2 * This file is part of cparser.
3 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
8 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
26 #include "adt/strutil.h"
28 #include "diagnostic.h"
29 #include "format_check.h"
35 #include "type_hash.h"
38 #include "attribute_t.h"
39 #include "lang_features.h"
43 #include "adt/bitfiddle.h"
44 #include "adt/error.h"
45 #include "adt/array.h"
47 //#define PRINT_TOKENS
48 #define MAX_LOOKAHEAD 1
53 entity_namespace_t namespc;
56 typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t declaration_specifiers_t;
57 struct declaration_specifiers_t {
58 source_position_t source_position;
59 storage_class_t storage_class;
60 unsigned char alignment; /**< Alignment, 0 if not set. */
62 bool thread_local : 1; /**< GCC __thread */
63 attribute_t *attributes; /**< list of attributes */
68 * An environment for parsing initializers (and compound literals).
70 typedef struct parse_initializer_env_t {
71 type_t *type; /**< the type of the initializer. In case of an
72 array type with unspecified size this gets
73 adjusted to the actual size. */
74 entity_t *entity; /**< the variable that is initialized if any */
75 bool must_be_constant;
76 } parse_initializer_env_t;
78 typedef entity_t* (*parsed_declaration_func) (entity_t *declaration, bool is_definition);
80 /** The current token. */
82 /** The lookahead ring-buffer. */
83 static token_t lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
84 /** Position of the next token in the lookahead buffer. */
85 static size_t lookahead_bufpos;
86 static stack_entry_t *environment_stack = NULL;
87 static stack_entry_t *label_stack = NULL;
88 static scope_t *file_scope = NULL;
89 static scope_t *current_scope = NULL;
90 /** Point to the current function declaration if inside a function. */
91 static function_t *current_function = NULL;
92 static entity_t *current_entity = NULL;
93 static switch_statement_t *current_switch = NULL;
94 static statement_t *current_loop = NULL;
95 static statement_t *current_parent = NULL;
96 static ms_try_statement_t *current_try = NULL;
97 static linkage_kind_t current_linkage;
98 static goto_statement_t *goto_first = NULL;
99 static goto_statement_t **goto_anchor = NULL;
100 static label_statement_t *label_first = NULL;
101 static label_statement_t **label_anchor = NULL;
102 /** current translation unit. */
103 static translation_unit_t *unit = NULL;
104 /** true if we are in an __extension__ context. */
105 static bool in_gcc_extension = false;
106 static struct obstack temp_obst;
107 static entity_t *anonymous_entity;
108 static declaration_t **incomplete_arrays;
109 static elf_visibility_tag_t default_visibility = ELF_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT;
112 #define PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity) \
113 entity_t *const new_current_entity = (entity); \
114 entity_t *const old_current_entity = current_entity; \
115 ((void)(current_entity = new_current_entity))
116 #define POP_CURRENT_ENTITY() (assert(current_entity == new_current_entity), (void)(current_entity = old_current_entity))
118 #define PUSH_PARENT(stmt) \
119 statement_t *const new_parent = (stmt); \
120 statement_t *const old_parent = current_parent; \
121 ((void)(current_parent = new_parent))
122 #define POP_PARENT() (assert(current_parent == new_parent), (void)(current_parent = old_parent))
124 #define PUSH_SCOPE(scope) \
125 size_t const top = environment_top(); \
126 scope_t *const new_scope = (scope); \
127 scope_t *const old_scope = (new_scope ? scope_push(new_scope) : NULL)
128 #define PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(scope) PUSH_SCOPE(c_mode & (_C99 | _CXX) ? (scope) : NULL)
129 #define POP_SCOPE() (new_scope ? assert(current_scope == new_scope), scope_pop(old_scope), environment_pop_to(top) : (void)0)
131 #define PUSH_EXTENSION() \
133 bool const old_gcc_extension = in_gcc_extension; \
134 while (next_if(T___extension__)) { \
135 in_gcc_extension = true; \
138 #define POP_EXTENSION() \
139 ((void)(in_gcc_extension = old_gcc_extension))
141 /** special symbol used for anonymous entities. */
142 static symbol_t *sym_anonymous = NULL;
144 /** The token anchor set */
145 static unsigned short token_anchor_set[T_LAST_TOKEN];
147 /** The current source position. */
148 #define HERE (&token.base.source_position)
150 /** true if we are in GCC mode. */
151 #define GNU_MODE ((c_mode & _GNUC) || in_gcc_extension)
153 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement);
154 static statement_t *parse_statement(void);
156 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t);
157 static expression_t *parse_expression(void);
158 static type_t *parse_typename(void);
159 static void parse_externals(void);
160 static void parse_external(void);
162 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound_declaration);
164 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
165 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos);
167 typedef enum declarator_flags_t {
169 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT = 1U << 0,
170 DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER = 1U << 1,
171 DECL_IS_PARAMETER = 1U << 2
172 } declarator_flags_t;
174 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
175 declarator_flags_t flags);
177 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression);
179 #define STORAGE_CLASSES \
180 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
183 #define STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
190 #define TYPE_QUALIFIERS \
195 case T__forceinline: \
196 case T___attribute__:
198 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS \
200 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
203 #define TYPE_SPECIFIERS \
205 case T___builtin_va_list: \
230 #define DECLARATION_START \
235 #define DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN \
236 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
240 #define EXPRESSION_START \
249 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: \
250 case T_FLOATINGPOINT: \
254 case T_STRING_LITERAL: \
255 case T___FUNCDNAME__: \
256 case T___FUNCSIG__: \
257 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: \
258 case T___alignof__: \
259 case T___builtin_classify_type: \
260 case T___builtin_constant_p: \
261 case T___builtin_isgreater: \
262 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: \
263 case T___builtin_isless: \
264 case T___builtin_islessequal: \
265 case T___builtin_islessgreater: \
266 case T___builtin_isunordered: \
267 case T___builtin_offsetof: \
268 case T___builtin_va_arg: \
269 case T___builtin_va_copy: \
270 case T___builtin_va_start: \
281 * Returns the size of a statement node.
283 * @param kind the statement kind
285 static size_t get_statement_struct_size(statement_kind_t kind)
287 static const size_t sizes[] = {
288 [STATEMENT_ERROR] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
289 [STATEMENT_EMPTY] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
290 [STATEMENT_COMPOUND] = sizeof(compound_statement_t),
291 [STATEMENT_RETURN] = sizeof(return_statement_t),
292 [STATEMENT_DECLARATION] = sizeof(declaration_statement_t),
293 [STATEMENT_IF] = sizeof(if_statement_t),
294 [STATEMENT_SWITCH] = sizeof(switch_statement_t),
295 [STATEMENT_EXPRESSION] = sizeof(expression_statement_t),
296 [STATEMENT_CONTINUE] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
297 [STATEMENT_BREAK] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
298 [STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO] = sizeof(computed_goto_statement_t),
299 [STATEMENT_GOTO] = sizeof(goto_statement_t),
300 [STATEMENT_LABEL] = sizeof(label_statement_t),
301 [STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL] = sizeof(case_label_statement_t),
302 [STATEMENT_WHILE] = sizeof(while_statement_t),
303 [STATEMENT_DO_WHILE] = sizeof(do_while_statement_t),
304 [STATEMENT_FOR] = sizeof(for_statement_t),
305 [STATEMENT_ASM] = sizeof(asm_statement_t),
306 [STATEMENT_MS_TRY] = sizeof(ms_try_statement_t),
307 [STATEMENT_LEAVE] = sizeof(leave_statement_t)
309 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
310 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
315 * Returns the size of an expression node.
317 * @param kind the expression kind
319 static size_t get_expression_struct_size(expression_kind_t kind)
321 static const size_t sizes[] = {
322 [EXPR_ERROR] = sizeof(expression_base_t),
323 [EXPR_REFERENCE] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
324 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
325 [EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
326 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
327 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
328 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
329 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
330 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL] = sizeof(compound_literal_expression_t),
331 [EXPR_CALL] = sizeof(call_expression_t),
332 [EXPR_UNARY_FIRST] = sizeof(unary_expression_t),
333 [EXPR_BINARY_FIRST] = sizeof(binary_expression_t),
334 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL] = sizeof(conditional_expression_t),
335 [EXPR_SELECT] = sizeof(select_expression_t),
336 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS] = sizeof(array_access_expression_t),
337 [EXPR_SIZEOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
338 [EXPR_ALIGNOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
339 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE] = sizeof(classify_type_expression_t),
340 [EXPR_FUNCNAME] = sizeof(funcname_expression_t),
341 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P] = sizeof(builtin_constant_expression_t),
342 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = sizeof(builtin_types_compatible_expression_t),
343 [EXPR_OFFSETOF] = sizeof(offsetof_expression_t),
344 [EXPR_VA_START] = sizeof(va_start_expression_t),
345 [EXPR_VA_ARG] = sizeof(va_arg_expression_t),
346 [EXPR_VA_COPY] = sizeof(va_copy_expression_t),
347 [EXPR_STATEMENT] = sizeof(statement_expression_t),
348 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS] = sizeof(label_address_expression_t),
350 if (kind >= EXPR_UNARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_UNARY_LAST) {
351 return sizes[EXPR_UNARY_FIRST];
353 if (kind >= EXPR_BINARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_BINARY_LAST) {
354 return sizes[EXPR_BINARY_FIRST];
356 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
357 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
362 * Allocate a statement node of given kind and initialize all
363 * fields with zero. Sets its source position to the position
364 * of the current token.
366 static statement_t *allocate_statement_zero(statement_kind_t kind)
368 size_t size = get_statement_struct_size(kind);
369 statement_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
371 res->base.kind = kind;
372 res->base.parent = current_parent;
373 res->base.source_position = *HERE;
378 * Allocate an expression node of given kind and initialize all
381 * @param kind the kind of the expression to allocate
383 static expression_t *allocate_expression_zero(expression_kind_t kind)
385 size_t size = get_expression_struct_size(kind);
386 expression_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
388 res->base.kind = kind;
389 res->base.type = type_error_type;
390 res->base.source_position = *HERE;
395 * Creates a new invalid expression at the source position
396 * of the current token.
398 static expression_t *create_error_expression(void)
400 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ERROR);
401 expression->base.type = type_error_type;
406 * Creates a new invalid statement.
408 static statement_t *create_error_statement(void)
410 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ERROR);
414 * Allocate a new empty statement.
416 static statement_t *create_empty_statement(void)
418 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EMPTY);
422 * Returns the size of an initializer node.
424 * @param kind the initializer kind
426 static size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_kind_t kind)
428 static const size_t sizes[] = {
429 [INITIALIZER_VALUE] = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
430 [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
431 [INITIALIZER_LIST] = sizeof(initializer_list_t),
432 [INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR] = sizeof(initializer_designator_t)
434 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
435 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
440 * Allocate an initializer node of given kind and initialize all
443 static initializer_t *allocate_initializer_zero(initializer_kind_t kind)
445 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(kind));
452 * Returns the index of the top element of the environment stack.
454 static size_t environment_top(void)
456 return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
460 * Returns the index of the top element of the global label stack.
462 static size_t label_top(void)
464 return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
468 * Return the next token.
470 static inline void next_token(void)
472 token = lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos];
473 lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos] = lexer_token;
476 lookahead_bufpos = (lookahead_bufpos + 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
479 print_token(stderr, &token);
480 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
484 #define eat(token_kind) (assert(token.kind == (token_kind)), next_token())
486 static inline bool next_if(token_kind_t const type)
488 if (token.kind == type) {
497 * Return the next token with a given lookahead.
499 static inline const token_t *look_ahead(size_t num)
501 assert(0 < num && num <= MAX_LOOKAHEAD);
502 size_t pos = (lookahead_bufpos + num - 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
503 return &lookahead_buffer[pos];
507 * Adds a token type to the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
509 static void add_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
511 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
512 ++token_anchor_set[token_kind];
516 * Remove a token type from the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
518 static void rem_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
520 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
521 assert(token_anchor_set[token_kind] != 0);
522 --token_anchor_set[token_kind];
526 * Eat tokens until a matching token type is found.
528 static void eat_until_matching_token(token_kind_t const type)
530 token_kind_t end_token;
532 case '(': end_token = ')'; break;
533 case '{': end_token = '}'; break;
534 case '[': end_token = ']'; break;
535 default: end_token = type; break;
538 unsigned parenthesis_count = 0;
539 unsigned brace_count = 0;
540 unsigned bracket_count = 0;
541 while (token.kind != end_token ||
542 parenthesis_count != 0 ||
544 bracket_count != 0) {
545 switch (token.kind) {
547 case '(': ++parenthesis_count; break;
548 case '{': ++brace_count; break;
549 case '[': ++bracket_count; break;
552 if (parenthesis_count > 0)
562 if (bracket_count > 0)
565 if (token.kind == end_token &&
566 parenthesis_count == 0 &&
580 * Eat input tokens until an anchor is found.
582 static void eat_until_anchor(void)
584 while (token_anchor_set[token.kind] == 0) {
585 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
586 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
592 * Eat a whole block from input tokens.
594 static void eat_block(void)
596 eat_until_matching_token('{');
601 * Report a parse error because an expected token was not found.
604 #if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
605 __attribute__((sentinel))
607 void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
609 if (message != NULL) {
610 errorf(HERE, "%s", message);
613 va_start(ap, message);
614 errorf(HERE, "got %K, expected %#k", &token, &ap, ", ");
619 * Report an incompatible type.
621 static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
622 const source_position_t *source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
624 errorf(source_position, "%s, incompatible types: '%T' - '%T'",
628 static bool skip_till(token_kind_t const expected, char const *const context)
630 if (UNLIKELY(token.kind != expected)) {
631 parse_error_expected(context, expected, NULL);
632 add_anchor_token(expected);
634 rem_anchor_token(expected);
635 if (token.kind != expected)
642 * Expect the current token is the expected token.
643 * If not, generate an error and skip until the next anchor.
645 static void expect(token_kind_t const expected)
647 if (skip_till(expected, NULL))
651 static symbol_t *expect_identifier(char const *const context, source_position_t *const pos)
653 if (!skip_till(T_IDENTIFIER, context))
655 symbol_t *const sym = token.base.symbol;
663 * Push a given scope on the scope stack and make it the
666 static scope_t *scope_push(scope_t *new_scope)
668 if (current_scope != NULL) {
669 new_scope->depth = current_scope->depth + 1;
672 scope_t *old_scope = current_scope;
673 current_scope = new_scope;
678 * Pop the current scope from the scope stack.
680 static void scope_pop(scope_t *old_scope)
682 current_scope = old_scope;
686 * Search an entity by its symbol in a given namespace.
688 static entity_t *get_entity(const symbol_t *const symbol,
689 namespace_tag_t namespc)
691 entity_t *entity = symbol->entity;
692 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.symbol_next) {
693 if ((namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
700 /* §6.2.3:1 24) There is only one name space for tags even though three are
702 static entity_t *get_tag(symbol_t const *const symbol,
703 entity_kind_tag_t const kind)
705 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_TAG);
706 if (entity != NULL && (entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind != kind) {
708 "'%Y' defined as wrong kind of tag (previous definition %P)",
709 symbol, &entity->base.source_position);
716 * pushs an entity on the environment stack and links the corresponding symbol
719 static void stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, entity_t *entity)
721 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
722 entity_namespace_t namespc = entity->base.namespc;
723 assert(namespc != 0);
725 /* replace/add entity into entity list of the symbol */
728 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
733 /* replace an entry? */
734 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc) {
735 entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
741 /* remember old declaration */
743 entry.symbol = symbol;
744 entry.old_entity = iter;
745 entry.namespc = namespc;
746 ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
750 * Push an entity on the environment stack.
752 static void environment_push(entity_t *entity)
754 assert(entity->base.source_position.input_name != NULL);
755 assert(entity->base.parent_scope != NULL);
756 stack_push(&environment_stack, entity);
760 * Push a declaration on the global label stack.
762 * @param declaration the declaration
764 static void label_push(entity_t *label)
766 /* we abuse the parameters scope as parent for the labels */
767 label->base.parent_scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
768 stack_push(&label_stack, label);
772 * pops symbols from the environment stack until @p new_top is the top element
774 static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
776 stack_entry_t *stack = *stack_ptr;
777 size_t top = ARR_LEN(stack);
780 assert(new_top <= top);
784 for (i = top; i > new_top; --i) {
785 stack_entry_t *entry = &stack[i - 1];
787 entity_t *old_entity = entry->old_entity;
788 symbol_t *symbol = entry->symbol;
789 entity_namespace_t namespc = entry->namespc;
791 /* replace with old_entity/remove */
794 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
796 assert(iter != NULL);
797 /* replace an entry? */
798 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc)
802 /* restore definition from outer scopes (if there was one) */
803 if (old_entity != NULL) {
804 old_entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
805 *anchor = old_entity;
807 /* remove entry from list */
808 *anchor = iter->base.symbol_next;
812 ARR_SHRINKLEN(*stack_ptr, new_top);
816 * Pop all entries from the environment stack until the new_top
819 * @param new_top the new stack top
821 static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
823 stack_pop_to(&environment_stack, new_top);
827 * Pop all entries from the global label stack until the new_top
830 * @param new_top the new stack top
832 static void label_pop_to(size_t new_top)
834 stack_pop_to(&label_stack, new_top);
837 static atomic_type_kind_t get_akind(const type_t *type)
839 assert(type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || type->kind == TYPE_COMPLEX
840 || type->kind == TYPE_IMAGINARY || type->kind == TYPE_ENUM);
841 return type->atomic.akind;
845 * §6.3.1.1:2 Do integer promotion for a given type.
847 * @param type the type to promote
848 * @return the promoted type
850 static type_t *promote_integer(type_t *type)
852 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) < get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT))
859 * Check if a given expression represents a null pointer constant.
861 * @param expression the expression to check
863 static bool is_null_pointer_constant(const expression_t *expression)
865 /* skip void* cast */
866 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
867 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
868 if (types_compatible(type, type_void_ptr))
869 expression = expression->unary.value;
872 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
873 if (!is_type_integer(type))
875 switch (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
876 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return true;
877 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return !fold_constant_to_bool(expression);
878 default: return false;
883 * Create an implicit cast expression.
885 * @param expression the expression to cast
886 * @param dest_type the destination type
888 static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
891 type_t *const source_type = expression->base.type;
893 if (source_type == dest_type)
896 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
897 cast->unary.value = expression;
898 cast->base.type = dest_type;
899 cast->base.implicit = true;
904 typedef enum assign_error_t {
906 ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE,
907 ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING,
908 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE,
909 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT,
910 ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER
913 static void report_assign_error(assign_error_t error, type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t const *const right, char const *const context, source_position_t const *const pos)
915 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
916 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
917 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
922 case ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE:
923 errorf(pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right);
926 case ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING: {
927 type_t *points_to_left = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
928 type_t *points_to_right = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
930 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
931 unsigned missing_qualifiers = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
932 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s from type '%T' lacks qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right, missing_qualifiers);
936 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE:
937 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with '%E' of type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, right, orig_type_right);
940 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT:
941 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes pointer '%T' from integer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
944 case ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER:
945 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes integer '%T' from pointer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
949 panic("invalid error value");
953 /** Implements the rules from §6.5.16.1 */
954 static assign_error_t semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left,
955 const expression_t *const right)
957 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
958 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
959 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
961 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
962 if (is_null_pointer_constant(right)) {
963 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
964 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
965 type_t *points_to_left
966 = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
967 type_t *points_to_right
968 = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
969 assign_error_t res = ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
971 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
972 unsigned missing_qualifiers
973 = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
974 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
975 res = ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING;
978 points_to_left = get_unqualified_type(points_to_left);
979 points_to_right = get_unqualified_type(points_to_right);
981 if (is_type_void(points_to_left))
984 if (is_type_void(points_to_right)) {
985 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:6 */
986 return c_mode & _CXX ? ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE : res;
989 if (!types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
990 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE;
994 } else if (is_type_integer(type_right)) {
995 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT;
997 } else if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
998 (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
999 && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
1000 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1001 } else if (is_type_compound(type_left) && is_type_compound(type_right)) {
1002 type_t *const unqual_type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
1003 type_t *const unqual_type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
1004 if (types_compatible(unqual_type_left, unqual_type_right)) {
1005 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1007 } else if (is_type_integer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
1008 return ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER;
1011 if (!is_type_valid(type_left) || !is_type_valid(type_right))
1012 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1014 return ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
1017 static expression_t *parse_constant_expression(void)
1019 expression_t *result = parse_subexpression(PREC_CONDITIONAL);
1021 if (is_constant_expression(result) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
1022 errorf(&result->base.source_position,
1023 "expression '%E' is not constant", result);
1029 static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
1031 return parse_subexpression(PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
1034 static void append_string(string_t const *const s)
1036 /* FIXME Using the ast_obstack is a hack. Using the symbol_obstack is not
1037 * possible, because other tokens are grown there alongside. */
1038 obstack_grow(&ast_obstack, s->begin, s->size);
1041 static string_t finish_string(void)
1043 obstack_1grow(&ast_obstack, '\0');
1044 size_t const size = obstack_object_size(&ast_obstack) - 1;
1045 char const *const string = obstack_finish(&ast_obstack);
1046 return (string_t){ string, size };
1049 static string_t concat_string_literals(string_encoding_t *const out_enc)
1051 assert(token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1054 string_encoding_t enc = token.string.encoding;
1055 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
1056 append_string(&token.string.string);
1057 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1058 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
1060 if (token.string.encoding != STRING_ENCODING_CHAR) {
1061 enc = token.string.encoding;
1063 append_string(&token.string.string);
1064 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1065 } while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1066 result = finish_string();
1068 result = token.string.string;
1069 eat(T_STRING_LITERAL);
1076 static string_t parse_string_literals(char const *const context)
1078 if (!skip_till(T_STRING_LITERAL, context))
1079 return (string_t){ "", 0 };
1081 string_encoding_t enc;
1082 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
1083 string_t const res = concat_string_literals(&enc);
1085 if (enc != STRING_ENCODING_CHAR) {
1086 errorf(&pos, "expected plain string literal, got wide string literal");
1092 static attribute_t *allocate_attribute_zero(attribute_kind_t kind)
1094 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*attribute));
1095 attribute->kind = kind;
1096 attribute->source_position = *HERE;
1101 * Parse (gcc) attribute argument. From gcc comments in gcc source:
1104 * __attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
1108 * attribute_list , attrib
1113 * any-word ( identifier )
1114 * any-word ( identifier , nonempty-expr-list )
1115 * any-word ( expr-list )
1117 * where the "identifier" must not be declared as a type, and
1118 * "any-word" may be any identifier (including one declared as a
1119 * type), a reserved word storage class specifier, type specifier or
1120 * type qualifier. ??? This still leaves out most reserved keywords
1121 * (following the old parser), shouldn't we include them, and why not
1122 * allow identifiers declared as types to start the arguments?
1124 * Matze: this all looks confusing and little systematic, so we're even less
1125 * strict and parse any list of things which are identifiers or
1126 * (assignment-)expressions.
