pos)
915 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
916 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
917 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
922 case ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE:
923 errorf(pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right);
926 case ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING: {
927 type_t *points_to_left = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
928 type_t *points_to_right = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
930 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
931 unsigned missing_qualifiers = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
932 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s from type '%T' lacks qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right, missing_qualifiers);
936 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE:
937 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with '%E' of type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, right, orig_type_right);
940 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT:
941 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes pointer '%T' from integer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
944 case ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER:
945 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes integer '%T' from pointer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
949 panic("invalid error value");
953 /** Implements the rules from §6.5.16.1 */
954 static assign_error_t semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left,
955 const expression_t *const right)
957 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
958 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
959 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
961 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
962 if (is_null_pointer_constant(right)) {
963 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
964 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
965 type_t *points_to_left
966 = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
967 type_t *points_to_right
968 = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
969 assign_error_t res = ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
971 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
972 unsigned missing_qualifiers
973 = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
974 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
975 res = ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING;
978 points_to_left = get_unqualified_type(points_to_left);
979 points_to_right = get_unqualified_type(points_to_right);
981 if (is_type_void(points_to_left))
984 if (is_type_void(points_to_right)) {
985 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:6 */
986 return c_mode & _CXX ? ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE : res;
989 if (!types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
990 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE;
994 } else if (is_type_integer(type_right)) {
995 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT;
997 } else if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
998 (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
999 && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
1000 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1001 } else if (is_type_compound(type_left) && is_type_compound(type_right)) {
1002 type_t *const unqual_type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
1003 type_t *const unqual_type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
1004 if (types_compatible(unqual_type_left, unqual_type_right)) {
1005 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1007 } else if (is_type_integer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
1008 return ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER;
1011 if (!is_type_valid(type_left) || !is_type_valid(type_right))
1012 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1014 return ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
1017 static expression_t *parse_constant_expression(void)
1019 expression_t *result = parse_subexpression(PREC_CONDITIONAL);
1021 if (is_constant_expression(result) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
1022 errorf(&result->base.source_position,
1023 "expression '%E' is not constant", result);
1029 static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
1031 return parse_subexpression(PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
1034 static void append_string(string_t const *const s)
1036 /* FIXME Using the ast_obstack is a hack. Using the symbol_obstack is not
1037 * possible, because other tokens are grown there alongside. */
1038 obstack_grow(&ast_obstack, s->begin, s->size);
1041 static string_t finish_string(void)
1043 obstack_1grow(&ast_obstack, '\0');
1044 size_t const size = obstack_object_size(&ast_obstack) - 1;
1045 char const *const string = obstack_finish(&ast_obstack);
1046 return (string_t){ string, size };
1049 static string_t concat_string_literals(string_encoding_t *const out_enc)
1051 assert(token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1054 string_encoding_t enc = token.string.encoding;
1055 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
1056 append_string(&token.string.string);
1057 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1058 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
1060 if (token.string.encoding != STRING_ENCODING_CHAR) {
1061 enc = token.string.encoding;
1063 append_string(&token.string.string);
1064 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1065 } while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1066 result = finish_string();
1068 result = token.string.string;
1069 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1076 static string_t parse_string_literals(char const *const context)
1078 if (!skip_till(T_STRING_LITERAL, context))
1079 return (string_t){ "", 0 };
1081 string_encoding_t enc;
1082 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
1083 string_t const res = concat_string_literals(&enc);
1085 if (enc != STRING_ENCODING_CHAR) {
1086 errorf(&pos, "expected plain string literal, got wide string literal");
1092 static attribute_t *allocate_attribute_zero(attribute_kind_t kind)
1094 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*attribute));
1095 attribute->kind = kind;
1096 attribute->source_position = *HERE;
1101 * Parse (gcc) attribute argument. From gcc comments in gcc source:
1104 * __attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
1108 * attribute_list , attrib
1113 * any-word ( identifier )
1114 * any-word ( identifier , nonempty-expr-list )
1115 * any-word ( expr-list )
1117 * where the "identifier" must not be declared as a type, and
1118 * "any-word" may be any identifier (including one declared as a
1119 * type), a reserved word storage class specifier, type specifier or
1120 * type qualifier. ??? This still leaves out most reserved keywords
1121 * (following the old parser), shouldn't we include them, and why not
1122 * allow identifiers declared as types to start the arguments?
1124 * Matze: this all looks confusing and little systematic, so we're even less
1125 * strict and parse any list of things which are identifiers or
1126 * (assignment-)expressions.
1128 static attribute_argument_t *parse_attribute_arguments(void)
1130 attribute_argument_t *first = NULL;
1131 attribute_argument_t **anchor = &first;
1132 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1133 attribute_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
1135 /* is it an identifier */
1136 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER
1137 && (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
1138 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_SYMBOL;
1139 argument->v.symbol = token.base.symbol;
1142 /* must be an expression */
1143 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1145 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_EXPRESSION;
1146 argument->v.expression = expression;
1149 /* append argument */
1151 anchor = &argument->next;
1152 } while (next_if(','));
1157 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_asm(void)
1159 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_GNU_ASM);
1162 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1166 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu_single(void)
1168 /* parse "any-word" */
1169 symbol_t *const symbol = token.base.symbol;
1170 if (symbol == NULL) {
1171 parse_error_expected("while parsing attribute((", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
1175 attribute_kind_t kind;
1176 char const *const name = symbol->string;
1177 for (kind = ATTRIBUTE_GNU_FIRST;; ++kind) {
1178 if (kind > ATTRIBUTE_GNU_LAST) {
1179 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown attribute '%s' ignored", name);
1180 /* TODO: we should still save the attribute in the list... */
1181 kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
1185 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(kind);
1186 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq_underscore(attribute_name, name))
1190 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
1193 /* parse arguments */
1195 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1200 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu(void)
1202 attribute_t *first = NULL;
1203 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1205 eat(T___attribute__);
1206 add_anchor_token(')');
1207 add_anchor_token(',');
1211 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1212 attribute_t *attribute = parse_attribute_gnu_single();
1214 *anchor = attribute;
1215 anchor = &attribute->next;
1217 } while (next_if(','));
1218 rem_anchor_token(',');
1219 rem_anchor_token(')');
1226 /** Parse attributes. */
1227 static attribute_t *parse_attributes(attribute_t *first)
1229 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1231 while (*anchor != NULL)
1232 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
1234 attribute_t *attribute;
1235 switch (token.kind) {
1236 case T___attribute__:
1237 attribute = parse_attribute_gnu();
1238 if (attribute == NULL)
1243 attribute = parse_attribute_asm();
1247 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_CDECL);
1252 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FASTCALL);
1256 case T__forceinline:
1257 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FORCEINLINE);
1258 eat(T__forceinline);
1262 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_STDCALL);
1267 /* TODO record modifier */
1268 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "Ignoring declaration modifier %K", &token);
1269 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_THISCALL);
1277 *anchor = attribute;
1278 anchor = &attribute->next;
1282 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *expr, entity_t *lhs_ent);
1284 static entity_t *determine_lhs_ent(expression_t *const expr,
1287 switch (expr->kind) {
1288 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1289 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1290 /* we should only find variables as lvalues... */
1291 if (entity->base.kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1292 && entity->base.kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1298 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1299 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1300 entity_t * ent = NULL;
1301 if (is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1302 ent = determine_lhs_ent(ref, lhs_ent);
1305 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1307 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1312 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1313 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1314 return determine_lhs_ent(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1318 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1319 expression_t *const val = expr->unary.value;
1320 if (val->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
1322 return determine_lhs_ent(val->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1324 mark_vars_read(val, NULL);
1330 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
1335 #define ENT_ANY ((entity_t*)-1)
1338 * Mark declarations, which are read. This is used to detect variables, which
1342 * x is not marked as "read", because it is only read to calculate its own new
1346 * x and y are not detected as "not read", because multiple variables are
1349 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *const expr, entity_t *lhs_ent)
1351 switch (expr->kind) {
1352 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1353 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1354 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1355 && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1358 if (lhs_ent != entity && lhs_ent != ENT_ANY) {
1359 entity->variable.read = true;
1365 // TODO respect pure/const
1366 mark_vars_read(expr->call.function, NULL);
1367 for (call_argument_t *arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
1368 mark_vars_read(arg->expression, NULL);
1372 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
1373 // TODO lhs_decl should depend on whether true/false have an effect
1374 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.condition, NULL);
1375 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL)
1376 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.true_expression, lhs_ent);
1377 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.false_expression, lhs_ent);
1381 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY
1382 && !is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1384 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1387 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1388 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1389 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1390 if (!is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1391 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1394 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1399 mark_vars_read(expr->va_arge.ap, lhs_ent);
1403 mark_vars_read(expr->va_copye.src, lhs_ent);
1406 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1407 /* Special case: Use void cast to mark a variable as "read" */
1408 if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1413 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1414 if (expr->unary.value == NULL)
1417 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1418 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1419 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1420 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1424 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1425 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1426 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1427 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1428 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1429 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1430 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1431 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1432 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1433 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
1435 mark_vars_read(expr->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1438 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1439 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1440 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1441 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1442 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1443 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1444 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1445 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1446 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1447 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1448 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1449 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1450 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1451 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1452 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1453 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1454 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1455 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1456 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1457 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1458 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1459 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1460 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1461 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1462 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1463 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1464 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1467 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1468 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1469 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1470 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1471 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1472 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1473 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1474 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1475 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1476 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1477 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: {
1478 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1480 lhs_ent = determine_lhs_ent(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1481 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1486 determine_lhs_ent(expr->va_starte.ap, lhs_ent);
1489 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1490 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1492 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1493 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO init?
1495 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1498 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1499 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1501 case EXPR_STATEMENT: // TODO
1502 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1503 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1507 panic("unhandled expression");
1510 static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
1512 designator_t *result = NULL;
1513 designator_t **anchor = &result;
1516 designator_t *designator;
1517 switch (token.kind) {
1519 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1520 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1522 add_anchor_token(']');
1523 designator->array_index = parse_constant_expression();
1524 rem_anchor_token(']');
1528 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1529 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1531 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing designator", NULL);
1532 if (!designator->symbol)
1540 assert(designator != NULL);
1541 *anchor = designator;
1542 anchor = &designator->next;
1546 static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *const type, string_encoding_t const enc, string_t const *const string)
1548 /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
1551 initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_STRING);
1552 initializer->string.encoding = enc;
1553 initializer->string.string = *string;
1559 * Build an initializer from a given expression.
1561 static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *orig_type,
1562 expression_t *expression)
1564 /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
1566 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1568 /* §6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
1569 if (expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL && is_type_array(type)) {
1570 array_type_t *const array_type = &type->array;
1571 type_t *const element_type = skip_typeref(array_type->element_type);
1572 switch (expression->string_literal.encoding) {
1573 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR: {
1574 if (is_type_atomic(element_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR) ||
1575 is_type_atomic(element_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR) ||
1576 is_type_atomic(element_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR)) {
1577 goto make_string_init;
1582 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE: {
1583 type_t *bare_wchar_type = skip_typeref(type_wchar_t);
1584 if (get_unqualified_type(element_type) == bare_wchar_type) {
1586 return initializer_from_string(array_type, expression->string_literal.encoding, &expression->string_literal.value);
1593 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type, expression);
1594 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE)
1596 report_assign_error(error, type, expression, "initializer",
1597 &expression->base.source_position);
1599 initializer_t *const result = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
1600 result->value.value = create_implicit_cast(expression, type);
1606 * Parses an scalar initializer.
1608 * §6.7.8.11; eat {} without warning
1610 static initializer_t *parse_scalar_initializer(type_t *type,
1611 bool must_be_constant)
1613 /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
1615 if (token.kind == '{') {
1616 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "extra curly braces around scalar initializer");
1620 } while (token.kind == '{');
1623 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1624 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
1625 if (must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
1626 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1627 "initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
1631 initializer_t *initializer = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
1633 if (initializer == NULL) {
1634 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1635 "expression '%E' (type '%T') doesn't match expected type '%T'",
1636 expression, expression->base.type, type);
1641 bool additional_warning_displayed = false;
1642 while (braces > 0) {
1644 if (token.kind != '}') {
1645 if (!additional_warning_displayed) {
1646 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "additional elements in scalar initializer");
1647 additional_warning_displayed = true;
1658 * An entry in the type path.
1660 typedef struct type_path_entry_t type_path_entry_t;
1661 struct type_path_entry_t {
1662 type_t *type; /**< the upper top type. restored to path->top_tye if this entry is popped. */
1664 size_t index; /**< For array types: the current index. */
1665 declaration_t *compound_entry; /**< For compound types: the current declaration. */
1670 * A type path expression a position inside compound or array types.
1672 typedef struct type_path_t type_path_t;
1673 struct type_path_t {
1674 type_path_entry_t *path; /**< An flexible array containing the current path. */
1675 type_t *top_type; /**< type of the element the path points */
1676 size_t max_index; /**< largest index in outermost array */
1680 * Prints a type path for debugging.
1682 static __attribute__((unused)) void debug_print_type_path(
1683 const type_path_t *path)
1685 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1687 for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
1688 const type_path_entry_t *entry = & path->path[i];
1690 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
1691 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
1692 /* in gcc mode structs can have no members */
1693 if (entry->v.compound_entry == NULL) {
1697 fprintf(stderr, ".%s",
1698 entry->v.compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
1699 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1700 fprintf(stderr, "[%u]", (unsigned) entry->v.index);
1702 fprintf(stderr, "-INVALID-");
1705 if (path->top_type != NULL) {
1706 fprintf(stderr, " (");
1707 print_type(path->top_type);
1708 fprintf(stderr, ")");
1713 * Return the top type path entry, ie. in a path
1714 * (type).a.b returns the b.
1716 static type_path_entry_t *get_type_path_top(const type_path_t *path)
1718 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1720 return &path->path[len-1];
1724 * Enlarge the type path by an (empty) element.
1726 static type_path_entry_t *append_to_type_path(type_path_t *path)
1728 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1729 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len+1);
1731 type_path_entry_t *result = & path->path[len];
1732 memset(result, 0, sizeof(result[0]));
1737 * Descending into a sub-type. Enter the scope of the current top_type.
1739 static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1741 type_t *orig_top_type = path->top_type;
1742 type_t *top_type = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);
1744 type_path_entry_t *top = append_to_type_path(path);
1745 top->type = top_type;
1747 if (is_type_compound(top_type)) {
1748 compound_t *const compound = top_type->compound.compound;
1749 entity_t *const entry = skip_unnamed_bitfields(compound->members.entities);
1751 if (entry != NULL) {
1752 top->v.compound_entry = &entry->declaration;
1753 path->top_type = entry->declaration.type;
1755 path->top_type = NULL;
1757 } else if (is_type_array(top_type)) {
1759 path->top_type = top_type->array.element_type;
1761 assert(!is_type_valid(top_type));
1766 * Pop an entry from the given type path, ie. returning from
1767 * (type).a.b to (type).a
1769 static void ascend_from_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1771 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1773 path->top_type = top->type;
1775 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1776 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len-1);
1780 * Pop entries from the given type path until the given
1781 * path level is reached.
1783 static void ascend_to(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1785 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1787 while (len > top_path_level) {
1788 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1789 len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1793 static bool walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator,
1794 bool used_in_offsetof)
1796 for (; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
1797 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1798 type_t *orig_type = top->type;
1800 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1802 if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
1803 symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;
1804 if (!is_type_compound(type)) {
1805 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1806 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1807 "'.%Y' designator used for non-compound type '%T'",
1811 top->type = type_error_type;
1812 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1813 orig_type = type_error_type;
1815 compound_t *compound = type->compound.compound;
1816 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
1817 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
1818 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
1823 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1824 "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
1827 assert(iter->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
1828 if (used_in_offsetof && iter->compound_member.bitfield) {
1829 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1830 "offsetof designator '%Y' must not specify bitfield",
1835 top->type = orig_type;
1836 top->v.compound_entry = &iter->declaration;
1837 orig_type = iter->declaration.type;
1840 expression_t *array_index = designator->array_index;
1841 if (is_constant_expression(array_index) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1844 if (!is_type_array(type)) {
1845 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1846 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1847 "[%E] designator used for non-array type '%T'",
1848 array_index, orig_type);
1853 long index = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
1854 if (!used_in_offsetof) {
1856 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1857 "array index [%E] must be positive", array_index);
1858 } else if (type->array.size_constant) {
1859 long array_size = type->array.size;
1860 if (index >= array_size) {
1861 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1862 "designator [%E] (%d) exceeds array size %d",
1863 array_index, index, array_size);
1868 top->type = orig_type;
1869 top->v.index = (size_t) index;
1870 orig_type = type->array.element_type;
1872 path->top_type = orig_type;
1874 if (designator->next != NULL) {
1875 descend_into_subtype(path);
1881 static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1883 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1885 type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
1886 if (is_type_union(type)) {
1887 /* in unions only the first element is initialized */
1888 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1889 } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
1890 declaration_t *entry = top->v.compound_entry;
1892 entity_t *const next_entity = skip_unnamed_bitfields(entry->base.next);
1893 if (next_entity != NULL) {
1894 assert(is_declaration(next_entity));
1895 entry = &next_entity->declaration;
1900 top->v.compound_entry = entry;
1901 if (entry != NULL) {
1902 path->top_type = entry->type;
1905 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1906 assert(is_type_array(type));
1910 if (!type->array.size_constant || top->v.index < type->array.size) {
1914 assert(!is_type_valid(type));
1918 /* we're past the last member of the current sub-aggregate, try if we
1919 * can ascend in the type hierarchy and continue with another subobject */
1920 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1922 if (len > top_path_level) {
1923 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1924 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
1926 path->top_type = NULL;
1931 * skip any {...} blocks until a closing bracket is reached.
1933 static void skip_initializers(void)
1937 while (token.kind != '}') {
1938 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
1940 if (token.kind == '{') {
1948 static initializer_t *create_empty_initializer(void)
1950 static initializer_t empty_initializer
1951 = { .list = { { INITIALIZER_LIST }, 0 } };
1952 return &empty_initializer;
1956 * Parse a part of an initialiser for a struct or union,
1958 static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_path_t *path,
1959 type_t *outer_type, size_t top_path_level,
1960 parse_initializer_env_t *env)
1962 if (token.kind == '}') {
1963 /* empty initializer */
1964 return create_empty_initializer();
1967 type_t *orig_type = path->top_type;
1968 type_t *type = NULL;
1970 if (orig_type == NULL) {
1971 /* We are initializing an empty compound. */
1973 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1976 initializer_t **initializers = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
1979 designator_t *designator = NULL;
1980 if (token.kind == '.' || token.kind == '[') {
1981 designator = parse_designation();
1982 goto finish_designator;
1983 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER && look_ahead(1)->kind == ':') {
1984 /* GNU-style designator ("identifier: value") */
1985 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1986 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1987 designator->symbol = token.base.symbol;
1992 /* reset path to toplevel, evaluate designator from there */
1993 ascend_to(path, top_path_level);
1994 if (!walk_designator(path, designator, false)) {
1995 /* can't continue after designation error */
1999 initializer_t *designator_initializer
2000 = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR);
2001 designator_initializer->designator.designator = designator;
2002 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, designator_initializer);
2004 orig_type = path->top_type;
2005 type = orig_type != NULL ? skip_typeref(orig_type) : NULL;
2010 if (token.kind == '{') {
2011 if (type != NULL && is_type_scalar(type)) {
2012 sub = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2015 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2016 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2018 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer");
2023 descend_into_subtype(path);
2026 add_anchor_token('}');
2027 sub = parse_sub_initializer(path, orig_type, top_path_level+1,
2029 rem_anchor_token('}');
2034 goto error_parse_next;
2036 ascend_from_subtype(path);
2039 /* must be an expression */
2040 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
2041 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
2043 if (env->must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
2044 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2045 "Initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
2050 /* we are already outside, ... */
2051 if (outer_type == NULL)
2052 goto error_parse_next;
2053 type_t *const outer_type_skip = skip_typeref(outer_type);
2054 if (is_type_compound(outer_type_skip) &&
2055 !outer_type_skip->compound.compound->complete) {
2056 goto error_parse_next;
2059 source_position_t const* const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
2060 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2061 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2063 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer");
2065 goto error_parse_next;
2068 /* handle { "string" } special case */
2069 if (expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL && outer_type != NULL) {
2070 sub = initializer_from_expression(outer_type, expression);
2073 if (token.kind != '}') {
2074 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "excessive elements in initializer for type '%T'", orig_type);
2076 /* TODO: eat , ... */
2081 /* descend into subtypes until expression matches type */
2083 orig_type = path->top_type;
2084 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2086 sub = initializer_from_expression(orig_type, expression);
2090 if (!is_type_valid(type)) {
2093 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2094 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2095 "expression '%E' doesn't match expected type '%T'",
2096 expression, orig_type);
2100 descend_into_subtype(path);
2104 /* update largest index of top array */
2105 const type_path_entry_t *first = &path->path[0];
2106 type_t *first_type = first->type;
2107 first_type = skip_typeref(first_type);
2108 if (is_type_array(first_type)) {
2109 size_t index = first->v.index;
2110 if (index > path->max_index)
2111 path->max_index = index;
2114 /* append to initializers list */
2115 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, sub);
2118 if (token.kind == '}') {
2121 add_anchor_token('}');
2123 rem_anchor_token('}');
2124 if (token.kind == '}') {
2129 /* advance to the next declaration if we are not at the end */
2130 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
2131 orig_type = path->top_type;
2132 if (orig_type != NULL)
2133 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2139 size_t len = ARR_LEN(initializers);
2140 size_t size = sizeof(initializer_list_t) + len * sizeof(initializers[0]);
2141 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(size);
2142 result->kind = INITIALIZER_LIST;
2143 result->list.len = len;
2144 memcpy(&result->list.initializers, initializers,
2145 len * sizeof(initializers[0]));
2147 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2148 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2153 skip_initializers();
2154 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2155 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2159 static expression_t *make_size_literal(size_t value)
2161 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER);
2162 literal->base.type = type_size_t;
2165 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", (unsigned) value);
2166 literal->literal.value = make_string(buf);
2172 * Parses an initializer. Parsers either a compound literal
2173 * (env->declaration == NULL) or an initializer of a declaration.