1128 static attribute_argument_t *parse_attribute_arguments(void)
1130 attribute_argument_t *first = NULL;
1131 attribute_argument_t **anchor = &first;
1132 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1133 attribute_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
1135 /* is it an identifier */
1136 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER
1137 && (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
1138 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_SYMBOL;
1139 argument->v.symbol = token.base.symbol;
1142 /* must be an expression */
1143 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1145 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_EXPRESSION;
1146 argument->v.expression = expression;
1149 /* append argument */
1151 anchor = &argument->next;
1152 } while (next_if(','));
1157 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_asm(void)
1159 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_GNU_ASM);
1162 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1166 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu_single(void)
1168 /* parse "any-word" */
1169 symbol_t *const symbol = token.base.symbol;
1170 if (symbol == NULL) {
1171 parse_error_expected("while parsing attribute((", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
1175 attribute_kind_t kind;
1176 char const *const name = symbol->string;
1177 for (kind = ATTRIBUTE_GNU_FIRST;; ++kind) {
1178 if (kind > ATTRIBUTE_GNU_LAST) {
1179 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown attribute '%s' ignored", name);
1180 /* TODO: we should still save the attribute in the list... */
1181 kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
1185 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(kind);
1186 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq_underscore(attribute_name, name))
1190 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
1193 /* parse arguments */
1195 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1200 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu(void)
1202 attribute_t *first = NULL;
1203 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1205 eat(T___attribute__);
1206 add_anchor_token(')');
1207 add_anchor_token(',');
1211 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1212 attribute_t *attribute = parse_attribute_gnu_single();
1214 *anchor = attribute;
1215 anchor = &attribute->next;
1217 } while (next_if(','));
1218 rem_anchor_token(',');
1219 rem_anchor_token(')');
1226 /** Parse attributes. */
1227 static attribute_t *parse_attributes(attribute_t *first)
1229 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1231 while (*anchor != NULL)
1232 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
1234 attribute_t *attribute;
1235 switch (token.kind) {
1236 case T___attribute__:
1237 attribute = parse_attribute_gnu();
1238 if (attribute == NULL)
1243 attribute = parse_attribute_asm();
1247 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_CDECL);
1252 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FASTCALL);
1256 case T__forceinline:
1257 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FORCEINLINE);
1258 eat(T__forceinline);
1262 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_STDCALL);
1267 /* TODO record modifier */
1268 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "Ignoring declaration modifier %K", &token);
1269 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_THISCALL);
1277 *anchor = attribute;
1278 anchor = &attribute->next;
1282 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *expr, entity_t *lhs_ent);
1284 static entity_t *determine_lhs_ent(expression_t *const expr,
1287 switch (expr->kind) {
1288 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1289 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1290 /* we should only find variables as lvalues... */
1291 if (entity->base.kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1292 && entity->base.kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1298 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1299 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1300 entity_t * ent = NULL;
1301 if (is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1302 ent = determine_lhs_ent(ref, lhs_ent);
1305 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1307 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1312 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1313 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1314 return determine_lhs_ent(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1318 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1319 expression_t *const val = expr->unary.value;
1320 if (val->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
1322 return determine_lhs_ent(val->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1324 mark_vars_read(val, NULL);
1330 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
1335 #define ENT_ANY ((entity_t*)-1)
1338 * Mark declarations, which are read. This is used to detect variables, which
1342 * x is not marked as "read", because it is only read to calculate its own new
1346 * x and y are not detected as "not read", because multiple variables are
1349 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *const expr, entity_t *lhs_ent)
1351 switch (expr->kind) {
1352 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1353 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1354 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1355 && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1358 if (lhs_ent != entity && lhs_ent != ENT_ANY) {
1359 entity->variable.read = true;
1365 // TODO respect pure/const
1366 mark_vars_read(expr->call.function, NULL);
1367 for (call_argument_t *arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
1368 mark_vars_read(arg->expression, NULL);
1372 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
1373 // TODO lhs_decl should depend on whether true/false have an effect
1374 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.condition, NULL);
1375 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL)
1376 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.true_expression, lhs_ent);
1377 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.false_expression, lhs_ent);
1381 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY
1382 && !is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1384 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1387 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1388 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1389 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1390 if (!is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1391 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1394 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1399 mark_vars_read(expr->va_arge.ap, lhs_ent);
1403 mark_vars_read(expr->va_copye.src, lhs_ent);
1406 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1407 /* Special case: Use void cast to mark a variable as "read" */
1408 if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1413 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1414 if (expr->unary.value == NULL)
1417 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1418 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1419 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1420 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1424 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1425 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1426 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1427 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1428 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1429 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1430 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1431 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1432 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1433 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
1435 mark_vars_read(expr->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1438 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1439 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1440 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1441 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1442 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1443 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1444 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1445 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1446 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1447 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1448 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1449 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1450 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1451 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1452 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1453 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1454 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1455 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1456 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1457 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1458 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1459 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1460 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1461 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1462 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1463 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1464 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1467 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1468 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1469 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1470 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1471 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1472 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1473 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1474 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1475 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1476 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1477 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: {
1478 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1480 lhs_ent = determine_lhs_ent(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1481 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1486 determine_lhs_ent(expr->va_starte.ap, lhs_ent);
1489 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1490 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1492 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1493 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO init?
1495 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1498 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1499 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1501 case EXPR_STATEMENT: // TODO
1502 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1503 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1507 panic("unhandled expression");
1510 static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
1512 designator_t *result = NULL;
1513 designator_t **anchor = &result;
1516 designator_t *designator;
1517 switch (token.kind) {
1519 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1520 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1522 add_anchor_token(']');
1523 designator->array_index = parse_constant_expression();
1524 rem_anchor_token(']');
1528 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1529 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1531 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing designator", NULL);
1532 if (!designator->symbol)
1540 assert(designator != NULL);
1541 *anchor = designator;
1542 anchor = &designator->next;
1546 static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *const type, string_encoding_t const enc, string_t const *const string)
1548 /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
1551 initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_STRING);
1552 initializer->string.encoding = enc;
1553 initializer->string.string = *string;
1559 * Build an initializer from a given expression.
1561 static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *orig_type,
1562 expression_t *expression)
1564 /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
1566 /* §6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
1567 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1568 type_t *expr_type_orig = expression->base.type;
1569 type_t *expr_type = skip_typeref(expr_type_orig);
1571 if (is_type_array(type) && expr_type->kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
1572 array_type_t *const array_type = &type->array;
1573 type_t *const element_type = skip_typeref(array_type->element_type);
1575 if (element_type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC && expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
1576 switch (expression->string_literal.encoding) {
1577 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR: {
1578 atomic_type_kind_t const akind = element_type->atomic.akind;
1579 if (akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR
1580 || akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR
1581 || akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR) {
1582 goto make_string_init;
1587 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE: {
1588 type_t *bare_wchar_type = skip_typeref(type_wchar_t);
1589 if (get_unqualified_type(element_type) == bare_wchar_type) {
1591 return initializer_from_string(array_type, expression->string_literal.encoding, &expression->string_literal.value);
1599 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type, expression);
1600 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE)
1602 report_assign_error(error, type, expression, "initializer",
1603 &expression->base.source_position);
1605 initializer_t *const result = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
1606 result->value.value = create_implicit_cast(expression, type);
1612 * Parses an scalar initializer.
1614 * §6.7.8.11; eat {} without warning
1616 static initializer_t *parse_scalar_initializer(type_t *type,
1617 bool must_be_constant)
1619 /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
1621 if (token.kind == '{') {
1622 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "extra curly braces around scalar initializer");
1626 } while (token.kind == '{');
1629 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1630 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
1631 if (must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
1632 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1633 "initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
1637 initializer_t *initializer = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
1639 if (initializer == NULL) {
1640 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1641 "expression '%E' (type '%T') doesn't match expected type '%T'",
1642 expression, expression->base.type, type);
1647 bool additional_warning_displayed = false;
1648 while (braces > 0) {
1650 if (token.kind != '}') {
1651 if (!additional_warning_displayed) {
1652 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "additional elements in scalar initializer");
1653 additional_warning_displayed = true;
1664 * An entry in the type path.
1666 typedef struct type_path_entry_t type_path_entry_t;
1667 struct type_path_entry_t {
1668 type_t *type; /**< the upper top type. restored to path->top_tye if this entry is popped. */
1670 size_t index; /**< For array types: the current index. */
1671 declaration_t *compound_entry; /**< For compound types: the current declaration. */
1676 * A type path expression a position inside compound or array types.
1678 typedef struct type_path_t type_path_t;
1679 struct type_path_t {
1680 type_path_entry_t *path; /**< An flexible array containing the current path. */
1681 type_t *top_type; /**< type of the element the path points */
1682 size_t max_index; /**< largest index in outermost array */
1686 * Prints a type path for debugging.
1688 static __attribute__((unused)) void debug_print_type_path(
1689 const type_path_t *path)
1691 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1693 for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
1694 const type_path_entry_t *entry = & path->path[i];
1696 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
1697 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
1698 /* in gcc mode structs can have no members */
1699 if (entry->v.compound_entry == NULL) {
1703 fprintf(stderr, ".%s",
1704 entry->v.compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
1705 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1706 fprintf(stderr, "[%u]", (unsigned) entry->v.index);
1708 fprintf(stderr, "-INVALID-");
1711 if (path->top_type != NULL) {
1712 fprintf(stderr, " (");
1713 print_type(path->top_type);
1714 fprintf(stderr, ")");
1719 * Return the top type path entry, ie. in a path
1720 * (type).a.b returns the b.
1722 static type_path_entry_t *get_type_path_top(const type_path_t *path)
1724 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1726 return &path->path[len-1];
1730 * Enlarge the type path by an (empty) element.
1732 static type_path_entry_t *append_to_type_path(type_path_t *path)
1734 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1735 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len+1);
1737 type_path_entry_t *result = & path->path[len];
1738 memset(result, 0, sizeof(result[0]));
1743 * Descending into a sub-type. Enter the scope of the current top_type.
1745 static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1747 type_t *orig_top_type = path->top_type;
1748 type_t *top_type = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);
1750 type_path_entry_t *top = append_to_type_path(path);
1751 top->type = top_type;
1753 if (is_type_compound(top_type)) {
1754 compound_t *const compound = top_type->compound.compound;
1755 entity_t *const entry = skip_unnamed_bitfields(compound->members.entities);
1757 if (entry != NULL) {
1758 top->v.compound_entry = &entry->declaration;
1759 path->top_type = entry->declaration.type;
1761 path->top_type = NULL;
1763 } else if (is_type_array(top_type)) {
1765 path->top_type = top_type->array.element_type;
1767 assert(!is_type_valid(top_type));
1772 * Pop an entry from the given type path, ie. returning from
1773 * (type).a.b to (type).a
1775 static void ascend_from_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1777 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1779 path->top_type = top->type;
1781 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1782 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len-1);
1786 * Pop entries from the given type path until the given
1787 * path level is reached.
1789 static void ascend_to(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1791 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1793 while (len > top_path_level) {
1794 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1795 len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1799 static bool walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator,
1800 bool used_in_offsetof)
1802 for (; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
1803 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1804 type_t *orig_type = top->type;
1806 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1808 if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
1809 symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;
1810 if (!is_type_compound(type)) {
1811 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1812 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1813 "'.%Y' designator used for non-compound type '%T'",
1817 top->type = type_error_type;
1818 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1819 orig_type = type_error_type;
1821 compound_t *compound = type->compound.compound;
1822 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
1823 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
1824 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
1829 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1830 "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
1833 assert(iter->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
1834 if (used_in_offsetof && iter->compound_member.bitfield) {
1835 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1836 "offsetof designator '%Y' must not specify bitfield",
1841 top->type = orig_type;
1842 top->v.compound_entry = &iter->declaration;
1843 orig_type = iter->declaration.type;
1846 expression_t *array_index = designator->array_index;
1847 if (is_constant_expression(array_index) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1850 if (!is_type_array(type)) {
1851 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1852 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1853 "[%E] designator used for non-array type '%T'",
1854 array_index, orig_type);
1859 long index = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
1860 if (!used_in_offsetof) {
1862 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1863 "array index [%E] must be positive", array_index);
1864 } else if (type->array.size_constant) {
1865 long array_size = type->array.size;
1866 if (index >= array_size) {
1867 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1868 "designator [%E] (%d) exceeds array size %d",
1869 array_index, index, array_size);
1874 top->type = orig_type;
1875 top->v.index = (size_t) index;
1876 orig_type = type->array.element_type;
1878 path->top_type = orig_type;
1880 if (designator->next != NULL) {
1881 descend_into_subtype(path);
1887 static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1889 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1891 type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
1892 if (is_type_union(type)) {
1893 /* in unions only the first element is initialized */
1894 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1895 } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
1896 declaration_t *entry = top->v.compound_entry;
1898 entity_t *const next_entity = skip_unnamed_bitfields(entry->base.next);
1899 if (next_entity != NULL) {
1900 assert(is_declaration(next_entity));
1901 entry = &next_entity->declaration;
1906 top->v.compound_entry = entry;
1907 if (entry != NULL) {
1908 path->top_type = entry->type;
1911 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1912 assert(is_type_array(type));
1916 if (!type->array.size_constant || top->v.index < type->array.size) {
1920 assert(!is_type_valid(type));
1924 /* we're past the last member of the current sub-aggregate, try if we
1925 * can ascend in the type hierarchy and continue with another subobject */
1926 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1928 if (len > top_path_level) {
1929 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1930 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
1932 path->top_type = NULL;
1937 * skip any {...} blocks until a closing bracket is reached.
1939 static void skip_initializers(void)
1943 while (token.kind != '}') {
1944 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
1946 if (token.kind == '{') {
1954 static initializer_t *create_empty_initializer(void)
1956 static initializer_t empty_initializer
1957 = { .list = { { INITIALIZER_LIST }, 0 } };
1958 return &empty_initializer;
1962 * Parse a part of an initialiser for a struct or union,
1964 static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_path_t *path,
1965 type_t *outer_type, size_t top_path_level,
1966 parse_initializer_env_t *env)
1968 if (token.kind == '}') {
1969 /* empty initializer */
1970 return create_empty_initializer();
1973 type_t *orig_type = path->top_type;
1974 type_t *type = NULL;
1976 if (orig_type == NULL) {
1977 /* We are initializing an empty compound. */
1979 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1982 initializer_t **initializers = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
1985 designator_t *designator = NULL;
1986 if (token.kind == '.' || token.kind == '[') {
1987 designator = parse_designation();
1988 goto finish_designator;
1989 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER && look_ahead(1)->kind == ':') {
1990 /* GNU-style designator ("identifier: value") */
1991 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1992 designator->source_position = *HERE;
1993 designator->symbol = token.base.symbol;
1998 /* reset path to toplevel, evaluate designator from there */
1999 ascend_to(path, top_path_level);
2000 if (!walk_designator(path, designator, false)) {
2001 /* can't continue after designation error */
2005 initializer_t *designator_initializer
2006 = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR);
2007 designator_initializer->designator.designator = designator;
2008 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, designator_initializer);
2010 orig_type = path->top_type;
2011 type = orig_type != NULL ? skip_typeref(orig_type) : NULL;
2016 if (token.kind == '{') {
2017 if (type != NULL && is_type_scalar(type)) {
2018 sub = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2021 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2022 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2024 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer");
2029 descend_into_subtype(path);
2032 add_anchor_token('}');
2033 sub = parse_sub_initializer(path, orig_type, top_path_level+1,
2035 rem_anchor_token('}');
2040 goto error_parse_next;
2042 ascend_from_subtype(path);
2045 /* must be an expression */
2046 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
2047 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
2049 if (env->must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
2050 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2051 "Initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
2056 /* we are already outside, ... */
2057 if (outer_type == NULL)
2058 goto error_parse_next;
2059 type_t *const outer_type_skip = skip_typeref(outer_type);
2060 if (is_type_compound(outer_type_skip) &&
2061 !outer_type_skip->compound.compound->complete) {
2062 goto error_parse_next;
2065 source_position_t const* const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
2066 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2067 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2069 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer");
2071 goto error_parse_next;
2074 /* handle { "string" } special case */
2075 if (expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL && outer_type != NULL) {
2076 sub = initializer_from_expression(outer_type, expression);
2079 if (token.kind != '}') {
2080 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "excessive elements in initializer for type '%T'", orig_type);
2082 /* TODO: eat , ... */
2087 /* descend into subtypes until expression matches type */
2089 orig_type = path->top_type;
2090 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2092 sub = initializer_from_expression(orig_type, expression);
2096 if (!is_type_valid(type)) {
2099 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2100 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2101 "expression '%E' doesn't match expected type '%T'",
2102 expression, orig_type);
2106 descend_into_subtype(path);
2110 /* update largest index of top array */
2111 const type_path_entry_t *first = &path->path[0];
2112 type_t *first_type = first->type;
2113 first_type = skip_typeref(first_type);
2114 if (is_type_array(first_type)) {
2115 size_t index = first->v.index;
2116 if (index > path->max_index)
2117 path->max_index = index;
2120 /* append to initializers list */
2121 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, sub);
2124 if (token.kind == '}') {
2127 add_anchor_token('}');
2129 rem_anchor_token('}');
2130 if (token.kind == '}') {
2135 /* advance to the next declaration if we are not at the end */
2136 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
2137 orig_type = path->top_type;
2138 if (orig_type != NULL)
2139 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2145 size_t len = ARR_LEN(initializers);
2146 size_t size = sizeof(initializer_list_t) + len * sizeof(initializers[0]);
2147 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(size);
2148 result->kind = INITIALIZER_LIST;
2149 result->list.len = len;
2150 memcpy(&result->list.initializers, initializers,
2151 len * sizeof(initializers[0]));
2153 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2154 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2159 skip_initializers();
2160 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2161 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2165 static expression_t *make_size_literal(size_t value)
2167 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER);
2168 literal->base.type = type_size_t;
2171 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", (unsigned) value);
2172 literal->literal.value = make_string(buf);
2178 * Parses an initializer. Parsers either a compound literal
2179 * (env->declaration == NULL) or an initializer of a declaration.
2181 static initializer_t *parse_initializer(parse_initializer_env_t *env)
2183 type_t *type = skip_typeref(env->type);
2184 size_t max_index = 0;
2185 initializer_t *result;
2187 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2188 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2189 } else if (token.kind == '{') {
2193 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
2194 path.top_type = env->type;
2195 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
2197 descend_into_subtype(&path);
2199 add_anchor_token('}');
2200 result = parse_sub_initializer(&path, env->type, 1, env);
2201 rem_anchor_token('}');
2203 max_index = path.max_index;
2204 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
2208 /* parse_scalar_initializer() also works in this case: we simply
2209 * have an expression without {} around it */
2210 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2213 /* §6.7.8:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size determine
2214 * the array type size */
2215 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.size_expression == NULL
2216 && result != NULL) {
2218 switch (result->kind) {
2219 case INITIALIZER_LIST:
2220 assert(max_index != 0xdeadbeaf);
2221 size = max_index + 1;
2224 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
2225 size = get_string_len(result->string.encoding, &result->string.string) + 1;
2228 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
2229 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
2230 /* can happen for parse errors */
2235 internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid initializer type");
2238 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
2240 new_type->array.size_expression = make_size_literal(size);
2241 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
2242 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
2243 new_type->array.size = size;
2244 env->type = new_type;
2250 static void append_entity(scope_t *scope, entity_t *entity)
2252 if (scope->last_entity != NULL) {
2253 scope->last_entity->base.next = entity;
2255 scope->entities = entity;
2257 entity->base.parent_entity = current_entity;
2258 scope->last_entity = entity;
2262 static compound_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
2264 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2265 eat(is_struct ? T_struct : T_union);
2267 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
2268 entity_t *entity = NULL;
2269 attribute_t *attributes = NULL;
2271 if (token.kind == T___attribute__) {
2272 attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
2275 entity_kind_tag_t const kind = is_struct ? ENTITY_STRUCT : ENTITY_UNION;
2276 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2277 /* the compound has a name, check if we have seen it already */
2278 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2279 entity = get_tag(symbol, kind);
2282 if (entity != NULL) {
2283 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2284 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2285 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2286 * existing definition in outer scope */
2288 } else if (entity->compound.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2289 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2290 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2291 /* clear members in the hope to avoid further errors */
2292 entity->compound.members.entities = NULL;
2295 } else if (token.kind != '{') {
2296 char const *const msg =
2297 is_struct ? "while parsing struct type specifier" :
2298 "while parsing union type specifier";
2299 parse_error_expected(msg, T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2304 if (entity == NULL) {
2305 entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2306 entity->compound.alignment = 1;
2307 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2308 if (symbol != NULL) {
2309 environment_push(entity);
2311 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2314 if (token.kind == '{') {
2315 parse_compound_type_entries(&entity->compound);
2317 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2318 if (symbol == NULL) {
2319 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2320 anonymous_entity = entity;
2324 if (attributes != NULL) {
2325 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
2328 return &entity->compound;
2331 static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *const enum_type)
2335 if (token.kind == '}') {
2336 errorf(HERE, "empty enum not allowed");
2341 add_anchor_token('}');
2342 add_anchor_token(',');
2344 add_anchor_token('=');
2345 source_position_t pos;
2346 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing enum entry", &pos);
2347 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, &pos);
2348 entity->enum_value.enum_type = enum_type;
2349 rem_anchor_token('=');
2352 expression_t *value = parse_constant_expression();
2354 value = create_implicit_cast(value, enum_type);
2355 entity->enum_value.value = value;
2360 record_entity(entity, false);
2361 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind != '}');
2362 rem_anchor_token(',');
2363 rem_anchor_token('}');
2368 static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
2370 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2375 switch (token.kind) {
2377 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2378 entity = get_tag(symbol, ENTITY_ENUM);
2381 if (entity != NULL) {
2382 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2383 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2384 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2385 * existing definition in outer scope */
2387 } else if (entity->enume.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2388 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2389 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2400 parse_error_expected("while parsing enum type specifier",
2401 T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2405 if (entity == NULL) {
2406 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2407 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2410 type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ENUM);
2411 type->enumt.enume = &entity->enume;
2412 type->enumt.base.akind = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2414 if (token.kind == '{') {
2415 if (symbol != NULL) {
2416 environment_push(entity);
2418 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2419 entity->enume.complete = true;
2421 parse_enum_entries(type);
2422 parse_attributes(NULL);
2424 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2425 if (symbol == NULL) {
2426 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2427 anonymous_entity = entity;
2429 } else if (!entity->enume.complete && !(c_mode & _GNUC)) {
2430 errorf(HERE, "'%T' used before definition (incomplete enums are a GNU extension)", type);
2437 * if a symbol is a typedef to another type, return true
2439 static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
2441 const entity_t *const entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2442 return entity != NULL && entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF;
2445 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
2451 add_anchor_token(')');
2454 expression_t *expression = NULL;
2456 switch (token.kind) {
2458 if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
2460 type = parse_typename();
2463 expression = parse_expression();
2464 type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
2469 rem_anchor_token(')');
2472 type_t *typeof_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEOF);
2473 typeof_type->typeoft.expression = expression;
2474 typeof_type->typeoft.typeof_type = type;
2479 typedef enum specifiers_t {
2480 SPECIFIER_SIGNED = 1 << 0,
2481 SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED = 1 << 1,
2482 SPECIFIER_LONG = 1 << 2,
2483 SPECIFIER_INT = 1 << 3,
2484 SPECIFIER_DOUBLE = 1 << 4,
2485 SPECIFIER_CHAR = 1 << 5,
2486 SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T = 1 << 6,
2487 SPECIFIER_SHORT = 1 << 7,
2488 SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG = 1 << 8,
2489 SPECIFIER_FLOAT = 1 << 9,
2490 SPECIFIER_BOOL = 1 << 10,
2491 SPECIFIER_VOID = 1 << 11,
2492 SPECIFIER_INT8 = 1 << 12,
2493 SPECIFIER_INT16 = 1 << 13,
2494 SPECIFIER_INT32 = 1 << 14,
2495 SPECIFIER_INT64 = 1 << 15,
2496 SPECIFIER_INT128 = 1 << 16,
2497 SPECIFIER_COMPLEX = 1 << 17,
2498 SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 18,
2501 static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
2503 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2504 if (entity == NULL || entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
2507 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2508 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2513 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute_t *attribute)
2515 attribute_property_argument_t *const property = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*property));
2517 add_anchor_token(')');
2518 add_anchor_token(',');
2522 add_anchor_token('=');
2523 source_position_t pos;
2524 symbol_t *const prop_sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", &pos);
2525 rem_anchor_token('=');
2527 symbol_t **prop = NULL;
2529 if (streq(prop_sym->string, "put")) {
2530 prop = &property->put_symbol;
2531 } else if (streq(prop_sym->string, "get")) {
2532 prop = &property->get_symbol;
2534 errorf(&pos, "expected put or get in property declspec, but got '%Y'", prop_sym);
2538 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2540 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2542 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", NULL);
2544 *prop = sym ? sym : sym_anonymous;
2545 } while (next_if(','));
2546 rem_anchor_token(',');
2547 rem_anchor_token(')');
2549 attribute->a.property = property;
2555 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single(void)
2557 attribute_kind_t kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
2558 if (next_if(T_restrict)) {
2559 kind = ATTRIBUTE_MS_RESTRICT;
2560 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2561 char const *const name = token.base.symbol->string;
2562 for (attribute_kind_t k = ATTRIBUTE_MS_FIRST; k <= ATTRIBUTE_MS_LAST;
2564 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(k);
2565 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq(attribute_name, name)) {
2571 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN) {
2572 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown __declspec '%s' ignored", name);
2575 parse_error_expected("while parsing __declspec", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
2579 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
2582 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_MS_PROPERTY) {
2583 return parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute);
2586 /* parse arguments */
2588 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
2593 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(attribute_t *first)
2597 add_anchor_token(')');
2599 if (token.kind != ')') {