2175 static initializer_t *parse_initializer(parse_initializer_env_t *env)
2177 type_t *type = skip_typeref(env->type);
2178 size_t max_index = 0;
2179 initializer_t *result;
2181 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2182 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2183 } else if (token.kind == '{') {
2187 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
2188 path.top_type = env->type;
2189 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
2191 descend_into_subtype(&path);
2193 add_anchor_token('}');
2194 result = parse_sub_initializer(&path, env->type, 1, env);
2195 rem_anchor_token('}');
2197 max_index = path.max_index;
2198 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
2202 /* parse_scalar_initializer() also works in this case: we simply
2203 * have an expression without {} around it */
2204 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2207 /* §6.7.8:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size determine
2208 * the array type size */
2209 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.size_expression == NULL
2210 && result != NULL) {
2212 switch (result->kind) {
2213 case INITIALIZER_LIST:
2214 assert(max_index != 0xdeadbeaf);
2215 size = max_index + 1;
2218 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
2219 size = get_string_len(result->string.encoding, &result->string.string) + 1;
2222 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
2223 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
2224 /* can happen for parse errors */
2229 internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid initializer type");
2232 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
2234 new_type->array.size_expression = make_size_literal(size);
2235 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
2236 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
2237 new_type->array.size = size;
2238 env->type = new_type;
2244 static void append_entity(scope_t *scope, entity_t *entity)
2246 if (scope->last_entity != NULL) {
2247 scope->last_entity->base.next = entity;
2249 scope->entities = entity;
2251 entity->base.parent_entity = current_entity;
2252 scope->last_entity = entity;
2256 static compound_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
2258 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2259 eat(is_struct ? T_struct : T_union);
2261 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
2262 entity_t *entity = NULL;
2263 attribute_t *attributes = NULL;
2265 if (token.kind == T___attribute__) {
2266 attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
2269 entity_kind_tag_t const kind = is_struct ? ENTITY_STRUCT : ENTITY_UNION;
2270 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2271 /* the compound has a name, check if we have seen it already */
2272 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2273 entity = get_tag(symbol, kind);
2276 if (entity != NULL) {
2277 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2278 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2279 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2280 * existing definition in outer scope */
2282 } else if (entity->compound.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2283 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2284 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2285 /* clear members in the hope to avoid further errors */
2286 entity->compound.members.entities = NULL;
2289 } else if (token.kind != '{') {
2290 char const *const msg =
2291 is_struct ? "while parsing struct type specifier" :
2292 "while parsing union type specifier";
2293 parse_error_expected(msg, T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2298 if (entity == NULL) {
2299 entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2300 entity->compound.alignment = 1;
2301 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2302 if (symbol != NULL) {
2303 environment_push(entity);
2305 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2308 if (token.kind == '{') {
2309 parse_compound_type_entries(&entity->compound);
2311 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2312 if (symbol == NULL) {
2313 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2314 anonymous_entity = entity;
2318 if (attributes != NULL) {
2319 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
2322 return &entity->compound;
2325 static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *const enum_type)
2329 if (token.kind == '}') {
2330 errorf(HERE, "empty enum not allowed");
2335 add_anchor_token('}');
2336 add_anchor_token(',');
2338 add_anchor_token('=');
2339 source_position_t pos;
2340 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing enum entry", &pos);
2341 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, &pos);
2342 entity->enum_value.enum_type = enum_type;
2343 rem_anchor_token('=');
2346 expression_t *value = parse_constant_expression();
2348 value = create_implicit_cast(value, enum_type);
2349 entity->enum_value.value = value;
2354 record_entity(entity, false);
2355 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind != '}');
2356 rem_anchor_token(',');
2357 rem_anchor_token('}');
2362 static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
2364 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2369 switch (token.kind) {
2371 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2372 entity = get_tag(symbol, ENTITY_ENUM);
2375 if (entity != NULL) {
2376 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2377 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2378 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2379 * existing definition in outer scope */
2381 } else if (entity->enume.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2382 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2383 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2394 parse_error_expected("while parsing enum type specifier",
2395 T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2399 if (entity == NULL) {
2400 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2401 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2404 type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ENUM);
2405 type->enumt.enume = &entity->enume;
2406 type->enumt.base.akind = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2408 if (token.kind == '{') {
2409 if (symbol != NULL) {
2410 environment_push(entity);
2412 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2413 entity->enume.complete = true;
2415 parse_enum_entries(type);
2416 parse_attributes(NULL);
2418 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2419 if (symbol == NULL) {
2420 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2421 anonymous_entity = entity;
2423 } else if (!entity->enume.complete && !(c_mode & _GNUC)) {
2424 errorf(HERE, "'%T' used before definition (incomplete enums are a GNU extension)", type);
2431 * if a symbol is a typedef to another type, return true
2433 static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
2435 const entity_t *const entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2436 return entity != NULL && entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF;
2439 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
2445 add_anchor_token(')');
2448 expression_t *expression = NULL;
2450 switch (token.kind) {
2452 if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
2454 type = parse_typename();
2457 expression = parse_expression();
2458 type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
2463 rem_anchor_token(')');
2466 type_t *typeof_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEOF);
2467 typeof_type->typeoft.expression = expression;
2468 typeof_type->typeoft.typeof_type = type;
2473 typedef enum specifiers_t {
2474 SPECIFIER_SIGNED = 1 << 0,
2475 SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED = 1 << 1,
2476 SPECIFIER_LONG = 1 << 2,
2477 SPECIFIER_INT = 1 << 3,
2478 SPECIFIER_DOUBLE = 1 << 4,
2479 SPECIFIER_CHAR = 1 << 5,
2480 SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T = 1 << 6,
2481 SPECIFIER_SHORT = 1 << 7,
2482 SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG = 1 << 8,
2483 SPECIFIER_FLOAT = 1 << 9,
2484 SPECIFIER_BOOL = 1 << 10,
2485 SPECIFIER_VOID = 1 << 11,
2486 SPECIFIER_INT8 = 1 << 12,
2487 SPECIFIER_INT16 = 1 << 13,
2488 SPECIFIER_INT32 = 1 << 14,
2489 SPECIFIER_INT64 = 1 << 15,
2490 SPECIFIER_INT128 = 1 << 16,
2491 SPECIFIER_COMPLEX = 1 << 17,
2492 SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 18,
2495 static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
2497 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2498 if (entity == NULL || entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
2501 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2502 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2507 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute_t *attribute)
2509 attribute_property_argument_t *const property = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*property));
2511 add_anchor_token(')');
2512 add_anchor_token(',');
2516 add_anchor_token('=');
2517 source_position_t pos;
2518 symbol_t *const prop_sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", &pos);
2519 rem_anchor_token('=');
2521 symbol_t **prop = NULL;
2523 if (streq(prop_sym->string, "put")) {
2524 prop = &property->put_symbol;
2525 } else if (streq(prop_sym->string, "get")) {
2526 prop = &property->get_symbol;
2528 errorf(&pos, "expected put or get in property declspec, but got '%Y'", prop_sym);
2532 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2534 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2536 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", NULL);
2538 *prop = sym ? sym : sym_anonymous;
2539 } while (next_if(','));
2540 rem_anchor_token(',');
2541 rem_anchor_token(')');
2543 attribute->a.property = property;
2549 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single(void)
2551 attribute_kind_t kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
2552 if (next_if(T_restrict)) {
2553 kind = ATTRIBUTE_MS_RESTRICT;
2554 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2555 char const *const name = token.base.symbol->string;
2556 for (attribute_kind_t k = ATTRIBUTE_MS_FIRST; k <= ATTRIBUTE_MS_LAST;
2558 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(k);
2559 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq(attribute_name, name)) {
2565 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN) {
2566 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown __declspec '%s' ignored", name);
2569 parse_error_expected("while parsing __declspec", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
2573 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
2576 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_MS_PROPERTY) {
2577 return parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute);
2580 /* parse arguments */
2582 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
2587 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(attribute_t *first)
2591 add_anchor_token(')');
2593 if (token.kind != ')') {
2594 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
2596 while (*anchor != NULL)
2597 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
2599 attribute_t *attribute
2600 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single();
2601 if (attribute == NULL)
2604 *anchor = attribute;
2605 anchor = &attribute->next;
2606 } while (next_if(','));
2608 rem_anchor_token(')');
2613 static entity_t *create_error_entity(symbol_t *symbol, entity_kind_tag_t kind)
2615 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
2616 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
2617 entity->declaration.type = type_error_type;
2618 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
2619 } else if (kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
2620 entity->typedefe.type = type_error_type;
2621 entity->typedefe.builtin = true;
2623 if (kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
2624 record_entity(entity, false);
2628 static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
2630 type_t *type = NULL;
2631 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
2632 unsigned type_specifiers = 0;
2633 bool newtype = false;
2634 bool saw_error = false;
2636 memset(specifiers, 0, sizeof(*specifiers));
2637 specifiers->source_position = *HERE;
2640 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2642 switch (token.kind) {
2644 #define MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(token, class) \
2646 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) { \
2647 errorf(HERE, "multiple storage classes in declaration specifiers"); \
2649 specifiers->storage_class = class; \
2650 if (specifiers->thread_local) \
2651 goto check_thread_storage_class; \
2655 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_typedef, STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
2656 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_extern, STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN)
2657 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_static, STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
2658 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_auto, STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO)
2659 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_register, STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
2662 specifiers->attributes
2663 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(specifiers->attributes);
2667 if (specifiers->thread_local) {
2668 errorf(HERE, "duplicate '__thread'");
2670 specifiers->thread_local = true;
2671 check_thread_storage_class:
2672 switch (specifiers->storage_class) {
2673 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
2674 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
2675 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
2679 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO: wrong = "auto"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2680 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: wrong = "register"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2681 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF: wrong = "typedef"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2682 wrong_thread_storage_class:
2683 errorf(HERE, "'__thread' used with '%s'", wrong);
2690 /* type qualifiers */
2691 #define MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(token, qualifier) \
2693 qualifiers |= qualifier; \
2697 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
2698 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
2699 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
2700 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
2701 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
2702 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
2703 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
2704 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
2706 /* type specifiers */
2707 #define MATCH_SPECIFIER(token, specifier, name) \
2709 if (type_specifiers & specifier) { \
2710 errorf(HERE, "multiple " name " type specifiers given"); \
2712 type_specifiers |= specifier; \
2717 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "_Bool");
2718 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex, SPECIFIER_COMPLEX, "_Complex");
2719 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary");
2720 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int128, SPECIFIER_INT128, "_int128");
2721 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int16, SPECIFIER_INT16, "_int16");
2722 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int32, SPECIFIER_INT32, "_int32");
2723 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int64, SPECIFIER_INT64, "_int64");
2724 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int8, SPECIFIER_INT8, "_int8");
2725 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "bool");
2726 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_char, SPECIFIER_CHAR, "char");
2727 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_double, SPECIFIER_DOUBLE, "double");
2728 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_float, SPECIFIER_FLOAT, "float");
2729 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_int, SPECIFIER_INT, "int");
2730 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_short, SPECIFIER_SHORT, "short");
2731 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_signed, SPECIFIER_SIGNED, "signed");
2732 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_unsigned, SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED, "unsigned");
2733 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_void, SPECIFIER_VOID, "void");
2734 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_wchar_t, SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T, "wchar_t");
2738 specifiers->is_inline = true;
2742 case T__forceinline:
2743 eat(T__forceinline);
2744 specifiers->modifiers |= DM_FORCEINLINE;
2749 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG) {
2750 errorf(HERE, "too many long type specifiers given");
2751 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG) {
2752 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG;
2754 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG;
2759 #define CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE() \
2760 (type != NULL ? errorf(HERE, "multiple types in declaration specifiers") : (void)0)
2763 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2764 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
2766 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
2769 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2770 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
2771 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
2774 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2775 type = parse_enum_specifier();
2778 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2779 type = parse_typeof();
2781 case T___builtin_va_list:
2782 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2783 type = duplicate_type(type_valist);
2784 eat(T___builtin_va_list);
2787 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
2788 /* only parse identifier if we haven't found a type yet */
2789 if (type != NULL || type_specifiers != 0) {
2790 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'unsigned lng* f()' in a
2791 * declaration, so it doesn't generate errors about expecting '(' or
2793 switch (look_ahead(1)->kind) {
2800 case T__forceinline: /* ^ DECLARATION_START except for __attribute__ */
2804 errorf(HERE, "discarding stray %K in declaration specifier", &token);
2809 goto finish_specifiers;
2813 type_t *const typedef_type = get_typedef_type(token.base.symbol);
2814 if (typedef_type == NULL) {
2815 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'vodi f()' at the beginning of a
2816 * declaration, so it doesn't generate 'implicit int' followed by more
2817 * errors later on. */
2818 token_kind_t const la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
2824 errorf(HERE, "%K does not name a type", &token);
2826 entity_t *const entity = create_error_entity(token.base.symbol, ENTITY_TYPEDEF);
2828 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2829 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2837 goto finish_specifiers;
2842 type = typedef_type;
2846 /* function specifier */
2848 goto finish_specifiers;
2853 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2855 if (type == NULL || (saw_error && type_specifiers != 0)) {
2856 atomic_type_kind_t atomic_type;
2858 /* match valid basic types */
2859 switch (type_specifiers) {
2860 case SPECIFIER_VOID:
2861 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID;
2863 case SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T:
2864 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T;
2866 case SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2867 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR;
2869 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2870 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR;
2872 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2873 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR;
2875 case SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2876 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2877 case SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2878 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2879 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT;
2881 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2882 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2883 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT;
2886 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED:
2887 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2888 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2890 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED:
2891 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2892 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT;
2894 case SPECIFIER_LONG:
2895 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2896 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2897 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2898 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG;
2900 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2901 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2902 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG;
2905 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2906 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2907 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2908 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2910 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG;
2911 goto warn_about_long_long;
2913 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2914 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2916 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG;
2917 warn_about_long_long:
2918 warningf(WARN_LONG_LONG, &specifiers->source_position, "ISO C90 does not support 'long long'");
2921 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2922 atomic_type = unsigned_int8_type_kind;
2925 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2926 atomic_type = unsigned_int16_type_kind;
2929 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2930 atomic_type = unsigned_int32_type_kind;
2933 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2934 atomic_type = unsigned_int64_type_kind;
2937 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2938 atomic_type = unsigned_int128_type_kind;
2941 case SPECIFIER_INT8:
2942 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2943 atomic_type = int8_type_kind;
2946 case SPECIFIER_INT16:
2947 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2948 atomic_type = int16_type_kind;
2951 case SPECIFIER_INT32:
2952 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2953 atomic_type = int32_type_kind;
2956 case SPECIFIER_INT64:
2957 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2958 atomic_type = int64_type_kind;
2961 case SPECIFIER_INT128:
2962 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2963 atomic_type = int128_type_kind;
2966 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT:
2967 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2969 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2970 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2972 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2973 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2975 case SPECIFIER_BOOL:
2976 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL;
2978 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2979 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2980 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2982 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2983 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2984 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2986 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2987 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2988 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2991 /* invalid specifier combination, give an error message */
2992 source_position_t const* const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
2993 if (type_specifiers == 0) {
2995 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.5:4 */
2996 if (!(c_mode & _CXX) && !strict_mode) {
2997 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specifiers in declaration, using 'int'");
2998 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
3001 errorf(pos, "no type specifiers given in declaration");
3004 } else if ((type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_SIGNED) &&
3005 (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3006 errorf(pos, "signed and unsigned specifiers given");
3007 } else if (type_specifiers & (SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3008 errorf(pos, "only integer types can be signed or unsigned");
3010 errorf(pos, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3012 specifiers->type = type_error_type;
3017 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_COMPLEX) {
3018 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPLEX);
3019 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY) {
3020 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_IMAGINARY);
3022 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
3024 type->atomic.akind = atomic_type;
3026 } else if (type_specifiers != 0) {
3027 errorf(&specifiers->source_position, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3030 /* FIXME: check type qualifiers here */
3031 type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
3034 type = identify_new_type(type);
3036 type = typehash_insert(type);
3039 if (specifiers->attributes != NULL)
3040 type = handle_type_attributes(specifiers->attributes, type);
3041 specifiers->type = type;
3044 static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
3046 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
3049 switch (token.kind) {
3050 /* type qualifiers */
3051 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
3052 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
3053 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
3054 /* microsoft extended type modifiers */
3055 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
3056 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
3057 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
3058 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
3059 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
3068 * Parses an K&R identifier list
3070 static void parse_identifier_list(scope_t *scope)
3072 assert(token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3074 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, token.base.symbol, HERE);
3075 /* a K&R parameter has no type, yet */
3079 append_entity(scope, entity);
3080 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3083 static entity_t *parse_parameter(void)
3085 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
3086 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
3088 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers,
3089 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
3090 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3094 static void semantic_parameter_incomplete(const entity_t *entity)
3096 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3098 /* §6.7.5.3:4 After adjustment, the parameters in a parameter type
3099 * list in a function declarator that is part of a
3100 * definition of that function shall not have
3101 * incomplete type. */
3102 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3103 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
3104 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "'%N' has incomplete type", entity);
3108 static bool has_parameters(void)
3110 /* func(void) is not a parameter */
3111 if (look_ahead(1)->kind != ')')
3113 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
3114 entity_t const *const entity = get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
3117 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
3119 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3120 if (!is_type_void(type))
3122 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3123 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.5:2 It must be literally (void). A typedef
3124 * is not allowed. */
3125 errorf(HERE, "empty parameter list defined with a typedef of 'void' not allowed in C++");
3126 } else if (type->base.qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE) {
3127 /* §6.7.5.3:10 Qualification is not allowed here. */
3128 errorf(HERE, "'void' as parameter must not have type qualifiers");
3130 } else if (token.kind != T_void) {
3138 * Parses function type parameters (and optionally creates variable_t entities
3139 * for them in a scope)
3141 static void parse_parameters(function_type_t *type, scope_t *scope)
3143 add_anchor_token(')');
3146 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER &&
3147 !is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol) &&
3148 (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
3149 type->kr_style_parameters = true;
3150 parse_identifier_list(scope);
3151 } else if (token.kind == ')') {
3152 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.6:1 */
3153 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3154 type->unspecified_parameters = true;
3155 } else if (has_parameters()) {
3156 function_parameter_t **anchor = &type->parameters;
3157 add_anchor_token(',');
3159 switch (token.kind) {
3162 type->variadic = true;
3163 goto parameters_finished;
3168 entity_t *entity = parse_parameter();
3169 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3170 errorf(&entity->base.source_position,
3171 "typedef not allowed as function parameter");
3174 assert(is_declaration(entity));
3176 semantic_parameter_incomplete(entity);
3178 function_parameter_t *const parameter =
3179 allocate_parameter(entity->declaration.type);
3181 if (scope != NULL) {
3182 append_entity(scope, entity);
3185 *anchor = parameter;
3186 anchor = ¶meter->next;
3191 goto parameters_finished;
3193 } while (next_if(','));
3194 parameters_finished:
3195 rem_anchor_token(',');
3198 rem_anchor_token(')');
3202 typedef enum construct_type_kind_t {
3203 CONSTRUCT_POINTER = 1,
3204 CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE,
3207 } construct_type_kind_t;
3209 typedef union construct_type_t construct_type_t;
3211 typedef struct construct_type_base_t {
3212 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3213 source_position_t pos;
3214 construct_type_t *next;
3215 } construct_type_base_t;
3217 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t {
3218 construct_type_base_t base;
3219 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3220 variable_t *base_variable; /**< MS __based extension. */
3223 typedef struct parsed_reference_t {
3224 construct_type_base_t base;
3225 } parsed_reference_t;
3227 typedef struct construct_function_type_t {
3228 construct_type_base_t base;
3229 type_t *function_type;
3230 } construct_function_type_t;
3232 typedef struct parsed_array_t {
3233 construct_type_base_t base;
3234 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3240 union construct_type_t {
3241 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3242 construct_type_base_t base;
3243 parsed_pointer_t pointer;
3244 parsed_reference_t reference;
3245 construct_function_type_t function;
3246 parsed_array_t array;
3249 static construct_type_t *allocate_declarator_zero(construct_type_kind_t const kind, size_t const size)
3251 construct_type_t *const cons = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, size);
3252 memset(cons, 0, size);
3254 cons->base.pos = *HERE;
3259 static construct_type_t *parse_pointer_declarator(void)
3261 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_POINTER, sizeof(parsed_pointer_t));
3263 cons->pointer.type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3264 //cons->pointer.base_variable = base_variable;
3269 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.2 */
3270 static construct_type_t *parse_reference_declarator(void)
3272 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3273 errorf(HERE, "references are only available for C++");
3275 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE, sizeof(parsed_reference_t));
3282 static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
3284 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_ARRAY, sizeof(parsed_array_t));
3285 parsed_array_t *const array = &cons->array;
3288 add_anchor_token(']');
3290 bool is_static = next_if(T_static);
3292 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3295 is_static = next_if(T_static);
3297 array->type_qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
3298 array->is_static = is_static;
3300 expression_t *size = NULL;
3301 if (token.kind == '*' && look_ahead(1)->kind == ']') {
3302 array->is_variable = true;
3304 } else if (token.kind != ']') {
3305 size = parse_assignment_expression();
3307 /* §6.7.5.2:1 Array size must have integer type */
3308 type_t *const orig_type = size->base.type;
3309 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3310 if (!is_type_integer(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
3311 errorf(&size->base.source_position,
3312 "array size '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
3317 mark_vars_read(size, NULL);
3320 if (is_static && size == NULL)
3321 errorf(&array->base.pos, "static array parameters require a size");
3323 rem_anchor_token(']');
3329 static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(scope_t *scope)
3331 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION, sizeof(construct_function_type_t));
3333 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
3334 function_type_t *ftype = &type->function;
3336 ftype->linkage = current_linkage;
3337 ftype->calling_convention = CC_DEFAULT;
3339 parse_parameters(ftype, scope);
3341 cons->function.function_type = type;
3346 typedef struct parse_declarator_env_t {
3347 bool may_be_abstract : 1;
3348 bool must_be_abstract : 1;
3349 decl_modifiers_t modifiers;
3351 source_position_t source_position;
3353 attribute_t *attributes;
3354 } parse_declarator_env_t;
3357 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(parse_declarator_env_t *env)
3359 /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
3360 * how to construct the final declarator type */
3361 construct_type_t *first = NULL;
3362 construct_type_t **anchor = &first;
3364 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3367 construct_type_t *type;
3368 //variable_t *based = NULL; /* MS __based extension */
3369 switch (token.kind) {
3371 type = parse_reference_declarator();
3375 panic("based not supported anymore");
3380 type = parse_pointer_declarator();
3384 goto ptr_operator_end;
3388 anchor = &type->base.next;
3390 /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
3391 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3395 construct_type_t *inner_types = NULL;
3397 switch (token.kind) {
3399 if (env->must_be_abstract) {
3400 errorf(HERE, "no identifier expected in typename");
3402 env->symbol = token.base.symbol;
3403 env->source_position = *HERE;
3409 /* Parenthesized declarator or function declarator? */
3410 token_t const *const la1 = look_ahead(1);
3411 switch (la1->kind) {