2600 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
2602 while (*anchor != NULL)
2603 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
2605 attribute_t *attribute
2606 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single();
2607 if (attribute == NULL)
2610 *anchor = attribute;
2611 anchor = &attribute->next;
2612 } while (next_if(','));
2614 rem_anchor_token(')');
2619 static entity_t *create_error_entity(symbol_t *symbol, entity_kind_tag_t kind)
2621 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
2622 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
2623 entity->declaration.type = type_error_type;
2624 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
2625 } else if (kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
2626 entity->typedefe.type = type_error_type;
2627 entity->typedefe.builtin = true;
2629 if (kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
2630 record_entity(entity, false);
2634 static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
2636 type_t *type = NULL;
2637 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
2638 unsigned type_specifiers = 0;
2639 bool newtype = false;
2640 bool saw_error = false;
2642 memset(specifiers, 0, sizeof(*specifiers));
2643 specifiers->source_position = *HERE;
2646 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2648 switch (token.kind) {
2650 #define MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(token, class) \
2652 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) { \
2653 errorf(HERE, "multiple storage classes in declaration specifiers"); \
2655 specifiers->storage_class = class; \
2656 if (specifiers->thread_local) \
2657 goto check_thread_storage_class; \
2661 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_typedef, STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
2662 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_extern, STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN)
2663 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_static, STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
2664 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_auto, STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO)
2665 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_register, STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
2668 specifiers->attributes
2669 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(specifiers->attributes);
2673 if (specifiers->thread_local) {
2674 errorf(HERE, "duplicate '__thread'");
2676 specifiers->thread_local = true;
2677 check_thread_storage_class:
2678 switch (specifiers->storage_class) {
2679 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
2680 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
2681 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
2685 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO: wrong = "auto"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2686 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: wrong = "register"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2687 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF: wrong = "typedef"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2688 wrong_thread_storage_class:
2689 errorf(HERE, "'__thread' used with '%s'", wrong);
2696 /* type qualifiers */
2697 #define MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(token, qualifier) \
2699 qualifiers |= qualifier; \
2703 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
2704 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
2705 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
2706 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
2707 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
2708 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
2709 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
2710 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
2712 /* type specifiers */
2713 #define MATCH_SPECIFIER(token, specifier, name) \
2715 if (type_specifiers & specifier) { \
2716 errorf(HERE, "multiple " name " type specifiers given"); \
2718 type_specifiers |= specifier; \
2723 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "_Bool");
2724 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex, SPECIFIER_COMPLEX, "_Complex");
2725 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary");
2726 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int128, SPECIFIER_INT128, "_int128");
2727 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int16, SPECIFIER_INT16, "_int16");
2728 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int32, SPECIFIER_INT32, "_int32");
2729 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int64, SPECIFIER_INT64, "_int64");
2730 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int8, SPECIFIER_INT8, "_int8");
2731 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "bool");
2732 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_char, SPECIFIER_CHAR, "char");
2733 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_double, SPECIFIER_DOUBLE, "double");
2734 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_float, SPECIFIER_FLOAT, "float");
2735 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_int, SPECIFIER_INT, "int");
2736 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_short, SPECIFIER_SHORT, "short");
2737 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_signed, SPECIFIER_SIGNED, "signed");
2738 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_unsigned, SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED, "unsigned");
2739 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_void, SPECIFIER_VOID, "void");
2740 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_wchar_t, SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T, "wchar_t");
2744 specifiers->is_inline = true;
2748 case T__forceinline:
2749 eat(T__forceinline);
2750 specifiers->modifiers |= DM_FORCEINLINE;
2755 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG) {
2756 errorf(HERE, "too many long type specifiers given");
2757 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG) {
2758 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG;
2760 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG;
2765 #define CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE() \
2766 (type != NULL ? errorf(HERE, "multiple types in declaration specifiers") : (void)0)
2769 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2770 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
2772 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
2775 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2776 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
2777 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
2780 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2781 type = parse_enum_specifier();
2784 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2785 type = parse_typeof();
2787 case T___builtin_va_list:
2788 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2789 type = duplicate_type(type_valist);
2790 eat(T___builtin_va_list);
2793 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
2794 /* only parse identifier if we haven't found a type yet */
2795 if (type != NULL || type_specifiers != 0) {
2796 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'unsigned lng* f()' in a
2797 * declaration, so it doesn't generate errors about expecting '(' or
2799 switch (look_ahead(1)->kind) {
2806 case T__forceinline: /* ^ DECLARATION_START except for __attribute__ */
2810 errorf(HERE, "discarding stray %K in declaration specifier", &token);
2815 goto finish_specifiers;
2819 type_t *const typedef_type = get_typedef_type(token.base.symbol);
2820 if (typedef_type == NULL) {
2821 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'vodi f()' at the beginning of a
2822 * declaration, so it doesn't generate 'implicit int' followed by more
2823 * errors later on. */
2824 token_kind_t const la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
2830 errorf(HERE, "%K does not name a type", &token);
2832 entity_t *const entity = create_error_entity(token.base.symbol, ENTITY_TYPEDEF);
2834 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2835 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2843 goto finish_specifiers;
2848 type = typedef_type;
2852 /* function specifier */
2854 goto finish_specifiers;
2859 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2861 if (type == NULL || (saw_error && type_specifiers != 0)) {
2862 atomic_type_kind_t atomic_type;
2864 /* match valid basic types */
2865 switch (type_specifiers) {
2866 case SPECIFIER_VOID:
2867 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID;
2869 case SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T:
2870 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T;
2872 case SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2873 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR;
2875 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2876 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR;
2878 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2879 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR;
2881 case SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2882 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2883 case SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2884 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2885 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT;
2887 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2888 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2889 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT;
2892 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED:
2893 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2894 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2896 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED:
2897 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2898 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT;
2900 case SPECIFIER_LONG:
2901 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2902 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2903 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2904 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG;
2906 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2907 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2908 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG;
2911 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2912 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2913 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2914 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2916 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG;
2917 goto warn_about_long_long;
2919 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2920 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2922 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG;
2923 warn_about_long_long:
2924 warningf(WARN_LONG_LONG, &specifiers->source_position, "ISO C90 does not support 'long long'");
2927 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2928 atomic_type = unsigned_int8_type_kind;
2931 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2932 atomic_type = unsigned_int16_type_kind;
2935 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2936 atomic_type = unsigned_int32_type_kind;
2939 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2940 atomic_type = unsigned_int64_type_kind;
2943 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2944 atomic_type = unsigned_int128_type_kind;
2947 case SPECIFIER_INT8:
2948 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2949 atomic_type = int8_type_kind;
2952 case SPECIFIER_INT16:
2953 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2954 atomic_type = int16_type_kind;
2957 case SPECIFIER_INT32:
2958 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2959 atomic_type = int32_type_kind;
2962 case SPECIFIER_INT64:
2963 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2964 atomic_type = int64_type_kind;
2967 case SPECIFIER_INT128:
2968 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2969 atomic_type = int128_type_kind;
2972 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT:
2973 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2975 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2976 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2978 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2979 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2981 case SPECIFIER_BOOL:
2982 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL;
2984 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2985 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2986 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2988 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2989 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2990 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2992 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2993 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2994 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2997 /* invalid specifier combination, give an error message */
2998 source_position_t const* const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
2999 if (type_specifiers == 0) {
3001 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.5:4 */
3002 if (!(c_mode & _CXX) && !strict_mode) {
3003 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specifiers in declaration, using 'int'");
3004 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
3007 errorf(pos, "no type specifiers given in declaration");
3010 } else if ((type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_SIGNED) &&
3011 (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3012 errorf(pos, "signed and unsigned specifiers given");
3013 } else if (type_specifiers & (SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3014 errorf(pos, "only integer types can be signed or unsigned");
3016 errorf(pos, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3022 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_COMPLEX) {
3023 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPLEX);
3024 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY) {
3025 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_IMAGINARY);
3027 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
3029 type->atomic.akind = atomic_type;
3031 } else if (type_specifiers != 0) {
3032 errorf(&specifiers->source_position, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3035 /* FIXME: check type qualifiers here */
3036 type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
3039 type = identify_new_type(type);
3041 type = typehash_insert(type);
3044 if (specifiers->attributes != NULL)
3045 type = handle_type_attributes(specifiers->attributes, type);
3046 specifiers->type = type;
3050 specifiers->type = type_error_type;
3053 static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
3055 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
3058 switch (token.kind) {
3059 /* type qualifiers */
3060 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
3061 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
3062 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
3063 /* microsoft extended type modifiers */
3064 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
3065 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
3066 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
3067 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
3068 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
3077 * Parses an K&R identifier list
3079 static void parse_identifier_list(scope_t *scope)
3081 assert(token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3083 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, token.base.symbol, HERE);
3084 /* a K&R parameter has no type, yet */
3088 append_entity(scope, entity);
3089 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3092 static entity_t *parse_parameter(void)
3094 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
3095 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
3097 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers,
3098 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
3099 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3103 static void semantic_parameter_incomplete(const entity_t *entity)
3105 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3107 /* §6.7.5.3:4 After adjustment, the parameters in a parameter type
3108 * list in a function declarator that is part of a
3109 * definition of that function shall not have
3110 * incomplete type. */
3111 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3112 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
3113 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "'%N' has incomplete type", entity);
3117 static bool has_parameters(void)
3119 /* func(void) is not a parameter */
3120 if (look_ahead(1)->kind != ')')
3122 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
3123 entity_t const *const entity = get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
3126 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
3128 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3129 if (!is_type_void(type))
3131 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3132 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.5:2 It must be literally (void). A typedef
3133 * is not allowed. */
3134 errorf(HERE, "empty parameter list defined with a typedef of 'void' not allowed in C++");
3135 } else if (type->base.qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE) {
3136 /* §6.7.5.3:10 Qualification is not allowed here. */
3137 errorf(HERE, "'void' as parameter must not have type qualifiers");
3139 } else if (token.kind != T_void) {
3147 * Parses function type parameters (and optionally creates variable_t entities
3148 * for them in a scope)
3150 static void parse_parameters(function_type_t *type, scope_t *scope)
3152 add_anchor_token(')');
3155 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER &&
3156 !is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol) &&
3157 (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
3158 type->kr_style_parameters = true;
3159 parse_identifier_list(scope);
3160 } else if (token.kind == ')') {
3161 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.6:1 */
3162 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3163 type->unspecified_parameters = true;
3164 } else if (has_parameters()) {
3165 function_parameter_t **anchor = &type->parameters;
3166 add_anchor_token(',');
3168 switch (token.kind) {
3171 type->variadic = true;
3172 goto parameters_finished;
3177 entity_t *entity = parse_parameter();
3178 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3179 errorf(&entity->base.source_position,
3180 "typedef not allowed as function parameter");
3183 assert(is_declaration(entity));
3185 semantic_parameter_incomplete(entity);
3187 function_parameter_t *const parameter =
3188 allocate_parameter(entity->declaration.type);
3190 if (scope != NULL) {
3191 append_entity(scope, entity);
3194 *anchor = parameter;
3195 anchor = ¶meter->next;
3200 goto parameters_finished;
3202 } while (next_if(','));
3203 parameters_finished:
3204 rem_anchor_token(',');
3207 rem_anchor_token(')');
3211 typedef enum construct_type_kind_t {
3212 CONSTRUCT_POINTER = 1,
3213 CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE,
3216 } construct_type_kind_t;
3218 typedef union construct_type_t construct_type_t;
3220 typedef struct construct_type_base_t {
3221 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3222 source_position_t pos;
3223 construct_type_t *next;
3224 } construct_type_base_t;
3226 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t {
3227 construct_type_base_t base;
3228 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3229 variable_t *base_variable; /**< MS __based extension. */
3232 typedef struct parsed_reference_t {
3233 construct_type_base_t base;
3234 } parsed_reference_t;
3236 typedef struct construct_function_type_t {
3237 construct_type_base_t base;
3238 type_t *function_type;
3239 } construct_function_type_t;
3241 typedef struct parsed_array_t {
3242 construct_type_base_t base;
3243 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3249 union construct_type_t {
3250 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3251 construct_type_base_t base;
3252 parsed_pointer_t pointer;
3253 parsed_reference_t reference;
3254 construct_function_type_t function;
3255 parsed_array_t array;
3258 static construct_type_t *allocate_declarator_zero(construct_type_kind_t const kind, size_t const size)
3260 construct_type_t *const cons = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, size);
3261 memset(cons, 0, size);
3263 cons->base.pos = *HERE;
3268 static construct_type_t *parse_pointer_declarator(void)
3270 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_POINTER, sizeof(parsed_pointer_t));
3272 cons->pointer.type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3273 //cons->pointer.base_variable = base_variable;
3278 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.2 */
3279 static construct_type_t *parse_reference_declarator(void)
3281 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3282 errorf(HERE, "references are only available for C++");
3284 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE, sizeof(parsed_reference_t));
3291 static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
3293 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_ARRAY, sizeof(parsed_array_t));
3294 parsed_array_t *const array = &cons->array;
3297 add_anchor_token(']');
3299 bool is_static = next_if(T_static);
3301 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3304 is_static = next_if(T_static);
3306 array->type_qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
3307 array->is_static = is_static;
3309 expression_t *size = NULL;
3310 if (token.kind == '*' && look_ahead(1)->kind == ']') {
3311 array->is_variable = true;
3313 } else if (token.kind != ']') {
3314 size = parse_assignment_expression();
3316 /* §6.7.5.2:1 Array size must have integer type */
3317 type_t *const orig_type = size->base.type;
3318 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3319 if (!is_type_integer(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
3320 errorf(&size->base.source_position,
3321 "array size '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
3326 mark_vars_read(size, NULL);
3329 if (is_static && size == NULL)
3330 errorf(&array->base.pos, "static array parameters require a size");
3332 rem_anchor_token(']');
3338 static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(scope_t *scope)
3340 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION, sizeof(construct_function_type_t));
3342 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
3343 function_type_t *ftype = &type->function;
3345 ftype->linkage = current_linkage;
3346 ftype->calling_convention = CC_DEFAULT;
3348 parse_parameters(ftype, scope);
3350 cons->function.function_type = type;
3355 typedef struct parse_declarator_env_t {
3356 bool may_be_abstract : 1;
3357 bool must_be_abstract : 1;
3358 decl_modifiers_t modifiers;
3360 source_position_t source_position;
3362 attribute_t *attributes;
3363 } parse_declarator_env_t;
3366 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(parse_declarator_env_t *env)
3368 /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
3369 * how to construct the final declarator type */
3370 construct_type_t *first = NULL;
3371 construct_type_t **anchor = &first;
3373 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3376 construct_type_t *type;
3377 //variable_t *based = NULL; /* MS __based extension */
3378 switch (token.kind) {
3380 type = parse_reference_declarator();
3384 panic("based not supported anymore");
3389 type = parse_pointer_declarator();
3393 goto ptr_operator_end;
3397 anchor = &type->base.next;
3399 /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
3400 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3404 construct_type_t *inner_types = NULL;
3406 switch (token.kind) {
3408 if (env->must_be_abstract) {
3409 errorf(HERE, "no identifier expected in typename");
3411 env->symbol = token.base.symbol;
3412 env->source_position = *HERE;
3418 /* Parenthesized declarator or function declarator? */
3419 token_t const *const la1 = look_ahead(1);
3420 switch (la1->kind) {
3422 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
3424 /* §6.7.6:2 footnote 126: Empty parentheses in a type name are
3425 * interpreted as ``function with no parameter specification'', rather
3426 * than redundant parentheses around the omitted identifier. */
3428 /* Function declarator. */
3429 if (!env->may_be_abstract) {
3430 errorf(HERE, "function declarator must have a name");
3437 case T___attribute__: /* FIXME __attribute__ might also introduce a parameter of a function declarator. */
3438 /* Paranthesized declarator. */
3440 add_anchor_token(')');
3441 inner_types = parse_inner_declarator(env);
3442 if (inner_types != NULL) {
3443 /* All later declarators only modify the return type */
3444 env->must_be_abstract = true;
3446 rem_anchor_token(')');
3455 if (env->may_be_abstract)
3457 parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', NULL);
3462 construct_type_t **const p = anchor;
3465 construct_type_t *type;
3466 switch (token.kind) {
3468 scope_t *scope = NULL;
3469 if (!env->must_be_abstract) {
3470 scope = &env->parameters;
3473 type = parse_function_declarator(scope);
3477 type = parse_array_declarator();
3480 goto declarator_finished;
3483 /* insert in the middle of the list (at p) */
3484 type->base.next = *p;
3487 anchor = &type->base.next;
3490 declarator_finished:
3491 /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set anchor anymore
3492 * as it's not needed anymore */
3493 *anchor = inner_types;
3498 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
3501 construct_type_t *iter = construct_list;
3502 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
3503 source_position_t const* const pos = &iter->base.pos;
3504 switch (iter->kind) {
3505 case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION: {
3506 construct_function_type_t *function = &iter->function;
3507 type_t *function_type = function->function_type;
3509 function_type->function.return_type = type;
3511 type_t *skipped_return_type = skip_typeref(type);
3513 if (is_type_function(skipped_return_type)) {
3514 errorf(pos, "function returning function is not allowed");
3515 } else if (is_type_array(skipped_return_type)) {
3516 errorf(pos, "function returning array is not allowed");
3518 if (skipped_return_type->base.qualifiers != 0) {
3519 warningf(WARN_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS, pos, "type qualifiers in return type of function type are meaningless");
3523 /* The function type was constructed earlier. Freeing it here will
3524 * destroy other types. */
3525 type = typehash_insert(function_type);
3529 case CONSTRUCT_POINTER: {
3530 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3531 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a pointer to reference");
3533 parsed_pointer_t *pointer = &iter->pointer;
3534 type = make_based_pointer_type(type, pointer->type_qualifiers, pointer->base_variable);
3538 case CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE:
3539 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3540 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a reference to reference");
3542 type = make_reference_type(type);
3545 case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY: {
3546 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3547 errorf(pos, "cannot declare an array of references");
3549 parsed_array_t *array = &iter->array;
3550 type_t *array_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
3552 expression_t *size_expression = array->size;
3553 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3555 = create_implicit_cast(size_expression, type_size_t);
3558 array_type->base.qualifiers = array->type_qualifiers;
3559 array_type->array.element_type = type;
3560 array_type->array.is_static = array->is_static;
3561 array_type->array.is_variable = array->is_variable;
3562 array_type->array.size_expression = size_expression;
3564 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3565 switch (is_constant_expression(size_expression)) {
3566 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: {
3567 long const size = fold_constant_to_int(size_expression);
3568 array_type->array.size = size;
3569 array_type->array.size_constant = true;
3570 /* §6.7.5.2:1 If the expression is a constant expression,
3571 * it shall have a value greater than zero. */
3573 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3574 "size of array must be greater than zero");
3575 } else if (size == 0 && !GNU_MODE) {
3576 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3577 "size of array must be greater than zero (zero length arrays are a GCC extension)");
3582 case EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE:
3583 array_type->array.is_vla = true;
3586 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR:
3591 type_t *skipped_type = skip_typeref(type);
3593 if (is_type_incomplete(skipped_type)) {
3594 errorf(pos, "array of incomplete type '%T' is not allowed", type);
3595 } else if (is_type_function(skipped_type)) {
3596 errorf(pos, "array of functions is not allowed");
3598 type = identify_new_type(array_type);
3602 internal_errorf(pos, "invalid type construction found");
3608 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type);
3610 static type_t *semantic_parameter(const source_position_t *pos,
3612 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3613 entity_t const *const param)
3615 /* §6.7.5.3:7 A declaration of a parameter as ``array of type''
3616 * shall be adjusted to ``qualified pointer to type'',
3618 * §6.7.5.3:8 A declaration of a parameter as ``function returning
3619 * type'' shall be adjusted to ``pointer to function
3620 * returning type'', as in 6.3.2.1. */
3621 type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
3623 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3624 errorf(pos, "'%N' declared 'inline'", param);
3627 /* §6.9.1:6 The declarations in the declaration list shall contain
3628 * no storage-class specifier other than register and no
3629 * initializations. */
3630 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3631 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3632 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
3634 errorf(pos, "invalid storage class for '%N'", param);
3637 /* delay test for incomplete type, because we might have (void)
3638 * which is legal but incomplete... */
3643 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3644 declarator_flags_t flags)
3646 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3647 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3648 env.may_be_abstract = (flags & DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT) != 0;
3650 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3652 construct_declarator_type(construct_type, specifiers->type);
3653 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3655 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3656 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3659 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(env.attributes);
3660 /* append (shared) specifier attribute behind attributes of this
3662 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
3663 while (*anchor != NULL)
3664 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
3665 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
3668 if (specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
3669 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_TYPEDEF, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, &env.source_position);
3670 entity->typedefe.type = orig_type;
3672 if (anonymous_entity != NULL) {
3673 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
3674 assert(anonymous_entity->compound.alias == NULL);
3675 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_STRUCT ||
3676 anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_UNION);
3677 anonymous_entity->compound.alias = entity;
3678 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3679 } else if (is_type_enum(type)) {
3680 assert(anonymous_entity->enume.alias == NULL);
3681 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM);
3682 anonymous_entity->enume.alias = entity;
3683 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3687 /* create a declaration type entity */
3688 source_position_t const *const pos = env.symbol ? &env.source_position : &specifiers->source_position;
3689 if (flags & DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER) {
3690 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3692 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3693 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3694 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3697 if (specifiers->thread_local ||
3698 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3699 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' must have no storage class", entity);
3702 } else if (flags & DECL_IS_PARAMETER) {
3703 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3704 orig_type = semantic_parameter(&env.source_position, orig_type, specifiers, entity);
3705 } else if (is_type_function(type)) {
3706 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3707 entity->function.is_inline = specifiers->is_inline;
3708 entity->function.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3709 entity->function.parameters = env.parameters;
3711 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3712 /* this needs fixes for C++ */
3713 bool in_function_scope = current_function != NULL;
3715 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3716 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3717 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3718 (in_function_scope || specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
3720 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3724 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_VARIABLE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3725 entity->variable.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3726 entity->variable.thread_local = specifiers->thread_local;
3728 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3729 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3730 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3733 bool invalid_storage_class = false;
3734 if (current_scope == file_scope) {
3735 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3736 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3737 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3738 invalid_storage_class = true;
3741 if (specifiers->thread_local &&
3742 specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3743 invalid_storage_class = true;
3746 if (invalid_storage_class) {
3747 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3752 entity->declaration.type = orig_type;
3753 entity->declaration.alignment = get_type_alignment(orig_type);
3754 entity->declaration.modifiers = env.modifiers;
3755 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
3757 storage_class_t storage_class = specifiers->storage_class;
3758 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = storage_class;
3760 if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && current_function != NULL)
3761 storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO;
3762 entity->declaration.storage_class = storage_class;
3765 if (attributes != NULL) {
3766 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
3769 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION && !freestanding) {
3770 adapt_special_functions(&entity->function);
3776 static type_t *parse_abstract_declarator(type_t *base_type)
3778 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3779 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3780 env.may_be_abstract = true;
3781 env.must_be_abstract = true;
3783 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3785 type_t *result = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, base_type);
3786 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3787 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3789 result = handle_type_attributes(env.attributes, result);
3795 * Check if the declaration of main is suspicious. main should be a
3796 * function with external linkage, returning int, taking either zero
3797 * arguments, two, or three arguments of appropriate types, ie.
3799 * int main([ int argc, char **argv [, char **env ] ]).
3801 * @param decl the declaration to check
3802 * @param type the function type of the declaration
3804 static void check_main(const entity_t *entity)
3806 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3807 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3808 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is not a function");
3812 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3813 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is normally a non-static function");
3816 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3817 assert(is_type_function(type));
3819 function_type_t const *const func_type = &type->function;
3820 type_t *const ret_type = func_type->return_type;
3821 if (!types_compatible(skip_typeref(ret_type), type_int)) {
3822 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "return type of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", ret_type);
3824 const function_parameter_t *parm = func_type->parameters;
3826 type_t *const first_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3827 type_t *const first_type_unqual = get_unqualified_type(first_type);
3828 if (!types_compatible(first_type_unqual, type_int)) {
3829 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "first argument of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3833 type_t *const second_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3834 type_t *const second_type_unqual
3835 = get_unqualified_type(second_type);
3836 if (!types_compatible(second_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3837 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "second argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3841 type_t *const third_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3842 type_t *const third_type_unqual
3843 = get_unqualified_type(third_type);
3844 if (!types_compatible(third_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3845 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "third argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3849 goto warn_arg_count;
3853 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' takes only zero, two or three arguments");
3858 static void error_redefined_as_different_kind(const source_position_t *pos,
3859 const entity_t *old, entity_kind_t new_kind)
3861 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(new_kind);
3862 source_position_t const *const ppos = &old->base.source_position;
3863 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' as %s (declared %P)", old, what, ppos);
3866 static bool is_entity_valid(entity_t *const ent)
3868 if (is_declaration(ent)) {
3869 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->declaration.type));
3870 } else if (ent->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3871 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->typedefe.type));
3876 static bool contains_attribute(const attribute_t *list, const attribute_t *attr)
3878 for (const attribute_t *tattr = list; tattr != NULL; tattr = tattr->next) {
3879 if (attributes_equal(tattr, attr))
3886 * test wether new_list contains any attributes not included in old_list
3888 static bool has_new_attributes(const attribute_t *old_list,
3889 const attribute_t *new_list)
3891 for (const attribute_t *attr = new_list; attr != NULL; attr = attr->next) {
3892 if (!contains_attribute(old_list, attr))
3899 * Merge in attributes from an attribute list (probably from a previous
3900 * declaration with the same name). Warning: destroys the old structure
3901 * of the attribute list - don't reuse attributes after this call.