3413 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
3415 /* §6.7.6:2 footnote 126: Empty parentheses in a type name are
3416 * interpreted as ``function with no parameter specification'', rather
3417 * than redundant parentheses around the omitted identifier. */
3419 /* Function declarator. */
3420 if (!env->may_be_abstract) {
3421 errorf(HERE, "function declarator must have a name");
3428 case T___attribute__: /* FIXME __attribute__ might also introduce a parameter of a function declarator. */
3429 /* Paranthesized declarator. */
3431 add_anchor_token(')');
3432 inner_types = parse_inner_declarator(env);
3433 if (inner_types != NULL) {
3434 /* All later declarators only modify the return type */
3435 env->must_be_abstract = true;
3437 rem_anchor_token(')');
3446 if (env->may_be_abstract)
3448 parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', NULL);
3453 construct_type_t **const p = anchor;
3456 construct_type_t *type;
3457 switch (token.kind) {
3459 scope_t *scope = NULL;
3460 if (!env->must_be_abstract) {
3461 scope = &env->parameters;
3464 type = parse_function_declarator(scope);
3468 type = parse_array_declarator();
3471 goto declarator_finished;
3474 /* insert in the middle of the list (at p) */
3475 type->base.next = *p;
3478 anchor = &type->base.next;
3481 declarator_finished:
3482 /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set anchor anymore
3483 * as it's not needed anymore */
3484 *anchor = inner_types;
3489 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
3492 construct_type_t *iter = construct_list;
3493 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
3494 source_position_t const* const pos = &iter->base.pos;
3495 switch (iter->kind) {
3496 case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION: {
3497 construct_function_type_t *function = &iter->function;
3498 type_t *function_type = function->function_type;
3500 function_type->function.return_type = type;
3502 type_t *skipped_return_type = skip_typeref(type);
3504 if (is_type_function(skipped_return_type)) {
3505 errorf(pos, "function returning function is not allowed");
3506 } else if (is_type_array(skipped_return_type)) {
3507 errorf(pos, "function returning array is not allowed");
3509 if (skipped_return_type->base.qualifiers != 0) {
3510 warningf(WARN_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS, pos, "type qualifiers in return type of function type are meaningless");
3514 /* The function type was constructed earlier. Freeing it here will
3515 * destroy other types. */
3516 type = typehash_insert(function_type);
3520 case CONSTRUCT_POINTER: {
3521 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3522 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a pointer to reference");
3524 parsed_pointer_t *pointer = &iter->pointer;
3525 type = make_based_pointer_type(type, pointer->type_qualifiers, pointer->base_variable);
3529 case CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE:
3530 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3531 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a reference to reference");
3533 type = make_reference_type(type);
3536 case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY: {
3537 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3538 errorf(pos, "cannot declare an array of references");
3540 parsed_array_t *array = &iter->array;
3541 type_t *array_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
3543 expression_t *size_expression = array->size;
3544 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3546 = create_implicit_cast(size_expression, type_size_t);
3549 array_type->base.qualifiers = array->type_qualifiers;
3550 array_type->array.element_type = type;
3551 array_type->array.is_static = array->is_static;
3552 array_type->array.is_variable = array->is_variable;
3553 array_type->array.size_expression = size_expression;
3555 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3556 switch (is_constant_expression(size_expression)) {
3557 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: {
3558 long const size = fold_constant_to_int(size_expression);
3559 array_type->array.size = size;
3560 array_type->array.size_constant = true;
3561 /* §6.7.5.2:1 If the expression is a constant expression,
3562 * it shall have a value greater than zero. */
3564 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3565 "size of array must be greater than zero");
3566 } else if (size == 0 && !GNU_MODE) {
3567 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3568 "size of array must be greater than zero (zero length arrays are a GCC extension)");
3573 case EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE:
3574 array_type->array.is_vla = true;
3577 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR:
3582 type_t *skipped_type = skip_typeref(type);
3584 if (is_type_incomplete(skipped_type)) {
3585 errorf(pos, "array of incomplete type '%T' is not allowed", type);
3586 } else if (is_type_function(skipped_type)) {
3587 errorf(pos, "array of functions is not allowed");
3589 type = identify_new_type(array_type);
3593 internal_errorf(pos, "invalid type construction found");
3599 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type);
3601 static type_t *semantic_parameter(const source_position_t *pos,
3603 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3604 entity_t const *const param)
3606 /* §6.7.5.3:7 A declaration of a parameter as ``array of type''
3607 * shall be adjusted to ``qualified pointer to type'',
3609 * §6.7.5.3:8 A declaration of a parameter as ``function returning
3610 * type'' shall be adjusted to ``pointer to function
3611 * returning type'', as in 6.3.2.1. */
3612 type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
3614 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3615 errorf(pos, "'%N' declared 'inline'", param);
3618 /* §6.9.1:6 The declarations in the declaration list shall contain
3619 * no storage-class specifier other than register and no
3620 * initializations. */
3621 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3622 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3623 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
3625 errorf(pos, "invalid storage class for '%N'", param);
3628 /* delay test for incomplete type, because we might have (void)
3629 * which is legal but incomplete... */
3634 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3635 declarator_flags_t flags)
3637 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3638 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3639 env.may_be_abstract = (flags & DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT) != 0;
3641 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3643 construct_declarator_type(construct_type, specifiers->type);
3644 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3646 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3647 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3650 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(env.attributes);
3651 /* append (shared) specifier attribute behind attributes of this
3653 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
3654 while (*anchor != NULL)
3655 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
3656 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
3659 if (specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
3660 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_TYPEDEF, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, &env.source_position);
3661 entity->typedefe.type = orig_type;
3663 if (anonymous_entity != NULL) {
3664 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
3665 assert(anonymous_entity->compound.alias == NULL);
3666 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_STRUCT ||
3667 anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_UNION);
3668 anonymous_entity->compound.alias = entity;
3669 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3670 } else if (is_type_enum(type)) {
3671 assert(anonymous_entity->enume.alias == NULL);
3672 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM);
3673 anonymous_entity->enume.alias = entity;
3674 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3678 /* create a declaration type entity */
3679 source_position_t const *const pos = env.symbol ? &env.source_position : &specifiers->source_position;
3680 if (flags & DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER) {
3681 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3683 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3684 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3685 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3688 if (specifiers->thread_local ||
3689 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3690 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' must have no storage class", entity);
3693 } else if (flags & DECL_IS_PARAMETER) {
3694 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3695 orig_type = semantic_parameter(&env.source_position, orig_type, specifiers, entity);
3696 } else if (is_type_function(type)) {
3697 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3698 entity->function.is_inline = specifiers->is_inline;
3699 entity->function.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3700 entity->function.parameters = env.parameters;
3702 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3703 /* this needs fixes for C++ */
3704 bool in_function_scope = current_function != NULL;
3706 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3707 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3708 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3709 (in_function_scope || specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
3711 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3715 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_VARIABLE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3716 entity->variable.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3717 entity->variable.thread_local = specifiers->thread_local;
3719 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3720 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3721 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3724 bool invalid_storage_class = false;
3725 if (current_scope == file_scope) {
3726 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3727 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3728 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3729 invalid_storage_class = true;
3732 if (specifiers->thread_local &&
3733 specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3734 invalid_storage_class = true;
3737 if (invalid_storage_class) {
3738 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3743 entity->declaration.type = orig_type;
3744 entity->declaration.alignment = get_type_alignment(orig_type);
3745 entity->declaration.modifiers = env.modifiers;
3746 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
3748 storage_class_t storage_class = specifiers->storage_class;
3749 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = storage_class;
3751 if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && current_function != NULL)
3752 storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO;
3753 entity->declaration.storage_class = storage_class;
3756 if (attributes != NULL) {
3757 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
3760 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION && !freestanding) {
3761 adapt_special_functions(&entity->function);
3767 static type_t *parse_abstract_declarator(type_t *base_type)
3769 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3770 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3771 env.may_be_abstract = true;
3772 env.must_be_abstract = true;
3774 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3776 type_t *result = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, base_type);
3777 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3778 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3780 result = handle_type_attributes(env.attributes, result);
3786 * Check if the declaration of main is suspicious. main should be a
3787 * function with external linkage, returning int, taking either zero
3788 * arguments, two, or three arguments of appropriate types, ie.
3790 * int main([ int argc, char **argv [, char **env ] ]).
3792 * @param decl the declaration to check
3793 * @param type the function type of the declaration
3795 static void check_main(const entity_t *entity)
3797 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3798 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3799 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is not a function");
3803 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3804 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is normally a non-static function");
3807 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3808 assert(is_type_function(type));
3810 function_type_t const *const func_type = &type->function;
3811 type_t *const ret_type = func_type->return_type;
3812 if (!types_compatible(skip_typeref(ret_type), type_int)) {
3813 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "return type of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", ret_type);
3815 const function_parameter_t *parm = func_type->parameters;
3817 type_t *const first_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3818 type_t *const first_type_unqual = get_unqualified_type(first_type);
3819 if (!types_compatible(first_type_unqual, type_int)) {
3820 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "first argument of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3824 type_t *const second_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3825 type_t *const second_type_unqual
3826 = get_unqualified_type(second_type);
3827 if (!types_compatible(second_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3828 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "second argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3832 type_t *const third_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3833 type_t *const third_type_unqual
3834 = get_unqualified_type(third_type);
3835 if (!types_compatible(third_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3836 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "third argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3840 goto warn_arg_count;
3844 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' takes only zero, two or three arguments");
3849 static void error_redefined_as_different_kind(const source_position_t *pos,
3850 const entity_t *old, entity_kind_t new_kind)
3852 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(new_kind);
3853 source_position_t const *const ppos = &old->base.source_position;
3854 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' as %s (declared %P)", old, what, ppos);
3857 static bool is_entity_valid(entity_t *const ent)
3859 if (is_declaration(ent)) {
3860 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->declaration.type));
3861 } else if (ent->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3862 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->typedefe.type));
3867 static bool contains_attribute(const attribute_t *list, const attribute_t *attr)
3869 for (const attribute_t *tattr = list; tattr != NULL; tattr = tattr->next) {
3870 if (attributes_equal(tattr, attr))
3877 * test wether new_list contains any attributes not included in old_list
3879 static bool has_new_attributes(const attribute_t *old_list,
3880 const attribute_t *new_list)
3882 for (const attribute_t *attr = new_list; attr != NULL; attr = attr->next) {
3883 if (!contains_attribute(old_list, attr))
3890 * Merge in attributes from an attribute list (probably from a previous
3891 * declaration with the same name). Warning: destroys the old structure
3892 * of the attribute list - don't reuse attributes after this call.
3894 static void merge_in_attributes(declaration_t *decl, attribute_t *attributes)
3897 for (attribute_t *attr = attributes; attr != NULL; attr = next) {
3899 if (contains_attribute(decl->attributes, attr))
3902 /* move attribute to new declarations attributes list */
3903 attr->next = decl->attributes;
3904 decl->attributes = attr;
3908 static bool is_main(entity_t*);
3911 * record entities for the NAMESPACE_NORMAL, and produce error messages/warnings
3912 * for various problems that occur for multiple definitions
3914 entity_t *record_entity(entity_t *entity, const bool is_definition)
3916 const symbol_t *const symbol = entity->base.symbol;
3917 const namespace_tag_t namespc = (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc;
3918 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3920 /* can happen in error cases */
3924 assert(!entity->base.parent_scope);
3925 assert(current_scope);
3926 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
3928 entity_t *const previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, namespc);
3929 /* pushing the same entity twice will break the stack structure */
3930 assert(previous_entity != entity);
3932 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3933 type_t *const orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
3934 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3936 assert(is_type_function(type));
3937 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
3938 previous_entity == NULL &&
3939 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3940 warningf(WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES, pos, "function declaration '%#N' is not a prototype", entity);
3943 if (is_main(entity)) {
3948 if (is_declaration(entity) &&
3949 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3950 current_scope != file_scope &&
3951 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3952 warningf(WARN_NESTED_EXTERNS, pos, "nested extern declaration of '%#N'", entity);
3955 if (previous_entity != NULL) {
3956 source_position_t const *const ppos = &previous_entity->base.source_position;
3958 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters &&
3959 previous_entity->base.parent_scope->depth + 1 == current_scope->depth) {
3960 assert(previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3961 errorf(pos, "declaration of '%N' redeclares the '%N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
3965 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
3966 if (previous_entity->kind != entity->kind) {
3967 if (is_entity_valid(previous_entity) && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
3968 error_redefined_as_different_kind(pos, previous_entity,
3973 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
3974 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
3977 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3978 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3979 type_t *const prev_type
3980 = skip_typeref(previous_entity->typedefe.type);
3981 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3982 /* C++ allows double typedef if they are identical
3983 * (after skipping typedefs) */
3984 if (type == prev_type)
3987 /* GCC extension: redef in system headers is allowed */
3988 if ((pos->is_system_header || ppos->is_system_header) &&
3989 types_compatible(type, prev_type))
3992 errorf(pos, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)",
3997 /* at this point we should have only VARIABLES or FUNCTIONS */
3998 assert(is_declaration(previous_entity) && is_declaration(entity));
4000 declaration_t *const prev_decl = &previous_entity->declaration;
4001 declaration_t *const decl = &entity->declaration;
4003 /* can happen for K&R style declarations */
4004 if (prev_decl->type == NULL &&
4005 previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
4006 entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER) {
4007 prev_decl->type = decl->type;
4008 prev_decl->storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4009 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = decl->declared_storage_class;
4010 prev_decl->modifiers = decl->modifiers;
4011 return previous_entity;
4014 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4015 type_t *const prev_type = skip_typeref(prev_decl->type);
4017 if (!types_compatible(type, prev_type)) {
4018 errorf(pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
4020 unsigned old_storage_class = prev_decl->storage_class;
4022 if (is_definition &&
4024 !(prev_decl->modifiers & DM_USED) &&
4025 prev_decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4026 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, ppos, "unnecessary static forward declaration for '%#N'", previous_entity);
4029 storage_class_t new_storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4031 /* pretend no storage class means extern for function
4032 * declarations (except if the previous declaration is neither
4033 * none nor extern) */
4034 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4035 /* the previous declaration could have unspecified parameters or
4036 * be a typedef, so use the new type */
4037 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters || is_definition)
4038 prev_decl->type = type;
4040 switch (old_storage_class) {
4041 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
4042 old_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4045 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
4046 if (is_definition) {
4047 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters && !is_main(entity)) {
4048 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4050 } else if (new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
4051 new_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4058 } else if (is_type_incomplete(prev_type)) {
4059 prev_decl->type = type;
4062 if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4063 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4065 warn_redundant_declaration: ;
4067 = has_new_attributes(prev_decl->attributes,
4069 if (has_new_attrs) {
4070 merge_in_attributes(decl, prev_decl->attributes);
4071 } else if (!is_definition &&
4072 is_type_valid(prev_type) &&
4073 !pos->is_system_header) {
4074 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, pos, "redundant declaration for '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4076 } else if (current_function == NULL) {
4077 if (old_storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4078 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4079 errorf(pos, "static declaration of '%N' follows non-static declaration (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4080 } else if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4081 prev_decl->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4082 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4084 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:1 */
4086 goto error_redeclaration;
4087 goto warn_redundant_declaration;
4089 } else if (is_type_valid(prev_type)) {
4090 if (old_storage_class == new_storage_class) {
4091 error_redeclaration:
4092 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4094 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' with different linkage (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4099 prev_decl->modifiers |= decl->modifiers;
4100 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4101 previous_entity->function.is_inline |= entity->function.is_inline;
4103 return previous_entity;
4107 if (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW) ||
4108 (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW_LOCAL) && previous_entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)) {
4109 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(previous_entity->kind);
4110 warningf(why, pos, "'%N' shadows %s (declared %P)", entity, what, ppos);
4114 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4115 if (is_definition &&
4116 entity->declaration.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4118 if (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES)) {
4119 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4121 goto warn_missing_declaration;
4124 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4125 if (current_scope == file_scope &&
4126 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
4127 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
4128 warn_missing_declaration:
4129 warningf(WARN_MISSING_DECLARATIONS, pos, "no previous declaration for '%#N'", entity);
4134 environment_push(entity);
4135 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
4140 static void parser_error_multiple_definition(entity_t *entity,
4141 const source_position_t *source_position)
4143 errorf(source_position, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, &entity->base.source_position);
4146 static bool is_declaration_specifier(const token_t *token)
4148 switch (token->kind) {
4152 return is_typedef_symbol(token->base.symbol);
4159 static void parse_init_declarator_rest(entity_t *entity)
4161 type_t *orig_type = type_error_type;
4163 if (entity->base.kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
4164 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4165 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized (use __typeof__ instead)", entity);
4167 assert(is_declaration(entity));
4168 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
4171 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4173 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE
4174 && entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
4175 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
4179 declaration_t *const declaration = &entity->declaration;
4180 bool must_be_constant = false;
4181 if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
4182 entity->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4183 must_be_constant = true;
4186 if (is_type_function(type)) {
4187 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4188 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized like a variable", entity);
4189 orig_type = type_error_type;
4192 parse_initializer_env_t env;
4193 env.type = orig_type;
4194 env.must_be_constant = must_be_constant;
4195 env.entity = entity;
4197 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
4199 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4200 /* §6.7.5:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size
4201 * determine the array type size */
4202 declaration->type = env.type;
4203 entity->variable.initializer = initializer;
4207 /* parse rest of a declaration without any declarator */
4208 static void parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(
4209 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
4212 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4214 source_position_t const *const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
4215 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE ||
4216 specifiers->thread_local) {
4217 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "useless storage class in empty declaration");
4220 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
4221 switch (type->kind) {
4222 case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
4223 case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
4224 if (type->compound.compound->base.symbol == NULL) {
4225 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
4234 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty declaration");
4239 static void check_variable_type_complete(entity_t *ent)
4241 if (ent->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
4244 /* §6.7:7 If an identifier for an object is declared with no linkage, the
4245 * type for the object shall be complete [...] */
4246 declaration_t *decl = &ent->declaration;
4247 if (decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN ||
4248 decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
4251 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4252 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
4255 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
4256 * are given length one. */
4257 if (is_type_array(type) && ent->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4258 ARR_APP1(declaration_t*, incomplete_arrays, decl);
4262 errorf(&ent->base.source_position, "variable '%#N' has incomplete type", ent);
4266 static void parse_declaration_rest(entity_t *ndeclaration,
4267 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
4268 parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4269 declarator_flags_t flags)
4271 add_anchor_token(';');
4272 add_anchor_token(',');
4274 entity_t *entity = finished_declaration(ndeclaration, token.kind == '=');
4276 if (token.kind == '=') {
4277 parse_init_declarator_rest(entity);
4278 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4279 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.5.3:3 The initializer can be omitted
4280 * [...] where the extern specifier is explicitly used. */
4281 declaration_t *decl = &entity->declaration;
4282 if (decl->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4283 is_type_reference(skip_typeref(decl->type))) {
4284 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4285 errorf(pos, "reference '%#N' must be initialized", entity);
4289 check_variable_type_complete(entity);
4294 add_anchor_token('=');
4295 ndeclaration = parse_declarator(specifiers, flags);
4296 rem_anchor_token('=');
4298 rem_anchor_token(',');
4299 rem_anchor_token(';');
4302 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4305 static entity_t *finished_kr_declaration(entity_t *entity, bool is_definition)
4307 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
4311 assert(entity->base.namespc == NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4312 entity_t *previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4313 if (previous_entity == NULL
4314 || previous_entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
4315 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "expected declaration of a function parameter, found '%Y'",
4320 if (is_definition) {
4321 errorf(HERE, "'%N' is initialised", entity);
4324 return record_entity(entity, false);
4327 static void parse_declaration(parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4328 declarator_flags_t flags)
4330 add_anchor_token(';');
4331 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
4332 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
4333 rem_anchor_token(';');
4335 if (token.kind == ';') {
4336 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
4338 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers, flags);
4339 parse_declaration_rest(entity, &specifiers, finished_declaration, flags);
4344 static type_t *get_default_promoted_type(type_t *orig_type)
4346 type_t *result = orig_type;
4348 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4349 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
4350 result = promote_integer(type);
4351 } else if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
4352 result = type_double;
4358 static void parse_kr_declaration_list(entity_t *entity)
4360 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4363 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
4364 assert(is_type_function(type));
4365 if (!type->function.kr_style_parameters)
4368 add_anchor_token('{');
4370 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.parameters);
4372 entity_t *parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4373 for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
4374 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL);
4375 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
4376 environment_push(parameter);
4379 /* parse declaration list */
4381 switch (token.kind) {
4383 /* This covers symbols, which are no type, too, and results in
4384 * better error messages. The typical cases are misspelled type
4385 * names and missing includes. */
4387 parse_declaration(finished_kr_declaration, DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
4397 /* update function type */
4398 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
4400 function_parameter_t *parameters = NULL;
4401 function_parameter_t **anchor = ¶meters;
4403 /* did we have an earlier prototype? */
4404 entity_t *proto_type = get_entity(entity->base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4405 if (proto_type != NULL && proto_type->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4408 function_parameter_t *proto_parameter = NULL;
4409 if (proto_type != NULL) {
4410 type_t *proto_type_type = proto_type->declaration.type;
4411 proto_parameter = proto_type_type->function.parameters;
4412 /* If a K&R function definition has a variadic prototype earlier, then
4413 * make the function definition variadic, too. This should conform to
4414 * §6.7.5.3:15 and §6.9.1:8. */
4415 new_type->function.variadic = proto_type_type->function.variadic;
4417 /* §6.9.1.7: A K&R style parameter list does NOT act as a function
4419 new_type->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
4422 bool need_incompatible_warning = false;
4423 parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4424 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next,
4426 proto_parameter == NULL ? NULL : proto_parameter->next) {
4427 if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
4430 type_t *parameter_type = parameter->declaration.type;
4431 if (parameter_type == NULL) {
4432 source_position_t const* const pos = ¶meter->base.source_position;
4434 errorf(pos, "no type specified for function '%N'", parameter);
4435 parameter_type = type_error_type;
4437 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specified for function parameter '%N', using 'int'", parameter);
4438 parameter_type = type_int;
4440 parameter->declaration.type = parameter_type;
4443 semantic_parameter_incomplete(parameter);
4445 /* we need the default promoted types for the function type */
4446 type_t *not_promoted = parameter_type;
4447 parameter_type = get_default_promoted_type(parameter_type);
4449 /* gcc special: if the type of the prototype matches the unpromoted
4450 * type don't promote */
4451 if (!strict_mode && proto_parameter != NULL) {
4452 type_t *proto_p_type = skip_typeref(proto_parameter->type);
4453 type_t *promo_skip = skip_typeref(parameter_type);
4454 type_t *param_skip = skip_typeref(not_promoted);
4455 if (!types_compatible(proto_p_type, promo_skip)
4456 && types_compatible(proto_p_type, param_skip)) {
4458 need_incompatible_warning = true;
4459 parameter_type = not_promoted;
4462 function_parameter_t *const function_parameter
4463 = allocate_parameter(parameter_type);
4465 *anchor = function_parameter;
4466 anchor = &function_parameter->next;
4469 new_type->function.parameters = parameters;
4470 new_type = identify_new_type(new_type);
4472 if (need_incompatible_warning) {
4473 symbol_t const *const sym = entity->base.symbol;
4474 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4475 source_position_t const *const ppos = &proto_type->base.source_position;
4476 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#T' (declared %P)", proto_type, new_type, sym, ppos);
4478 entity->declaration.type = new_type;
4480 rem_anchor_token('{');
4483 static bool first_err = true;
4486 * When called with first_err set, prints the name of the current function,
4489 static void print_in_function(void)
4493 char const *const file = current_function->base.base.source_position.input_name;
4494 diagnosticf("%s: In '%N':\n", file, (entity_t const*)current_function);
4499 * Check if all labels are defined in the current function.
4500 * Check if all labels are used in the current function.
4502 static void check_labels(void)
4504 for (const goto_statement_t *goto_statement = goto_first;
4505 goto_statement != NULL;
4506 goto_statement = goto_statement->next) {
4507 label_t *label = goto_statement->label;
4508 if (label->base.source_position.input_name == NULL) {
4509 print_in_function();
4510 source_position_t const *const pos = &goto_statement->base.source_position;
4511 errorf(pos, "'%N' used but not defined", (entity_t const*)label);
4515 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL)) {
4516 for (const label_statement_t *label_statement = label_first;
4517 label_statement != NULL;
4518 label_statement = label_statement->next) {
4519 label_t *label = label_statement->label;
4521 if (! label->used) {
4522 print_in_function();
4523 source_position_t const *const pos = &label_statement->base.source_position;
4524 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL, pos, "'%N' defined but not used", (entity_t const*)label);
4530 static void warn_unused_entity(warning_t const why, entity_t *entity, entity_t *const last)
4532 entity_t const *const end = last != NULL ? last->base.next : NULL;
4533 for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
4534 if (!is_declaration(entity))
4537 declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
4538 if (declaration->implicit)
4541 if (!declaration->used) {
4542 print_in_function();
4543 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is unused", entity);
4544 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE && !entity->variable.read) {
4545 print_in_function();
4546 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is never read", entity);
4551 static void check_unused_variables(statement_t *const stmt, void *const env)
4555 switch (stmt->kind) {
4556 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4557 declaration_statement_t const *const decls = &stmt->declaration;
4558 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, decls->declarations_begin, decls->declarations_end);
4563 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, stmt->fors.scope.entities, NULL);
4572 * Check declarations of current_function for unused entities.
4574 static void check_declarations(void)
4576 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER)) {
4577 const scope_t *scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
4578 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER, scope->entities, NULL);
4580 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE)) {
4581 walk_statements(current_function->statement, check_unused_variables,
4586 static int determine_truth(expression_t const* const cond)
4589 is_constant_expression(cond) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT ? 0 :
4590 fold_constant_to_bool(cond) ? 1 :
4594 static void check_reachable(statement_t *);
4595 static bool reaches_end;
4597 static bool expression_returns(expression_t const *const expr)
4599 switch (expr->kind) {
4601 expression_t const *const func = expr->call.function;
4602 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(func->base.type);
4603 if (type->kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
4604 type_t const *const points_to
4605 = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
4606 if (points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION
4607 && points_to->function.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)
4611 if (!expression_returns(func))
4614 for (call_argument_t const* arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
4615 if (!expression_returns(arg->expression))
4622 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
4623 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
4624 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
4625 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
4626 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
4627 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO descend into initialisers
4628 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
4629 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
4630 case EXPR_SIZEOF: // TODO handle obscure VLA case
4633 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
4634 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
4639 case EXPR_STATEMENT: {
4640 bool old_reaches_end = reaches_end;
4641 reaches_end = false;
4642 check_reachable(expr->statement.statement);
4643 bool returns = reaches_end;
4644 reaches_end = old_reaches_end;
4648 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
4649 // TODO handle constant expression
4651 if (!expression_returns(expr->conditional.condition))
4654 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL
4655 && expression_returns(expr->conditional.true_expression))
4658 return expression_returns(expr->conditional.false_expression);
4661 return expression_returns(expr->select.compound);
4663 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
4665 expression_returns(expr->array_access.array_ref) &&
4666 expression_returns(expr->array_access.index);
4669 return expression_returns(expr->va_starte.ap);
4672 return expression_returns(expr->va_arge.ap);
4675 return expression_returns(expr->va_copye.src);
4677 case EXPR_UNARY_CASES_MANDATORY:
4678 return expression_returns(expr->unary.value);
4680 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
4683 case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:
4684 // TODO handle constant lhs of && and ||
4686 expression_returns(expr->binary.left) &&
4687 expression_returns(expr->binary.right);
4690 panic("unhandled expression");
4693 static bool initializer_returns(initializer_t const *const init)
4695 switch (init->kind) {
4696 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
4697 return expression_returns(init->value.value);
4699 case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
4700 initializer_t * const* i = init->list.initializers;
4701 initializer_t * const* const end = i + init->list.len;
4702 bool returns = true;
4703 for (; i != end; ++i) {
4704 if (!initializer_returns(*i))
4710 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
4711 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR: // designators have no payload
4714 panic("unhandled initializer");
4717 static bool noreturn_candidate;
4719 static void check_reachable(statement_t *const stmt)
4721 if (stmt->base.reachable)
4723 if (stmt->kind != STATEMENT_DO_WHILE)
4724 stmt->base.reachable = true;
4726 statement_t *last = stmt;
4728 switch (stmt->kind) {
4729 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
4730 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
4732 next = stmt->base.next;
4735 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4736 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
4737 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
4738 entity_t const *const last_decl = decl->declarations_end;
4740 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
4741 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
4742 ent->variable.initializer != NULL &&
4743 !initializer_returns(ent->variable.initializer)) {
4746 if (ent == last_decl)
4750 next = stmt->base.next;
4754 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
4755 next = stmt->compound.statements;
4757 next = stmt->base.next;
4760 case STATEMENT_RETURN: {
4761 expression_t const *const val = stmt->returns.value;
4762 if (val == NULL || expression_returns(val))
4763 noreturn_candidate = false;
4767 case STATEMENT_IF: {
4768 if_statement_t const *const ifs = &stmt->ifs;
4769 expression_t const *const cond = ifs->condition;
4771 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4774 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4777 check_reachable(ifs->true_statement);
4782 if (ifs->false_statement != NULL) {
4783 check_reachable(ifs->false_statement);
4787 next = stmt->base.next;
4791 case STATEMENT_SWITCH: {
4792 switch_statement_t const *const switchs = &stmt->switchs;
4793 expression_t const *const expr = switchs->expression;
4795 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4798 if (is_constant_expression(expr) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
4799 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expr);
4800 case_label_statement_t * defaults = NULL;
4801 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4802 if (i->expression == NULL) {
4807 if (i->first_case <= val && val <= i->last_case) {
4808 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4813 if (defaults != NULL) {
4814 check_reachable((statement_t*)defaults);
4818 bool has_default = false;
4819 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4820 if (i->expression == NULL)
4823 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4830 next = stmt->base.next;
4834 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION: {
4835 /* Check for noreturn function call */
4836 expression_t const *const expr = stmt->expression.expression;
4837 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4840 next = stmt->base.next;
4844 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
4845 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4846 parent = parent->base.parent;
4847 if (parent == NULL) /* continue not within loop */
4851 switch (parent->kind) {
4852 case STATEMENT_WHILE: goto continue_while;
4853 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: goto continue_do_while;
4854 case STATEMENT_FOR: goto continue_for;
4860 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
4861 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4862 parent = parent->base.parent;
4863 if (parent == NULL) /* break not within loop/switch */
4866 switch (parent->kind) {
4867 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
4868 case STATEMENT_WHILE:
4869 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4872 next = parent->base.next;
4873 goto found_break_parent;
4881 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: {
4882 if (!expression_returns(stmt->computed_goto.expression))
4885 statement_t *parent = stmt->base.parent;
4886 if (parent == NULL) /* top level goto */
4892 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
4893 next = stmt->gotos.label->statement;
4894 if (next == NULL) /* missing label */
4898 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
4899 next = stmt->label.statement;
4902 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
4903 next = stmt->case_label.statement;
4906 case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
4907 while_statement_t const *const whiles = &stmt->whiles;
4908 expression_t const *const cond = whiles->condition;
4910 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4913 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4916 check_reachable(whiles->body);
4921 next = stmt->base.next;
4925 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4926 next = stmt->do_while.body;
4929 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
4930 for_statement_t *const fors = &stmt->fors;
4932 if (fors->condition_reachable)
4934 fors->condition_reachable = true;
4936 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
4941 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
4942 val = determine_truth(cond);
4948 check_reachable(fors->body);
4953 next = stmt->base.next;
4957 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY: {
4958 ms_try_statement_t const *const ms_try = &stmt->ms_try;
4959 check_reachable(ms_try->try_statement);
4960 next = ms_try->final_statement;
4964 case STATEMENT_LEAVE: {
4965 statement_t *parent = stmt;
4967 parent = parent->base.parent;
4968 if (parent == NULL) /* __leave not within __try */
4971 if (parent->kind == STATEMENT_MS_TRY) {
4973 next = parent->ms_try.final_statement;
4981 panic("invalid statement kind");
4984 while (next == NULL) {
4985 next = last->base.parent;
4987 noreturn_candidate = false;
4989 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
4990 assert(is_type_function(type));
4991 type_t *const ret = skip_typeref(type->function.return_type);
4992 if (!is_type_void(ret) &&
4993 is_type_valid(ret) &&
4994 !is_main(current_entity)) {
4995 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
4996 warningf(WARN_RETURN_TYPE, pos, "control reaches end of non-void function");
5001 switch (next->kind) {
5002 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
5003 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
5004 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
5005 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
5007 case STATEMENT_RETURN:
5008 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
5009 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
5010 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO:
5011 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
5012 case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
5013 panic("invalid control flow in function");
5015 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5016 if (next->compound.stmt_expr) {
5022 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
5023 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
5024 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
5026 next = next->base.next;
5029 case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
5031 if (next->base.reachable)
5033 next->base.reachable = true;
5035 while_statement_t const *const whiles = &next->whiles;
5036 expression_t const *const cond = whiles->condition;
5038 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5041 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5044 check_reachable(whiles->body);
5050 next = next->base.next;
5054 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: {
5056 if (next->base.reachable)
5058 next->base.reachable = true;
5060 do_while_statement_t const *const dw = &next->do_while;
5061 expression_t const *const cond = dw->condition;
5063 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5066 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5069 check_reachable(dw->body);
5075 next = next->base.next;
5079 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5081 for_statement_t *const fors = &next->fors;
5083 fors->step_reachable = true;
5085 if (fors->condition_reachable)
5087 fors->condition_reachable = true;
5089 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
5094 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
5095 val = determine_truth(cond);
5101 check_reachable(fors->body);
5107 next = next->base.next;
5111 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
5113 next = next->ms_try.final_statement;
5118 check_reachable(next);
5121 static void check_unreachable(statement_t* const stmt, void *const env)
5125 switch (stmt->kind) {
5126 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
5127 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5128 expression_t const *const cond = stmt->do_while.condition;
5129 if (determine_truth(cond) >= 0) {
5130 source_position_t const *const pos = &cond->base.source_position;
5131 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of do-while-loop is unreachable");
5136 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5137 for_statement_t const* const fors = &stmt->fors;
5139 // if init and step are unreachable, cond is unreachable, too
5140 if (!stmt->base.reachable && !fors->step_reachable) {
5141 goto warn_unreachable;
5143 if (!stmt->base.reachable && fors->initialisation != NULL) {
5144 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->initialisation->base.source_position;
5145 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "initialisation of for-statement is unreachable");
5148 if (!fors->condition_reachable && fors->condition != NULL) {
5149 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->condition->base.source_position;
5150 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of for-statement is unreachable");
5153 if (!fors->step_reachable && fors->step != NULL) {
5154 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->step->base.source_position;
5155 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "step of for-statement is unreachable");
5161 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5162 if (stmt->compound.statements != NULL)
5164 goto warn_unreachable;
5166 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
5167 /* Only warn if there is at least one declarator with an initializer.
5168 * This typically occurs in switch statements. */
5169 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
5170 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
5171 entity_t const *const last = decl->declarations_end;
5173 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
5174 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
5175 ent->variable.initializer != NULL) {
5176 goto warn_unreachable;
5186 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5187 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
5188 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "statement is unreachable");
5194 static bool is_main(entity_t *entity)
5196 static symbol_t *sym_main = NULL;
5197 if (sym_main == NULL) {
5198 sym_main = symbol_table_insert("main");
5201 if (entity->base.symbol != sym_main)
5203 /* must be in outermost scope */
5204 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)
5210 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t*);
5212 static void parse_external_declaration(void)
5214 /* function-definitions and declarations both start with declaration
5216 add_anchor_token(';');
5217 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5218 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5219 rem_anchor_token(';');
5221 /* must be a declaration */
5222 if (token.kind == ';') {
5223 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
5227 add_anchor_token(',');
5228 add_anchor_token('=');
5229 add_anchor_token(';');
5230 add_anchor_token('{');
5232 /* declarator is common to both function-definitions and declarations */
5233 entity_t *ndeclaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
5235 rem_anchor_token('{');
5236 rem_anchor_token(';');
5237 rem_anchor_token('=');
5238 rem_anchor_token(',');
5240 /* must be a declaration */
5241 switch (token.kind) {
5245 parse_declaration_rest(ndeclaration, &specifiers, record_entity,
5250 /* must be a function definition */
5251 parse_kr_declaration_list(ndeclaration);
5253 if (token.kind != '{') {
5254 parse_error_expected("while parsing function definition", '{', NULL);
5255 eat_until_matching_token(';');
5259 assert(is_declaration(ndeclaration));
5260 type_t *const orig_type = ndeclaration->declaration.type;
5261 type_t * type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5263 if (!is_type_function(type)) {
5264 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
5265 errorf(HERE, "declarator '%#N' has a body but is not a function type", ndeclaration);
5271 source_position_t const *const pos = &ndeclaration->base.source_position;
5272 if (is_typeref(orig_type)) {
5274 errorf(pos, "type of function definition '%#N' is a typedef", ndeclaration);
5277 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(type->function.return_type))) {
5278 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "'%N' returns an aggregate", ndeclaration);
5280 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters) {
5281 warningf(WARN_OLD_STYLE_DEFINITION, pos, "old-style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5283 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects ISO C style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5286 /* §6.7.5.3:14 a function definition with () means no
5287 * parameters (and not unspecified parameters) */
5288 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
5289 type->function.parameters == NULL) {
5290 type_t *copy = duplicate_type(type);
5291 copy->function.unspecified_parameters = false;
5292 type = identify_new_type(copy);
5294 ndeclaration->declaration.type = type;
5297 entity_t *const entity = record_entity(ndeclaration, true);
5298 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5299 assert(ndeclaration->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5301 function_t *const function = &entity->function;
5302 if (ndeclaration != entity) {
5303 function->parameters = ndeclaration->function.parameters;
5306 PUSH_SCOPE(&function->parameters);
5308 entity_t *parameter = function->parameters.entities;
5309 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
5310 if (parameter->base.parent_scope == &ndeclaration->function.parameters) {
5311 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5313 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL
5314 || parameter->base.parent_scope == current_scope);
5315 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5316 if (parameter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5317 errorf(¶meter->base.source_position, "parameter name omitted");
5320 environment_push(parameter);
5323 if (function->statement != NULL) {
5324 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
5327 /* parse function body */
5328 int label_stack_top = label_top();
5329 function_t *old_current_function = current_function;
5330 current_function = function;
5331 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
5335 goto_anchor = &goto_first;
5337 label_anchor = &label_first;
5339 statement_t *const body = parse_compound_statement(false);
5340 function->statement = body;
5343 check_declarations();
5344 if (is_warn_on(WARN_RETURN_TYPE) ||
5345 is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE) ||
5346 (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN) && !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN))) {
5347 noreturn_candidate = true;
5348 check_reachable(body);
5349 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE))
5350 walk_statements(body, check_unreachable, NULL);
5351 if (noreturn_candidate &&
5352 !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)) {
5353 source_position_t const *const pos = &body->base.source_position;
5354 warningf(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN, pos, "function '%#N' is candidate for attribute 'noreturn'", entity);
5358 if (is_main(entity)) {
5359 /* Force main to C linkage. */
5360 type_t *const type = entity->declaration.type;
5361 assert(is_type_function(type));
5362 if (type->function.linkage != LINKAGE_C) {
5363 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
5364 new_type->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5365 entity->declaration.type = identify_new_type(new_type);
5368 if (enable_main_collect2_hack)
5369 prepare_main_collect2(entity);
5372 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
5374 assert(current_function == function);
5375 current_function = old_current_function;
5376 label_pop_to(label_stack_top);
5382 static entity_t *find_compound_entry(compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5384 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5385 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5386 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5389 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
5391 } else if (iter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5392 /* search in anonymous structs and unions */
5393 type_t *type = skip_typeref(iter->declaration.type);
5394 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
5395 if (find_compound_entry(type->compound.compound, symbol)
5406 static void check_deprecated(const source_position_t *source_position,
5407 const entity_t *entity)
5409 if (!is_declaration(entity))
5411 if ((entity->declaration.modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) == 0)
5414 source_position_t const *const epos = &entity->base.source_position;
5415 char const *const msg = get_deprecated_string(entity->declaration.attributes);
5417 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P): \"%s\"", entity, epos, msg);
5419 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P)", entity, epos);
5424 static expression_t *create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5426 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5429 assert(entry->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5431 check_deprecated(pos, entry);
5433 expression_t *select = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_SELECT);
5434 select->select.compound = addr;
5435 select->select.compound_entry = entry;
5437 type_t *entry_type = entry->declaration.type;
5438 type_t *res_type = get_qualified_type(entry_type, qualifiers);
5440 /* bitfields need special treatment */
5441 if (entry->compound_member.bitfield) {
5442 unsigned bit_size = entry->compound_member.bit_size;
5443 /* if fewer bits than an int, convert to int (see §6.3.1.1) */
5444 if (bit_size < get_atomic_type_size(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT) * BITS_PER_BYTE) {
5445 res_type = type_int;
5449 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
5450 * code to revert this! */
5451 select->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
5458 * Find entry with symbol in compound. Search anonymous structs and unions and
5459 * creates implicit select expressions for them.
5460 * Returns the adress for the innermost compound.
5462 static expression_t *find_create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5464 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5465 compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5467 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5468 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5469 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5472 symbol_t *iter_symbol = iter->base.symbol;
5473 if (iter_symbol == NULL) {
5474 type_t *type = iter->declaration.type;
5475 if (!is_type_compound(type))
5478 compound_t *sub_compound = type->compound.compound;
5480 if (find_compound_entry(sub_compound, symbol) == NULL)
5483 expression_t *sub_addr = create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5484 sub_addr->base.source_position = *pos;
5485 sub_addr->base.implicit = true;
5486 return find_create_select(pos, sub_addr, qualifiers, sub_compound,
5490 if (iter_symbol == symbol) {
5491 return create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5498 static void parse_bitfield_member(entity_t *entity)
5502 expression_t *size = parse_constant_expression();
5505 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5506 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5507 if (!is_type_integer(skip_typeref(type))) {
5508 errorf(HERE, "bitfield base type '%T' is not an integer type",
5512 if (is_constant_expression(size) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
5513 /* error already reported by parse_constant_expression */
5514 size_long = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5516 size_long = fold_constant_to_int(size);
5518 const symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5519 const symbol_t *user_symbol
5520 = symbol == NULL ? sym_anonymous : symbol;
5521 unsigned bit_size = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5522 if (size_long < 0) {
5523 errorf(HERE, "negative width in bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5524 } else if (size_long == 0 && symbol != NULL) {
5525 errorf(HERE, "zero width for bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5526 } else if (bit_size > 0 && (unsigned)size_long > bit_size) {
5527 errorf(HERE, "width of bitfield '%Y' exceeds its type",
5530 /* hope that people don't invent crazy types with more bits
5531 * than our struct can hold */
5533 (1 << sizeof(entity->compound_member.bit_size)*8));
5537 entity->compound_member.bitfield = true;
5538 entity->compound_member.bit_size = (unsigned char)size_long;
5541 static void parse_compound_declarators(compound_t *compound,
5542 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
5544 add_anchor_token(';');
5545 add_anchor_token(',');
5549 if (token.kind == ':') {
5550 /* anonymous bitfield */
5551 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
5552 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, NULL, HERE);
5553 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5554 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5555 entity->declaration.type = type;
5557 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5559 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5560 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
5561 while (*anchor != NULL)
5562 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
5563 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
5564 if (attributes != NULL) {
5565 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5567 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
5569 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5571 entity = parse_declarator(specifiers,
5572 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5573 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
5574 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
5575 errorf(pos, "typedef not allowed as compound member");
5577 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5579 /* make sure we don't define a symbol multiple times */
5580 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5581 if (symbol != NULL) {
5582 entity_t *prev = find_compound_entry(compound, symbol);
5584 source_position_t const *const ppos = &prev->base.source_position;
5585 errorf(pos, "multiple declarations of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
5589 if (token.kind == ':') {
5590 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5592 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5593 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5595 type_t *orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
5596 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5597 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5598 errorf(pos, "'%N' must not have function type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5599 } else if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
5600 /* §6.7.2.1:16 flexible array member */
5601 if (!is_type_array(type) ||
5602 token.kind != ';' ||
5603 look_ahead(1)->kind != '}') {
5604 errorf(pos, "'%N' has incomplete type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5605 } else if (compound->members.entities == NULL) {
5606 errorf(pos, "flexible array member in otherwise empty struct");
5611 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5614 } while (next_if(','));
5615 rem_anchor_token(',');
5616 rem_anchor_token(';');
5619 anonymous_entity = NULL;
5622 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound)
5625 add_anchor_token('}');
5628 switch (token.kind) {
5630 case T___extension__:
5631 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
5633 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5634 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5635 parse_compound_declarators(compound, &specifiers);
5641 rem_anchor_token('}');
5644 compound->complete = true;
5650 static type_t *parse_typename(void)
5652 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5653 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5654 if (specifiers.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE
5655 || specifiers.thread_local) {
5656 /* TODO: improve error message, user does probably not know what a
5657 * storage class is...
5659 errorf(&specifiers.source_position, "typename must not have a storage class");
5662 type_t *result = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
5670 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_function)(void);
5671 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_infix_function)(expression_t *left);
5673 typedef struct expression_parser_function_t expression_parser_function_t;
5674 struct expression_parser_function_t {
5675 parse_expression_function parser;
5676 precedence_t infix_precedence;
5677 parse_expression_infix_function infix_parser;
5680 static expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
5682 static type_t *get_string_type(string_encoding_t const enc)
5684 bool const warn = is_warn_on(WARN_WRITE_STRINGS);
5686 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR: return warn ? type_const_char_ptr : type_char_ptr;
5687 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE: return warn ? type_const_wchar_t_ptr : type_wchar_t_ptr;
5689 panic("invalid string encoding");
5693 * Parse a string constant.
5695 static expression_t *parse_string_literal(void)
5697 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STRING_LITERAL);
5698 expr->string_literal.value = concat_string_literals(&expr->string_literal.encoding);
5699 expr->base.type = get_string_type(expr->string_literal.encoding);
5704 * Parse a boolean constant.