3903 static void merge_in_attributes(declaration_t *decl, attribute_t *attributes)
3906 for (attribute_t *attr = attributes; attr != NULL; attr = next) {
3908 if (contains_attribute(decl->attributes, attr))
3911 /* move attribute to new declarations attributes list */
3912 attr->next = decl->attributes;
3913 decl->attributes = attr;
3917 static bool is_main(entity_t*);
3920 * record entities for the NAMESPACE_NORMAL, and produce error messages/warnings
3921 * for various problems that occur for multiple definitions
3923 entity_t *record_entity(entity_t *entity, const bool is_definition)
3925 const symbol_t *const symbol = entity->base.symbol;
3926 const namespace_tag_t namespc = (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc;
3927 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3929 /* can happen in error cases */
3933 assert(!entity->base.parent_scope);
3934 assert(current_scope);
3935 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
3937 entity_t *const previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, namespc);
3938 /* pushing the same entity twice will break the stack structure */
3939 assert(previous_entity != entity);
3941 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3942 type_t *const orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
3943 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3945 assert(is_type_function(type));
3946 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
3947 previous_entity == NULL &&
3948 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3949 warningf(WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES, pos, "function declaration '%#N' is not a prototype", entity);
3952 if (is_main(entity)) {
3957 if (is_declaration(entity) &&
3958 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3959 current_scope != file_scope &&
3960 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3961 warningf(WARN_NESTED_EXTERNS, pos, "nested extern declaration of '%#N'", entity);
3964 if (previous_entity != NULL) {
3965 source_position_t const *const ppos = &previous_entity->base.source_position;
3967 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters &&
3968 previous_entity->base.parent_scope->depth + 1 == current_scope->depth) {
3969 assert(previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3970 errorf(pos, "declaration of '%N' redeclares the '%N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
3974 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
3975 if (previous_entity->kind != entity->kind) {
3976 if (is_entity_valid(previous_entity) && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
3977 error_redefined_as_different_kind(pos, previous_entity,
3982 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
3983 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
3986 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3987 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3988 type_t *const prev_type
3989 = skip_typeref(previous_entity->typedefe.type);
3990 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3991 /* C++ allows double typedef if they are identical
3992 * (after skipping typedefs) */
3993 if (type == prev_type)
3996 /* GCC extension: redef in system headers is allowed */
3997 if ((pos->is_system_header || ppos->is_system_header) &&
3998 types_compatible(type, prev_type))
4001 errorf(pos, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)",
4006 /* at this point we should have only VARIABLES or FUNCTIONS */
4007 assert(is_declaration(previous_entity) && is_declaration(entity));
4009 declaration_t *const prev_decl = &previous_entity->declaration;
4010 declaration_t *const decl = &entity->declaration;
4012 /* can happen for K&R style declarations */
4013 if (prev_decl->type == NULL &&
4014 previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
4015 entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER) {
4016 prev_decl->type = decl->type;
4017 prev_decl->storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4018 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = decl->declared_storage_class;
4019 prev_decl->modifiers = decl->modifiers;
4020 return previous_entity;
4023 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4024 type_t *const prev_type = skip_typeref(prev_decl->type);
4026 if (!types_compatible(type, prev_type)) {
4027 errorf(pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
4029 unsigned old_storage_class = prev_decl->storage_class;
4031 if (is_definition &&
4033 !(prev_decl->modifiers & DM_USED) &&
4034 prev_decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4035 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, ppos, "unnecessary static forward declaration for '%#N'", previous_entity);
4038 storage_class_t new_storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4040 /* pretend no storage class means extern for function
4041 * declarations (except if the previous declaration is neither
4042 * none nor extern) */
4043 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4044 /* the previous declaration could have unspecified parameters or
4045 * be a typedef, so use the new type */
4046 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters || is_definition)
4047 prev_decl->type = type;
4049 switch (old_storage_class) {
4050 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
4051 old_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4054 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
4055 if (is_definition) {
4056 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters && !is_main(entity)) {
4057 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4059 } else if (new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
4060 new_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4067 } else if (is_type_incomplete(prev_type)) {
4068 prev_decl->type = type;
4071 if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4072 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4074 warn_redundant_declaration: ;
4076 = has_new_attributes(prev_decl->attributes,
4078 if (has_new_attrs) {
4079 merge_in_attributes(decl, prev_decl->attributes);
4080 } else if (!is_definition &&
4081 is_type_valid(prev_type) &&
4082 !pos->is_system_header) {
4083 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, pos, "redundant declaration for '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4085 } else if (current_function == NULL) {
4086 if (old_storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4087 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4088 errorf(pos, "static declaration of '%N' follows non-static declaration (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4089 } else if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4090 prev_decl->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4091 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4093 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:1 */
4095 goto error_redeclaration;
4096 goto warn_redundant_declaration;
4098 } else if (is_type_valid(prev_type)) {
4099 if (old_storage_class == new_storage_class) {
4100 error_redeclaration:
4101 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4103 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' with different linkage (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4108 prev_decl->modifiers |= decl->modifiers;
4109 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4110 previous_entity->function.is_inline |= entity->function.is_inline;
4112 return previous_entity;
4116 if (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW) ||
4117 (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW_LOCAL) && previous_entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)) {
4118 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(previous_entity->kind);
4119 warningf(why, pos, "'%N' shadows %s (declared %P)", entity, what, ppos);
4123 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4124 if (is_definition &&
4125 entity->declaration.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4127 if (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES)) {
4128 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4130 goto warn_missing_declaration;
4133 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4134 if (current_scope == file_scope &&
4135 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
4136 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
4137 warn_missing_declaration:
4138 warningf(WARN_MISSING_DECLARATIONS, pos, "no previous declaration for '%#N'", entity);
4143 environment_push(entity);
4144 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
4149 static void parser_error_multiple_definition(entity_t *entity,
4150 const source_position_t *source_position)
4152 errorf(source_position, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, &entity->base.source_position);
4155 static bool is_declaration_specifier(const token_t *token)
4157 switch (token->kind) {
4161 return is_typedef_symbol(token->base.symbol);
4168 static void parse_init_declarator_rest(entity_t *entity)
4170 type_t *orig_type = type_error_type;
4172 if (entity->base.kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
4173 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4174 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized (use __typeof__ instead)", entity);
4176 assert(is_declaration(entity));
4177 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
4180 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4182 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE
4183 && entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
4184 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
4188 declaration_t *const declaration = &entity->declaration;
4189 bool must_be_constant = false;
4190 if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
4191 entity->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4192 must_be_constant = true;
4195 if (is_type_function(type)) {
4196 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4197 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized like a variable", entity);
4198 orig_type = type_error_type;
4201 parse_initializer_env_t env;
4202 env.type = orig_type;
4203 env.must_be_constant = must_be_constant;
4204 env.entity = entity;
4206 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
4208 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4209 /* §6.7.5:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size
4210 * determine the array type size */
4211 declaration->type = env.type;
4212 entity->variable.initializer = initializer;
4216 /* parse rest of a declaration without any declarator */
4217 static void parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(
4218 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
4221 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4223 source_position_t const *const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
4224 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE ||
4225 specifiers->thread_local) {
4226 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "useless storage class in empty declaration");
4229 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
4230 switch (type->kind) {
4231 case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
4232 case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
4233 if (type->compound.compound->base.symbol == NULL) {
4234 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
4243 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty declaration");
4248 static void check_variable_type_complete(entity_t *ent)
4250 if (ent->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
4253 /* §6.7:7 If an identifier for an object is declared with no linkage, the
4254 * type for the object shall be complete [...] */
4255 declaration_t *decl = &ent->declaration;
4256 if (decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN ||
4257 decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
4260 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4261 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
4264 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
4265 * are given length one. */
4266 if (is_type_array(type) && ent->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4267 ARR_APP1(declaration_t*, incomplete_arrays, decl);
4271 errorf(&ent->base.source_position, "variable '%#N' has incomplete type", ent);
4275 static void parse_declaration_rest(entity_t *ndeclaration,
4276 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
4277 parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4278 declarator_flags_t flags)
4280 add_anchor_token(';');
4281 add_anchor_token(',');
4283 entity_t *entity = finished_declaration(ndeclaration, token.kind == '=');
4285 if (token.kind == '=') {
4286 parse_init_declarator_rest(entity);
4287 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4288 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.5.3:3 The initializer can be omitted
4289 * [...] where the extern specifier is explicitly used. */
4290 declaration_t *decl = &entity->declaration;
4291 if (decl->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4292 is_type_reference(skip_typeref(decl->type))) {
4293 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4294 errorf(pos, "reference '%#N' must be initialized", entity);
4298 check_variable_type_complete(entity);
4303 add_anchor_token('=');
4304 ndeclaration = parse_declarator(specifiers, flags);
4305 rem_anchor_token('=');
4307 rem_anchor_token(',');
4308 rem_anchor_token(';');
4311 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4314 static entity_t *finished_kr_declaration(entity_t *entity, bool is_definition)
4316 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
4320 assert(entity->base.namespc == NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4321 entity_t *previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4322 if (previous_entity == NULL
4323 || previous_entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
4324 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "expected declaration of a function parameter, found '%Y'",
4329 if (is_definition) {
4330 errorf(HERE, "'%N' is initialised", entity);
4333 return record_entity(entity, false);
4336 static void parse_declaration(parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4337 declarator_flags_t flags)
4339 add_anchor_token(';');
4340 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
4341 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
4342 rem_anchor_token(';');
4344 if (token.kind == ';') {
4345 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
4347 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers, flags);
4348 parse_declaration_rest(entity, &specifiers, finished_declaration, flags);
4353 static type_t *get_default_promoted_type(type_t *orig_type)
4355 type_t *result = orig_type;
4357 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4358 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
4359 result = promote_integer(type);
4360 } else if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
4361 result = type_double;
4367 static void parse_kr_declaration_list(entity_t *entity)
4369 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4372 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
4373 assert(is_type_function(type));
4374 if (!type->function.kr_style_parameters)
4377 add_anchor_token('{');
4379 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.parameters);
4381 entity_t *parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4382 for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
4383 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL);
4384 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
4385 environment_push(parameter);
4388 /* parse declaration list */
4390 switch (token.kind) {
4392 /* This covers symbols, which are no type, too, and results in
4393 * better error messages. The typical cases are misspelled type
4394 * names and missing includes. */
4396 parse_declaration(finished_kr_declaration, DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
4406 /* update function type */
4407 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
4409 function_parameter_t *parameters = NULL;
4410 function_parameter_t **anchor = ¶meters;
4412 /* did we have an earlier prototype? */
4413 entity_t *proto_type = get_entity(entity->base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4414 if (proto_type != NULL && proto_type->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4417 function_parameter_t *proto_parameter = NULL;
4418 if (proto_type != NULL) {
4419 type_t *proto_type_type = proto_type->declaration.type;
4420 proto_parameter = proto_type_type->function.parameters;
4421 /* If a K&R function definition has a variadic prototype earlier, then
4422 * make the function definition variadic, too. This should conform to
4423 * §6.7.5.3:15 and §6.9.1:8. */
4424 new_type->function.variadic = proto_type_type->function.variadic;
4426 /* §6.9.1.7: A K&R style parameter list does NOT act as a function
4428 new_type->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
4431 bool need_incompatible_warning = false;
4432 parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4433 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next,
4435 proto_parameter == NULL ? NULL : proto_parameter->next) {
4436 if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
4439 type_t *parameter_type = parameter->declaration.type;
4440 if (parameter_type == NULL) {
4441 source_position_t const* const pos = ¶meter->base.source_position;
4443 errorf(pos, "no type specified for function '%N'", parameter);
4444 parameter_type = type_error_type;
4446 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specified for function parameter '%N', using 'int'", parameter);
4447 parameter_type = type_int;
4449 parameter->declaration.type = parameter_type;
4452 semantic_parameter_incomplete(parameter);
4454 /* we need the default promoted types for the function type */
4455 type_t *not_promoted = parameter_type;
4456 parameter_type = get_default_promoted_type(parameter_type);
4458 /* gcc special: if the type of the prototype matches the unpromoted
4459 * type don't promote */
4460 if (!strict_mode && proto_parameter != NULL) {
4461 type_t *proto_p_type = skip_typeref(proto_parameter->type);
4462 type_t *promo_skip = skip_typeref(parameter_type);
4463 type_t *param_skip = skip_typeref(not_promoted);
4464 if (!types_compatible(proto_p_type, promo_skip)
4465 && types_compatible(proto_p_type, param_skip)) {
4467 need_incompatible_warning = true;
4468 parameter_type = not_promoted;
4471 function_parameter_t *const function_parameter
4472 = allocate_parameter(parameter_type);
4474 *anchor = function_parameter;
4475 anchor = &function_parameter->next;
4478 new_type->function.parameters = parameters;
4479 new_type = identify_new_type(new_type);
4481 if (need_incompatible_warning) {
4482 symbol_t const *const sym = entity->base.symbol;
4483 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4484 source_position_t const *const ppos = &proto_type->base.source_position;
4485 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#T' (declared %P)", proto_type, new_type, sym, ppos);
4487 entity->declaration.type = new_type;
4489 rem_anchor_token('{');
4492 static bool first_err = true;
4495 * When called with first_err set, prints the name of the current function,
4498 static void print_in_function(void)
4502 char const *const file = current_function->base.base.source_position.input_name;
4503 diagnosticf("%s: In '%N':\n", file, (entity_t const*)current_function);
4508 * Check if all labels are defined in the current function.
4509 * Check if all labels are used in the current function.
4511 static void check_labels(void)
4513 for (const goto_statement_t *goto_statement = goto_first;
4514 goto_statement != NULL;
4515 goto_statement = goto_statement->next) {
4516 label_t *label = goto_statement->label;
4517 if (label->base.source_position.input_name == NULL) {
4518 print_in_function();
4519 source_position_t const *const pos = &goto_statement->base.source_position;
4520 errorf(pos, "'%N' used but not defined", (entity_t const*)label);
4524 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL)) {
4525 for (const label_statement_t *label_statement = label_first;
4526 label_statement != NULL;
4527 label_statement = label_statement->next) {
4528 label_t *label = label_statement->label;
4530 if (! label->used) {
4531 print_in_function();
4532 source_position_t const *const pos = &label_statement->base.source_position;
4533 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL, pos, "'%N' defined but not used", (entity_t const*)label);
4539 static void warn_unused_entity(warning_t const why, entity_t *entity, entity_t *const last)
4541 entity_t const *const end = last != NULL ? last->base.next : NULL;
4542 for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
4543 if (!is_declaration(entity))
4546 declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
4547 if (declaration->implicit)
4550 if (!declaration->used) {
4551 print_in_function();
4552 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is unused", entity);
4553 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE && !entity->variable.read) {
4554 print_in_function();
4555 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is never read", entity);
4560 static void check_unused_variables(statement_t *const stmt, void *const env)
4564 switch (stmt->kind) {
4565 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4566 declaration_statement_t const *const decls = &stmt->declaration;
4567 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, decls->declarations_begin, decls->declarations_end);
4572 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, stmt->fors.scope.entities, NULL);
4581 * Check declarations of current_function for unused entities.
4583 static void check_declarations(void)
4585 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER)) {
4586 const scope_t *scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
4587 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER, scope->entities, NULL);
4589 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE)) {
4590 walk_statements(current_function->statement, check_unused_variables,
4595 static int determine_truth(expression_t const* const cond)
4598 is_constant_expression(cond) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT ? 0 :
4599 fold_constant_to_bool(cond) ? 1 :
4603 static void check_reachable(statement_t *);
4604 static bool reaches_end;
4606 static bool expression_returns(expression_t const *const expr)
4608 switch (expr->kind) {
4610 expression_t const *const func = expr->call.function;
4611 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(func->base.type);
4612 if (type->kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
4613 type_t const *const points_to
4614 = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
4615 if (points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION
4616 && points_to->function.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)
4620 if (!expression_returns(func))
4623 for (call_argument_t const* arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
4624 if (!expression_returns(arg->expression))
4631 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
4632 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
4633 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
4634 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
4635 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
4636 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO descend into initialisers
4637 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
4638 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
4639 case EXPR_SIZEOF: // TODO handle obscure VLA case
4642 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
4643 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
4648 case EXPR_STATEMENT: {
4649 bool old_reaches_end = reaches_end;
4650 reaches_end = false;
4651 check_reachable(expr->statement.statement);
4652 bool returns = reaches_end;
4653 reaches_end = old_reaches_end;
4657 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
4658 // TODO handle constant expression
4660 if (!expression_returns(expr->conditional.condition))
4663 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL
4664 && expression_returns(expr->conditional.true_expression))
4667 return expression_returns(expr->conditional.false_expression);
4670 return expression_returns(expr->select.compound);
4672 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
4674 expression_returns(expr->array_access.array_ref) &&
4675 expression_returns(expr->array_access.index);
4678 return expression_returns(expr->va_starte.ap);
4681 return expression_returns(expr->va_arge.ap);
4684 return expression_returns(expr->va_copye.src);
4686 case EXPR_UNARY_CASES_MANDATORY:
4687 return expression_returns(expr->unary.value);
4689 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
4692 case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:
4693 // TODO handle constant lhs of && and ||
4695 expression_returns(expr->binary.left) &&
4696 expression_returns(expr->binary.right);
4699 panic("unhandled expression");
4702 static bool initializer_returns(initializer_t const *const init)
4704 switch (init->kind) {
4705 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
4706 return expression_returns(init->value.value);
4708 case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
4709 initializer_t * const* i = init->list.initializers;
4710 initializer_t * const* const end = i + init->list.len;
4711 bool returns = true;
4712 for (; i != end; ++i) {
4713 if (!initializer_returns(*i))
4719 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
4720 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR: // designators have no payload
4723 panic("unhandled initializer");
4726 static bool noreturn_candidate;
4728 static void check_reachable(statement_t *const stmt)
4730 if (stmt->base.reachable)
4732 if (stmt->kind != STATEMENT_DO_WHILE)
4733 stmt->base.reachable = true;
4735 statement_t *last = stmt;
4737 switch (stmt->kind) {
4738 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
4739 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
4741 next = stmt->base.next;
4744 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4745 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
4746 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
4747 entity_t const *const last_decl = decl->declarations_end;
4749 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
4750 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
4751 ent->variable.initializer != NULL &&
4752 !initializer_returns(ent->variable.initializer)) {
4755 if (ent == last_decl)
4759 next = stmt->base.next;
4763 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
4764 next = stmt->compound.statements;
4766 next = stmt->base.next;
4769 case STATEMENT_RETURN: {
4770 expression_t const *const val = stmt->returns.value;
4771 if (val == NULL || expression_returns(val))
4772 noreturn_candidate = false;
4776 case STATEMENT_IF: {
4777 if_statement_t const *const ifs = &stmt->ifs;
4778 expression_t const *const cond = ifs->condition;
4780 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4783 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4786 check_reachable(ifs->true_statement);
4791 if (ifs->false_statement != NULL) {
4792 check_reachable(ifs->false_statement);
4796 next = stmt->base.next;
4800 case STATEMENT_SWITCH: {
4801 switch_statement_t const *const switchs = &stmt->switchs;
4802 expression_t const *const expr = switchs->expression;
4804 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4807 if (is_constant_expression(expr) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
4808 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expr);
4809 case_label_statement_t * defaults = NULL;
4810 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4811 if (i->expression == NULL) {
4816 if (i->first_case <= val && val <= i->last_case) {
4817 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4822 if (defaults != NULL) {
4823 check_reachable((statement_t*)defaults);
4827 bool has_default = false;
4828 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4829 if (i->expression == NULL)
4832 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4839 next = stmt->base.next;
4843 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION: {
4844 /* Check for noreturn function call */
4845 expression_t const *const expr = stmt->expression.expression;
4846 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4849 next = stmt->base.next;
4853 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
4854 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4855 parent = parent->base.parent;
4856 if (parent == NULL) /* continue not within loop */
4860 switch (parent->kind) {
4861 case STATEMENT_WHILE: goto continue_while;
4862 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: goto continue_do_while;
4863 case STATEMENT_FOR: goto continue_for;
4869 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
4870 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4871 parent = parent->base.parent;
4872 if (parent == NULL) /* break not within loop/switch */
4875 switch (parent->kind) {
4876 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
4877 case STATEMENT_WHILE:
4878 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4881 next = parent->base.next;
4882 goto found_break_parent;
4890 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: {
4891 if (!expression_returns(stmt->computed_goto.expression))
4894 statement_t *parent = stmt->base.parent;
4895 if (parent == NULL) /* top level goto */
4901 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
4902 next = stmt->gotos.label->statement;
4903 if (next == NULL) /* missing label */
4907 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
4908 next = stmt->label.statement;
4911 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
4912 next = stmt->case_label.statement;
4915 case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
4916 while_statement_t const *const whiles = &stmt->whiles;
4917 expression_t const *const cond = whiles->condition;
4919 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4922 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4925 check_reachable(whiles->body);
4930 next = stmt->base.next;
4934 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4935 next = stmt->do_while.body;
4938 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
4939 for_statement_t *const fors = &stmt->fors;
4941 if (fors->condition_reachable)
4943 fors->condition_reachable = true;
4945 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
4950 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
4951 val = determine_truth(cond);
4957 check_reachable(fors->body);
4962 next = stmt->base.next;
4966 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY: {
4967 ms_try_statement_t const *const ms_try = &stmt->ms_try;
4968 check_reachable(ms_try->try_statement);
4969 next = ms_try->final_statement;
4973 case STATEMENT_LEAVE: {
4974 statement_t *parent = stmt;
4976 parent = parent->base.parent;
4977 if (parent == NULL) /* __leave not within __try */
4980 if (parent->kind == STATEMENT_MS_TRY) {
4982 next = parent->ms_try.final_statement;
4990 panic("invalid statement kind");
4993 while (next == NULL) {
4994 next = last->base.parent;
4996 noreturn_candidate = false;
4998 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
4999 assert(is_type_function(type));
5000 type_t *const ret = skip_typeref(type->function.return_type);
5001 if (!is_type_void(ret) &&
5002 is_type_valid(ret) &&
5003 !is_main(current_entity)) {
5004 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
5005 warningf(WARN_RETURN_TYPE, pos, "control reaches end of non-void function");
5010 switch (next->kind) {
5011 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
5012 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
5013 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
5014 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
5016 case STATEMENT_RETURN:
5017 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
5018 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
5019 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO:
5020 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
5021 case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
5022 panic("invalid control flow in function");
5024 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5025 if (next->compound.stmt_expr) {
5031 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
5032 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
5033 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
5035 next = next->base.next;
5038 case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
5040 if (next->base.reachable)
5042 next->base.reachable = true;
5044 while_statement_t const *const whiles = &next->whiles;
5045 expression_t const *const cond = whiles->condition;
5047 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5050 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5053 check_reachable(whiles->body);
5059 next = next->base.next;
5063 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: {
5065 if (next->base.reachable)
5067 next->base.reachable = true;
5069 do_while_statement_t const *const dw = &next->do_while;
5070 expression_t const *const cond = dw->condition;
5072 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5075 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5078 check_reachable(dw->body);
5084 next = next->base.next;
5088 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5090 for_statement_t *const fors = &next->fors;
5092 fors->step_reachable = true;
5094 if (fors->condition_reachable)
5096 fors->condition_reachable = true;
5098 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
5103 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
5104 val = determine_truth(cond);
5110 check_reachable(fors->body);
5116 next = next->base.next;
5120 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
5122 next = next->ms_try.final_statement;
5127 check_reachable(next);
5130 static void check_unreachable(statement_t* const stmt, void *const env)
5134 switch (stmt->kind) {
5135 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
5136 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5137 expression_t const *const cond = stmt->do_while.condition;
5138 if (determine_truth(cond) >= 0) {
5139 source_position_t const *const pos = &cond->base.source_position;
5140 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of do-while-loop is unreachable");
5145 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5146 for_statement_t const* const fors = &stmt->fors;
5148 // if init and step are unreachable, cond is unreachable, too
5149 if (!stmt->base.reachable && !fors->step_reachable) {
5150 goto warn_unreachable;
5152 if (!stmt->base.reachable && fors->initialisation != NULL) {
5153 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->initialisation->base.source_position;
5154 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "initialisation of for-statement is unreachable");
5157 if (!fors->condition_reachable && fors->condition != NULL) {
5158 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->condition->base.source_position;
5159 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of for-statement is unreachable");
5162 if (!fors->step_reachable && fors->step != NULL) {
5163 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->step->base.source_position;
5164 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "step of for-statement is unreachable");
5170 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5171 if (stmt->compound.statements != NULL)
5173 goto warn_unreachable;
5175 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
5176 /* Only warn if there is at least one declarator with an initializer.