5706 static expression_t *parse_boolean_literal(bool value)
5708 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN);
5709 literal->base.type = type_bool;
5710 literal->literal.value.begin = value ? "true" : "false";
5711 literal->literal.value.size = value ? 4 : 5;
5713 eat(value ? T_true : T_false);
5717 static void warn_traditional_suffix(void)
5719 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects the '%S' suffix",
5720 &token.number.suffix);
5723 static void check_integer_suffix(void)
5725 const string_t *suffix = &token.number.suffix;
5726 if (suffix->size == 0)
5729 bool not_traditional = false;
5730 const char *c = suffix->begin;
5731 if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5734 not_traditional = true;
5736 if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5739 } else if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5740 not_traditional = true;
5743 } else if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5744 not_traditional = true;
5746 if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5754 errorf(HERE, "invalid suffix '%S' on integer constant", suffix);
5755 } else if (not_traditional) {
5756 warn_traditional_suffix();
5760 static type_t *check_floatingpoint_suffix(void)
5762 const string_t *suffix = &token.number.suffix;
5763 type_t *type = type_double;
5764 if (suffix->size == 0)
5767 bool not_traditional = false;
5768 const char *c = suffix->begin;
5769 if (*c == 'f' || *c == 'F') {
5772 } else if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5774 type = type_long_double;
5777 errorf(HERE, "invalid suffix '%S' on floatingpoint constant", suffix);
5778 } else if (not_traditional) {
5779 warn_traditional_suffix();
5786 * Parse an integer constant.
5788 static expression_t *parse_number_literal(void)
5790 expression_kind_t kind;
5793 switch (token.kind) {
5795 kind = EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER;
5796 check_integer_suffix();
5800 case T_FLOATINGPOINT:
5801 kind = EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT;
5802 type = check_floatingpoint_suffix();
5806 panic("unexpected token type in parse_number_literal");
5809 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
5810 literal->base.type = type;
5811 literal->literal.value = token.number.number;
5812 literal->literal.suffix = token.number.suffix;
5815 /* integer type depends on the size of the number and the size
5816 * representable by the types. The backend/codegeneration has to determine
5819 determine_literal_type(&literal->literal);
5824 * Parse a character constant.
5826 static expression_t *parse_character_constant(void)
5828 expression_t *const literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER);
5829 literal->string_literal.encoding = token.string.encoding;
5830 literal->string_literal.value = token.string.string;
5832 size_t const size = get_string_len(token.string.encoding, &token.string.string);
5833 switch (token.string.encoding) {
5834 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR:
5835 literal->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_char : type_int;
5837 if (!GNU_MODE && !(c_mode & _C99)) {
5838 errorf(HERE, "more than 1 character in character constant");
5840 literal->base.type = type_int;
5841 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5846 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE:
5847 literal->base.type = type_int;
5849 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5854 eat(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
5858 static entity_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol, source_position_t const *const pos)
5860 type_t *ntype = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
5861 ntype->function.return_type = type_int;
5862 ntype->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
5863 ntype->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5864 type_t *type = identify_new_type(ntype);
5866 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, pos);
5867 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5868 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5869 entity->declaration.type = type;
5870 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
5872 if (current_scope != NULL)
5873 record_entity(entity, false);
5879 * Performs automatic type cast as described in §6.3.2.1.
5881 * @param orig_type the original type
5883 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type)
5885 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5886 if (is_type_array(type)) {
5887 array_type_t *array_type = &type->array;
5888 type_t *element_type = array_type->element_type;
5889 unsigned qualifiers = array_type->base.qualifiers;
5891 return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
5894 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5895 return make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5902 * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
5903 * to function-pointer types as defined §6.3.2.1
5905 type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
5907 switch (expression->kind) {
5908 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
5909 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
5910 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
5911 return entity->declaration.type;
5912 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
5913 return entity->enum_value.enum_type;
5915 panic("no declaration or enum in reference");
5920 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
5921 assert(is_declaration(entity));
5922 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5923 return get_qualified_type(type, expression->base.type->base.qualifiers);
5926 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
5927 const expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
5928 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
5929 if (!is_type_pointer(type))
5930 return type_error_type;
5931 return type->pointer.points_to;
5934 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
5935 const expression_t *array_ref = expression->array_access.array_ref;
5936 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(array_ref->base.type);
5937 if (!is_type_pointer(type_left))
5938 return type_error_type;
5939 return type_left->pointer.points_to;
5942 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: {
5943 size_t const size = get_string_len(expression->string_literal.encoding, &expression->string_literal.value) + 1;
5944 type_t *const elem = get_unqualified_type(expression->base.type->pointer.points_to);
5945 return make_array_type(elem, size, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5948 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
5949 return expression->compound_literal.type;
5954 return expression->base.type;
5958 * Find an entity matching a symbol in a scope.
5959 * Uses current scope if scope is NULL
5961 static entity_t *lookup_entity(const scope_t *scope, symbol_t *symbol,
5962 namespace_tag_t namespc)
5964 if (scope == NULL) {
5965 return get_entity(symbol, namespc);
5968 /* we should optimize here, if scope grows above a certain size we should
5969 construct a hashmap here... */
5970 entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
5971 for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
5972 if (entity->base.symbol == symbol
5973 && (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
5980 static entity_t *parse_qualified_identifier(void)
5982 /* namespace containing the symbol */
5984 source_position_t pos;
5985 const scope_t *lookup_scope = NULL;
5987 if (next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
5988 lookup_scope = &unit->scope;
5992 symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing identifier", &pos);
5994 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
5997 entity = lookup_entity(lookup_scope, symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
5999 if (!next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
6002 switch (entity->kind) {
6003 case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
6004 lookup_scope = &entity->namespacee.members;
6009 lookup_scope = &entity->compound.members;
6012 errorf(&pos, "'%Y' must be a namespace, class, struct or union (but is a %s)",
6013 symbol, get_entity_kind_name(entity->kind));
6015 /* skip further qualifications */
6016 while (next_if(T_IDENTIFIER) && next_if(T_COLONCOLON)) {}
6018 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6022 if (entity == NULL) {
6023 if (!strict_mode && token.kind == '(') {
6024 /* an implicitly declared function */
6025 entity = create_implicit_function(symbol, &pos);
6026 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_FUNCTION_DECLARATION, &pos, "implicit declaration of '%N'", entity);
6028 errorf(&pos, "unknown identifier '%Y' found.", symbol);
6029 entity = create_error_entity(symbol, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6036 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
6038 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6039 entity_t *const entity = parse_qualified_identifier();
6042 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6043 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
6044 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
6045 orig_type = entity->enum_value.enum_type;
6047 panic("expected declaration or enum value in reference");
6050 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
6051 * code to revert this! */
6052 type_t *type = automatic_type_conversion(orig_type);
6054 expression_kind_t kind = EXPR_REFERENCE;
6055 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
6056 kind = EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT;
6058 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6059 expression->base.source_position = pos;
6060 expression->base.type = type;
6061 expression->reference.entity = entity;
6063 /* this declaration is used */
6064 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6065 entity->declaration.used = true;
6068 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope
6069 && (current_function != NULL
6070 && entity->base.parent_scope->depth < current_function->parameters.depth)
6071 && (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE || entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER)) {
6072 /* access of a variable from an outer function */
6073 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
6074 current_function->need_closure = true;
6077 check_deprecated(&pos, entity);
6082 static bool semantic_cast(expression_t *cast)
6084 expression_t *expression = cast->unary.value;
6085 type_t *orig_dest_type = cast->base.type;
6086 type_t *orig_type_right = expression->base.type;
6087 type_t const *dst_type = skip_typeref(orig_dest_type);
6088 type_t const *src_type = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6089 source_position_t const *pos = &cast->base.source_position;
6091 /* §6.5.4 A (void) cast is explicitly permitted, more for documentation than for utility. */
6092 if (is_type_void(dst_type))
6095 /* only integer and pointer can be casted to pointer */
6096 if (is_type_pointer(dst_type) &&
6097 !is_type_pointer(src_type) &&
6098 !is_type_integer(src_type) &&
6099 is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6100 errorf(pos, "cannot convert type '%T' to a pointer type", orig_type_right);
6104 if (!is_type_scalar(dst_type) && is_type_valid(dst_type)) {
6105 errorf(pos, "conversion to non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_dest_type);
6109 if (!is_type_scalar(src_type) && is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6110 errorf(pos, "conversion from non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_type_right);
6114 if (is_type_pointer(src_type) && is_type_pointer(dst_type)) {
6115 type_t *src = skip_typeref(src_type->pointer.points_to);
6116 type_t *dst = skip_typeref(dst_type->pointer.points_to);
6117 unsigned missing_qualifiers =
6118 src->base.qualifiers & ~dst->base.qualifiers;
6119 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
6120 warningf(WARN_CAST_QUAL, pos, "cast discards qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type of '%T'", missing_qualifiers, orig_type_right);
6126 static expression_t *parse_compound_literal(source_position_t const *const pos, type_t *type)
6128 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL);
6129 expression->base.source_position = *pos;
6131 parse_initializer_env_t env;
6134 env.must_be_constant = false;
6135 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
6138 expression->compound_literal.initializer = initializer;
6139 expression->compound_literal.type = type;
6140 expression->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
6146 * Parse a cast expression.
6148 static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
6150 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6153 add_anchor_token(')');
6155 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6157 rem_anchor_token(')');
6160 if (token.kind == '{') {
6161 return parse_compound_literal(&pos, type);
6164 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
6165 cast->base.source_position = pos;
6167 expression_t *value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
6168 cast->base.type = type;
6169 cast->unary.value = value;
6171 if (! semantic_cast(cast)) {
6172 /* TODO: record the error in the AST. else it is impossible to detect it */
6179 * Parse a statement expression.
6181 static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
6183 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STATEMENT);
6186 add_anchor_token(')');
6188 statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement(true);
6189 statement->compound.stmt_expr = true;
6190 expression->statement.statement = statement;
6192 /* find last statement and use its type */
6193 type_t *type = type_void;
6194 const statement_t *stmt = statement->compound.statements;
6196 while (stmt->base.next != NULL)
6197 stmt = stmt->base.next;
6199 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
6200 type = stmt->expression.expression->base.type;
6203 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
6204 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty statement expression ({})");
6206 expression->base.type = type;
6208 rem_anchor_token(')');
6214 * Parse a parenthesized expression.
6216 static expression_t *parse_parenthesized_expression(void)
6218 token_t const* const la1 = look_ahead(1);
6219 switch (la1->kind) {
6221 /* gcc extension: a statement expression */
6222 return parse_statement_expression();
6225 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
6227 return parse_cast();
6232 add_anchor_token(')');
6233 expression_t *result = parse_expression();
6234 result->base.parenthesized = true;
6235 rem_anchor_token(')');
6241 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(funcname_kind_t const kind)
6243 if (current_function == NULL) {
6244 errorf(HERE, "'%K' used outside of a function", &token);
6247 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6248 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6249 expression->funcname.kind = kind;
6256 static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
6258 designator_t *const result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6259 result->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &result->source_position);
6260 if (!result->symbol)
6263 designator_t *last_designator = result;
6266 designator_t *const designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6267 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &designator->source_position);
6268 if (!designator->symbol)
6271 last_designator->next = designator;
6272 last_designator = designator;
6276 add_anchor_token(']');
6277 designator_t *designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6278 designator->source_position = *HERE;
6279 designator->array_index = parse_expression();
6280 rem_anchor_token(']');
6282 if (designator->array_index == NULL) {
6286 last_designator->next = designator;
6287 last_designator = designator;
6297 * Parse the __builtin_offsetof() expression.
6299 static expression_t *parse_offsetof(void)
6301 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_OFFSETOF);
6302 expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6304 eat(T___builtin_offsetof);
6306 add_anchor_token(')');
6307 add_anchor_token(',');
6309 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6310 rem_anchor_token(',');
6312 designator_t *designator = parse_designator();
6313 rem_anchor_token(')');
6316 expression->offsetofe.type = type;
6317 expression->offsetofe.designator = designator;
6320 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
6321 path.top_type = type;
6322 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
6324 descend_into_subtype(&path);
6326 if (!walk_designator(&path, designator, true)) {
6327 return create_error_expression();
6330 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
6335 static bool is_last_parameter(expression_t *const param)
6337 if (param->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
6338 entity_t *const entity = param->reference.entity;
6339 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
6340 !entity->base.next &&
6341 entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters) {
6346 if (!is_type_valid(skip_typeref(param->base.type)))
6353 * Parses a __builtin_va_start() expression.
6355 static expression_t *parse_va_start(void)
6357 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_START);
6359 eat(T___builtin_va_start);
6361 add_anchor_token(')');
6362 add_anchor_token(',');
6364 expression->va_starte.ap = parse_assignment_expression();
6365 rem_anchor_token(',');
6367 expression_t *const param = parse_assignment_expression();
6368 expression->va_starte.parameter = param;
6369 rem_anchor_token(')');
6372 if (!current_function) {
6373 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used outside of function");
6374 } else if (!current_function->base.type->function.variadic) {
6375 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used in non-variadic function");
6376 } else if (!is_last_parameter(param)) {
6377 errorf(¶m->base.source_position, "second argument of 'va_start' must be last parameter of the current function");
6384 * Parses a __builtin_va_arg() expression.
6386 static expression_t *parse_va_arg(void)
6388 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_ARG);
6390 eat(T___builtin_va_arg);
6392 add_anchor_token(')');
6393 add_anchor_token(',');
6396 ap.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6397 expression->va_arge.ap = ap.expression;
6398 check_call_argument(type_valist, &ap, 1);
6400 rem_anchor_token(',');
6402 expression->base.type = parse_typename();
6403 rem_anchor_token(')');
6410 * Parses a __builtin_va_copy() expression.
6412 static expression_t *parse_va_copy(void)
6414 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_COPY);
6416 eat(T___builtin_va_copy);
6418 add_anchor_token(')');
6419 add_anchor_token(',');
6421 expression_t *dst = parse_assignment_expression();
6422 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type_valist, dst);
6423 report_assign_error(error, type_valist, dst, "call argument 1",
6424 &dst->base.source_position);
6425 expression->va_copye.dst = dst;
6427 rem_anchor_token(',');
6430 call_argument_t src;
6431 src.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6432 check_call_argument(type_valist, &src, 2);
6433 expression->va_copye.src = src.expression;
6434 rem_anchor_token(')');
6441 * Parses a __builtin_constant_p() expression.
6443 static expression_t *parse_builtin_constant(void)
6445 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P);
6447 eat(T___builtin_constant_p);
6449 add_anchor_token(')');
6451 expression->builtin_constant.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6452 rem_anchor_token(')');
6454 expression->base.type = type_int;
6460 * Parses a __builtin_types_compatible_p() expression.
6462 static expression_t *parse_builtin_types_compatible(void)
6464 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P);
6466 eat(T___builtin_types_compatible_p);
6468 add_anchor_token(')');
6469 add_anchor_token(',');
6471 expression->builtin_types_compatible.left = parse_typename();
6472 rem_anchor_token(',');
6474 expression->builtin_types_compatible.right = parse_typename();
6475 rem_anchor_token(')');
6477 expression->base.type = type_int;
6483 * Parses a __builtin_is_*() compare expression.
6485 static expression_t *parse_compare_builtin(void)
6487 expression_kind_t kind;
6488 switch (token.kind) {
6489 case T___builtin_isgreater: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER; break;
6490 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL; break;
6491 case T___builtin_isless: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS; break;
6492 case T___builtin_islessequal: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL; break;
6493 case T___builtin_islessgreater: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER; break;
6494 case T___builtin_isunordered: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED; break;
6495 default: internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid compare builtin found");
6497 expression_t *const expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6500 add_anchor_token(')');
6501 add_anchor_token(',');
6503 expression->binary.left = parse_assignment_expression();
6504 rem_anchor_token(',');
6506 expression->binary.right = parse_assignment_expression();
6507 rem_anchor_token(')');
6510 type_t *const orig_type_left = expression->binary.left->base.type;
6511 type_t *const orig_type_right = expression->binary.right->base.type;
6513 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6514 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6515 if (!is_type_float(type_left) && !is_type_float(type_right)) {
6516 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
6517 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
6518 &expression->base.source_position, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
6521 semantic_comparison(&expression->binary);
6528 * Parses a MS assume() expression.
6530 static expression_t *parse_assume(void)
6532 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME);
6536 add_anchor_token(')');
6538 expression->unary.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6539 rem_anchor_token(')');
6542 expression->base.type = type_void;
6547 * Return the label for the current symbol or create a new one.
6549 static label_t *get_label(char const *const context)
6551 assert(current_function != NULL);
6553 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier(context, NULL);
6557 entity_t *label = get_entity(sym, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
6558 /* If we find a local label, we already created the declaration. */
6559 if (label != NULL && label->kind == ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL) {
6560 if (label->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
6561 assert(label->base.parent_scope->depth < current_scope->depth);
6562 current_function->goto_to_outer = true;
6564 } else if (label == NULL || label->base.parent_scope != ¤t_function->parameters) {
6565 /* There is no matching label in the same function, so create a new one. */
6566 source_position_t const nowhere = { NULL, 0, 0, false };
6567 label = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym, &nowhere);
6571 return &label->label;
6575 * Parses a GNU && label address expression.
6577 static expression_t *parse_label_address(void)
6579 source_position_t const source_position = *HERE;
6582 label_t *const label = get_label("while parsing label address");
6584 return create_error_expression();
6587 label->address_taken = true;
6589 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS);
6590 expression->base.source_position = source_position;
6592 /* label address is treated as a void pointer */
6593 expression->base.type = type_void_ptr;
6594 expression->label_address.label = label;
6599 * Parse a microsoft __noop expression.
6601 static expression_t *parse_noop_expression(void)
6603 /* the result is a (int)0 */
6604 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP);
6605 literal->base.type = type_int;
6606 literal->literal.value.begin = "__noop";
6607 literal->literal.value.size = 6;
6611 if (token.kind == '(') {
6612 /* parse arguments */
6614 add_anchor_token(')');
6615 add_anchor_token(',');
6617 if (token.kind != ')') do {
6618 (void)parse_assignment_expression();
6619 } while (next_if(','));
6621 rem_anchor_token(',');
6622 rem_anchor_token(')');
6630 * Parses a primary expression.
6632 static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
6634 switch (token.kind) {
6635 case T_false: return parse_boolean_literal(false);
6636 case T_true: return parse_boolean_literal(true);
6638 case T_FLOATINGPOINT: return parse_number_literal();
6639 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: return parse_character_constant();
6640 case T_STRING_LITERAL: return parse_string_literal();
6641 case T___func__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCTION);
6642 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION);
6643 case T___FUNCSIG__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG);
6644 case T___FUNCDNAME__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME);
6645 case T___builtin_offsetof: return parse_offsetof();
6646 case T___builtin_va_start: return parse_va_start();
6647 case T___builtin_va_arg: return parse_va_arg();
6648 case T___builtin_va_copy: return parse_va_copy();
6649 case T___builtin_isgreater:
6650 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
6651 case T___builtin_isless:
6652 case T___builtin_islessequal:
6653 case T___builtin_islessgreater:
6654 case T___builtin_isunordered: return parse_compare_builtin();
6655 case T___builtin_constant_p: return parse_builtin_constant();
6656 case T___builtin_types_compatible_p: return parse_builtin_types_compatible();
6657 case T__assume: return parse_assume();
6660 return parse_label_address();
6663 case '(': return parse_parenthesized_expression();
6664 case T___noop: return parse_noop_expression();
6666 /* Gracefully handle type names while parsing expressions. */
6668 return parse_reference();
6670 if (!is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
6671 return parse_reference();
6675 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6676 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
6677 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
6678 type_t const *const type = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
6679 errorf(&pos, "encountered type '%T' while parsing expression", type);
6680 return create_error_expression();
6684 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K, expected an expression", &token);
6686 return create_error_expression();
6689 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(expression_t *left)
6691 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS);
6692 array_access_expression_t *const arr = &expr->array_access;
6695 add_anchor_token(']');
6697 expression_t *const inside = parse_expression();
6699 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
6700 type_t *const orig_type_inside = inside->base.type;
6702 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6703 type_t *const type_inside = skip_typeref(orig_type_inside);
6709 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
6712 idx_type = type_inside;
6713 res_type = type_left->pointer.points_to;
6715 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
6716 arr->flipped = true;
6719 idx_type = type_left;
6720 res_type = type_inside->pointer.points_to;
6722 res_type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
6723 if (!is_type_integer(idx_type)) {
6724 errorf(&idx->base.source_position, "array subscript must have integer type");
6725 } else if (is_type_atomic(idx_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR)) {
6726 source_position_t const *const pos = &idx->base.source_position;
6727 warningf(WARN_CHAR_SUBSCRIPTS, pos, "array subscript has char type");
6730 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_inside)) {
6731 errorf(&expr->base.source_position, "invalid types '%T[%T]' for array access", orig_type_left, orig_type_inside);
6733 res_type = type_error_type;
6738 arr->array_ref = ref;
6740 arr->base.type = res_type;
6742 rem_anchor_token(']');
6747 static bool is_bitfield(const expression_t *expression)
6749 return expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT
6750 && expression->select.compound_entry->compound_member.bitfield;
6753 static expression_t *parse_typeprop(expression_kind_t const kind)
6755 expression_t *tp_expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6756 tp_expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6758 eat(kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? T_sizeof : T___alignof__);
6761 expression_t *expression;
6762 if (token.kind == '(' && is_declaration_specifier(look_ahead(1))) {
6763 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6765 add_anchor_token(')');
6766 orig_type = parse_typename();
6767 rem_anchor_token(')');
6770 if (token.kind == '{') {
6771 /* It was not sizeof(type) after all. It is sizeof of an expression
6772 * starting with a compound literal */
6773 expression = parse_compound_literal(&pos, orig_type);
6774 goto typeprop_expression;
6777 expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
6779 typeprop_expression:
6780 if (is_bitfield(expression)) {
6781 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6782 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6783 "operand of %s expression must not be a bitfield", what);
6786 tp_expression->typeprop.tp_expression = expression;
6788 orig_type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
6789 expression->base.type = orig_type;
6792 tp_expression->typeprop.type = orig_type;
6793 type_t const* const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6794 char const* wrong_type = NULL;
6795 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
6796 if (!is_type_void(type) || !GNU_MODE)
6797 wrong_type = "incomplete";
6798 } else if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
6800 /* function types are allowed (and return 1) */
6801 source_position_t const *const pos = &tp_expression->base.source_position;
6802 char const *const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6803 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s expression with function argument returns invalid result", what);
6805 wrong_type = "function";
6809 if (wrong_type != NULL) {
6810 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6811 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6812 "operand of %s expression must not be of %s type '%T'",
6813 what, wrong_type, orig_type);
6816 return tp_expression;
6819 static expression_t *parse_sizeof(void)
6821 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_SIZEOF);
6824 static expression_t *parse_alignof(void)
6826 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_ALIGNOF);
6829 static expression_t *parse_select_expression(expression_t *addr)
6831 assert(token.kind == '.' || token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6832 bool select_left_arrow = (token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6833 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6836 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing select", NULL);
6838 return create_error_expression();
6840 type_t *const orig_type = addr->base.type;
6841 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6844 bool saw_error = false;
6845 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
6846 if (!select_left_arrow) {
6848 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6852 type_left = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
6854 if (select_left_arrow && is_type_valid(type)) {
6855 errorf(&pos, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but '%T'", orig_type);
6861 if (!is_type_compound(type_left)) {
6862 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && !saw_error) {
6864 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6867 return create_error_expression();
6870 compound_t *compound = type_left->compound.compound;
6871 if (!compound->complete) {
6872 errorf(&pos, "request for member '%Y' in incomplete type '%T'",
6874 return create_error_expression();
6877 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = type_left->base.qualifiers;
6878 expression_t *result =
6879 find_create_select(&pos, addr, qualifiers, compound, symbol);
6881 if (result == NULL) {
6882 errorf(&pos, "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
6883 return create_error_expression();
6889 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
6890 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos)
6892 type_t *expected_type_skip = skip_typeref(expected_type);
6893 assign_error_t error = ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
6894 expression_t *arg_expr = argument->expression;
6895 type_t *arg_type = skip_typeref(arg_expr->base.type);
6897 /* handle transparent union gnu extension */
6898 if (is_type_union(expected_type_skip)
6899 && (get_type_modifiers(expected_type) & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION)) {
6900 compound_t *union_decl = expected_type_skip->compound.compound;
6901 type_t *best_type = NULL;
6902 entity_t *entry = union_decl->members.entities;
6903 for ( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
6904 assert(is_declaration(entry));
6905 type_t *decl_type = entry->declaration.type;
6906 error = semantic_assign(decl_type, arg_expr);
6907 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE
6908 || error == ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING)
6911 if (error == ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
6912 best_type = decl_type;
6913 } else if (best_type == NULL) {
6914 best_type = decl_type;
6918 if (best_type != NULL) {
6919 expected_type = best_type;
6923 error = semantic_assign(expected_type, arg_expr);
6924 argument->expression = create_implicit_cast(arg_expr, expected_type);
6926 if (error != ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
6927 /* report exact scope in error messages (like "in argument 3") */
6929 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "call argument %u", pos);
6930 report_assign_error(error, expected_type, arg_expr, buf,
6931 &arg_expr->base.source_position);
6933 type_t *const promoted_type = get_default_promoted_type(arg_type);
6934 if (!types_compatible(expected_type_skip, promoted_type) &&
6935 !types_compatible(expected_type_skip, type_void_ptr) &&
6936 !types_compatible(type_void_ptr, promoted_type)) {
6937 /* Deliberately show the skipped types in this warning */
6938 source_position_t const *const apos = &arg_expr->base.source_position;
6939 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, apos, "passing call argument %u as '%T' rather than '%T' due to prototype", pos, expected_type_skip, promoted_type);
6945 * Handle the semantic restrictions of builtin calls
6947 static void handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call_expression_t *call)
6949 entity_t *entity = call->function->reference.entity;
6950 switch (entity->function.btk) {
6952 switch (entity->function.b.firm_builtin_kind) {
6953 case ir_bk_return_address:
6954 case ir_bk_frame_address: {
6955 /* argument must be constant */
6956 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
6958 if (is_constant_expression(argument->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6959 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6960 "argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
6961 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
6965 case ir_bk_prefetch:
6966 /* second and third argument must be constant if existent */
6967 if (call->arguments == NULL)
6969 call_argument_t *rw = call->arguments->next;
6970 call_argument_t *locality = NULL;
6973 if (is_constant_expression(rw->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6974 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6975 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
6976 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
6978 locality = rw->next;
6980 if (locality != NULL) {
6981 if (is_constant_expression(locality->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6982 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6983 "third argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
6984 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
6986 locality = rw->next;
6993 case BUILTIN_OBJECT_SIZE:
6994 if (call->arguments == NULL)
6997 call_argument_t *arg = call->arguments->next;
6998 if (arg != NULL && is_constant_expression(arg->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6999 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7000 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7001 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7010 * Parse a call expression, ie. expression '( ... )'.