5177 * This typically occurs in switch statements. */
5178 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
5179 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
5180 entity_t const *const last = decl->declarations_end;
5182 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
5183 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
5184 ent->variable.initializer != NULL) {
5185 goto warn_unreachable;
5195 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5196 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
5197 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "statement is unreachable");
5203 static bool is_main(entity_t *entity)
5205 static symbol_t *sym_main = NULL;
5206 if (sym_main == NULL) {
5207 sym_main = symbol_table_insert("main");
5210 if (entity->base.symbol != sym_main)
5212 /* must be in outermost scope */
5213 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)
5219 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t*);
5221 static void parse_external_declaration(void)
5223 /* function-definitions and declarations both start with declaration
5225 add_anchor_token(';');
5226 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5227 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5228 rem_anchor_token(';');
5230 /* must be a declaration */
5231 if (token.kind == ';') {
5232 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
5236 add_anchor_token(',');
5237 add_anchor_token('=');
5238 add_anchor_token(';');
5239 add_anchor_token('{');
5241 /* declarator is common to both function-definitions and declarations */
5242 entity_t *ndeclaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
5244 rem_anchor_token('{');
5245 rem_anchor_token(';');
5246 rem_anchor_token('=');
5247 rem_anchor_token(',');
5249 /* must be a declaration */
5250 switch (token.kind) {
5254 parse_declaration_rest(ndeclaration, &specifiers, record_entity,
5259 /* must be a function definition */
5260 parse_kr_declaration_list(ndeclaration);
5262 if (token.kind != '{') {
5263 parse_error_expected("while parsing function definition", '{', NULL);
5264 eat_until_matching_token(';');
5268 assert(is_declaration(ndeclaration));
5269 type_t *const orig_type = ndeclaration->declaration.type;
5270 type_t * type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5272 if (!is_type_function(type)) {
5273 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
5274 errorf(HERE, "declarator '%#N' has a body but is not a function type", ndeclaration);
5280 source_position_t const *const pos = &ndeclaration->base.source_position;
5281 if (is_typeref(orig_type)) {
5283 errorf(pos, "type of function definition '%#N' is a typedef", ndeclaration);
5286 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(type->function.return_type))) {
5287 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "'%N' returns an aggregate", ndeclaration);
5289 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters) {
5290 warningf(WARN_OLD_STYLE_DEFINITION, pos, "old-style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5292 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects ISO C style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5295 /* §6.7.5.3:14 a function definition with () means no
5296 * parameters (and not unspecified parameters) */
5297 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
5298 type->function.parameters == NULL) {
5299 type_t *copy = duplicate_type(type);
5300 copy->function.unspecified_parameters = false;
5301 type = identify_new_type(copy);
5303 ndeclaration->declaration.type = type;
5306 entity_t *const entity = record_entity(ndeclaration, true);
5307 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5308 assert(ndeclaration->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5310 function_t *const function = &entity->function;
5311 if (ndeclaration != entity) {
5312 function->parameters = ndeclaration->function.parameters;
5315 PUSH_SCOPE(&function->parameters);
5317 entity_t *parameter = function->parameters.entities;
5318 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
5319 if (parameter->base.parent_scope == &ndeclaration->function.parameters) {
5320 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5322 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL
5323 || parameter->base.parent_scope == current_scope);
5324 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5325 if (parameter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5326 errorf(¶meter->base.source_position, "parameter name omitted");
5329 environment_push(parameter);
5332 if (function->statement != NULL) {
5333 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
5336 /* parse function body */
5337 int label_stack_top = label_top();
5338 function_t *old_current_function = current_function;
5339 current_function = function;
5340 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
5344 goto_anchor = &goto_first;
5346 label_anchor = &label_first;
5348 statement_t *const body = parse_compound_statement(false);
5349 function->statement = body;
5352 check_declarations();
5353 if (is_warn_on(WARN_RETURN_TYPE) ||
5354 is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE) ||
5355 (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN) && !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN))) {
5356 noreturn_candidate = true;
5357 check_reachable(body);
5358 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE))
5359 walk_statements(body, check_unreachable, NULL);
5360 if (noreturn_candidate &&
5361 !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)) {
5362 source_position_t const *const pos = &body->base.source_position;
5363 warningf(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN, pos, "function '%#N' is candidate for attribute 'noreturn'", entity);
5367 if (is_main(entity)) {
5368 /* Force main to C linkage. */
5369 type_t *const type = entity->declaration.type;
5370 assert(is_type_function(type));
5371 if (type->function.linkage != LINKAGE_C) {
5372 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
5373 new_type->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5374 entity->declaration.type = identify_new_type(new_type);
5377 if (enable_main_collect2_hack)
5378 prepare_main_collect2(entity);
5381 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
5383 assert(current_function == function);
5384 current_function = old_current_function;
5385 label_pop_to(label_stack_top);
5391 static entity_t *find_compound_entry(compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5393 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5394 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5395 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5398 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
5400 } else if (iter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5401 /* search in anonymous structs and unions */
5402 type_t *type = skip_typeref(iter->declaration.type);
5403 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
5404 if (find_compound_entry(type->compound.compound, symbol)
5415 static void check_deprecated(const source_position_t *source_position,
5416 const entity_t *entity)
5418 if (!is_declaration(entity))
5420 if ((entity->declaration.modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) == 0)
5423 source_position_t const *const epos = &entity->base.source_position;
5424 char const *const msg = get_deprecated_string(entity->declaration.attributes);
5426 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P): \"%s\"", entity, epos, msg);
5428 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P)", entity, epos);
5433 static expression_t *create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5435 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5438 assert(entry->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5440 check_deprecated(pos, entry);
5442 expression_t *select = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_SELECT);
5443 select->select.compound = addr;
5444 select->select.compound_entry = entry;
5446 type_t *entry_type = entry->declaration.type;
5447 type_t *res_type = get_qualified_type(entry_type, qualifiers);
5449 /* bitfields need special treatment */
5450 if (entry->compound_member.bitfield) {
5451 unsigned bit_size = entry->compound_member.bit_size;
5452 /* if fewer bits than an int, convert to int (see §6.3.1.1) */
5453 if (bit_size < get_atomic_type_size(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT) * BITS_PER_BYTE) {
5454 res_type = type_int;
5458 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
5459 * code to revert this! */
5460 select->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
5467 * Find entry with symbol in compound. Search anonymous structs and unions and
5468 * creates implicit select expressions for them.
5469 * Returns the adress for the innermost compound.
5471 static expression_t *find_create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5473 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5474 compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5476 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5477 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5478 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5481 symbol_t *iter_symbol = iter->base.symbol;
5482 if (iter_symbol == NULL) {
5483 type_t *type = iter->declaration.type;
5484 if (type->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
5485 && type->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION)
5488 compound_t *sub_compound = type->compound.compound;
5490 if (find_compound_entry(sub_compound, symbol) == NULL)
5493 expression_t *sub_addr = create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5494 sub_addr->base.source_position = *pos;
5495 sub_addr->base.implicit = true;
5496 return find_create_select(pos, sub_addr, qualifiers, sub_compound,
5500 if (iter_symbol == symbol) {
5501 return create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5508 static void parse_bitfield_member(entity_t *entity)
5512 expression_t *size = parse_constant_expression();
5515 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5516 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5517 if (!is_type_integer(skip_typeref(type))) {
5518 errorf(HERE, "bitfield base type '%T' is not an integer type",
5522 if (is_constant_expression(size) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
5523 /* error already reported by parse_constant_expression */
5524 size_long = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5526 size_long = fold_constant_to_int(size);
5528 const symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5529 const symbol_t *user_symbol
5530 = symbol == NULL ? sym_anonymous : symbol;
5531 unsigned bit_size = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5532 if (size_long < 0) {
5533 errorf(HERE, "negative width in bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5534 } else if (size_long == 0 && symbol != NULL) {
5535 errorf(HERE, "zero width for bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5536 } else if (bit_size > 0 && (unsigned)size_long > bit_size) {
5537 errorf(HERE, "width of bitfield '%Y' exceeds its type",
5540 /* hope that people don't invent crazy types with more bits
5541 * than our struct can hold */
5543 (1 << sizeof(entity->compound_member.bit_size)*8));
5547 entity->compound_member.bitfield = true;
5548 entity->compound_member.bit_size = (unsigned char)size_long;
5551 static void parse_compound_declarators(compound_t *compound,
5552 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
5554 add_anchor_token(';');
5555 add_anchor_token(',');
5559 if (token.kind == ':') {
5560 /* anonymous bitfield */
5561 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
5562 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, NULL, HERE);
5563 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5564 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5565 entity->declaration.type = type;
5567 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5569 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5570 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
5571 while (*anchor != NULL)
5572 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
5573 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
5574 if (attributes != NULL) {
5575 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5577 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
5579 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5581 entity = parse_declarator(specifiers,
5582 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5583 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
5584 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
5585 errorf(pos, "typedef not allowed as compound member");
5587 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5589 /* make sure we don't define a symbol multiple times */
5590 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5591 if (symbol != NULL) {
5592 entity_t *prev = find_compound_entry(compound, symbol);
5594 source_position_t const *const ppos = &prev->base.source_position;
5595 errorf(pos, "multiple declarations of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
5599 if (token.kind == ':') {
5600 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5602 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5603 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5605 type_t *orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
5606 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5607 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5608 errorf(pos, "'%N' must not have function type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5609 } else if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
5610 /* §6.7.2.1:16 flexible array member */
5611 if (!is_type_array(type) ||
5612 token.kind != ';' ||
5613 look_ahead(1)->kind != '}') {
5614 errorf(pos, "'%N' has incomplete type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5615 } else if (compound->members.entities == NULL) {
5616 errorf(pos, "flexible array member in otherwise empty struct");
5621 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5624 } while (next_if(','));
5625 rem_anchor_token(',');
5626 rem_anchor_token(';');
5629 anonymous_entity = NULL;
5632 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound)
5635 add_anchor_token('}');
5638 switch (token.kind) {
5640 case T___extension__:
5641 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
5643 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5644 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5645 parse_compound_declarators(compound, &specifiers);
5651 rem_anchor_token('}');
5654 compound->complete = true;
5660 static type_t *parse_typename(void)
5662 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5663 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5664 if (specifiers.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE
5665 || specifiers.thread_local) {
5666 /* TODO: improve error message, user does probably not know what a
5667 * storage class is...
5669 errorf(&specifiers.source_position, "typename must not have a storage class");
5672 type_t *result = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
5680 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_function)(void);
5681 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_infix_function)(expression_t *left);
5683 typedef struct expression_parser_function_t expression_parser_function_t;
5684 struct expression_parser_function_t {
5685 parse_expression_function parser;
5686 precedence_t infix_precedence;
5687 parse_expression_infix_function infix_parser;
5690 static expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
5692 static type_t *get_string_type(string_encoding_t const enc)
5694 bool const warn = is_warn_on(WARN_WRITE_STRINGS);
5696 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR: return warn ? type_const_char_ptr : type_char_ptr;
5697 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE: return warn ? type_const_wchar_t_ptr : type_wchar_t_ptr;
5699 panic("invalid string encoding");
5703 * Parse a string constant.
5705 static expression_t *parse_string_literal(void)
5707 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STRING_LITERAL);
5708 expr->string_literal.value = concat_string_literals(&expr->string_literal.encoding);
5709 expr->base.type = get_string_type(expr->string_literal.encoding);
5714 * Parse a boolean constant.
5716 static expression_t *parse_boolean_literal(bool value)
5718 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN);
5719 literal->base.type = type_bool;
5720 literal->literal.value.begin = value ? "true" : "false";
5721 literal->literal.value.size = value ? 4 : 5;
5723 eat(value ? T_true : T_false);
5727 static void warn_traditional_suffix(void)
5729 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects the '%S' suffix",
5730 &token.number.suffix);
5733 static void check_integer_suffix(void)
5735 const string_t *suffix = &token.number.suffix;
5736 if (suffix->size == 0)
5739 bool not_traditional = false;
5740 const char *c = suffix->begin;
5741 if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5744 not_traditional = true;
5746 if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5749 } else if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5750 not_traditional = true;
5753 } else if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5754 not_traditional = true;
5756 if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5764 errorf(HERE, "invalid suffix '%S' on integer constant", suffix);
5765 } else if (not_traditional) {
5766 warn_traditional_suffix();
5770 static type_t *check_floatingpoint_suffix(void)
5772 const string_t *suffix = &token.number.suffix;
5773 type_t *type = type_double;
5774 if (suffix->size == 0)
5777 bool not_traditional = false;
5778 const char *c = suffix->begin;
5779 if (*c == 'f' || *c == 'F') {
5782 } else if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5784 type = type_long_double;
5787 errorf(HERE, "invalid suffix '%S' on floatingpoint constant", suffix);
5788 } else if (not_traditional) {
5789 warn_traditional_suffix();
5796 * Parse an integer constant.
5798 static expression_t *parse_number_literal(void)
5800 expression_kind_t kind;
5803 switch (token.kind) {
5805 kind = EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER;
5806 check_integer_suffix();
5810 case T_FLOATINGPOINT:
5811 kind = EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT;
5812 type = check_floatingpoint_suffix();
5816 panic("unexpected token type in parse_number_literal");
5819 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
5820 literal->base.type = type;
5821 literal->literal.value = token.number.number;
5822 literal->literal.suffix = token.number.suffix;
5825 /* integer type depends on the size of the number and the size
5826 * representable by the types. The backend/codegeneration has to determine
5829 determine_literal_type(&literal->literal);
5834 * Parse a character constant.
5836 static expression_t *parse_character_constant(void)
5838 expression_t *const literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER);
5839 literal->string_literal.encoding = token.string.encoding;
5840 literal->string_literal.value = token.string.string;
5842 size_t const size = get_string_len(token.string.encoding, &token.string.string);
5843 switch (token.string.encoding) {
5844 case STRING_ENCODING_CHAR:
5845 literal->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_char : type_int;
5847 if (!GNU_MODE && !(c_mode & _C99)) {
5848 errorf(HERE, "more than 1 character in character constant");
5850 literal->base.type = type_int;
5851 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5856 case STRING_ENCODING_WIDE:
5857 literal->base.type = type_int;
5859 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5864 eat(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
5868 static entity_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol, source_position_t const *const pos)
5870 type_t *ntype = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
5871 ntype->function.return_type = type_int;
5872 ntype->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
5873 ntype->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5874 type_t *type = identify_new_type(ntype);
5876 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, pos);
5877 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5878 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5879 entity->declaration.type = type;
5880 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
5882 if (current_scope != NULL)
5883 record_entity(entity, false);
5889 * Performs automatic type cast as described in §6.3.2.1.
5891 * @param orig_type the original type
5893 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type)
5895 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5896 if (is_type_array(type)) {
5897 array_type_t *array_type = &type->array;
5898 type_t *element_type = array_type->element_type;
5899 unsigned qualifiers = array_type->base.qualifiers;
5901 return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
5904 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5905 return make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5912 * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
5913 * to function-pointer types as defined §6.3.2.1
5915 type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
5917 switch (expression->kind) {
5918 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
5919 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
5920 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
5921 return entity->declaration.type;
5922 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
5923 return entity->enum_value.enum_type;
5925 panic("no declaration or enum in reference");
5930 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
5931 assert(is_declaration(entity));
5932 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5933 return get_qualified_type(type, expression->base.type->base.qualifiers);
5936 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
5937 const expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
5938 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
5939 if (!is_type_pointer(type))
5940 return type_error_type;
5941 return type->pointer.points_to;
5944 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
5945 const expression_t *array_ref = expression->array_access.array_ref;
5946 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(array_ref->base.type);
5947 if (!is_type_pointer(type_left))
5948 return type_error_type;
5949 return type_left->pointer.points_to;
5952 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: {
5953 size_t const size = get_string_len(expression->string_literal.encoding, &expression->string_literal.value) + 1;
5954 type_t *const elem = get_unqualified_type(expression->base.type->pointer.points_to);
5955 return make_array_type(elem, size, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5958 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
5959 return expression->compound_literal.type;
5964 return expression->base.type;
5968 * Find an entity matching a symbol in a scope.
5969 * Uses current scope if scope is NULL
5971 static entity_t *lookup_entity(const scope_t *scope, symbol_t *symbol,
5972 namespace_tag_t namespc)
5974 if (scope == NULL) {
5975 return get_entity(symbol, namespc);
5978 /* we should optimize here, if scope grows above a certain size we should
5979 construct a hashmap here... */
5980 entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
5981 for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
5982 if (entity->base.symbol == symbol
5983 && (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
5990 static entity_t *parse_qualified_identifier(void)
5992 /* namespace containing the symbol */
5994 source_position_t pos;
5995 const scope_t *lookup_scope = NULL;
5997 if (next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
5998 lookup_scope = &unit->scope;
6002 symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing identifier", &pos);
6004 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6007 entity = lookup_entity(lookup_scope, symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
6009 if (!next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
6012 switch (entity->kind) {
6013 case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
6014 lookup_scope = &entity->namespacee.members;
6019 lookup_scope = &entity->compound.members;
6022 errorf(&pos, "'%Y' must be a namespace, class, struct or union (but is a %s)",
6023 symbol, get_entity_kind_name(entity->kind));
6025 /* skip further qualifications */
6026 while (next_if(T_IDENTIFIER) && next_if(T_COLONCOLON)) {}
6028 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6032 if (entity == NULL) {
6033 if (!strict_mode && token.kind == '(') {
6034 /* an implicitly declared function */
6035 entity = create_implicit_function(symbol, &pos);
6036 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_FUNCTION_DECLARATION, &pos, "implicit declaration of '%N'", entity);
6038 errorf(&pos, "unknown identifier '%Y' found.", symbol);
6039 entity = create_error_entity(symbol, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6046 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
6048 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6049 entity_t *const entity = parse_qualified_identifier();
6052 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6053 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
6054 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
6055 orig_type = entity->enum_value.enum_type;
6057 panic("expected declaration or enum value in reference");
6060 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
6061 * code to revert this! */
6062 type_t *type = automatic_type_conversion(orig_type);
6064 expression_kind_t kind = EXPR_REFERENCE;
6065 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
6066 kind = EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT;
6068 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6069 expression->base.source_position = pos;
6070 expression->base.type = type;
6071 expression->reference.entity = entity;
6073 /* this declaration is used */
6074 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6075 entity->declaration.used = true;
6078 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope
6079 && (current_function != NULL
6080 && entity->base.parent_scope->depth < current_function->parameters.depth)
6081 && (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE || entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER)) {
6082 /* access of a variable from an outer function */
6083 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
6084 current_function->need_closure = true;
6087 check_deprecated(&pos, entity);
6092 static bool semantic_cast(expression_t *cast)
6094 expression_t *expression = cast->unary.value;
6095 type_t *orig_dest_type = cast->base.type;
6096 type_t *orig_type_right = expression->base.type;
6097 type_t const *dst_type = skip_typeref(orig_dest_type);
6098 type_t const *src_type = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6099 source_position_t const *pos = &cast->base.source_position;
6101 /* §6.5.4 A (void) cast is explicitly permitted, more for documentation than for utility. */
6102 if (is_type_void(dst_type))
6105 /* only integer and pointer can be casted to pointer */
6106 if (is_type_pointer(dst_type) &&
6107 !is_type_pointer(src_type) &&
6108 !is_type_integer(src_type) &&
6109 is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6110 errorf(pos, "cannot convert type '%T' to a pointer type", orig_type_right);
6114 if (!is_type_scalar(dst_type) && is_type_valid(dst_type)) {
6115 errorf(pos, "conversion to non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_dest_type);
6119 if (!is_type_scalar(src_type) && is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6120 errorf(pos, "conversion from non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_type_right);
6124 if (is_type_pointer(src_type) && is_type_pointer(dst_type)) {
6125 type_t *src = skip_typeref(src_type->pointer.points_to);
6126 type_t *dst = skip_typeref(dst_type->pointer.points_to);
6127 unsigned missing_qualifiers =
6128 src->base.qualifiers & ~dst->base.qualifiers;
6129 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
6130 warningf(WARN_CAST_QUAL, pos, "cast discards qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type of '%T'", missing_qualifiers, orig_type_right);
6136 static expression_t *parse_compound_literal(source_position_t const *const pos, type_t *type)
6138 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL);
6139 expression->base.source_position = *pos;
6141 parse_initializer_env_t env;
6144 env.must_be_constant = false;
6145 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
6148 expression->compound_literal.initializer = initializer;
6149 expression->compound_literal.type = type;
6150 expression->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
6156 * Parse a cast expression.
6158 static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
6160 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6163 add_anchor_token(')');
6165 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6167 rem_anchor_token(')');
6170 if (token.kind == '{') {
6171 return parse_compound_literal(&pos, type);
6174 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
6175 cast->base.source_position = pos;
6177 expression_t *value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
6178 cast->base.type = type;
6179 cast->unary.value = value;
6181 if (! semantic_cast(cast)) {
6182 /* TODO: record the error in the AST. else it is impossible to detect it */
6189 * Parse a statement expression.
6191 static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
6193 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STATEMENT);
6196 add_anchor_token(')');
6198 statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement(true);
6199 statement->compound.stmt_expr = true;
6200 expression->statement.statement = statement;
6202 /* find last statement and use its type */
6203 type_t *type = type_void;
6204 const statement_t *stmt = statement->compound.statements;
6206 while (stmt->base.next != NULL)
6207 stmt = stmt->base.next;
6209 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
6210 type = stmt->expression.expression->base.type;
6213 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
6214 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty statement expression ({})");
6216 expression->base.type = type;
6218 rem_anchor_token(')');
6224 * Parse a parenthesized expression.
6226 static expression_t *parse_parenthesized_expression(void)
6228 token_t const* const la1 = look_ahead(1);
6229 switch (la1->kind) {
6231 /* gcc extension: a statement expression */
6232 return parse_statement_expression();
6235 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
6237 return parse_cast();
6242 add_anchor_token(')');
6243 expression_t *result = parse_expression();
6244 result->base.parenthesized = true;
6245 rem_anchor_token(')');
6251 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(funcname_kind_t const kind)
6253 if (current_function == NULL) {
6254 errorf(HERE, "'%K' used outside of a function", &token);
6257 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6258 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6259 expression->funcname.kind = kind;
6266 static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
6268 designator_t *const result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6269 result->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &result->source_position);
6270 if (!result->symbol)
6273 designator_t *last_designator = result;
6276 designator_t *const designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6277 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &designator->source_position);
6278 if (!designator->symbol)
6281 last_designator->next = designator;
6282 last_designator = designator;
6286 add_anchor_token(']');
6287 designator_t *designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6288 designator->source_position = *HERE;
6289 designator->array_index = parse_expression();
6290 rem_anchor_token(']');
6292 if (designator->array_index == NULL) {
6296 last_designator->next = designator;
6297 last_designator = designator;
6307 * Parse the __builtin_offsetof() expression.
6309 static expression_t *parse_offsetof(void)
6311 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_OFFSETOF);
6312 expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6314 eat(T___builtin_offsetof);
6316 add_anchor_token(')');
6317 add_anchor_token(',');
6319 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6320 rem_anchor_token(',');
6322 designator_t *designator = parse_designator();
6323 rem_anchor_token(')');
6326 expression->offsetofe.type = type;
6327 expression->offsetofe.designator = designator;
6330 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
6331 path.top_type = type;
6332 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
6334 descend_into_subtype(&path);
6336 if (!walk_designator(&path, designator, true)) {
6337 return create_error_expression();
6340 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
6345 static bool is_last_parameter(expression_t *const param)
6347 if (param->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
6348 entity_t *const entity = param->reference.entity;
6349 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
6350 !entity->base.next &&
6351 entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters) {
6356 if (!is_type_valid(skip_typeref(param->base.type)))
6363 * Parses a __builtin_va_start() expression.
6365 static expression_t *parse_va_start(void)
6367 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_START);
6369 eat(T___builtin_va_start);
6371 add_anchor_token(')');
6372 add_anchor_token(',');
6374 expression->va_starte.ap = parse_assignment_expression();
6375 rem_anchor_token(',');
6377 expression_t *const param = parse_assignment_expression();
6378 expression->va_starte.parameter = param;
6379 rem_anchor_token(')');
6382 if (!current_function) {
6383 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used outside of function");
6384 } else if (!current_function->base.type->function.variadic) {
6385 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used in non-variadic function");
6386 } else if (!is_last_parameter(param)) {
6387 errorf(¶m->base.source_position, "second argument of 'va_start' must be last parameter of the current function");
6394 * Parses a __builtin_va_arg() expression.
6396 static expression_t *parse_va_arg(void)
6398 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_ARG);
6400 eat(T___builtin_va_arg);
6402 add_anchor_token(')');
6403 add_anchor_token(',');
6406 ap.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6407 expression->va_arge.ap = ap.expression;
6408 check_call_argument(type_valist, &ap, 1);
6410 rem_anchor_token(',');
6412 expression->base.type = parse_typename();
6413 rem_anchor_token(')');
6420 * Parses a __builtin_va_copy() expression.
6422 static expression_t *parse_va_copy(void)
6424 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_COPY);
6426 eat(T___builtin_va_copy);
6428 add_anchor_token(')');
6429 add_anchor_token(',');
6431 expression_t *dst = parse_assignment_expression();
6432 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type_valist, dst);
6433 report_assign_error(error, type_valist, dst, "call argument 1",
6434 &dst->base.source_position);
6435 expression->va_copye.dst = dst;
6437 rem_anchor_token(',');
6440 call_argument_t src;
6441 src.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6442 check_call_argument(type_valist, &src, 2);
6443 expression->va_copye.src = src.expression;
6444 rem_anchor_token(')');
6451 * Parses a __builtin_constant_p() expression.
6453 static expression_t *parse_builtin_constant(void)
6455 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P);
6457 eat(T___builtin_constant_p);
6459 add_anchor_token(')');
6461 expression->builtin_constant.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6462 rem_anchor_token(')');
6464 expression->base.type = type_int;
6470 * Parses a __builtin_types_compatible_p() expression.
6472 static expression_t *parse_builtin_types_compatible(void)
6474 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P);
6476 eat(T___builtin_types_compatible_p);
6478 add_anchor_token(')');
6479 add_anchor_token(',');
6481 expression->builtin_types_compatible.left = parse_typename();
6482 rem_anchor_token(',');
6484 expression->builtin_types_compatible.right = parse_typename();
6485 rem_anchor_token(')');
6487 expression->base.type = type_int;
6493 * Parses a __builtin_is_*() compare expression.
6495 static expression_t *parse_compare_builtin(void)
6497 expression_kind_t kind;
6498 switch (token.kind) {
6499 case T___builtin_isgreater: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER; break;
6500 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL; break;
6501 case T___builtin_isless: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS; break;
6502 case T___builtin_islessequal: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL; break;
6503 case T___builtin_islessgreater: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER; break;
6504 case T___builtin_isunordered: kind = EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED; break;
6505 default: internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid compare builtin found");
6507 expression_t *const expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6510 add_anchor_token(')');
6511 add_anchor_token(',');
6513 expression->binary.left = parse_assignment_expression();
6514 rem_anchor_token(',');
6516 expression->binary.right = parse_assignment_expression();
6517 rem_anchor_token(')');
6520 type_t *const orig_type_left = expression->binary.left->base.type;
6521 type_t *const orig_type_right = expression->binary.right->base.type;
6523 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6524 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6525 if (!is_type_float(type_left) && !is_type_float(type_right)) {
6526 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
6527 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
6528 &expression->base.source_position, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
6531 semantic_comparison(&expression->binary);
6538 * Parses a MS assume() expression.