7012 * @param expression the function address
7014 static expression_t *parse_call_expression(expression_t *expression)
7016 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
7017 call_expression_t *call = &result->call;
7018 call->function = expression;
7020 type_t *const orig_type = expression->base.type;
7021 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7023 function_type_t *function_type = NULL;
7024 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7025 type_t *const to_type = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7027 if (is_type_function(to_type)) {
7028 function_type = &to_type->function;
7029 call->base.type = function_type->return_type;
7033 if (function_type == NULL && is_type_valid(type)) {
7035 "called object '%E' (type '%T') is not a pointer to a function",
7036 expression, orig_type);
7039 /* parse arguments */
7041 add_anchor_token(')');
7042 add_anchor_token(',');
7044 if (token.kind != ')') {
7045 call_argument_t **anchor = &call->arguments;
7047 call_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
7048 argument->expression = parse_assignment_expression();
7051 anchor = &argument->next;
7052 } while (next_if(','));
7054 rem_anchor_token(',');
7055 rem_anchor_token(')');
7058 if (function_type == NULL)
7061 /* check type and count of call arguments */
7062 function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
7063 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
7064 if (!function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
7065 for (unsigned pos = 0; parameter != NULL && argument != NULL;
7066 parameter = parameter->next, argument = argument->next) {
7067 check_call_argument(parameter->type, argument, ++pos);
7070 if (parameter != NULL) {
7071 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "too few arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7072 } else if (argument != NULL && !function_type->variadic) {
7073 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position, "too many arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7077 /* do default promotion for other arguments */
7078 for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
7079 type_t *argument_type = argument->expression->base.type;
7080 if (!is_type_object(skip_typeref(argument_type))) {
7081 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position,
7082 "call argument '%E' must not be void", argument->expression);
7085 argument_type = get_default_promoted_type(argument_type);
7087 argument->expression
7088 = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, argument_type);
7093 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(function_type->return_type))) {
7094 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7095 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "function call has aggregate value");
7098 if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
7099 reference_expression_t *reference = &expression->reference;
7100 if (reference->entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION &&
7101 reference->entity->function.btk != BUILTIN_NONE)
7102 handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call);
7108 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
7110 static bool same_compound_type(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
7113 is_type_compound(type1) &&
7114 type1->kind == type2->kind &&
7115 type1->compound.compound == type2->compound.compound;
7118 static expression_t const *get_reference_address(expression_t const *expr)
7120 bool regular_take_address = true;
7122 if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7123 expr = expr->unary.value;
7125 regular_take_address = false;
7128 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7131 expr = expr->unary.value;
7134 if (expr->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7137 /* special case for functions which are automatically converted to a
7138 * pointer to function without an extra TAKE_ADDRESS operation */
7139 if (!regular_take_address &&
7140 expr->reference.entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
7147 static void warn_reference_address_as_bool(expression_t const* expr)
7149 expr = get_reference_address(expr);
7151 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7152 entity_t const *const ent = expr->reference.entity;
7153 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will always evaluate as 'true'", ent);
7157 static void warn_assignment_in_condition(const expression_t *const expr)
7159 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN)
7161 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7163 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7164 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value");
7167 static void semantic_condition(expression_t const *const expr,
7168 char const *const context)
7170 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
7171 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
7172 warn_reference_address_as_bool(expr);
7173 warn_assignment_in_condition(expr);
7174 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7175 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
7176 "%s must have scalar type", context);
7181 * Parse a conditional expression, ie. 'expression ? ... : ...'.
7183 * @param expression the conditional expression
7185 static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(expression_t *expression)
7187 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONDITIONAL);
7189 conditional_expression_t *conditional = &result->conditional;
7190 conditional->condition = expression;
7193 add_anchor_token(':');
7195 /* §6.5.15:2 The first operand shall have scalar type. */
7196 semantic_condition(expression, "condition of conditional operator");
7198 expression_t *true_expression = expression;
7199 bool gnu_cond = false;
7200 if (GNU_MODE && token.kind == ':') {
7203 true_expression = parse_expression();
7205 rem_anchor_token(':');
7207 expression_t *false_expression =
7208 parse_subexpression(c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL);
7210 type_t *const orig_true_type = true_expression->base.type;
7211 type_t *const orig_false_type = false_expression->base.type;
7212 type_t *const true_type = skip_typeref(orig_true_type);
7213 type_t *const false_type = skip_typeref(orig_false_type);
7216 source_position_t const *const pos = &conditional->base.source_position;
7217 type_t *result_type;
7218 if (is_type_void(true_type) || is_type_void(false_type)) {
7219 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.16:2 */
7220 if (true_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7221 result_type = false_type;
7222 } else if (false_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7223 result_type = true_type;
7225 if (!is_type_void(true_type) || !is_type_void(false_type)) {
7226 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "ISO C forbids conditional expression with only one void side");
7228 result_type = type_void;
7230 } else if (is_type_arithmetic(true_type)
7231 && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
7232 result_type = semantic_arithmetic(true_type, false_type);
7233 } else if (same_compound_type(true_type, false_type)) {
7234 /* just take 1 of the 2 types */
7235 result_type = true_type;
7236 } else if (is_type_pointer(true_type) || is_type_pointer(false_type)) {
7237 type_t *pointer_type;
7239 expression_t *other_expression;
7240 if (is_type_pointer(true_type) &&
7241 (!is_type_pointer(false_type) || is_null_pointer_constant(false_expression))) {
7242 pointer_type = true_type;
7243 other_type = false_type;
7244 other_expression = false_expression;
7246 pointer_type = false_type;
7247 other_type = true_type;
7248 other_expression = true_expression;
7251 if (is_null_pointer_constant(other_expression)) {
7252 result_type = pointer_type;
7253 } else if (is_type_pointer(other_type)) {
7254 type_t *to1 = skip_typeref(pointer_type->pointer.points_to);
7255 type_t *to2 = skip_typeref(other_type->pointer.points_to);
7258 if (is_type_void(to1) || is_type_void(to2)) {
7260 } else if (types_compatible(get_unqualified_type(to1),
7261 get_unqualified_type(to2))) {
7264 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer types '%T' and '%T' in conditional expression are incompatible", true_type, false_type);
7268 type_t *const type =
7269 get_qualified_type(to, to1->base.qualifiers | to2->base.qualifiers);
7270 result_type = make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7271 } else if (is_type_integer(other_type)) {
7272 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer/integer type mismatch in conditional expression ('%T' and '%T')", true_type, false_type);
7273 result_type = pointer_type;
7275 goto types_incompatible;
7279 if (is_type_valid(true_type) && is_type_valid(false_type)) {
7280 type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional", pos, true_type, false_type);
7282 result_type = type_error_type;
7285 conditional->true_expression
7286 = gnu_cond ? NULL : create_implicit_cast(true_expression, result_type);
7287 conditional->false_expression
7288 = create_implicit_cast(false_expression, result_type);
7289 conditional->base.type = result_type;
7294 * Parse an extension expression.
7296 static expression_t *parse_extension(void)
7299 expression_t *expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
7305 * Parse a __builtin_classify_type() expression.
7307 static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(void)
7309 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE);
7310 result->base.type = type_int;
7312 eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
7314 add_anchor_token(')');
7316 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
7317 rem_anchor_token(')');
7319 result->classify_type.type_expression = expression;
7325 * Parse a delete expression
7326 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.3.5
7328 static expression_t *parse_delete(void)
7330 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_DELETE);
7331 result->base.type = type_void;
7336 result->kind = EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY;
7340 expression_t *const value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
7341 result->unary.value = value;
7343 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
7344 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7345 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7346 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7347 "operand of delete must have pointer type");
7349 } else if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to))) {
7350 source_position_t const *const pos = &value->base.source_position;
7351 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "deleting 'void*' is undefined");
7358 * Parse a throw expression
7359 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15:1
7361 static expression_t *parse_throw(void)
7363 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_THROW);
7364 result->base.type = type_void;
7368 expression_t *value = NULL;
7369 switch (token.kind) {
7371 value = parse_assignment_expression();
7372 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15.1:3 */
7373 type_t *const orig_type = value->base.type;
7374 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7375 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
7376 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7377 "cannot throw object of incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7378 } else if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7379 type_t *const points_to = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7380 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to) && !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7381 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7382 "cannot throw pointer to incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7390 result->unary.value = value;
7395 static bool check_pointer_arithmetic(const source_position_t *source_position,
7396 type_t *pointer_type,
7397 type_t *orig_pointer_type)
7399 type_t *points_to = pointer_type->pointer.points_to;
7400 points_to = skip_typeref(points_to);
7402 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to)) {
7403 if (!GNU_MODE || !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7404 errorf(source_position,
7405 "arithmetic with pointer to incomplete type '%T' not allowed",
7409 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer of type '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7411 } else if (is_type_function(points_to)) {
7413 errorf(source_position,
7414 "arithmetic with pointer to function type '%T' not allowed",
7418 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer to a function '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7424 static bool is_lvalue(const expression_t *expression)
7426 /* TODO: doesn't seem to be consistent with §6.3.2.1:1 */
7427 switch (expression->kind) {
7428 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
7429 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
7430 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
7432 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
7436 type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
7438 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §3.10:3 */
7439 is_type_reference(type) ||
7440 /* Claim it is an lvalue, if the type is invalid. There was a parse
7441 * error before, which maybe prevented properly recognizing it as
7443 !is_type_valid(type);
7448 static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
7450 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7451 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7452 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7453 if (!check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7457 } else if (!is_type_real(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
7458 /* TODO: improve error message */
7459 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7460 "operation needs an arithmetic or pointer type");
7463 if (!is_lvalue(expression->value)) {
7464 /* TODO: improve error message */
7465 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "lvalue required as operand");
7467 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7470 static void promote_unary_int_expr(unary_expression_t *const expr, type_t *const type)
7472 type_t *const res_type = promote_integer(type);
7473 expr->base.type = res_type;
7474 expr->value = create_implicit_cast(expr->value, res_type);
7477 static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
7479 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7480 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7481 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type)) {
7482 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7483 /* TODO: improve error message */
7484 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7485 "operation needs an arithmetic type");
7488 } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
7489 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7491 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7495 static void semantic_unexpr_plus(unary_expression_t *expression)
7497 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7498 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7499 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects the unary plus operator");
7502 static void semantic_not(unary_expression_t *expression)
7504 /* §6.5.3.3:1 The operand [...] of the ! operator, scalar type. */
7505 semantic_condition(expression->value, "operand of !");
7506 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
7509 static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
7511 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7512 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7513 if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
7514 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7515 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7516 "operand of ~ must be of integer type");
7521 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7524 static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
7526 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7527 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7528 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7529 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7530 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7531 "Unary '*' needs pointer or array type, but type '%T' given", orig_type);
7536 type_t *result_type = type->pointer.points_to;
7537 result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
7538 expression->base.type = result_type;
7542 * Record that an address is taken (expression represents an lvalue).
7544 * @param expression the expression
7545 * @param may_be_register if true, the expression might be an register
7547 static void set_address_taken(expression_t *expression, bool may_be_register)
7549 if (expression->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7552 entity_t *const entity = expression->reference.entity;
7554 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
7557 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER
7558 && !may_be_register) {
7559 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7560 errorf(pos, "address of register '%N' requested", entity);
7563 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
7567 * Check the semantic of the address taken expression.
7569 static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
7571 expression_t *value = expression->value;
7572 value->base.type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
7574 type_t *orig_type = value->base.type;
7575 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7576 if (!is_type_valid(type))
7580 if (!is_lvalue(value)) {
7581 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'&' requires an lvalue");
7583 if (is_bitfield(value)) {
7584 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7585 "'&' not allowed on bitfield");
7588 set_address_taken(value, false);
7590 expression->base.type = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7593 #define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, sfunc) \
7594 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(void) \
7596 expression_t *unary_expression \
7597 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7599 unary_expression->unary.value = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY); \
7601 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7603 return unary_expression; \
7606 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE,
7607 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
7608 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', EXPR_UNARY_PLUS,
7609 semantic_unexpr_plus)
7610 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', EXPR_UNARY_NOT,
7612 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE,
7613 semantic_dereference)
7614 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS,
7616 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE,
7617 semantic_unexpr_integer)
7618 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
7620 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
7623 #define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, \
7625 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
7627 expression_t *unary_expression \
7628 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7630 unary_expression->unary.value = left; \
7632 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7634 return unary_expression; \
7637 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,
7638 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
7640 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS,
7641 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
7644 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
7646 /* TODO: handle complex + imaginary types */
7648 type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
7649 type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
7651 /* §6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions */
7652 if (type_left == type_long_double || type_right == type_long_double) {
7653 return type_long_double;
7654 } else if (type_left == type_double || type_right == type_double) {
7656 } else if (type_left == type_float || type_right == type_float) {
7660 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7661 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7663 if (type_left == type_right)
7666 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
7667 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
7668 unsigned const rank_left = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_left));
7669 unsigned const rank_right = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_right));
7671 if (signed_left == signed_right)
7672 return rank_left >= rank_right ? type_left : type_right;
7676 atomic_type_kind_t s_akind;
7677 atomic_type_kind_t u_akind;
7682 u_type = type_right;
7684 s_type = type_right;
7687 s_akind = get_akind(s_type);
7688 u_akind = get_akind(u_type);
7689 s_rank = get_akind_rank(s_akind);
7690 u_rank = get_akind_rank(u_akind);
7692 if (u_rank >= s_rank)
7695 if (get_atomic_type_size(s_akind) > get_atomic_type_size(u_akind))
7699 case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT: return type_unsigned_int;
7700 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG: return type_unsigned_long;
7701 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG: return type_unsigned_long_long;
7703 default: panic("invalid atomic type");
7708 * Check the semantic restrictions for a binary expression.
7710 static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7712 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7713 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7714 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7715 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7716 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7717 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7719 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7720 /* TODO: improve error message */
7721 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7722 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7723 "operation needs arithmetic types");
7728 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7729 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7730 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7731 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7734 static void semantic_binexpr_integer(binary_expression_t *const expression)
7736 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7737 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7738 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7739 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7740 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7741 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7743 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7744 /* TODO: improve error message */
7745 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7746 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7747 "operation needs integer types");
7752 type_t *const result_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7753 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, result_type);
7754 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, result_type);
7755 expression->base.type = result_type;
7758 static void warn_div_by_zero(binary_expression_t const *const expression)
7760 if (!is_type_integer(expression->base.type))
7763 expression_t const *const right = expression->right;
7764 /* The type of the right operand can be different for /= */
7765 if (is_type_integer(right->base.type) &&
7766 is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT &&
7767 !fold_constant_to_bool(right)) {
7768 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7769 warningf(WARN_DIV_BY_ZERO, pos, "division by zero");
7774 * Check the semantic restrictions for a div/mod expression.
7776 static void semantic_divmod_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7778 semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7779 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
7782 static void warn_addsub_in_shift(const expression_t *const expr)
7784 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7788 switch (expr->kind) {
7789 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: op = '+'; break;
7790 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: op = '-'; break;
7794 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7795 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around '%c' inside shift", op);
7798 static bool semantic_shift(binary_expression_t *expression)
7800 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7801 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7802 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7803 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7804 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7805 type_t * type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7807 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7808 /* TODO: improve error message */
7809 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7810 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7811 "operands of shift operation must have integer types");
7816 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7818 if (is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
7819 source_position_t const *const pos = &right->base.source_position;
7820 long const count = fold_constant_to_int(right);
7822 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be non-negative");
7823 } else if ((unsigned long)count >=
7824 get_atomic_type_size(type_left->atomic.akind) * 8) {
7825 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be less than type width");
7829 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7830 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_right);
7835 static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
7837 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7838 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7840 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
7843 warn_addsub_in_shift(left);
7844 warn_addsub_in_shift(right);
7846 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7847 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7849 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7850 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_left);
7851 expression->base.type = type_left;
7854 static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
7856 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7857 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7858 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7859 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7860 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7861 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7864 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7865 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7866 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7867 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7868 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7869 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7870 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7871 type_left, orig_type_left);
7872 expression->base.type = type_left;
7873 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
7874 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7875 type_right, orig_type_right);
7876 expression->base.type = type_right;
7877 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7878 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7879 "invalid operands to binary + ('%T', '%T')",
7880 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7884 static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
7886 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7887 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7888 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7889 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7890 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7891 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7892 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7895 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7896 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7897 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7898 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7899 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7900 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7901 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7902 type_left, orig_type_left);
7903 expression->base.type = type_left;
7904 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
7905 type_t *const unqual_left = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to));
7906 type_t *const unqual_right = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to));
7907 if (!types_compatible(unqual_left, unqual_right)) {
7909 "subtracting pointers to incompatible types '%T' and '%T'",
7910 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7911 } else if (!is_type_object(unqual_left)) {
7912 if (!is_type_void(unqual_left)) {
7913 errorf(pos, "subtracting pointers to non-object types '%T'",
7916 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "subtracting pointers to void");
7919 expression->base.type = type_ptrdiff_t;
7920 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7921 errorf(pos, "invalid operands of types '%T' and '%T' to binary '-'",
7922 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7926 static void warn_string_literal_address(expression_t const* expr)
7928 while (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7929 expr = expr->unary.value;
7930 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7932 expr = expr->unary.value;
7935 if (expr->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
7936 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7937 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "comparison with string literal results in unspecified behaviour");
7941 static bool maybe_negative(expression_t const *const expr)
7943 switch (is_constant_expression(expr)) {
7944 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return false;
7945 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return constant_is_negative(expr);
7946 default: return true;
7950 static void warn_comparison(source_position_t const *const pos, expression_t const *const expr, expression_t const *const other)
7952 warn_string_literal_address(expr);
7954 expression_t const* const ref = get_reference_address(expr);
7955 if (ref != NULL && is_null_pointer_constant(other)) {
7956 entity_t const *const ent = ref->reference.entity;
7957 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will never be NULL", ent);
7960 if (!expr->base.parenthesized) {
7961 switch (expr->base.kind) {
7962 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
7963 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
7964 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
7965 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
7966 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
7967 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
7968 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "comparisons like 'x <= y < z' do not have their mathematical meaning");
7977 * Check the semantics of comparison expressions.
7979 * @param expression The expression to check.
7981 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
7983 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7984 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7985 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7987 warn_comparison(pos, left, right);
7988 warn_comparison(pos, right, left);
7990 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7991 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7992 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7993 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7995 /* TODO non-arithmetic types */
7996 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7997 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7999 /* test for signed vs unsigned compares */
8000 if (is_type_integer(arithmetic_type)) {
8001 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
8002 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
8003 if (signed_left != signed_right) {
8004 /* FIXME long long needs better const folding magic */
8005 /* TODO check whether constant value can be represented by other type */
8006 if ((signed_left && maybe_negative(left)) ||
8007 (signed_right && maybe_negative(right))) {
8008 warningf(WARN_SIGN_COMPARE, pos, "comparison between signed and unsigned");
8013 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
8014 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8015 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
8016 if ((expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL ||
8017 expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL) &&
8018 is_type_float(arithmetic_type)) {
8019 warningf(WARN_FLOAT_EQUAL, pos, "comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe");
8021 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8022 /* TODO check compatibility */
8023 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
8024 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_left);
8025 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8026 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
8027 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8028 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison", pos, type_left, type_right);
8030 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8034 * Checks if a compound type has constant fields.
8036 static bool has_const_fields(const compound_type_t *type)
8038 compound_t *compound = type->compound;
8039 entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
8041 for (; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
8042 if (!is_declaration(entry))
8045 const type_t *decl_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
8046 if (decl_type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST)
8053 static bool is_valid_assignment_lhs(expression_t const* const left)
8055 type_t *const orig_type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
8056 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8058 if (!is_lvalue(left)) {
8059 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left hand side '%E' of assignment is not an lvalue",
8064 if (left->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE
8065 && left->reference.entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
8066 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to function '%E'", left);
8070 if (is_type_array(type_left)) {
8071 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to array '%E'", left);
8074 if (type_left->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
8075 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "assignment to read-only location '%E' (type '%T')", left,
8079 if (is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
8080 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left-hand side '%E' of assignment has incomplete type '%T'",
8081 left, orig_type_left);
8084 if (is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(&type_left->compound)) {
8085 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to '%E' because compound type '%T' has read-only fields",
8086 left, orig_type_left);
8093 static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8095 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8096 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8097 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8098 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8100 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8103 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8104 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8106 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8107 /* TODO: improve error message */
8108 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8109 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8110 "operation needs arithmetic types");
8115 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8116 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8117 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8118 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8119 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8120 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8121 expression->base.type = type_left;
8124 static void semantic_divmod_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8126 semantic_arithmetic_assign(expression);
8127 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
8130 static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8132 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8133 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
8134 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8135 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8136 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8137 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8139 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8142 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8143 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8144 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8145 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8146 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8147 type_t *const arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8148 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8149 expression->base.type = type_left;
8150 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8151 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
8152 type_left, orig_type_left);
8153 expression->base.type = type_left;
8154 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8155 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8156 "incompatible types '%T' and '%T' in assignment",
8157 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
8161 static void semantic_integer_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8163 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8164 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8165 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8166 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8168 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8171 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8172 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8174 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8175 /* TODO: improve error message */
8176 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8177 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8178 "operation needs integer types");
8183 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8184 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8185 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8186 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8187 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8188 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8189 expression->base.type = type_left;
8192 static void semantic_shift_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8194 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8196 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8199 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
8202 expression->base.type = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
8205 static void warn_logical_and_within_or(const expression_t *const expr)
8207 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND)
8209 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
8211 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
8212 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around && within ||");
8216 * Check the semantic restrictions of a logical expression.
8218 static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
8220 /* §6.5.13:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type.
8221 * §6.5.14:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type. */
8222 semantic_condition(expression->left, "left operand of logical operator");
8223 semantic_condition(expression->right, "right operand of logical operator");
8224 if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR) {
8225 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->left);
8226 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->right);
8228 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8232 * Check the semantic restrictions of a binary assign expression.
8234 static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8236 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8237 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8239 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8242 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(orig_type_left, expression->right);
8243 report_assign_error(error, orig_type_left, expression->right,
8244 "assignment", &left->base.source_position);
8245 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(expression->right, orig_type_left);
8246 expression->base.type = orig_type_left;
8250 * Determine if the outermost operation (or parts thereof) of the given
8251 * expression has no effect in order to generate a warning about this fact.
8252 * Therefore in some cases this only examines some of the operands of the
8253 * expression (see comments in the function and examples below).
8255 * f() + 23; // warning, because + has no effect
8256 * x || f(); // no warning, because x controls execution of f()
8257 * x ? y : f(); // warning, because y has no effect
8258 * (void)x; // no warning to be able to suppress the warning
8259 * This function can NOT be used for an "expression has definitely no effect"-
8261 static bool expression_has_effect(const expression_t *const expr)
8263 switch (expr->kind) {
8264 case EXPR_ERROR: return true; /* do NOT warn */
8265 case EXPR_REFERENCE: return false;
8266 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT: return false;
8267 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS: return false;
8269 /* suppress the warning for microsoft __noop operations */
8270 case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP: return true;
8271 case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
8272 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
8273 case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
8274 case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
8275 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: return false;
8278 const call_expression_t *const call = &expr->call;
8279 if (call->function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
8282 switch (call->function->reference.entity->function.btk) {
8283 /* FIXME: which builtins have no effect? */
8284 default: return true;
8288 /* Generate the warning if either the left or right hand side of a
8289 * conditional expression has no effect */
8290 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
8291 conditional_expression_t const *const cond = &expr->conditional;
8292 expression_t const *const t = cond->true_expression;
8294 (t == NULL || expression_has_effect(t)) &&
8295 expression_has_effect(cond->false_expression);
8298 case EXPR_SELECT: return false;
8299 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: return false;
8300 case EXPR_SIZEOF: return false;
8301 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE: return false;
8302 case EXPR_ALIGNOF: return false;
8304 case EXPR_FUNCNAME: return false;
8305 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: return false;
8306 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: return false;
8307 case EXPR_OFFSETOF: return false;
8308 case EXPR_VA_START: return true;
8309 case EXPR_VA_ARG: return true;
8310 case EXPR_VA_COPY: return true;
8311 case EXPR_STATEMENT: return true; // TODO
8312 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: return false;
8314 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE: return false;
8315 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS: return false;
8316 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE: return false;
8317 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: return false;
8318 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: return false;
8319 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS: return false;
8320 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8321 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8322 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8323 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8325 /* Treat void casts as if they have an effect in order to being able to
8326 * suppress the warning */
8327 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
8328 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
8329 return is_type_void(type);
8332 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: return true;
8333 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE: return true;
8334 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY: return true;
8335 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW: return true;
8337 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: return false;
8338 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: return false;
8339 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL: return false;
8340 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV: return false;
8341 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD: return false;
8342 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL: return false;
8343 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL: return false;
8344 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS: return false;
8345 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL: return false;
8346 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER: return false;
8347 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL: return false;
8348 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND: return false;
8349 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR: return false;
8350 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR: return false;
8351 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT: return false;
8352 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT: return false;
8353 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN: return true;
8354 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN: return true;
8355 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: return true;
8356 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: return true;
8357 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN: return true;
8358 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN: return true;
8359 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN: return true;
8360 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN: return true;
8361 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: return true;
8362 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: return true;
8363 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: return true;
8365 /* Only examine the right hand side of && and ||, because the left hand
8366 * side already has the effect of controlling the execution of the right
8368 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
8369 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
8370 /* Only examine the right hand side of a comma expression, because the left
8371 * hand side has a separate warning */
8372 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
8373 return expression_has_effect(expr->binary.right);
8375 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER: return false;
8376 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL: return false;
8377 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS: return false;
8378 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL: return false;
8379 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER: return false;
8380 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: return false;
8383 internal_errorf(HERE, "unexpected expression");
8386 static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
8388 const expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8389 if (!expression_has_effect(left)) {
8390 source_position_t const *const pos = &left->base.source_position;
8391 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, pos, "left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect");
8393 expression->base.type = expression->right->base.type;
8397 * @param prec_r precedence of the right operand
8399 #define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_kind, binexpression_type, prec_r, sfunc) \
8400 static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
8402 expression_t *binexpr = allocate_expression_zero(binexpression_type); \
8403 binexpr->binary.left = left; \
8406 expression_t *right = parse_subexpression(prec_r); \
8408 binexpr->binary.right = right; \
8409 sfunc(&binexpr->binary); \
8414 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', EXPR_BINARY_MUL, PREC_CAST, semantic_binexpr_arithmetic)
8415 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', EXPR_BINARY_DIV, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8416 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', EXPR_BINARY_MOD, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8417 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', EXPR_BINARY_ADD, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_add)
8418 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', EXPR_BINARY_SUB, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_sub)
8419 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8420 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8421 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', EXPR_BINARY_LESS, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8422 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8423 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8424 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8425 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8426 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8427 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, PREC_EQUALITY, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8428 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, PREC_AND, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8429 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, PREC_XOR, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8430 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, PREC_OR, semantic_logical_op)
8431 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, PREC_LOGICAL_AND, semantic_logical_op)
8432 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_binexpr_assign)
8433 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8434 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8435 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_assign)
8436 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8437 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8438 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8439 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8440 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8441 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8442 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8443 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_comma)
8446 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t precedence)
8448 expression_parser_function_t *parser
8449 = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8452 if (parser->parser != NULL) {
8453 left = parser->parser();
8455 left = parse_primary_expression();
8457 assert(left != NULL);
8460 parser = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8461 if (parser->infix_parser == NULL)
8463 if (parser->infix_precedence < precedence)
8466 left = parser->infix_parser(left);
8468 assert(left != NULL);
8475 * Parse an expression.
8477 static expression_t *parse_expression(void)
8479 return parse_subexpression(PREC_EXPRESSION);
8483 * Register a parser for a prefix-like operator.
8485 * @param parser the parser function
8486 * @param token_kind the token type of the prefix token
8488 static void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
8491 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8493 assert(!entry->parser);
8494 entry->parser = parser;
8498 * Register a parser for an infix operator with given precedence.
8500 * @param parser the parser function
8501 * @param token_kind the token type of the infix operator
8502 * @param precedence the precedence of the operator
8504 static void register_infix_parser(parse_expression_infix_function parser,
8505 int token_kind, precedence_t precedence)
8507 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8509 assert(!entry->infix_parser);
8510 entry->infix_parser = parser;
8511 entry->infix_precedence = precedence;
8515 * Initialize the expression parsers.
8517 static void init_expression_parsers(void)
8519 memset(&expression_parsers, 0, sizeof(expression_parsers));
8521 register_infix_parser(parse_array_expression, '[', PREC_POSTFIX);
8522 register_infix_parser(parse_call_expression, '(', PREC_POSTFIX);
8523 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, '.', PREC_POSTFIX);
8524 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, T_MINUSGREATER, PREC_POSTFIX);
8525 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8526 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8527 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL, '*', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8528 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV, '/', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8529 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD, '%', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8530 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD, '+', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8531 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB, '-', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8532 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, T_LESSLESS, PREC_SHIFT);
8533 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, T_GREATERGREATER, PREC_SHIFT);
8534 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESS, '<', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8535 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, '>', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8536 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, T_LESSEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8537 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, T_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8538 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, T_EQUALEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8539 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8540 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, '&', PREC_AND);
8541 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, '^', PREC_XOR);
8542 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, '|', PREC_OR);
8543 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, T_ANDAND, PREC_LOGICAL_AND);
8544 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, T_PIPEPIPE, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
8545 register_infix_parser(parse_conditional_expression, '?', PREC_CONDITIONAL);
8546 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, '=', PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8547 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, T_PLUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8548 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, T_MINUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8549 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, T_ASTERISKEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8550 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, T_SLASHEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8551 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, T_PERCENTEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8552 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, T_LESSLESSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8553 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8554 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, T_ANDEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8555 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, T_PIPEEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8556 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, T_CARETEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8557 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, ',', PREC_EXPRESSION);
8559 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE, '-');
8560 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PLUS, '+');
8561 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NOT, '!');
8562 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE, '~');
8563 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE, '*');
8564 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS, '&');
8565 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS);
8566 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS);
8567 register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof, T_sizeof);
8568 register_expression_parser(parse_alignof, T___alignof__);
8569 register_expression_parser(parse_extension, T___extension__);
8570 register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type, T___builtin_classify_type);
8571 register_expression_parser(parse_delete, T_delete);
8572 register_expression_parser(parse_throw, T_throw);
8576 * Parse a asm statement arguments specification.
8578 static asm_argument_t *parse_asm_arguments(bool is_out)
8580 asm_argument_t *result = NULL;
8581 asm_argument_t **anchor = &result;
8583 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL || token.kind == '[') {
8584 asm_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(argument[0]));
8587 add_anchor_token(']');
8588 argument->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing asm argument", NULL);
8589 rem_anchor_token(']');
8591 if (!argument->symbol)
8595 argument->constraints = parse_string_literals("asm argument");
8596 add_anchor_token(')');
8598 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8599 rem_anchor_token(')');
8601 /* Ugly GCC stuff: Allow lvalue casts. Skip casts, when they do not
8602 * change size or type representation (e.g. int -> long is ok, but
8603 * int -> float is not) */
8604 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
8605 type_t *const type = expression->base.type;
8606 type_kind_t const kind = type->kind;
8607 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8610 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8611 atomic_type_kind_t const akind = type->atomic.akind;
8612 flags = get_atomic_type_flags(akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8613 size = get_atomic_type_size(akind);
8615 flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8616 size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8620 expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
8621 type_t *const value_type = value->base.type;
8622 type_kind_t const value_kind = value_type->kind;
8624 unsigned value_flags;
8625 unsigned value_size;
8626 if (value_kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8627 atomic_type_kind_t const value_akind = value_type->atomic.akind;
8628 value_flags = get_atomic_type_flags(value_akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8629 value_size = get_atomic_type_size(value_akind);
8630 } else if (value_kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8631 value_flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8632 value_size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8637 if (value_flags != flags || value_size != size)
8641 } while (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
8645 if (!is_lvalue(expression)) {
8646 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8647 "asm output argument is not an lvalue");
8650 if (argument->constraints.begin[0] == '=')
8651 determine_lhs_ent(expression, NULL);
8653 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8655 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8657 argument->expression = expression;
8660 set_address_taken(expression, true);
8663 anchor = &argument->next;
8673 * Parse a asm statement clobber specification.
8675 static asm_clobber_t *parse_asm_clobbers(void)
8677 asm_clobber_t *result = NULL;
8678 asm_clobber_t **anchor = &result;
8680 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
8681 asm_clobber_t *clobber = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(clobber[0]));
8682 clobber->clobber = parse_string_literals(NULL);
8685 anchor = &clobber->next;
8695 * Parse an asm statement.
8697 static statement_t *parse_asm_statement(void)
8699 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
8700 asm_statement_t *asm_statement = &statement->asms;
8703 add_anchor_token(')');
8704 add_anchor_token(':');
8705 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
8707 if (next_if(T_volatile))
8708 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8711 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
8712 asm_statement->asm_text = parse_string_literals("asm statement");
8715 asm_statement->outputs = parse_asm_arguments(true);
8718 asm_statement->inputs = parse_asm_arguments(false);
8720 rem_anchor_token(':');
8722 asm_statement->clobbers = parse_asm_clobbers();
8724 rem_anchor_token(')');
8728 if (asm_statement->outputs == NULL) {
8729 /* GCC: An 'asm' instruction without any output operands will be treated
8730 * identically to a volatile 'asm' instruction. */
8731 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8737 static statement_t *parse_label_inner_statement(statement_t const *const label, char const *const label_kind)
8739 statement_t *inner_stmt;
8740 switch (token.kind) {
8742 errorf(&label->base.source_position, "%s at end of compound statement", label_kind);
8743 inner_stmt = create_error_statement();
8747 if (label->kind == STATEMENT_LABEL) {
8748 /* Eat an empty statement here, to avoid the warning about an empty
8749 * statement after a label. label:; is commonly used to have a label
8750 * before a closing brace. */
8751 inner_stmt = create_empty_statement();
8758 inner_stmt = parse_statement();
8759 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8760 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8761 if (inner_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8762 errorf(&inner_stmt->base.source_position, "declaration after %s", label_kind);
8770 * Parse a case statement.
8772 static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
8774 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8775 source_position_t *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8778 add_anchor_token(':');
8780 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8781 type_t *expression_type = expression->base.type;
8782 type_t *skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8783 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8784 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8785 expression, expression_type);
8788 type_t *type = expression_type;
8789 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8790 type_t *switch_type = current_switch->expression->base.type;
8791 if (is_type_valid(switch_type)) {
8792 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, switch_type);
8796 statement->case_label.expression = expression;
8797 expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
8798 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8799 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8800 errorf(pos, "case label does not reduce to an integer constant");
8802 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8804 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expression);
8805 statement->case_label.first_case = val;
8806 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8810 if (next_if(T_DOTDOTDOT)) {
8811 expression_t *end_range = parse_expression();
8812 expression_type = expression->base.type;
8813 skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8814 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8815 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8816 expression, expression_type);
8819 end_range = create_implicit_cast(end_range, type);
8820 statement->case_label.end_range = end_range;
8821 expression_classification_t const end_class = is_constant_expression(end_range);
8822 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8823 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8824 errorf(pos, "case range does not reduce to an integer constant");
8826 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8828 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(end_range);
8829 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8831 if (val < statement->case_label.first_case) {
8832 statement->case_label.is_empty_range = true;
8833 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty range specified");
8839 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8841 rem_anchor_token(':');
8844 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8845 if (! statement->case_label.is_bad) {
8846 /* Check for duplicate case values */
8847 case_label_statement_t *c = &statement->case_label;
8848 for (case_label_statement_t *l = current_switch->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
8849 if (l->is_bad || l->is_empty_range || l->expression == NULL)
8852 if (c->last_case < l->first_case || c->first_case > l->last_case)
8855 errorf(pos, "duplicate case value (previously used %P)",
8856 &l->base.source_position);
8860 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8861 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8862 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8864 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8866 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8868 errorf(pos, "case label not within a switch statement");
8871 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "case label");
8878 * Parse a default statement.
8880 static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
8882 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8886 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8890 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8891 const case_label_statement_t *def_label = current_switch->default_label;
8892 if (def_label != NULL) {
8893 errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "multiple default labels in one switch (previous declared %P)", &def_label->base.source_position);
8895 current_switch->default_label = &statement->case_label;
8897 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8898 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8899 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8901 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8903 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8906 errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
8907 "'default' label not within a switch statement");
8910 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "default label");
8917 * Parse a label statement.
8919 static statement_t *parse_label_statement(void)
8921 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LABEL);
8922 label_t *const label = get_label(NULL /* Cannot fail, token is T_IDENTIFIER. */);
8923 statement->label.label = label;
8925 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8927 /* if statement is already set then the label is defined twice,
8928 * otherwise it was just mentioned in a goto/local label declaration so far
8930 source_position_t const* const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8931 if (label->statement != NULL) {
8932 errorf(pos, "duplicate '%N' (declared %P)", (entity_t const*)label, &label->base.source_position);
8934 label->base.source_position = *pos;
8935 label->statement = statement;
8940 if (token.kind == T___attribute__ && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8941 parse_attributes(NULL); // TODO process attributes
8944 statement->label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "label");
8946 /* remember the labels in a list for later checking */
8947 *label_anchor = &statement->label;
8948 label_anchor = &statement->label.next;
8954 static statement_t *parse_inner_statement(void)
8956 statement_t *const stmt = parse_statement();
8957 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8958 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8959 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8960 errorf(&stmt->base.source_position, "declaration as inner statement, use {}");
8966 * Parse an expression in parentheses and mark its variables as read.
8968 static expression_t *parse_condition(void)
8970 add_anchor_token(')');
8972 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
8973 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
8974 rem_anchor_token(')');
8980 * Parse an if statement.
8982 static statement_t *parse_if(void)
8984 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_IF);
8988 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8989 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->ifs.scope);
8991 add_anchor_token(T_else);
8993 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
8994 statement->ifs.condition = expr;
8995 /* §6.8.4.1:1 The controlling expression of an if statement shall have
8997 semantic_condition(expr, "condition of 'if'-statment");
8999 statement_t *const true_stmt = parse_inner_statement();
9000 statement->ifs.true_statement = true_stmt;
9001 rem_anchor_token(T_else);
9003 if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9004 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9005 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9008 if (next_if(T_else)) {
9009 statement->ifs.false_statement = parse_inner_statement();
9011 if (statement->ifs.false_statement->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9012 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9013 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9015 } else if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_IF &&
9016 true_stmt->ifs.false_statement != NULL) {
9017 source_position_t const *const pos = &true_stmt->base.source_position;
9018 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else'");
9027 * Check that all enums are handled in a switch.
9029 * @param statement the switch statement to check
9031 static void check_enum_cases(const switch_statement_t *statement)
9033 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM))
9035 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(statement->expression->base.type);
9036 if (! is_type_enum(type))
9038 const enum_type_t *enumt = &type->enumt;
9040 /* if we have a default, no warnings */
9041 if (statement->default_label != NULL)
9044 /* FIXME: calculation of value should be done while parsing */
9045 /* TODO: quadratic algorithm here. Change to an n log n one */
9046 long last_value = -1;
9047 const entity_t *entry = enumt->enume->base.next;
9048 for (; entry != NULL && entry->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE;
9049 entry = entry->base.next) {
9050 const expression_t *expression = entry->enum_value.value;
9051 long value = expression != NULL ? fold_constant_to_int(expression) : last_value + 1;
9053 for (const case_label_statement_t *l = statement->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
9054 if (l->expression == NULL)
9056 if (l->first_case <= value && value <= l->last_case) {
9062 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9063 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM, pos, "'%N' not handled in switch", entry);
9070 * Parse a switch statement.
9072 static statement_t *parse_switch(void)
9074 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_SWITCH);
9078 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9079 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->switchs.scope);
9081 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9082 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9083 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9084 type = promote_integer(type);
9085 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) >= get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG)) {
9086 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, &expr->base.source_position, "'%T' switch expression not converted to '%T' in ISO C", type, type_int);
9088 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9089 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9090 "switch quantity is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9091 type = type_error_type;
9093 statement->switchs.expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9095 switch_statement_t *rem = current_switch;
9096 current_switch = &statement->switchs;
9097 statement->switchs.body = parse_inner_statement();
9098 current_switch = rem;
9100 if (statement->switchs.default_label == NULL) {
9101 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_DEFAULT, &statement->base.source_position, "switch has no default case");
9103 check_enum_cases(&statement->switchs);
9110 static statement_t *parse_loop_body(statement_t *const loop)
9112 statement_t *const rem = current_loop;
9113 current_loop = loop;
9115 statement_t *const body = parse_inner_statement();
9122 * Parse a while statement.
9124 static statement_t *parse_while(void)
9126 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_WHILE);
9130 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9131 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->whiles.scope);
9133 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9134 statement->whiles.condition = cond;
9135 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9136 * have scalar type. */
9137 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'while'-statement");
9139 statement->whiles.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9147 * Parse a do statement.
9149 static statement_t *parse_do(void)
9151 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DO_WHILE);
9155 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9156 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->do_while.scope);
9158 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9159 statement->do_while.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9160 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9163 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9164 statement->do_while.condition = cond;
9165 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9166 * have scalar type. */
9167 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'do-while'-statement");
9176 * Parse a for statement.