6540 static expression_t *parse_assume(void)
6542 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME);
6546 add_anchor_token(')');
6548 expression->unary.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6549 rem_anchor_token(')');
6552 expression->base.type = type_void;
6557 * Return the label for the current symbol or create a new one.
6559 static label_t *get_label(char const *const context)
6561 assert(current_function != NULL);
6563 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier(context, NULL);
6567 entity_t *label = get_entity(sym, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
6568 /* If we find a local label, we already created the declaration. */
6569 if (label != NULL && label->kind == ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL) {
6570 if (label->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
6571 assert(label->base.parent_scope->depth < current_scope->depth);
6572 current_function->goto_to_outer = true;
6574 } else if (label == NULL || label->base.parent_scope != ¤t_function->parameters) {
6575 /* There is no matching label in the same function, so create a new one. */
6576 source_position_t const nowhere = { NULL, 0, 0, false };
6577 label = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym, &nowhere);
6581 return &label->label;
6585 * Parses a GNU && label address expression.
6587 static expression_t *parse_label_address(void)
6589 source_position_t const source_position = *HERE;
6592 label_t *const label = get_label("while parsing label address");
6594 return create_error_expression();
6597 label->address_taken = true;
6599 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS);
6600 expression->base.source_position = source_position;
6602 /* label address is treated as a void pointer */
6603 expression->base.type = type_void_ptr;
6604 expression->label_address.label = label;
6609 * Parse a microsoft __noop expression.
6611 static expression_t *parse_noop_expression(void)
6613 /* the result is a (int)0 */
6614 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP);
6615 literal->base.type = type_int;
6616 literal->literal.value.begin = "__noop";
6617 literal->literal.value.size = 6;
6621 if (token.kind == '(') {
6622 /* parse arguments */
6624 add_anchor_token(')');
6625 add_anchor_token(',');
6627 if (token.kind != ')') do {
6628 (void)parse_assignment_expression();
6629 } while (next_if(','));
6631 rem_anchor_token(',');
6632 rem_anchor_token(')');
6640 * Parses a primary expression.
6642 static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
6644 switch (token.kind) {
6645 case T_false: return parse_boolean_literal(false);
6646 case T_true: return parse_boolean_literal(true);
6648 case T_FLOATINGPOINT: return parse_number_literal();
6649 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: return parse_character_constant();
6650 case T_STRING_LITERAL: return parse_string_literal();
6651 case T___func__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCTION);
6652 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION);
6653 case T___FUNCSIG__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG);
6654 case T___FUNCDNAME__: return parse_function_keyword(FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME);
6655 case T___builtin_offsetof: return parse_offsetof();
6656 case T___builtin_va_start: return parse_va_start();
6657 case T___builtin_va_arg: return parse_va_arg();
6658 case T___builtin_va_copy: return parse_va_copy();
6659 case T___builtin_isgreater:
6660 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
6661 case T___builtin_isless:
6662 case T___builtin_islessequal:
6663 case T___builtin_islessgreater:
6664 case T___builtin_isunordered: return parse_compare_builtin();
6665 case T___builtin_constant_p: return parse_builtin_constant();
6666 case T___builtin_types_compatible_p: return parse_builtin_types_compatible();
6667 case T__assume: return parse_assume();
6670 return parse_label_address();
6673 case '(': return parse_parenthesized_expression();
6674 case T___noop: return parse_noop_expression();
6676 /* Gracefully handle type names while parsing expressions. */
6678 return parse_reference();
6680 if (!is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
6681 return parse_reference();
6685 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6686 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
6687 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
6688 type_t const *const type = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
6689 errorf(&pos, "encountered type '%T' while parsing expression", type);
6690 return create_error_expression();
6694 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K, expected an expression", &token);
6696 return create_error_expression();
6699 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(expression_t *left)
6701 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS);
6702 array_access_expression_t *const arr = &expr->array_access;
6705 add_anchor_token(']');
6707 expression_t *const inside = parse_expression();
6709 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
6710 type_t *const orig_type_inside = inside->base.type;
6712 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6713 type_t *const type_inside = skip_typeref(orig_type_inside);
6719 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
6722 idx_type = type_inside;
6723 res_type = type_left->pointer.points_to;
6725 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
6726 arr->flipped = true;
6729 idx_type = type_left;
6730 res_type = type_inside->pointer.points_to;
6732 res_type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
6733 if (!is_type_integer(idx_type)) {
6734 errorf(&idx->base.source_position, "array subscript must have integer type");
6735 } else if (is_type_atomic(idx_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR)) {
6736 source_position_t const *const pos = &idx->base.source_position;
6737 warningf(WARN_CHAR_SUBSCRIPTS, pos, "array subscript has char type");
6740 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_inside)) {
6741 errorf(&expr->base.source_position, "invalid types '%T[%T]' for array access", orig_type_left, orig_type_inside);
6743 res_type = type_error_type;
6748 arr->array_ref = ref;
6750 arr->base.type = res_type;
6752 rem_anchor_token(']');
6757 static bool is_bitfield(const expression_t *expression)
6759 return expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT
6760 && expression->select.compound_entry->compound_member.bitfield;
6763 static expression_t *parse_typeprop(expression_kind_t const kind)
6765 expression_t *tp_expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6766 tp_expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6768 eat(kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? T_sizeof : T___alignof__);
6771 expression_t *expression;
6772 if (token.kind == '(' && is_declaration_specifier(look_ahead(1))) {
6773 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6775 add_anchor_token(')');
6776 orig_type = parse_typename();
6777 rem_anchor_token(')');
6780 if (token.kind == '{') {
6781 /* It was not sizeof(type) after all. It is sizeof of an expression
6782 * starting with a compound literal */
6783 expression = parse_compound_literal(&pos, orig_type);
6784 goto typeprop_expression;
6787 expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
6789 typeprop_expression:
6790 if (is_bitfield(expression)) {
6791 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6792 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6793 "operand of %s expression must not be a bitfield", what);
6796 tp_expression->typeprop.tp_expression = expression;
6798 orig_type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
6799 expression->base.type = orig_type;
6802 tp_expression->typeprop.type = orig_type;
6803 type_t const* const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6804 char const* wrong_type = NULL;
6805 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
6806 if (!is_type_void(type) || !GNU_MODE)
6807 wrong_type = "incomplete";
6808 } else if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
6810 /* function types are allowed (and return 1) */
6811 source_position_t const *const pos = &tp_expression->base.source_position;
6812 char const *const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6813 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s expression with function argument returns invalid result", what);
6815 wrong_type = "function";
6819 if (wrong_type != NULL) {
6820 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6821 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6822 "operand of %s expression must not be of %s type '%T'",
6823 what, wrong_type, orig_type);
6826 return tp_expression;
6829 static expression_t *parse_sizeof(void)
6831 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_SIZEOF);
6834 static expression_t *parse_alignof(void)
6836 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_ALIGNOF);
6839 static expression_t *parse_select_expression(expression_t *addr)
6841 assert(token.kind == '.' || token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6842 bool select_left_arrow = (token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6843 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6846 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing select", NULL);
6848 return create_error_expression();
6850 type_t *const orig_type = addr->base.type;
6851 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6854 bool saw_error = false;
6855 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
6856 if (!select_left_arrow) {
6858 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6862 type_left = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
6864 if (select_left_arrow && is_type_valid(type)) {
6865 errorf(&pos, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but '%T'", orig_type);
6871 if (type_left->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT &&
6872 type_left->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
6874 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && !saw_error) {
6876 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6879 return create_error_expression();
6882 compound_t *compound = type_left->compound.compound;
6883 if (!compound->complete) {
6884 errorf(&pos, "request for member '%Y' in incomplete type '%T'",
6886 return create_error_expression();
6889 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = type_left->base.qualifiers;
6890 expression_t *result =
6891 find_create_select(&pos, addr, qualifiers, compound, symbol);
6893 if (result == NULL) {
6894 errorf(&pos, "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
6895 return create_error_expression();
6901 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
6902 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos)
6904 type_t *expected_type_skip = skip_typeref(expected_type);
6905 assign_error_t error = ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
6906 expression_t *arg_expr = argument->expression;
6907 type_t *arg_type = skip_typeref(arg_expr->base.type);
6909 /* handle transparent union gnu extension */
6910 if (is_type_union(expected_type_skip)
6911 && (get_type_modifiers(expected_type) & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION)) {
6912 compound_t *union_decl = expected_type_skip->compound.compound;
6913 type_t *best_type = NULL;
6914 entity_t *entry = union_decl->members.entities;
6915 for ( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
6916 assert(is_declaration(entry));
6917 type_t *decl_type = entry->declaration.type;
6918 error = semantic_assign(decl_type, arg_expr);
6919 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE
6920 || error == ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING)
6923 if (error == ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
6924 best_type = decl_type;
6925 } else if (best_type == NULL) {
6926 best_type = decl_type;
6930 if (best_type != NULL) {
6931 expected_type = best_type;
6935 error = semantic_assign(expected_type, arg_expr);
6936 argument->expression = create_implicit_cast(arg_expr, expected_type);
6938 if (error != ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
6939 /* report exact scope in error messages (like "in argument 3") */
6941 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "call argument %u", pos);
6942 report_assign_error(error, expected_type, arg_expr, buf,
6943 &arg_expr->base.source_position);
6945 type_t *const promoted_type = get_default_promoted_type(arg_type);
6946 if (!types_compatible(expected_type_skip, promoted_type) &&
6947 !types_compatible(expected_type_skip, type_void_ptr) &&
6948 !types_compatible(type_void_ptr, promoted_type)) {
6949 /* Deliberately show the skipped types in this warning */
6950 source_position_t const *const apos = &arg_expr->base.source_position;
6951 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, apos, "passing call argument %u as '%T' rather than '%T' due to prototype", pos, expected_type_skip, promoted_type);
6957 * Handle the semantic restrictions of builtin calls
6959 static void handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call_expression_t *call)
6961 entity_t *entity = call->function->reference.entity;
6962 switch (entity->function.btk) {
6964 switch (entity->function.b.firm_builtin_kind) {
6965 case ir_bk_return_address:
6966 case ir_bk_frame_address: {
6967 /* argument must be constant */
6968 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
6970 if (is_constant_expression(argument->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6971 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6972 "argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
6973 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
6977 case ir_bk_prefetch:
6978 /* second and third argument must be constant if existent */
6979 if (call->arguments == NULL)
6981 call_argument_t *rw = call->arguments->next;
6982 call_argument_t *locality = NULL;
6985 if (is_constant_expression(rw->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6986 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6987 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
6988 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
6990 locality = rw->next;
6992 if (locality != NULL) {
6993 if (is_constant_expression(locality->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
6994 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
6995 "third argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
6996 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
6998 locality = rw->next;
7005 case BUILTIN_OBJECT_SIZE:
7006 if (call->arguments == NULL)
7009 call_argument_t *arg = call->arguments->next;
7010 if (arg != NULL && is_constant_expression(arg->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7011 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7012 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7013 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7022 * Parse a call expression, ie. expression '( ... )'.
7024 * @param expression the function address
7026 static expression_t *parse_call_expression(expression_t *expression)
7028 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
7029 call_expression_t *call = &result->call;
7030 call->function = expression;
7032 type_t *const orig_type = expression->base.type;
7033 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7035 function_type_t *function_type = NULL;
7036 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7037 type_t *const to_type = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7039 if (is_type_function(to_type)) {
7040 function_type = &to_type->function;
7041 call->base.type = function_type->return_type;
7045 if (function_type == NULL && is_type_valid(type)) {
7047 "called object '%E' (type '%T') is not a pointer to a function",
7048 expression, orig_type);
7051 /* parse arguments */
7053 add_anchor_token(')');
7054 add_anchor_token(',');
7056 if (token.kind != ')') {
7057 call_argument_t **anchor = &call->arguments;
7059 call_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
7060 argument->expression = parse_assignment_expression();
7063 anchor = &argument->next;
7064 } while (next_if(','));
7066 rem_anchor_token(',');
7067 rem_anchor_token(')');
7070 if (function_type == NULL)
7073 /* check type and count of call arguments */
7074 function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
7075 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
7076 if (!function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
7077 for (unsigned pos = 0; parameter != NULL && argument != NULL;
7078 parameter = parameter->next, argument = argument->next) {
7079 check_call_argument(parameter->type, argument, ++pos);
7082 if (parameter != NULL) {
7083 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "too few arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7084 } else if (argument != NULL && !function_type->variadic) {
7085 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position, "too many arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7089 /* do default promotion for other arguments */
7090 for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
7091 type_t *argument_type = argument->expression->base.type;
7092 if (!is_type_object(skip_typeref(argument_type))) {
7093 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position,
7094 "call argument '%E' must not be void", argument->expression);
7097 argument_type = get_default_promoted_type(argument_type);
7099 argument->expression
7100 = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, argument_type);
7105 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(function_type->return_type))) {
7106 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7107 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "function call has aggregate value");
7110 if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
7111 reference_expression_t *reference = &expression->reference;
7112 if (reference->entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION &&
7113 reference->entity->function.btk != BUILTIN_NONE)
7114 handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call);
7120 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
7122 static bool same_compound_type(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
7125 is_type_compound(type1) &&
7126 type1->kind == type2->kind &&
7127 type1->compound.compound == type2->compound.compound;
7130 static expression_t const *get_reference_address(expression_t const *expr)
7132 bool regular_take_address = true;
7134 if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7135 expr = expr->unary.value;
7137 regular_take_address = false;
7140 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7143 expr = expr->unary.value;
7146 if (expr->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7149 /* special case for functions which are automatically converted to a
7150 * pointer to function without an extra TAKE_ADDRESS operation */
7151 if (!regular_take_address &&
7152 expr->reference.entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
7159 static void warn_reference_address_as_bool(expression_t const* expr)
7161 expr = get_reference_address(expr);
7163 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7164 entity_t const *const ent = expr->reference.entity;
7165 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will always evaluate as 'true'", ent);
7169 static void warn_assignment_in_condition(const expression_t *const expr)
7171 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN)
7173 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7175 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7176 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value");
7179 static void semantic_condition(expression_t const *const expr,
7180 char const *const context)
7182 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
7183 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
7184 warn_reference_address_as_bool(expr);
7185 warn_assignment_in_condition(expr);
7186 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7187 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
7188 "%s must have scalar type", context);
7193 * Parse a conditional expression, ie. 'expression ? ... : ...'.
7195 * @param expression the conditional expression
7197 static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(expression_t *expression)
7199 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONDITIONAL);
7201 conditional_expression_t *conditional = &result->conditional;
7202 conditional->condition = expression;
7205 add_anchor_token(':');
7207 /* §6.5.15:2 The first operand shall have scalar type. */
7208 semantic_condition(expression, "condition of conditional operator");
7210 expression_t *true_expression = expression;
7211 bool gnu_cond = false;
7212 if (GNU_MODE && token.kind == ':') {
7215 true_expression = parse_expression();
7217 rem_anchor_token(':');
7219 expression_t *false_expression =
7220 parse_subexpression(c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL);
7222 type_t *const orig_true_type = true_expression->base.type;
7223 type_t *const orig_false_type = false_expression->base.type;
7224 type_t *const true_type = skip_typeref(orig_true_type);
7225 type_t *const false_type = skip_typeref(orig_false_type);
7228 source_position_t const *const pos = &conditional->base.source_position;
7229 type_t *result_type;
7230 if (is_type_void(true_type) || is_type_void(false_type)) {
7231 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.16:2 */
7232 if (true_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7233 result_type = false_type;
7234 } else if (false_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7235 result_type = true_type;
7237 if (!is_type_void(true_type) || !is_type_void(false_type)) {
7238 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "ISO C forbids conditional expression with only one void side");
7240 result_type = type_void;
7242 } else if (is_type_arithmetic(true_type)
7243 && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
7244 result_type = semantic_arithmetic(true_type, false_type);
7245 } else if (same_compound_type(true_type, false_type)) {
7246 /* just take 1 of the 2 types */
7247 result_type = true_type;
7248 } else if (is_type_pointer(true_type) || is_type_pointer(false_type)) {
7249 type_t *pointer_type;
7251 expression_t *other_expression;
7252 if (is_type_pointer(true_type) &&
7253 (!is_type_pointer(false_type) || is_null_pointer_constant(false_expression))) {
7254 pointer_type = true_type;
7255 other_type = false_type;
7256 other_expression = false_expression;
7258 pointer_type = false_type;
7259 other_type = true_type;
7260 other_expression = true_expression;
7263 if (is_null_pointer_constant(other_expression)) {
7264 result_type = pointer_type;
7265 } else if (is_type_pointer(other_type)) {
7266 type_t *to1 = skip_typeref(pointer_type->pointer.points_to);
7267 type_t *to2 = skip_typeref(other_type->pointer.points_to);
7270 if (is_type_void(to1) || is_type_void(to2)) {
7272 } else if (types_compatible(get_unqualified_type(to1),
7273 get_unqualified_type(to2))) {
7276 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer types '%T' and '%T' in conditional expression are incompatible", true_type, false_type);
7280 type_t *const type =
7281 get_qualified_type(to, to1->base.qualifiers | to2->base.qualifiers);
7282 result_type = make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7283 } else if (is_type_integer(other_type)) {
7284 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer/integer type mismatch in conditional expression ('%T' and '%T')", true_type, false_type);
7285 result_type = pointer_type;
7287 goto types_incompatible;
7291 if (is_type_valid(true_type) && is_type_valid(false_type)) {
7292 type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional", pos, true_type, false_type);
7294 result_type = type_error_type;
7297 conditional->true_expression
7298 = gnu_cond ? NULL : create_implicit_cast(true_expression, result_type);
7299 conditional->false_expression
7300 = create_implicit_cast(false_expression, result_type);
7301 conditional->base.type = result_type;
7306 * Parse an extension expression.
7308 static expression_t *parse_extension(void)
7311 expression_t *expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
7317 * Parse a __builtin_classify_type() expression.
7319 static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(void)
7321 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE);
7322 result->base.type = type_int;
7324 eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
7326 add_anchor_token(')');
7328 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
7329 rem_anchor_token(')');
7331 result->classify_type.type_expression = expression;
7337 * Parse a delete expression
7338 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.3.5
7340 static expression_t *parse_delete(void)
7342 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_DELETE);
7343 result->base.type = type_void;
7348 result->kind = EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY;
7352 expression_t *const value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
7353 result->unary.value = value;
7355 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
7356 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7357 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7358 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7359 "operand of delete must have pointer type");
7361 } else if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to))) {
7362 source_position_t const *const pos = &value->base.source_position;
7363 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "deleting 'void*' is undefined");
7370 * Parse a throw expression
7371 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15:1
7373 static expression_t *parse_throw(void)
7375 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_THROW);
7376 result->base.type = type_void;
7380 expression_t *value = NULL;
7381 switch (token.kind) {
7383 value = parse_assignment_expression();
7384 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15.1:3 */
7385 type_t *const orig_type = value->base.type;
7386 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7387 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
7388 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7389 "cannot throw object of incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7390 } else if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7391 type_t *const points_to = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7392 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to) && !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7393 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7394 "cannot throw pointer to incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7402 result->unary.value = value;
7407 static bool check_pointer_arithmetic(const source_position_t *source_position,
7408 type_t *pointer_type,
7409 type_t *orig_pointer_type)
7411 type_t *points_to = pointer_type->pointer.points_to;
7412 points_to = skip_typeref(points_to);
7414 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to)) {
7415 if (!GNU_MODE || !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7416 errorf(source_position,
7417 "arithmetic with pointer to incomplete type '%T' not allowed",
7421 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer of type '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7423 } else if (is_type_function(points_to)) {
7425 errorf(source_position,
7426 "arithmetic with pointer to function type '%T' not allowed",
7430 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer to a function '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7436 static bool is_lvalue(const expression_t *expression)
7438 /* TODO: doesn't seem to be consistent with §6.3.2.1:1 */
7439 switch (expression->kind) {
7440 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
7441 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
7442 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
7444 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
7448 type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
7450 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §3.10:3 */
7451 is_type_reference(type) ||
7452 /* Claim it is an lvalue, if the type is invalid. There was a parse
7453 * error before, which maybe prevented properly recognizing it as
7455 !is_type_valid(type);
7460 static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
7462 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7463 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7464 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7465 if (!check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7469 } else if (!is_type_real(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
7470 /* TODO: improve error message */
7471 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7472 "operation needs an arithmetic or pointer type");
7475 if (!is_lvalue(expression->value)) {
7476 /* TODO: improve error message */
7477 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "lvalue required as operand");
7479 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7482 static void promote_unary_int_expr(unary_expression_t *const expr, type_t *const type)
7484 type_t *const res_type = promote_integer(type);
7485 expr->base.type = res_type;
7486 expr->value = create_implicit_cast(expr->value, res_type);
7489 static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
7491 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7492 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7493 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type)) {
7494 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7495 /* TODO: improve error message */
7496 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7497 "operation needs an arithmetic type");
7500 } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
7501 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7503 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7507 static void semantic_unexpr_plus(unary_expression_t *expression)
7509 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7510 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7511 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects the unary plus operator");
7514 static void semantic_not(unary_expression_t *expression)
7516 /* §6.5.3.3:1 The operand [...] of the ! operator, scalar type. */
7517 semantic_condition(expression->value, "operand of !");
7518 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
7521 static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
7523 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7524 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7525 if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
7526 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7527 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7528 "operand of ~ must be of integer type");
7533 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7536 static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
7538 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7539 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7540 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7541 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7542 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7543 "Unary '*' needs pointer or array type, but type '%T' given", orig_type);
7548 type_t *result_type = type->pointer.points_to;
7549 result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
7550 expression->base.type = result_type;
7554 * Record that an address is taken (expression represents an lvalue).
7556 * @param expression the expression
7557 * @param may_be_register if true, the expression might be an register
7559 static void set_address_taken(expression_t *expression, bool may_be_register)
7561 if (expression->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7564 entity_t *const entity = expression->reference.entity;
7566 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
7569 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER
7570 && !may_be_register) {
7571 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7572 errorf(pos, "address of register '%N' requested", entity);
7575 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
7579 * Check the semantic of the address taken expression.
7581 static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
7583 expression_t *value = expression->value;
7584 value->base.type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
7586 type_t *orig_type = value->base.type;
7587 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7588 if (!is_type_valid(type))
7592 if (!is_lvalue(value)) {
7593 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'&' requires an lvalue");
7595 if (is_bitfield(value)) {
7596 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7597 "'&' not allowed on bitfield");
7600 set_address_taken(value, false);
7602 expression->base.type = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7605 #define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, sfunc) \
7606 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(void) \
7608 expression_t *unary_expression \
7609 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7611 unary_expression->unary.value = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY); \
7613 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7615 return unary_expression; \
7618 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE,
7619 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
7620 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', EXPR_UNARY_PLUS,
7621 semantic_unexpr_plus)
7622 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', EXPR_UNARY_NOT,
7624 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE,
7625 semantic_dereference)
7626 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS,
7628 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE,
7629 semantic_unexpr_integer)
7630 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
7632 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
7635 #define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, \
7637 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
7639 expression_t *unary_expression \
7640 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7642 unary_expression->unary.value = left; \
7644 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7646 return unary_expression; \
7649 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,
7650 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
7652 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS,
7653 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
7656 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
7658 /* TODO: handle complex + imaginary types */
7660 type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
7661 type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
7663 /* §6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions */
7664 if (type_left == type_long_double || type_right == type_long_double) {
7665 return type_long_double;
7666 } else if (type_left == type_double || type_right == type_double) {
7668 } else if (type_left == type_float || type_right == type_float) {
7672 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7673 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7675 if (type_left == type_right)
7678 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
7679 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
7680 unsigned const rank_left = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_left));
7681 unsigned const rank_right = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_right));
7683 if (signed_left == signed_right)
7684 return rank_left >= rank_right ? type_left : type_right;
7688 atomic_type_kind_t s_akind;
7689 atomic_type_kind_t u_akind;
7694 u_type = type_right;
7696 s_type = type_right;
7699 s_akind = get_akind(s_type);
7700 u_akind = get_akind(u_type);
7701 s_rank = get_akind_rank(s_akind);
7702 u_rank = get_akind_rank(u_akind);
7704 if (u_rank >= s_rank)
7707 if (get_atomic_type_size(s_akind) > get_atomic_type_size(u_akind))
7711 case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT: return type_unsigned_int;
7712 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG: return type_unsigned_long;
7713 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG: return type_unsigned_long_long;
7715 default: panic("invalid atomic type");
7720 * Check the semantic restrictions for a binary expression.
7722 static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7724 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7725 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7726 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7727 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7728 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7729 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7731 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7732 /* TODO: improve error message */
7733 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7734 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7735 "operation needs arithmetic types");
7740 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7741 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7742 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7743 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7746 static void semantic_binexpr_integer(binary_expression_t *const expression)
7748 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7749 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7750 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7751 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7752 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7753 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7755 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7756 /* TODO: improve error message */
7757 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7758 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7759 "operation needs integer types");
7764 type_t *const result_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7765 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, result_type);
7766 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, result_type);
7767 expression->base.type = result_type;
7770 static void warn_div_by_zero(binary_expression_t const *const expression)
7772 if (!is_type_integer(expression->base.type))
7775 expression_t const *const right = expression->right;
7776 /* The type of the right operand can be different for /= */
7777 if (is_type_integer(right->base.type) &&
7778 is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT &&
7779 !fold_constant_to_bool(right)) {
7780 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7781 warningf(WARN_DIV_BY_ZERO, pos, "division by zero");
7786 * Check the semantic restrictions for a div/mod expression.