9178 static statement_t *parse_for(void)
9180 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_FOR);
9184 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9185 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->fors.scope);
9187 add_anchor_token(')');
9193 } else if (is_declaration_specifier(&token)) {
9194 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9196 add_anchor_token(';');
9197 expression_t *const init = parse_expression();
9198 statement->fors.initialisation = init;
9199 mark_vars_read(init, ENT_ANY);
9200 if (!expression_has_effect(init)) {
9201 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &init->base.source_position, "initialisation of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9203 rem_anchor_token(';');
9209 if (token.kind != ';') {
9210 add_anchor_token(';');
9211 expression_t *const cond = parse_expression();
9212 statement->fors.condition = cond;
9213 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement
9214 * shall have scalar type. */
9215 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'for'-statement");
9216 mark_vars_read(cond, NULL);
9217 rem_anchor_token(';');
9220 if (token.kind != ')') {
9221 expression_t *const step = parse_expression();
9222 statement->fors.step = step;
9223 mark_vars_read(step, ENT_ANY);
9224 if (!expression_has_effect(step)) {
9225 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &step->base.source_position, "step of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9228 rem_anchor_token(')');
9230 statement->fors.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9238 * Parse a goto statement.
9240 static statement_t *parse_goto(void)
9242 statement_t *statement;
9243 if (GNU_MODE && look_ahead(1)->kind == '*') {
9244 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO);
9248 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
9249 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
9251 /* Argh: although documentation says the expression must be of type void*,
9252 * gcc accepts anything that can be casted into void* without error */
9253 type_t *type = expression->base.type;
9255 if (type != type_error_type) {
9256 if (!is_type_pointer(type) && !is_type_integer(type)) {
9257 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
9258 "cannot convert to a pointer type");
9259 } else if (type != type_void_ptr) {
9260 warningf(WARN_OTHER, &expression->base.source_position, "type of computed goto expression should be 'void*' not '%T'", type);
9262 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, type_void_ptr);
9265 statement->computed_goto.expression = expression;
9267 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_GOTO);
9270 label_t *const label = get_label("while parsing goto");
9273 statement->gotos.label = label;
9275 /* remember the goto's in a list for later checking */
9276 *goto_anchor = &statement->gotos;
9277 goto_anchor = &statement->gotos.next;
9279 statement->gotos.label = &allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym_anonymous, &builtin_source_position)->label;
9288 * Parse a continue statement.
9290 static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
9292 if (current_loop == NULL) {
9293 errorf(HERE, "continue statement not within loop");
9296 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CONTINUE);
9304 * Parse a break statement.
9306 static statement_t *parse_break(void)
9308 if (current_switch == NULL && current_loop == NULL) {
9309 errorf(HERE, "break statement not within loop or switch");
9312 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_BREAK);
9320 * Parse a __leave statement.
9322 static statement_t *parse_leave_statement(void)
9324 if (current_try == NULL) {
9325 errorf(HERE, "__leave statement not within __try");
9328 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LEAVE);
9336 * Check if a given entity represents a local variable.
9338 static bool is_local_variable(const entity_t *entity)
9340 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
9343 switch ((storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class) {
9344 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
9345 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: {
9346 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
9347 if (is_type_function(type)) {
9359 * Check if a given expression represents a local variable.
9361 static bool expression_is_local_variable(const expression_t *expression)
9363 if (expression->base.kind != EXPR_REFERENCE) {
9366 const entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
9367 return is_local_variable(entity);
9370 static void err_or_warn(source_position_t const *const pos, char const *const msg)
9372 if (c_mode & _CXX || strict_mode) {
9375 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, msg);
9380 * Parse a return statement.
9382 static statement_t *parse_return(void)
9384 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_RETURN);
9387 expression_t *return_value = NULL;
9388 if (token.kind != ';') {
9389 return_value = parse_expression();
9390 mark_vars_read(return_value, NULL);
9393 const type_t *const func_type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
9394 assert(is_type_function(func_type));
9395 type_t *const return_type = skip_typeref(func_type->function.return_type);
9397 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9398 if (return_value != NULL) {
9399 type_t *return_value_type = skip_typeref(return_value->base.type);
9401 if (is_type_void(return_type)) {
9402 if (!is_type_void(return_value_type)) {
9403 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:2 */
9404 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9405 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with a value, in function returning 'void'");
9406 } else if (!(c_mode & _CXX)) { /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9407 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9408 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with expression in function returning 'void'");
9411 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(return_type, return_value);
9412 report_assign_error(error, return_type, return_value, "'return'",
9415 return_value = create_implicit_cast(return_value, return_type);
9416 /* check for returning address of a local var */
9417 if (return_value != NULL && return_value->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
9418 const expression_t *expression = return_value->unary.value;
9419 if (expression_is_local_variable(expression)) {
9420 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "function returns address of local variable");
9423 } else if (!is_type_void(return_type)) {
9424 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9425 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' without value, in function returning non-void");
9427 statement->returns.value = return_value;
9434 * Parse a declaration statement.
9436 static statement_t *parse_declaration_statement(void)
9438 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9440 entity_t *before = current_scope->last_entity;
9442 parse_external_declaration();
9444 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9447 declaration_statement_t *const decl = &statement->declaration;
9448 entity_t *const begin =
9449 before != NULL ? before->base.next : current_scope->entities;
9450 decl->declarations_begin = begin;
9451 decl->declarations_end = begin != NULL ? current_scope->last_entity : NULL;
9457 * Parse an expression statement, ie. expr ';'.
9459 static statement_t *parse_expression_statement(void)
9461 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
9463 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
9464 statement->expression.expression = expr;
9465 mark_vars_read(expr, ENT_ANY);
9472 * Parse a microsoft __try { } __finally { } or
9473 * __try{ } __except() { }
9475 static statement_t *parse_ms_try_statment(void)
9477 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_MS_TRY);
9480 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9482 ms_try_statement_t *rem = current_try;
9483 current_try = &statement->ms_try;
9484 statement->ms_try.try_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9489 if (next_if(T___except)) {
9490 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9491 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9492 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9493 type = promote_integer(type);
9494 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9495 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9496 "__expect expression is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9497 type = type_error_type;
9499 statement->ms_try.except_expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9500 } else if (!next_if(T__finally)) {
9501 parse_error_expected("while parsing __try statement", T___except, T___finally, NULL);
9503 statement->ms_try.final_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9507 static statement_t *parse_empty_statement(void)
9509 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_STATEMENT, HERE, "statement is empty");
9510 statement_t *const statement = create_empty_statement();
9515 static statement_t *parse_local_label_declaration(void)
9517 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9521 entity_t *begin = NULL;
9522 entity_t *end = NULL;
9523 entity_t **anchor = &begin;
9524 add_anchor_token(';');
9525 add_anchor_token(',');
9527 source_position_t pos;
9528 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing local label declaration", &pos);
9530 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
9531 if (entity != NULL && entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
9532 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
9533 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
9535 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, symbol, &pos);
9536 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9539 anchor = &entity->base.next;
9542 environment_push(entity);
9545 } while (next_if(','));
9546 rem_anchor_token(',');
9547 rem_anchor_token(';');
9549 statement->declaration.declarations_begin = begin;
9550 statement->declaration.declarations_end = end;
9554 static void parse_namespace_definition(void)
9558 entity_t *entity = NULL;
9559 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
9561 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
9562 symbol = token.base.symbol;
9563 entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
9564 if (entity && entity->kind != ENTITY_NAMESPACE) {
9566 if (entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
9567 error_redefined_as_different_kind(HERE, entity, ENTITY_NAMESPACE);
9573 if (entity == NULL) {
9574 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_NAMESPACE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
9575 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9578 if (token.kind == '=') {
9579 /* TODO: parse namespace alias */
9580 panic("namespace alias definition not supported yet");
9583 environment_push(entity);
9584 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
9586 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->namespacee.members);
9587 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
9589 add_anchor_token('}');
9592 rem_anchor_token('}');
9595 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
9600 * Parse a statement.
9601 * There's also parse_statement() which additionally checks for
9602 * "statement has no effect" warnings
9604 static statement_t *intern_parse_statement(void)
9606 /* declaration or statement */
9607 statement_t *statement;
9608 switch (token.kind) {
9609 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
9610 token_kind_t la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
9611 if (la1_type == ':') {
9612 statement = parse_label_statement();
9613 } else if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
9614 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9616 /* it's an identifier, the grammar says this must be an
9617 * expression statement. However it is common that users mistype
9618 * declaration types, so we guess a bit here to improve robustness
9619 * for incorrect programs */
9623 if (get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL) != NULL) {
9625 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9629 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9637 case T___extension__: {
9638 /* This can be a prefix to a declaration or an expression statement.
9639 * We simply eat it now and parse the rest with tail recursion. */
9641 statement = intern_parse_statement();
9647 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9651 statement = parse_local_label_declaration();
9654 case ';': statement = parse_empty_statement(); break;
9655 case '{': statement = parse_compound_statement(false); break;
9656 case T___leave: statement = parse_leave_statement(); break;
9657 case T___try: statement = parse_ms_try_statment(); break;
9658 case T_asm: statement = parse_asm_statement(); break;
9659 case T_break: statement = parse_break(); break;
9660 case T_case: statement = parse_case_statement(); break;
9661 case T_continue: statement = parse_continue(); break;
9662 case T_default: statement = parse_default_statement(); break;
9663 case T_do: statement = parse_do(); break;
9664 case T_for: statement = parse_for(); break;
9665 case T_goto: statement = parse_goto(); break;
9666 case T_if: statement = parse_if(); break;
9667 case T_return: statement = parse_return(); break;
9668 case T_switch: statement = parse_switch(); break;
9669 case T_while: statement = parse_while(); break;
9672 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9676 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K while parsing statement", &token);
9677 statement = create_error_statement();
9686 * parse a statement and emits "statement has no effect" warning if needed
9687 * (This is really a wrapper around intern_parse_statement with check for 1
9688 * single warning. It is needed, because for statement expressions we have
9689 * to avoid the warning on the last statement)
9691 static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
9693 statement_t *statement = intern_parse_statement();
9695 if (statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
9696 expression_t *expression = statement->expression.expression;
9697 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9698 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9706 * Parse a compound statement.
9708 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement)
9710 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
9712 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9713 PUSH_SCOPE(&statement->compound.scope);
9716 add_anchor_token('}');
9717 /* tokens, which can start a statement */
9718 /* TODO MS, __builtin_FOO */
9719 add_anchor_token('!');
9720 add_anchor_token('&');
9721 add_anchor_token('(');
9722 add_anchor_token('*');
9723 add_anchor_token('+');
9724 add_anchor_token('-');
9725 add_anchor_token(';');
9726 add_anchor_token('{');
9727 add_anchor_token('~');
9728 add_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9729 add_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9730 add_anchor_token(T_FLOATINGPOINT);
9731 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9732 add_anchor_token(T_INTEGER);
9733 add_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9734 add_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9735 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9736 add_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9737 add_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9738 add_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9739 add_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9740 add_anchor_token(T___alignof__);
9741 add_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9742 add_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9743 add_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9744 add_anchor_token(T___func__);
9745 add_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9746 add_anchor_token(T___label__);
9747 add_anchor_token(T___real__);
9748 add_anchor_token(T___thread);
9749 add_anchor_token(T_asm);
9750 add_anchor_token(T_auto);
9751 add_anchor_token(T_bool);
9752 add_anchor_token(T_break);
9753 add_anchor_token(T_case);
9754 add_anchor_token(T_char);
9755 add_anchor_token(T_class);
9756 add_anchor_token(T_const);
9757 add_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9758 add_anchor_token(T_continue);
9759 add_anchor_token(T_default);
9760 add_anchor_token(T_delete);
9761 add_anchor_token(T_double);
9762 add_anchor_token(T_do);
9763 add_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9764 add_anchor_token(T_enum);
9765 add_anchor_token(T_extern);
9766 add_anchor_token(T_false);
9767 add_anchor_token(T_float);
9768 add_anchor_token(T_for);
9769 add_anchor_token(T_goto);
9770 add_anchor_token(T_if);
9771 add_anchor_token(T_inline);
9772 add_anchor_token(T_int);
9773 add_anchor_token(T_long);
9774 add_anchor_token(T_new);
9775 add_anchor_token(T_operator);
9776 add_anchor_token(T_register);
9777 add_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9778 add_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9779 add_anchor_token(T_return);
9780 add_anchor_token(T_short);
9781 add_anchor_token(T_signed);
9782 add_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9783 add_anchor_token(T_static);
9784 add_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9785 add_anchor_token(T_struct);
9786 add_anchor_token(T_switch);
9787 add_anchor_token(T_template);
9788 add_anchor_token(T_this);
9789 add_anchor_token(T_throw);
9790 add_anchor_token(T_true);
9791 add_anchor_token(T_try);
9792 add_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9793 add_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9794 add_anchor_token(T_typename);
9795 add_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9796 add_anchor_token(T_union);
9797 add_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9798 add_anchor_token(T_using);
9799 add_anchor_token(T_void);
9800 add_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9801 add_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9802 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9804 statement_t **anchor = &statement->compound.statements;
9805 bool only_decls_so_far = true;
9806 while (token.kind != '}' && token.kind != T_EOF) {
9807 statement_t *sub_statement = intern_parse_statement();
9808 if (sub_statement->kind == STATEMENT_ERROR) {
9812 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_DECLARATION) {
9813 only_decls_so_far = false;
9814 } else if (!only_decls_so_far) {
9815 source_position_t const *const pos = &sub_statement->base.source_position;
9816 warningf(WARN_DECLARATION_AFTER_STATEMENT, pos, "ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code");
9819 *anchor = sub_statement;
9820 anchor = &sub_statement->base.next;
9824 /* look over all statements again to produce no effect warnings */
9825 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE)) {
9826 statement_t *sub_statement = statement->compound.statements;
9827 for (; sub_statement != NULL; sub_statement = sub_statement->base.next) {
9828 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_EXPRESSION)
9830 /* don't emit a warning for the last expression in an expression
9831 * statement as it has always an effect */
9832 if (inside_expression_statement && sub_statement->base.next == NULL)
9835 expression_t *expression = sub_statement->expression.expression;
9836 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9837 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9842 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9843 rem_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9844 rem_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9845 rem_anchor_token(T_void);
9846 rem_anchor_token(T_using);
9847 rem_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9848 rem_anchor_token(T_union);
9849 rem_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9850 rem_anchor_token(T_typename);
9851 rem_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9852 rem_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9853 rem_anchor_token(T_try);
9854 rem_anchor_token(T_true);
9855 rem_anchor_token(T_throw);
9856 rem_anchor_token(T_this);
9857 rem_anchor_token(T_template);
9858 rem_anchor_token(T_switch);
9859 rem_anchor_token(T_struct);
9860 rem_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9861 rem_anchor_token(T_static);
9862 rem_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9863 rem_anchor_token(T_signed);
9864 rem_anchor_token(T_short);
9865 rem_anchor_token(T_return);
9866 rem_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9867 rem_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9868 rem_anchor_token(T_register);
9869 rem_anchor_token(T_operator);
9870 rem_anchor_token(T_new);
9871 rem_anchor_token(T_long);
9872 rem_anchor_token(T_int);
9873 rem_anchor_token(T_inline);
9874 rem_anchor_token(T_if);
9875 rem_anchor_token(T_goto);
9876 rem_anchor_token(T_for);
9877 rem_anchor_token(T_float);
9878 rem_anchor_token(T_false);
9879 rem_anchor_token(T_extern);
9880 rem_anchor_token(T_enum);
9881 rem_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9882 rem_anchor_token(T_do);
9883 rem_anchor_token(T_double);
9884 rem_anchor_token(T_delete);
9885 rem_anchor_token(T_default);
9886 rem_anchor_token(T_continue);
9887 rem_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9888 rem_anchor_token(T_const);
9889 rem_anchor_token(T_class);
9890 rem_anchor_token(T_char);
9891 rem_anchor_token(T_case);
9892 rem_anchor_token(T_break);
9893 rem_anchor_token(T_bool);
9894 rem_anchor_token(T_auto);
9895 rem_anchor_token(T_asm);
9896 rem_anchor_token(T___thread);
9897 rem_anchor_token(T___real__);
9898 rem_anchor_token(T___label__);
9899 rem_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9900 rem_anchor_token(T___func__);
9901 rem_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9902 rem_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9903 rem_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9904 rem_anchor_token(T___alignof__);
9905 rem_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9906 rem_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9907 rem_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9908 rem_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9909 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9910 rem_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9911 rem_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9912 rem_anchor_token(T_INTEGER);
9913 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9914 rem_anchor_token(T_FLOATINGPOINT);
9915 rem_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9916 rem_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9917 rem_anchor_token('~');
9918 rem_anchor_token('{');
9919 rem_anchor_token(';');
9920 rem_anchor_token('-');
9921 rem_anchor_token('+');
9922 rem_anchor_token('*');
9923 rem_anchor_token('(');
9924 rem_anchor_token('&');
9925 rem_anchor_token('!');
9926 rem_anchor_token('}');
9934 * Check for unused global static functions and variables
9936 static void check_unused_globals(void)
9938 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION) && !is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE))
9941 for (const entity_t *entity = file_scope->entities; entity != NULL;
9942 entity = entity->base.next) {
9943 if (!is_declaration(entity))
9946 const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
9947 if (declaration->used ||
9948 declaration->modifiers & DM_UNUSED ||
9949 declaration->modifiers & DM_USED ||
9950 declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
9955 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
9956 /* inhibit warning for static inline functions */
9957 if (entity->function.is_inline)
9960 why = WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION;
9961 s = entity->function.statement != NULL ? "defined" : "declared";
9963 why = WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE;
9967 warningf(why, &declaration->base.source_position, "'%#N' %s but not used", entity, s);
9971 static void parse_global_asm(void)
9973 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
9976 add_anchor_token(';');
9977 add_anchor_token(')');
9978 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9981 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9982 statement->asms.asm_text = parse_string_literals("global asm");
9983 statement->base.next = unit->global_asm;
9984 unit->global_asm = statement;
9986 rem_anchor_token(')');
9988 rem_anchor_token(';');
9992 static void parse_linkage_specification(void)
9996 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
9997 char const *const linkage = parse_string_literals(NULL).begin;
9999 linkage_kind_t old_linkage = current_linkage;
10000 linkage_kind_t new_linkage;
10001 if (streq(linkage, "C")) {
10002 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10003 } else if (streq(linkage, "C++")) {
10004 new_linkage = LINKAGE_CXX;
10006 errorf(&pos, "linkage string \"%s\" not recognized", linkage);
10007 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10009 current_linkage = new_linkage;
10011 if (next_if('{')) {
10018 assert(current_linkage == new_linkage);
10019 current_linkage = old_linkage;
10022 static void parse_external(void)
10024 switch (token.kind) {
10026 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
10027 parse_linkage_specification();
10029 DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN
10031 case T___extension__:
10032 /* tokens below are for implicit int */
10033 case '&': /* & x; -> int& x; (and error later, because C++ has no
10035 case '*': /* * x; -> int* x; */
10036 case '(': /* (x); -> int (x); */
10038 parse_external_declaration();
10044 parse_global_asm();
10048 parse_namespace_definition();
10052 if (!strict_mode) {
10053 warningf(WARN_STRAY_SEMICOLON, HERE, "stray ';' outside of function");
10060 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10061 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10062 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10068 static void parse_externals(void)
10070 add_anchor_token('}');
10071 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10074 /* make a copy of the anchor set, so we can check if it is restored after parsing */
10075 unsigned short token_anchor_copy[T_LAST_TOKEN];
10076 memcpy(token_anchor_copy, token_anchor_set, sizeof(token_anchor_copy));
10079 while (token.kind != T_EOF && token.kind != '}') {
10081 for (int i = 0; i < T_LAST_TOKEN; ++i) {
10082 unsigned short count = token_anchor_set[i] - token_anchor_copy[i];
10084 /* the anchor set and its copy differs */
10085 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked anchor token %k %d times", i, count);
10088 if (in_gcc_extension) {
10089 /* an gcc extension scope was not closed */
10090 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked __extension__");
10097 rem_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10098 rem_anchor_token('}');
10102 * Parse a translation unit.
10104 static void parse_translation_unit(void)
10106 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10111 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
10114 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10115 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10116 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10121 void set_default_visibility(elf_visibility_tag_t visibility)
10123 default_visibility = visibility;
10129 * @return the translation unit or NULL if errors occurred.
10131 void start_parsing(void)
10133 environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10134 label_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10138 print_to_file(stderr);
10140 assert(unit == NULL);
10141 unit = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unit[0]));
10143 assert(file_scope == NULL);
10144 file_scope = &unit->scope;
10146 assert(current_scope == NULL);
10147 scope_push(&unit->scope);
10149 create_gnu_builtins();
10151 create_microsoft_intrinsics();
10154 translation_unit_t *finish_parsing(void)
10156 assert(current_scope == &unit->scope);
10159 assert(file_scope == &unit->scope);
10160 check_unused_globals();
10163 DEL_ARR_F(environment_stack);
10164 DEL_ARR_F(label_stack);
10166 translation_unit_t *result = unit;
10171 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
10172 * are given length one. */
10173 static void complete_incomplete_arrays(void)
10175 size_t n = ARR_LEN(incomplete_arrays);
10176 for (size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
10177 declaration_t *const decl = incomplete_arrays[i];
10178 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
10180 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
10183 source_position_t const *const pos = &decl->base.source_position;
10184 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "array '%#N' assumed to have one element", (entity_t const*)decl);
10186 type_t *const new_type = duplicate_type(type);
10187 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
10188 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
10189 new_type->array.size = 1;
10191 type_t *const result = identify_new_type(new_type);
10193 decl->type = result;
10197 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t *const entity)
10199 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.statement->compound.scope);
10201 // create call to __main
10202 symbol_t *symbol = symbol_table_insert("__main");
10203 entity_t *subsubmain_ent
10204 = create_implicit_function(symbol, &builtin_source_position);
10206 expression_t *ref = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_REFERENCE);
10207 type_t *ftype = subsubmain_ent->declaration.type;
10208 ref->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10209 ref->base.type = make_pointer_type(ftype, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
10210 ref->reference.entity = subsubmain_ent;
10212 expression_t *call = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
10213 call->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10214 call->base.type = type_void;
10215 call->call.function = ref;
10217 statement_t *expr_statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
10218 expr_statement->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10219 expr_statement->expression.expression = call;
10221 statement_t *statement = entity->function.statement;
10222 assert(statement->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
10223 compound_statement_t *compounds = &statement->compound;
10225 expr_statement->base.next = compounds->statements;
10226 compounds->statements = expr_statement;
10233 lookahead_bufpos = 0;
10234 for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOKAHEAD + 2; ++i) {
10237 current_linkage = c_mode & _CXX ? LINKAGE_CXX : LINKAGE_C;
10238 incomplete_arrays = NEW_ARR_F(declaration_t*, 0);
10239 parse_translation_unit();
10240 complete_incomplete_arrays();
10241 DEL_ARR_F(incomplete_arrays);
10242 incomplete_arrays = NULL;
10246 * Initialize the parser.
10248 void init_parser(void)
10250 sym_anonymous = symbol_table_insert("<anonymous>");
10252 memset(token_anchor_set, 0, sizeof(token_anchor_set));
10254 init_expression_parsers();
10255 obstack_init(&temp_obst);
10259 * Terminate the parser.
10261 void exit_parser(void)
10263 obstack_free(&temp_obst, NULL);