7788 static void semantic_divmod_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7790 semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7791 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
7794 static void warn_addsub_in_shift(const expression_t *const expr)
7796 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7800 switch (expr->kind) {
7801 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: op = '+'; break;
7802 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: op = '-'; break;
7806 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7807 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around '%c' inside shift", op);
7810 static bool semantic_shift(binary_expression_t *expression)
7812 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7813 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7814 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7815 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7816 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7817 type_t * type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7819 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7820 /* TODO: improve error message */
7821 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7822 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7823 "operands of shift operation must have integer types");
7828 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7830 if (is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
7831 source_position_t const *const pos = &right->base.source_position;
7832 long const count = fold_constant_to_int(right);
7834 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be non-negative");
7835 } else if ((unsigned long)count >=
7836 get_atomic_type_size(type_left->atomic.akind) * 8) {
7837 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be less than type width");
7841 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7842 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_right);
7847 static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
7849 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7850 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7852 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
7855 warn_addsub_in_shift(left);
7856 warn_addsub_in_shift(right);
7858 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7859 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7861 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7862 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_left);
7863 expression->base.type = type_left;
7866 static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
7868 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7869 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7870 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7871 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7872 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7873 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7876 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7877 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7878 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7879 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7880 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7881 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7882 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7883 type_left, orig_type_left);
7884 expression->base.type = type_left;
7885 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
7886 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7887 type_right, orig_type_right);
7888 expression->base.type = type_right;
7889 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7890 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7891 "invalid operands to binary + ('%T', '%T')",
7892 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7896 static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
7898 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7899 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7900 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7901 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7902 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7903 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7904 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7907 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7908 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7909 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7910 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7911 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7912 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7913 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7914 type_left, orig_type_left);
7915 expression->base.type = type_left;
7916 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
7917 type_t *const unqual_left = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to));
7918 type_t *const unqual_right = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to));
7919 if (!types_compatible(unqual_left, unqual_right)) {
7921 "subtracting pointers to incompatible types '%T' and '%T'",
7922 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7923 } else if (!is_type_object(unqual_left)) {
7924 if (!is_type_void(unqual_left)) {
7925 errorf(pos, "subtracting pointers to non-object types '%T'",
7928 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "subtracting pointers to void");
7931 expression->base.type = type_ptrdiff_t;
7932 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7933 errorf(pos, "invalid operands of types '%T' and '%T' to binary '-'",
7934 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7938 static void warn_string_literal_address(expression_t const* expr)
7940 while (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7941 expr = expr->unary.value;
7942 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7944 expr = expr->unary.value;
7947 if (expr->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
7948 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7949 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "comparison with string literal results in unspecified behaviour");
7953 static bool maybe_negative(expression_t const *const expr)
7955 switch (is_constant_expression(expr)) {
7956 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return false;
7957 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return constant_is_negative(expr);
7958 default: return true;
7962 static void warn_comparison(source_position_t const *const pos, expression_t const *const expr, expression_t const *const other)
7964 warn_string_literal_address(expr);
7966 expression_t const* const ref = get_reference_address(expr);
7967 if (ref != NULL && is_null_pointer_constant(other)) {
7968 entity_t const *const ent = ref->reference.entity;
7969 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will never be NULL", ent);
7972 if (!expr->base.parenthesized) {
7973 switch (expr->base.kind) {
7974 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
7975 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
7976 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
7977 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
7978 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
7979 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
7980 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "comparisons like 'x <= y < z' do not have their mathematical meaning");
7989 * Check the semantics of comparison expressions.
7991 * @param expression The expression to check.
7993 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
7995 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7996 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7997 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7999 warn_comparison(pos, left, right);
8000 warn_comparison(pos, right, left);
8002 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8003 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8004 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8005 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8007 /* TODO non-arithmetic types */
8008 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8009 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8011 /* test for signed vs unsigned compares */
8012 if (is_type_integer(arithmetic_type)) {
8013 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
8014 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
8015 if (signed_left != signed_right) {
8016 /* FIXME long long needs better const folding magic */
8017 /* TODO check whether constant value can be represented by other type */
8018 if ((signed_left && maybe_negative(left)) ||
8019 (signed_right && maybe_negative(right))) {
8020 warningf(WARN_SIGN_COMPARE, pos, "comparison between signed and unsigned");
8025 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
8026 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8027 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
8028 if ((expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL ||
8029 expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL) &&
8030 is_type_float(arithmetic_type)) {
8031 warningf(WARN_FLOAT_EQUAL, pos, "comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe");
8033 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8034 /* TODO check compatibility */
8035 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
8036 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_left);
8037 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8038 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
8039 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8040 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison", pos, type_left, type_right);
8042 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8046 * Checks if a compound type has constant fields.
8048 static bool has_const_fields(const compound_type_t *type)
8050 compound_t *compound = type->compound;
8051 entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
8053 for (; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
8054 if (!is_declaration(entry))
8057 const type_t *decl_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
8058 if (decl_type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST)
8065 static bool is_valid_assignment_lhs(expression_t const* const left)
8067 type_t *const orig_type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
8068 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8070 if (!is_lvalue(left)) {
8071 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left hand side '%E' of assignment is not an lvalue",
8076 if (left->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE
8077 && left->reference.entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
8078 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to function '%E'", left);
8082 if (is_type_array(type_left)) {
8083 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to array '%E'", left);
8086 if (type_left->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
8087 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "assignment to read-only location '%E' (type '%T')", left,
8091 if (is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
8092 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left-hand side '%E' of assignment has incomplete type '%T'",
8093 left, orig_type_left);
8096 if (is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(&type_left->compound)) {
8097 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to '%E' because compound type '%T' has read-only fields",
8098 left, orig_type_left);
8105 static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8107 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8108 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8109 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8110 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8112 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8115 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8116 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8118 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8119 /* TODO: improve error message */
8120 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8121 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8122 "operation needs arithmetic types");
8127 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8128 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8129 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8130 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8131 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8132 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8133 expression->base.type = type_left;
8136 static void semantic_divmod_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8138 semantic_arithmetic_assign(expression);
8139 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
8142 static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8144 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8145 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
8146 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8147 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8148 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8149 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8151 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8154 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8155 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8156 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8157 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8158 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8159 type_t *const arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8160 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8161 expression->base.type = type_left;
8162 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8163 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
8164 type_left, orig_type_left);
8165 expression->base.type = type_left;
8166 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8167 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8168 "incompatible types '%T' and '%T' in assignment",
8169 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
8173 static void semantic_integer_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8175 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8176 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8177 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8178 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8180 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8183 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8184 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8186 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8187 /* TODO: improve error message */
8188 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8189 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8190 "operation needs integer types");
8195 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8196 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8197 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8198 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8199 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8200 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8201 expression->base.type = type_left;
8204 static void semantic_shift_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8206 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8208 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8211 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
8214 expression->base.type = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
8217 static void warn_logical_and_within_or(const expression_t *const expr)
8219 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND)
8221 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
8223 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
8224 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around && within ||");
8228 * Check the semantic restrictions of a logical expression.
8230 static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
8232 /* §6.5.13:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type.
8233 * §6.5.14:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type. */
8234 semantic_condition(expression->left, "left operand of logical operator");
8235 semantic_condition(expression->right, "right operand of logical operator");
8236 if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR) {
8237 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->left);
8238 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->right);
8240 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8244 * Check the semantic restrictions of a binary assign expression.
8246 static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8248 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8249 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8251 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8254 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(orig_type_left, expression->right);
8255 report_assign_error(error, orig_type_left, expression->right,
8256 "assignment", &left->base.source_position);
8257 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(expression->right, orig_type_left);
8258 expression->base.type = orig_type_left;
8262 * Determine if the outermost operation (or parts thereof) of the given
8263 * expression has no effect in order to generate a warning about this fact.
8264 * Therefore in some cases this only examines some of the operands of the
8265 * expression (see comments in the function and examples below).
8267 * f() + 23; // warning, because + has no effect
8268 * x || f(); // no warning, because x controls execution of f()
8269 * x ? y : f(); // warning, because y has no effect
8270 * (void)x; // no warning to be able to suppress the warning
8271 * This function can NOT be used for an "expression has definitely no effect"-
8273 static bool expression_has_effect(const expression_t *const expr)
8275 switch (expr->kind) {
8276 case EXPR_ERROR: return true; /* do NOT warn */
8277 case EXPR_REFERENCE: return false;
8278 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT: return false;
8279 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS: return false;
8281 /* suppress the warning for microsoft __noop operations */
8282 case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP: return true;
8283 case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
8284 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
8285 case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
8286 case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
8287 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: return false;
8290 const call_expression_t *const call = &expr->call;
8291 if (call->function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
8294 switch (call->function->reference.entity->function.btk) {
8295 /* FIXME: which builtins have no effect? */
8296 default: return true;
8300 /* Generate the warning if either the left or right hand side of a
8301 * conditional expression has no effect */
8302 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
8303 conditional_expression_t const *const cond = &expr->conditional;
8304 expression_t const *const t = cond->true_expression;
8306 (t == NULL || expression_has_effect(t)) &&
8307 expression_has_effect(cond->false_expression);
8310 case EXPR_SELECT: return false;
8311 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: return false;
8312 case EXPR_SIZEOF: return false;
8313 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE: return false;
8314 case EXPR_ALIGNOF: return false;
8316 case EXPR_FUNCNAME: return false;
8317 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: return false;
8318 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: return false;
8319 case EXPR_OFFSETOF: return false;
8320 case EXPR_VA_START: return true;
8321 case EXPR_VA_ARG: return true;
8322 case EXPR_VA_COPY: return true;
8323 case EXPR_STATEMENT: return true; // TODO
8324 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: return false;
8326 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE: return false;
8327 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS: return false;
8328 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE: return false;
8329 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: return false;
8330 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: return false;
8331 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS: return false;
8332 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8333 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8334 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8335 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8337 /* Treat void casts as if they have an effect in order to being able to
8338 * suppress the warning */
8339 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
8340 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
8341 return is_type_void(type);
8344 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: return true;
8345 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE: return true;
8346 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY: return true;
8347 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW: return true;
8349 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: return false;
8350 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: return false;
8351 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL: return false;
8352 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV: return false;
8353 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD: return false;
8354 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL: return false;
8355 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL: return false;
8356 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS: return false;
8357 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL: return false;
8358 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER: return false;
8359 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL: return false;
8360 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND: return false;
8361 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR: return false;
8362 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR: return false;
8363 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT: return false;
8364 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT: return false;
8365 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN: return true;
8366 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN: return true;
8367 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: return true;
8368 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: return true;
8369 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN: return true;
8370 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN: return true;
8371 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN: return true;
8372 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN: return true;
8373 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: return true;
8374 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: return true;
8375 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: return true;
8377 /* Only examine the right hand side of && and ||, because the left hand
8378 * side already has the effect of controlling the execution of the right
8380 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
8381 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
8382 /* Only examine the right hand side of a comma expression, because the left
8383 * hand side has a separate warning */
8384 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
8385 return expression_has_effect(expr->binary.right);
8387 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER: return false;
8388 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL: return false;
8389 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS: return false;
8390 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL: return false;
8391 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER: return false;
8392 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: return false;
8395 internal_errorf(HERE, "unexpected expression");
8398 static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
8400 const expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8401 if (!expression_has_effect(left)) {
8402 source_position_t const *const pos = &left->base.source_position;
8403 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, pos, "left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect");
8405 expression->base.type = expression->right->base.type;
8409 * @param prec_r precedence of the right operand
8411 #define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_kind, binexpression_type, prec_r, sfunc) \
8412 static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
8414 expression_t *binexpr = allocate_expression_zero(binexpression_type); \
8415 binexpr->binary.left = left; \
8418 expression_t *right = parse_subexpression(prec_r); \
8420 binexpr->binary.right = right; \
8421 sfunc(&binexpr->binary); \
8426 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', EXPR_BINARY_MUL, PREC_CAST, semantic_binexpr_arithmetic)
8427 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', EXPR_BINARY_DIV, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8428 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', EXPR_BINARY_MOD, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8429 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', EXPR_BINARY_ADD, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_add)
8430 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', EXPR_BINARY_SUB, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_sub)
8431 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8432 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8433 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', EXPR_BINARY_LESS, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8434 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8435 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8436 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8437 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8438 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8439 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, PREC_EQUALITY, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8440 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, PREC_AND, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8441 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, PREC_XOR, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8442 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, PREC_OR, semantic_logical_op)
8443 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, PREC_LOGICAL_AND, semantic_logical_op)
8444 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_binexpr_assign)
8445 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8446 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8447 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_assign)
8448 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8449 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8450 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8451 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8452 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8453 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8454 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8455 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_comma)
8458 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t precedence)
8460 expression_parser_function_t *parser
8461 = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8464 if (parser->parser != NULL) {
8465 left = parser->parser();
8467 left = parse_primary_expression();
8469 assert(left != NULL);
8472 parser = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8473 if (parser->infix_parser == NULL)
8475 if (parser->infix_precedence < precedence)
8478 left = parser->infix_parser(left);
8480 assert(left != NULL);
8487 * Parse an expression.
8489 static expression_t *parse_expression(void)
8491 return parse_subexpression(PREC_EXPRESSION);
8495 * Register a parser for a prefix-like operator.
8497 * @param parser the parser function
8498 * @param token_kind the token type of the prefix token
8500 static void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
8503 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8505 assert(!entry->parser);
8506 entry->parser = parser;
8510 * Register a parser for an infix operator with given precedence.
8512 * @param parser the parser function
8513 * @param token_kind the token type of the infix operator
8514 * @param precedence the precedence of the operator
8516 static void register_infix_parser(parse_expression_infix_function parser,
8517 int token_kind, precedence_t precedence)
8519 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8521 assert(!entry->infix_parser);
8522 entry->infix_parser = parser;
8523 entry->infix_precedence = precedence;
8527 * Initialize the expression parsers.
8529 static void init_expression_parsers(void)
8531 memset(&expression_parsers, 0, sizeof(expression_parsers));
8533 register_infix_parser(parse_array_expression, '[', PREC_POSTFIX);
8534 register_infix_parser(parse_call_expression, '(', PREC_POSTFIX);
8535 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, '.', PREC_POSTFIX);
8536 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, T_MINUSGREATER, PREC_POSTFIX);
8537 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8538 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8539 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL, '*', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8540 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV, '/', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8541 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD, '%', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8542 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD, '+', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8543 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB, '-', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8544 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, T_LESSLESS, PREC_SHIFT);
8545 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, T_GREATERGREATER, PREC_SHIFT);
8546 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESS, '<', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8547 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, '>', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8548 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, T_LESSEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8549 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, T_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8550 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, T_EQUALEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8551 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8552 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, '&', PREC_AND);
8553 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, '^', PREC_XOR);
8554 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, '|', PREC_OR);
8555 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, T_ANDAND, PREC_LOGICAL_AND);
8556 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, T_PIPEPIPE, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
8557 register_infix_parser(parse_conditional_expression, '?', PREC_CONDITIONAL);
8558 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, '=', PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8559 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, T_PLUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8560 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, T_MINUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8561 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, T_ASTERISKEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8562 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, T_SLASHEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8563 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, T_PERCENTEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8564 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, T_LESSLESSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8565 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8566 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, T_ANDEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8567 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, T_PIPEEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8568 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, T_CARETEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8569 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, ',', PREC_EXPRESSION);
8571 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE, '-');
8572 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PLUS, '+');
8573 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NOT, '!');
8574 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE, '~');
8575 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE, '*');
8576 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS, '&');
8577 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS);
8578 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS);
8579 register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof, T_sizeof);
8580 register_expression_parser(parse_alignof, T___alignof__);
8581 register_expression_parser(parse_extension, T___extension__);
8582 register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type, T___builtin_classify_type);
8583 register_expression_parser(parse_delete, T_delete);
8584 register_expression_parser(parse_throw, T_throw);
8588 * Parse a asm statement arguments specification.
8590 static asm_argument_t *parse_asm_arguments(bool is_out)
8592 asm_argument_t *result = NULL;
8593 asm_argument_t **anchor = &result;
8595 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL || token.kind == '[') {
8596 asm_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(argument[0]));
8599 add_anchor_token(']');
8600 argument->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing asm argument", NULL);
8601 rem_anchor_token(']');
8603 if (!argument->symbol)
8607 argument->constraints = parse_string_literals("asm argument");
8608 add_anchor_token(')');
8610 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8611 rem_anchor_token(')');
8613 /* Ugly GCC stuff: Allow lvalue casts. Skip casts, when they do not
8614 * change size or type representation (e.g. int -> long is ok, but
8615 * int -> float is not) */
8616 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
8617 type_t *const type = expression->base.type;
8618 type_kind_t const kind = type->kind;
8619 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8622 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8623 atomic_type_kind_t const akind = type->atomic.akind;
8624 flags = get_atomic_type_flags(akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8625 size = get_atomic_type_size(akind);
8627 flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8628 size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8632 expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
8633 type_t *const value_type = value->base.type;
8634 type_kind_t const value_kind = value_type->kind;
8636 unsigned value_flags;
8637 unsigned value_size;
8638 if (value_kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8639 atomic_type_kind_t const value_akind = value_type->atomic.akind;
8640 value_flags = get_atomic_type_flags(value_akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8641 value_size = get_atomic_type_size(value_akind);
8642 } else if (value_kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8643 value_flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8644 value_size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8649 if (value_flags != flags || value_size != size)
8653 } while (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
8657 if (!is_lvalue(expression)) {
8658 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8659 "asm output argument is not an lvalue");
8662 if (argument->constraints.begin[0] == '=')
8663 determine_lhs_ent(expression, NULL);
8665 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8667 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8669 argument->expression = expression;
8672 set_address_taken(expression, true);
8675 anchor = &argument->next;
8685 * Parse a asm statement clobber specification.
8687 static asm_clobber_t *parse_asm_clobbers(void)
8689 asm_clobber_t *result = NULL;
8690 asm_clobber_t **anchor = &result;
8692 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
8693 asm_clobber_t *clobber = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(clobber[0]));
8694 clobber->clobber = parse_string_literals(NULL);
8697 anchor = &clobber->next;
8707 * Parse an asm statement.
8709 static statement_t *parse_asm_statement(void)
8711 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
8712 asm_statement_t *asm_statement = &statement->asms;
8715 add_anchor_token(')');
8716 add_anchor_token(':');
8717 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
8719 if (next_if(T_volatile))
8720 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8723 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
8724 asm_statement->asm_text = parse_string_literals("asm statement");
8727 asm_statement->outputs = parse_asm_arguments(true);
8730 asm_statement->inputs = parse_asm_arguments(false);
8732 rem_anchor_token(':');
8734 asm_statement->clobbers = parse_asm_clobbers();
8736 rem_anchor_token(')');
8740 if (asm_statement->outputs == NULL) {
8741 /* GCC: An 'asm' instruction without any output operands will be treated
8742 * identically to a volatile 'asm' instruction. */
8743 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8749 static statement_t *parse_label_inner_statement(statement_t const *const label, char const *const label_kind)
8751 statement_t *inner_stmt;
8752 switch (token.kind) {
8754 errorf(&label->base.source_position, "%s at end of compound statement", label_kind);
8755 inner_stmt = create_error_statement();
8759 if (label->kind == STATEMENT_LABEL) {
8760 /* Eat an empty statement here, to avoid the warning about an empty
8761 * statement after a label. label:; is commonly used to have a label
8762 * before a closing brace. */
8763 inner_stmt = create_empty_statement();
8770 inner_stmt = parse_statement();
8771 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8772 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8773 if (inner_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8774 errorf(&inner_stmt->base.source_position, "declaration after %s", label_kind);
8782 * Parse a case statement.
8784 static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
8786 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8787 source_position_t *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8790 add_anchor_token(':');
8792 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8793 type_t *expression_type = expression->base.type;
8794 type_t *skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8795 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8796 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8797 expression, expression_type);
8800 type_t *type = expression_type;
8801 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8802 type_t *switch_type = current_switch->expression->base.type;
8803 if (is_type_valid(switch_type)) {
8804 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, switch_type);
8808 statement->case_label.expression = expression;
8809 expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
8810 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8811 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8812 errorf(pos, "case label does not reduce to an integer constant");
8814 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8816 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expression);
8817 statement->case_label.first_case = val;
8818 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8822 if (next_if(T_DOTDOTDOT)) {
8823 expression_t *end_range = parse_expression();
8824 expression_type = expression->base.type;
8825 skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8826 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8827 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8828 expression, expression_type);
8831 end_range = create_implicit_cast(end_range, type);
8832 statement->case_label.end_range = end_range;
8833 expression_classification_t const end_class = is_constant_expression(end_range);
8834 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8835 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8836 errorf(pos, "case range does not reduce to an integer constant");
8838 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8840 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(end_range);
8841 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8843 if (val < statement->case_label.first_case) {
8844 statement->case_label.is_empty_range = true;
8845 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty range specified");
8851 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8853 rem_anchor_token(':');
8856 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8857 if (! statement->case_label.is_bad) {
8858 /* Check for duplicate case values */
8859 case_label_statement_t *c = &statement->case_label;
8860 for (case_label_statement_t *l = current_switch->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
8861 if (l->is_bad || l->is_empty_range || l->expression == NULL)
8864 if (c->last_case < l->first_case || c->first_case > l->last_case)
8867 errorf(pos, "duplicate case value (previously used %P)",
8868 &l->base.source_position);
8872 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8873 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8874 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8876 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8878 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8880 errorf(pos, "case label not within a switch statement");
8883 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "case label");
8890 * Parse a default statement.
8892 static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
8894 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8898 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8902 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8903 const case_label_statement_t *def_label = current_switch->default_label;
8904 if (def_label != NULL) {
8905 errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "multiple default labels in one switch (previous declared %P)", &def_label->base.source_position);
8907 current_switch->default_label = &statement->case_label;
8909 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8910 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8911 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8913 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8915 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8918 errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
8919 "'default' label not within a switch statement");
8922 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "default label");
8929 * Parse a label statement.
8931 static statement_t *parse_label_statement(void)
8933 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LABEL);
8934 label_t *const label = get_label(NULL /* Cannot fail, token is T_IDENTIFIER. */);
8935 statement->label.label = label;
8937 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8939 /* if statement is already set then the label is defined twice,
8940 * otherwise it was just mentioned in a goto/local label declaration so far
8942 source_position_t const* const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8943 if (label->statement != NULL) {
8944 errorf(pos, "duplicate '%N' (declared %P)", (entity_t const*)label, &label->base.source_position);
8946 label->base.source_position = *pos;
8947 label->statement = statement;
8952 if (token.kind == T___attribute__ && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8953 parse_attributes(NULL); // TODO process attributes
8956 statement->label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "label");
8958 /* remember the labels in a list for later checking */
8959 *label_anchor = &statement->label;
8960 label_anchor = &statement->label.next;
8966 static statement_t *parse_inner_statement(void)
8968 statement_t *const stmt = parse_statement();
8969 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8970 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8971 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8972 errorf(&stmt->base.source_position, "declaration as inner statement, use {}");
8978 * Parse an expression in parentheses and mark its variables as read.
8980 static expression_t *parse_condition(void)
8982 add_anchor_token(')');
8984 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
8985 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
8986 rem_anchor_token(')');
8992 * Parse an if statement.
8994 static statement_t *parse_if(void)
8996 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_IF);
9000 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9001 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->ifs.scope);
9003 add_anchor_token(T_else);
9005 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9006 statement->ifs.condition = expr;
9007 /* §6.8.4.1:1 The controlling expression of an if statement shall have
9009 semantic_condition(expr, "condition of 'if'-statment");
9011 statement_t *const true_stmt = parse_inner_statement();
9012 statement->ifs.true_statement = true_stmt;
9013 rem_anchor_token(T_else);
9015 if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9016 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9017 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9020 if (next_if(T_else)) {
9021 statement->ifs.false_statement = parse_inner_statement();
9023 if (statement->ifs.false_statement->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9024 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9025 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9027 } else if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_IF &&
9028 true_stmt->ifs.false_statement != NULL) {
9029 source_position_t const *const pos = &true_stmt->base.source_position;
9030 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else'");
9039 * Check that all enums are handled in a switch.
9041 * @param statement the switch statement to check
9043 static void check_enum_cases(const switch_statement_t *statement)
9045 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM))
9047 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(statement->expression->base.type);
9048 if (! is_type_enum(type))
9050 const enum_type_t *enumt = &type->enumt;
9052 /* if we have a default, no warnings */
9053 if (statement->default_label != NULL)
9056 /* FIXME: calculation of value should be done while parsing */
9057 /* TODO: quadratic algorithm here. Change to an n log n one */
9058 long last_value = -1;
9059 const entity_t *entry = enumt->enume->base.next;
9060 for (; entry != NULL && entry->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE;
9061 entry = entry->base.next) {
9062 const expression_t *expression = entry->enum_value.value;
9063 long value = expression != NULL ? fold_constant_to_int(expression) : last_value + 1;
9065 for (const case_label_statement_t *l = statement->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
9066 if (l->expression == NULL)
9068 if (l->first_case <= value && value <= l->last_case) {
9074 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9075 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM, pos, "'%N' not handled in switch", entry);
9082 * Parse a switch statement.
9084 static statement_t *parse_switch(void)
9086 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_SWITCH);
9090 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9091 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->switchs.scope);
9093 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9094 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9095 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9096 type = promote_integer(type);
9097 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) >= get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG)) {
9098 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, &expr->base.source_position, "'%T' switch expression not converted to '%T' in ISO C", type, type_int);
9100 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9101 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9102 "switch quantity is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9103 type = type_error_type;
9105 statement->switchs.expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9107 switch_statement_t *rem = current_switch;
9108 current_switch = &statement->switchs;
9109 statement->switchs.body = parse_inner_statement();
9110 current_switch = rem;
9112 if (statement->switchs.default_label == NULL) {
9113 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_DEFAULT, &statement->base.source_position, "switch has no default case");
9115 check_enum_cases(&statement->switchs);
9122 static statement_t *parse_loop_body(statement_t *const loop)
9124 statement_t *const rem = current_loop;
9125 current_loop = loop;
9127 statement_t *const body = parse_inner_statement();
9134 * Parse a while statement.
9136 static statement_t *parse_while(void)
9138 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_WHILE);
9142 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9143 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->whiles.scope);
9145 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9146 statement->whiles.condition = cond;
9147 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9148 * have scalar type. */
9149 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'while'-statement");
9151 statement->whiles.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9159 * Parse a do statement.
9161 static statement_t *parse_do(void)
9163 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DO_WHILE);
9167 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9168 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->do_while.scope);
9170 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9171 statement->do_while.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9172 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9175 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9176 statement->do_while.condition = cond;
9177 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9178 * have scalar type. */
9179 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'do-while'-statement");
9188 * Parse a for statement.
9190 static statement_t *parse_for(void)
9192 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_FOR);
9196 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9197 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->fors.scope);
9199 add_anchor_token(')');
9205 } else if (is_declaration_specifier(&token)) {
9206 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9208 add_anchor_token(';');
9209 expression_t *const init = parse_expression();
9210 statement->fors.initialisation = init;
9211 mark_vars_read(init, ENT_ANY);
9212 if (!expression_has_effect(init)) {
9213 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &init->base.source_position, "initialisation of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9215 rem_anchor_token(';');
9221 if (token.kind != ';') {
9222 add_anchor_token(';');
9223 expression_t *const cond = parse_expression();
9224 statement->fors.condition = cond;
9225 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement
9226 * shall have scalar type. */
9227 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'for'-statement");
9228 mark_vars_read(cond, NULL);
9229 rem_anchor_token(';');
9232 if (token.kind != ')') {
9233 expression_t *const step = parse_expression();
9234 statement->fors.step = step;
9235 mark_vars_read(step, ENT_ANY);
9236 if (!expression_has_effect(step)) {
9237 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &step->base.source_position, "step of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9240 rem_anchor_token(')');
9242 statement->fors.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9250 * Parse a goto statement.
9252 static statement_t *parse_goto(void)
9254 statement_t *statement;
9255 if (GNU_MODE && look_ahead(1)->kind == '*') {
9256 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO);
9260 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
9261 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
9263 /* Argh: although documentation says the expression must be of type void*,
9264 * gcc accepts anything that can be casted into void* without error */
9265 type_t *type = expression->base.type;
9267 if (type != type_error_type) {
9268 if (!is_type_pointer(type) && !is_type_integer(type)) {
9269 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
9270 "cannot convert to a pointer type");
9271 } else if (type != type_void_ptr) {
9272 warningf(WARN_OTHER, &expression->base.source_position, "type of computed goto expression should be 'void*' not '%T'", type);
9274 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, type_void_ptr);
9277 statement->computed_goto.expression = expression;
9279 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_GOTO);
9282 label_t *const label = get_label("while parsing goto");
9285 statement->gotos.label = label;
9287 /* remember the goto's in a list for later checking */
9288 *goto_anchor = &statement->gotos;
9289 goto_anchor = &statement->gotos.next;
9291 statement->gotos.label = &allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym_anonymous, &builtin_source_position)->label;
9300 * Parse a continue statement.
9302 static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
9304 if (current_loop == NULL) {
9305 errorf(HERE, "continue statement not within loop");
9308 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CONTINUE);
9316 * Parse a break statement.
9318 static statement_t *parse_break(void)
9320 if (current_switch == NULL && current_loop == NULL) {
9321 errorf(HERE, "break statement not within loop or switch");
9324 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_BREAK);
9332 * Parse a __leave statement.
9334 static statement_t *parse_leave_statement(void)
9336 if (current_try == NULL) {
9337 errorf(HERE, "__leave statement not within __try");
9340 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LEAVE);
9348 * Check if a given entity represents a local variable.
9350 static bool is_local_variable(const entity_t *entity)
9352 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
9355 switch ((storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class) {
9356 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
9357 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: {
9358 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
9359 if (is_type_function(type)) {
9371 * Check if a given expression represents a local variable.
9373 static bool expression_is_local_variable(const expression_t *expression)
9375 if (expression->base.kind != EXPR_REFERENCE) {
9378 const entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
9379 return is_local_variable(entity);
9382 static void err_or_warn(source_position_t const *const pos, char const *const msg)
9384 if (c_mode & _CXX || strict_mode) {
9387 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, msg);
9392 * Parse a return statement.
9394 static statement_t *parse_return(void)
9396 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_RETURN);
9399 expression_t *return_value = NULL;
9400 if (token.kind != ';') {
9401 return_value = parse_expression();
9402 mark_vars_read(return_value, NULL);
9405 const type_t *const func_type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
9406 assert(is_type_function(func_type));
9407 type_t *const return_type = skip_typeref(func_type->function.return_type);
9409 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9410 if (return_value != NULL) {
9411 type_t *return_value_type = skip_typeref(return_value->base.type);
9413 if (is_type_void(return_type)) {
9414 if (!is_type_void(return_value_type)) {
9415 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:2 */
9416 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9417 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with a value, in function returning 'void'");
9418 } else if (!(c_mode & _CXX)) { /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9419 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9420 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with expression in function returning 'void'");
9423 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(return_type, return_value);
9424 report_assign_error(error, return_type, return_value, "'return'",
9427 return_value = create_implicit_cast(return_value, return_type);
9428 /* check for returning address of a local var */
9429 if (return_value != NULL && return_value->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
9430 const expression_t *expression = return_value->unary.value;
9431 if (expression_is_local_variable(expression)) {
9432 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "function returns address of local variable");
9435 } else if (!is_type_void(return_type)) {
9436 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9437 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' without value, in function returning non-void");
9439 statement->returns.value = return_value;
9446 * Parse a declaration statement.
9448 static statement_t *parse_declaration_statement(void)
9450 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9452 entity_t *before = current_scope->last_entity;
9454 parse_external_declaration();
9456 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9459 declaration_statement_t *const decl = &statement->declaration;
9460 entity_t *const begin =
9461 before != NULL ? before->base.next : current_scope->entities;
9462 decl->declarations_begin = begin;
9463 decl->declarations_end = begin != NULL ? current_scope->last_entity : NULL;
9469 * Parse an expression statement, ie. expr ';'.
9471 static statement_t *parse_expression_statement(void)
9473 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
9475 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
9476 statement->expression.expression = expr;
9477 mark_vars_read(expr, ENT_ANY);
9484 * Parse a microsoft __try { } __finally { } or
9485 * __try{ } __except() { }
9487 static statement_t *parse_ms_try_statment(void)
9489 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_MS_TRY);
9492 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9494 ms_try_statement_t *rem = current_try;
9495 current_try = &statement->ms_try;
9496 statement->ms_try.try_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9501 if (next_if(T___except)) {
9502 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9503 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9504 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9505 type = promote_integer(type);
9506 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9507 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9508 "__expect expression is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9509 type = type_error_type;
9511 statement->ms_try.except_expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9512 } else if (!next_if(T__finally)) {
9513 parse_error_expected("while parsing __try statement", T___except, T___finally, NULL);
9515 statement->ms_try.final_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9519 static statement_t *parse_empty_statement(void)
9521 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_STATEMENT, HERE, "statement is empty");
9522 statement_t *const statement = create_empty_statement();
9527 static statement_t *parse_local_label_declaration(void)
9529 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9533 entity_t *begin = NULL;
9534 entity_t *end = NULL;
9535 entity_t **anchor = &begin;
9536 add_anchor_token(';');
9537 add_anchor_token(',');
9539 source_position_t pos;
9540 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing local label declaration", &pos);
9542 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
9543 if (entity != NULL && entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
9544 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
9545 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
9547 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, symbol, &pos);
9548 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9551 anchor = &entity->base.next;
9554 environment_push(entity);
9557 } while (next_if(','));
9558 rem_anchor_token(',');
9559 rem_anchor_token(';');
9561 statement->declaration.declarations_begin = begin;
9562 statement->declaration.declarations_end = end;
9566 static void parse_namespace_definition(void)
9570 entity_t *entity = NULL;
9571 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
9573 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
9574 symbol = token.base.symbol;
9575 entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
9576 if (entity && entity->kind != ENTITY_NAMESPACE) {
9578 if (entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
9579 error_redefined_as_different_kind(HERE, entity, ENTITY_NAMESPACE);
9585 if (entity == NULL) {
9586 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_NAMESPACE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
9587 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9590 if (token.kind == '=') {
9591 /* TODO: parse namespace alias */
9592 panic("namespace alias definition not supported yet");
9595 environment_push(entity);
9596 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
9598 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->namespacee.members);
9599 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
9601 add_anchor_token('}');
9604 rem_anchor_token('}');
9607 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
9612 * Parse a statement.
9613 * There's also parse_statement() which additionally checks for
9614 * "statement has no effect" warnings
9616 static statement_t *intern_parse_statement(void)
9618 /* declaration or statement */
9619 statement_t *statement;
9620 switch (token.kind) {
9621 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
9622 token_kind_t la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
9623 if (la1_type == ':') {
9624 statement = parse_label_statement();
9625 } else if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
9626 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9628 /* it's an identifier, the grammar says this must be an
9629 * expression statement. However it is common that users mistype
9630 * declaration types, so we guess a bit here to improve robustness
9631 * for incorrect programs */
9635 if (get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL) != NULL) {
9637 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9641 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9649 case T___extension__: {
9650 /* This can be a prefix to a declaration or an expression statement.
9651 * We simply eat it now and parse the rest with tail recursion. */
9653 statement = intern_parse_statement();
9659 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9663 statement = parse_local_label_declaration();
9666 case ';': statement = parse_empty_statement(); break;
9667 case '{': statement = parse_compound_statement(false); break;
9668 case T___leave: statement = parse_leave_statement(); break;
9669 case T___try: statement = parse_ms_try_statment(); break;
9670 case T_asm: statement = parse_asm_statement(); break;
9671 case T_break: statement = parse_break(); break;
9672 case T_case: statement = parse_case_statement(); break;
9673 case T_continue: statement = parse_continue(); break;
9674 case T_default: statement = parse_default_statement(); break;
9675 case T_do: statement = parse_do(); break;
9676 case T_for: statement = parse_for(); break;
9677 case T_goto: statement = parse_goto(); break;
9678 case T_if: statement = parse_if(); break;
9679 case T_return: statement = parse_return(); break;
9680 case T_switch: statement = parse_switch(); break;
9681 case T_while: statement = parse_while(); break;
9684 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9688 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K while parsing statement", &token);
9689 statement = create_error_statement();
9698 * parse a statement and emits "statement has no effect" warning if needed
9699 * (This is really a wrapper around intern_parse_statement with check for 1
9700 * single warning. It is needed, because for statement expressions we have
9701 * to avoid the warning on the last statement)
9703 static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
9705 statement_t *statement = intern_parse_statement();
9707 if (statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
9708 expression_t *expression = statement->expression.expression;
9709 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9710 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9718 * Parse a compound statement.
9720 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement)
9722 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
9724 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9725 PUSH_SCOPE(&statement->compound.scope);
9728 add_anchor_token('}');
9729 /* tokens, which can start a statement */
9730 /* TODO MS, __builtin_FOO */
9731 add_anchor_token('!');
9732 add_anchor_token('&');
9733 add_anchor_token('(');
9734 add_anchor_token('*');
9735 add_anchor_token('+');
9736 add_anchor_token('-');
9737 add_anchor_token(';');
9738 add_anchor_token('{');
9739 add_anchor_token('~');
9740 add_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9741 add_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9742 add_anchor_token(T_FLOATINGPOINT);
9743 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9744 add_anchor_token(T_INTEGER);
9745 add_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9746 add_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9747 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9748 add_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9749 add_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9750 add_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9751 add_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9752 add_anchor_token(T___alignof__);
9753 add_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9754 add_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9755 add_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9756 add_anchor_token(T___func__);
9757 add_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9758 add_anchor_token(T___label__);
9759 add_anchor_token(T___real__);
9760 add_anchor_token(T___thread);
9761 add_anchor_token(T_asm);
9762 add_anchor_token(T_auto);
9763 add_anchor_token(T_bool);
9764 add_anchor_token(T_break);
9765 add_anchor_token(T_case);
9766 add_anchor_token(T_char);
9767 add_anchor_token(T_class);
9768 add_anchor_token(T_const);
9769 add_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9770 add_anchor_token(T_continue);
9771 add_anchor_token(T_default);
9772 add_anchor_token(T_delete);
9773 add_anchor_token(T_double);
9774 add_anchor_token(T_do);
9775 add_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9776 add_anchor_token(T_enum);
9777 add_anchor_token(T_extern);
9778 add_anchor_token(T_false);
9779 add_anchor_token(T_float);
9780 add_anchor_token(T_for);
9781 add_anchor_token(T_goto);
9782 add_anchor_token(T_if);
9783 add_anchor_token(T_inline);
9784 add_anchor_token(T_int);
9785 add_anchor_token(T_long);
9786 add_anchor_token(T_new);
9787 add_anchor_token(T_operator);
9788 add_anchor_token(T_register);
9789 add_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9790 add_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9791 add_anchor_token(T_return);
9792 add_anchor_token(T_short);
9793 add_anchor_token(T_signed);
9794 add_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9795 add_anchor_token(T_static);
9796 add_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9797 add_anchor_token(T_struct);
9798 add_anchor_token(T_switch);
9799 add_anchor_token(T_template);
9800 add_anchor_token(T_this);
9801 add_anchor_token(T_throw);
9802 add_anchor_token(T_true);
9803 add_anchor_token(T_try);
9804 add_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9805 add_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9806 add_anchor_token(T_typename);
9807 add_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9808 add_anchor_token(T_union);
9809 add_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9810 add_anchor_token(T_using);
9811 add_anchor_token(T_void);
9812 add_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9813 add_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9814 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9816 statement_t **anchor = &statement->compound.statements;
9817 bool only_decls_so_far = true;
9818 while (token.kind != '}' && token.kind != T_EOF) {
9819 statement_t *sub_statement = intern_parse_statement();
9820 if (sub_statement->kind == STATEMENT_ERROR) {
9824 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_DECLARATION) {
9825 only_decls_so_far = false;
9826 } else if (!only_decls_so_far) {
9827 source_position_t const *const pos = &sub_statement->base.source_position;
9828 warningf(WARN_DECLARATION_AFTER_STATEMENT, pos, "ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code");
9831 *anchor = sub_statement;
9832 anchor = &sub_statement->base.next;
9836 /* look over all statements again to produce no effect warnings */
9837 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE)) {
9838 statement_t *sub_statement = statement->compound.statements;
9839 for (; sub_statement != NULL; sub_statement = sub_statement->base.next) {
9840 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_EXPRESSION)
9842 /* don't emit a warning for the last expression in an expression
9843 * statement as it has always an effect */
9844 if (inside_expression_statement && sub_statement->base.next == NULL)
9847 expression_t *expression = sub_statement->expression.expression;
9848 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9849 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9854 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9855 rem_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9856 rem_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9857 rem_anchor_token(T_void);
9858 rem_anchor_token(T_using);
9859 rem_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9860 rem_anchor_token(T_union);
9861 rem_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9862 rem_anchor_token(T_typename);
9863 rem_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9864 rem_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9865 rem_anchor_token(T_try);
9866 rem_anchor_token(T_true);
9867 rem_anchor_token(T_throw);
9868 rem_anchor_token(T_this);
9869 rem_anchor_token(T_template);
9870 rem_anchor_token(T_switch);
9871 rem_anchor_token(T_struct);
9872 rem_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9873 rem_anchor_token(T_static);
9874 rem_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9875 rem_anchor_token(T_signed);
9876 rem_anchor_token(T_short);
9877 rem_anchor_token(T_return);
9878 rem_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9879 rem_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9880 rem_anchor_token(T_register);
9881 rem_anchor_token(T_operator);
9882 rem_anchor_token(T_new);
9883 rem_anchor_token(T_long);
9884 rem_anchor_token(T_int);
9885 rem_anchor_token(T_inline);
9886 rem_anchor_token(T_if);
9887 rem_anchor_token(T_goto);
9888 rem_anchor_token(T_for);
9889 rem_anchor_token(T_float);
9890 rem_anchor_token(T_false);
9891 rem_anchor_token(T_extern);
9892 rem_anchor_token(T_enum);
9893 rem_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9894 rem_anchor_token(T_do);
9895 rem_anchor_token(T_double);
9896 rem_anchor_token(T_delete);
9897 rem_anchor_token(T_default);
9898 rem_anchor_token(T_continue);
9899 rem_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9900 rem_anchor_token(T_const);
9901 rem_anchor_token(T_class);
9902 rem_anchor_token(T_char);
9903 rem_anchor_token(T_case);
9904 rem_anchor_token(T_break);
9905 rem_anchor_token(T_bool);
9906 rem_anchor_token(T_auto);
9907 rem_anchor_token(T_asm);
9908 rem_anchor_token(T___thread);
9909 rem_anchor_token(T___real__);
9910 rem_anchor_token(T___label__);
9911 rem_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9912 rem_anchor_token(T___func__);
9913 rem_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9914 rem_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9915 rem_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9916 rem_anchor_token(T___alignof__);
9917 rem_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9918 rem_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9919 rem_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9920 rem_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9921 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9922 rem_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9923 rem_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9924 rem_anchor_token(T_INTEGER);
9925 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9926 rem_anchor_token(T_FLOATINGPOINT);
9927 rem_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9928 rem_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9929 rem_anchor_token('~');
9930 rem_anchor_token('{');
9931 rem_anchor_token(';');
9932 rem_anchor_token('-');
9933 rem_anchor_token('+');
9934 rem_anchor_token('*');
9935 rem_anchor_token('(');
9936 rem_anchor_token('&');
9937 rem_anchor_token('!');
9938 rem_anchor_token('}');
9946 * Check for unused global static functions and variables
9948 static void check_unused_globals(void)
9950 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION) && !is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE))
9953 for (const entity_t *entity = file_scope->entities; entity != NULL;
9954 entity = entity->base.next) {
9955 if (!is_declaration(entity))
9958 const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
9959 if (declaration->used ||
9960 declaration->modifiers & DM_UNUSED ||
9961 declaration->modifiers & DM_USED ||
9962 declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
9967 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
9968 /* inhibit warning for static inline functions */
9969 if (entity->function.is_inline)
9972 why = WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION;
9973 s = entity->function.statement != NULL ? "defined" : "declared";
9975 why = WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE;
9979 warningf(why, &declaration->base.source_position, "'%#N' %s but not used", entity, s);
9983 static void parse_global_asm(void)
9985 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
9988 add_anchor_token(';');
9989 add_anchor_token(')');
9990 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9993 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9994 statement->asms.asm_text = parse_string_literals("global asm");
9995 statement->base.next = unit->global_asm;
9996 unit->global_asm = statement;
9998 rem_anchor_token(')');
10000 rem_anchor_token(';');
10004 static void parse_linkage_specification(void)
10008 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
10009 char const *const linkage = parse_string_literals(NULL).begin;
10011 linkage_kind_t old_linkage = current_linkage;
10012 linkage_kind_t new_linkage;
10013 if (streq(linkage, "C")) {
10014 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10015 } else if (streq(linkage, "C++")) {
10016 new_linkage = LINKAGE_CXX;
10018 errorf(&pos, "linkage string \"%s\" not recognized", linkage);
10019 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10021 current_linkage = new_linkage;
10023 if (next_if('{')) {
10030 assert(current_linkage == new_linkage);
10031 current_linkage = old_linkage;
10034 static void parse_external(void)
10036 switch (token.kind) {
10038 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
10039 parse_linkage_specification();
10041 DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN
10043 case T___extension__:
10044 /* tokens below are for implicit int */
10045 case '&': /* & x; -> int& x; (and error later, because C++ has no
10047 case '*': /* * x; -> int* x; */
10048 case '(': /* (x); -> int (x); */
10050 parse_external_declaration();
10056 parse_global_asm();
10060 parse_namespace_definition();
10064 if (!strict_mode) {
10065 warningf(WARN_STRAY_SEMICOLON, HERE, "stray ';' outside of function");
10072 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10073 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10074 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10080 static void parse_externals(void)
10082 add_anchor_token('}');
10083 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10086 /* make a copy of the anchor set, so we can check if it is restored after parsing */
10087 unsigned short token_anchor_copy[T_LAST_TOKEN];
10088 memcpy(token_anchor_copy, token_anchor_set, sizeof(token_anchor_copy));
10091 while (token.kind != T_EOF && token.kind != '}') {
10093 for (int i = 0; i < T_LAST_TOKEN; ++i) {
10094 unsigned short count = token_anchor_set[i] - token_anchor_copy[i];
10096 /* the anchor set and its copy differs */
10097 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked anchor token %k %d times", i, count);
10100 if (in_gcc_extension) {
10101 /* an gcc extension scope was not closed */
10102 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked __extension__");
10109 rem_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10110 rem_anchor_token('}');
10114 * Parse a translation unit.
10116 static void parse_translation_unit(void)
10118 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10123 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
10126 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10127 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10128 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10133 void set_default_visibility(elf_visibility_tag_t visibility)
10135 default_visibility = visibility;
10141 * @return the translation unit or NULL if errors occurred.
10143 void start_parsing(void)
10145 environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10146 label_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10150 print_to_file(stderr);
10152 assert(unit == NULL);
10153 unit = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unit[0]));
10155 assert(file_scope == NULL);
10156 file_scope = &unit->scope;
10158 assert(current_scope == NULL);
10159 scope_push(&unit->scope);
10161 create_gnu_builtins();
10163 create_microsoft_intrinsics();
10166 translation_unit_t *finish_parsing(void)
10168 assert(current_scope == &unit->scope);
10171 assert(file_scope == &unit->scope);
10172 check_unused_globals();
10175 DEL_ARR_F(environment_stack);
10176 DEL_ARR_F(label_stack);
10178 translation_unit_t *result = unit;
10183 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
10184 * are given length one. */
10185 static void complete_incomplete_arrays(void)
10187 size_t n = ARR_LEN(incomplete_arrays);
10188 for (size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
10189 declaration_t *const decl = incomplete_arrays[i];
10190 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
10192 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
10195 source_position_t const *const pos = &decl->base.source_position;
10196 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "array '%#N' assumed to have one element", (entity_t const*)decl);
10198 type_t *const new_type = duplicate_type(type);
10199 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
10200 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
10201 new_type->array.size = 1;
10203 type_t *const result = identify_new_type(new_type);
10205 decl->type = result;
10209 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t *const entity)
10211 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.statement->compound.scope);
10213 // create call to __main
10214 symbol_t *symbol = symbol_table_insert("__main");
10215 entity_t *subsubmain_ent
10216 = create_implicit_function(symbol, &builtin_source_position);
10218 expression_t *ref = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_REFERENCE);
10219 type_t *ftype = subsubmain_ent->declaration.type;
10220 ref->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10221 ref->base.type = make_pointer_type(ftype, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
10222 ref->reference.entity = subsubmain_ent;
10224 expression_t *call = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
10225 call->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10226 call->base.type = type_void;
10227 call->call.function = ref;
10229 statement_t *expr_statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
10230 expr_statement->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10231 expr_statement->expression.expression = call;
10233 statement_t *statement = entity->function.statement;
10234 assert(statement->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
10235 compound_statement_t *compounds = &statement->compound;
10237 expr_statement->base.next = compounds->statements;
10238 compounds->statements = expr_statement;
10245 lookahead_bufpos = 0;
10246 for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOKAHEAD + 2; ++i) {
10249 current_linkage = c_mode & _CXX ? LINKAGE_CXX : LINKAGE_C;
10250 incomplete_arrays = NEW_ARR_F(declaration_t*, 0);
10251 parse_translation_unit();
10252 complete_incomplete_arrays();
10253 DEL_ARR_F(incomplete_arrays);
10254 incomplete_arrays = NULL;
10258 * Initialize the parser.
10260 void init_parser(void)
10262 sym_anonymous = symbol_table_insert("<anonymous>");
10264 memset(token_anchor_set, 0, sizeof(token_anchor_set));
10266 init_expression_parsers();
10267 obstack_init(&temp_obst);
10271 * Terminate the parser.
10273 void exit_parser(void)
10275 obstack_free(&temp_obst, NULL);