2 * This file is part of cparser.
3 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
8 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
26 #include "adt/strutil.h"
28 #include "diagnostic.h"
29 #include "format_check.h"
35 #include "type_hash.h"
38 #include "attribute_t.h"
39 #include "lang_features.h"
43 #include "adt/bitfiddle.h"
44 #include "adt/error.h"
45 #include "adt/array.h"
47 //#define PRINT_TOKENS
48 #define MAX_LOOKAHEAD 1
53 entity_namespace_t namespc;
56 typedef struct declaration_specifiers_t declaration_specifiers_t;
57 struct declaration_specifiers_t {
58 source_position_t source_position;
59 storage_class_t storage_class;
60 unsigned char alignment; /**< Alignment, 0 if not set. */
62 bool thread_local : 1; /**< GCC __thread */
63 attribute_t *attributes; /**< list of attributes */
68 * An environment for parsing initializers (and compound literals).
70 typedef struct parse_initializer_env_t {
71 type_t *type; /**< the type of the initializer. In case of an
72 array type with unspecified size this gets
73 adjusted to the actual size. */
74 entity_t *entity; /**< the variable that is initialized if any */
75 bool must_be_constant;
76 } parse_initializer_env_t;
78 typedef entity_t* (*parsed_declaration_func) (entity_t *declaration, bool is_definition);
80 /** The current token. */
82 /** The lookahead ring-buffer. */
83 static token_t lookahead_buffer[MAX_LOOKAHEAD];
84 /** Position of the next token in the lookahead buffer. */
85 static size_t lookahead_bufpos;
86 static stack_entry_t *environment_stack = NULL;
87 static stack_entry_t *label_stack = NULL;
88 static scope_t *file_scope = NULL;
89 static scope_t *current_scope = NULL;
90 /** Point to the current function declaration if inside a function. */
91 static function_t *current_function = NULL;
92 static entity_t *current_entity = NULL;
93 static switch_statement_t *current_switch = NULL;
94 static statement_t *current_loop = NULL;
95 static statement_t *current_parent = NULL;
96 static ms_try_statement_t *current_try = NULL;
97 static linkage_kind_t current_linkage;
98 static goto_statement_t *goto_first = NULL;
99 static goto_statement_t **goto_anchor = NULL;
100 static label_statement_t *label_first = NULL;
101 static label_statement_t **label_anchor = NULL;
102 /** current translation unit. */
103 static translation_unit_t *unit = NULL;
104 /** true if we are in an __extension__ context. */
105 static bool in_gcc_extension = false;
106 static struct obstack temp_obst;
107 static entity_t *anonymous_entity;
108 static declaration_t **incomplete_arrays;
109 static elf_visibility_tag_t default_visibility = ELF_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT;
112 #define PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity) \
113 entity_t *const new_current_entity = (entity); \
114 entity_t *const old_current_entity = current_entity; \
115 ((void)(current_entity = new_current_entity))
116 #define POP_CURRENT_ENTITY() (assert(current_entity == new_current_entity), (void)(current_entity = old_current_entity))
118 #define PUSH_PARENT(stmt) \
119 statement_t *const new_parent = (stmt); \
120 statement_t *const old_parent = current_parent; \
121 ((void)(current_parent = new_parent))
122 #define POP_PARENT() (assert(current_parent == new_parent), (void)(current_parent = old_parent))
124 #define PUSH_SCOPE(scope) \
125 size_t const top = environment_top(); \
126 scope_t *const new_scope = (scope); \
127 scope_t *const old_scope = (new_scope ? scope_push(new_scope) : NULL)
128 #define PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(scope) PUSH_SCOPE(c_mode & (_C99 | _CXX) ? (scope) : NULL)
129 #define POP_SCOPE() (new_scope ? assert(current_scope == new_scope), scope_pop(old_scope), environment_pop_to(top) : (void)0)
131 #define PUSH_EXTENSION() \
133 bool const old_gcc_extension = in_gcc_extension; \
134 while (next_if(T___extension__)) { \
135 in_gcc_extension = true; \
138 #define POP_EXTENSION() \
139 ((void)(in_gcc_extension = old_gcc_extension))
141 /** special symbol used for anonymous entities. */
142 static symbol_t *sym_anonymous = NULL;
144 /** The token anchor set */
145 static unsigned short token_anchor_set[T_LAST_TOKEN];
147 /** The current source position. */
148 #define HERE (&token.base.source_position)
150 /** true if we are in GCC mode. */
151 #define GNU_MODE ((c_mode & _GNUC) || in_gcc_extension)
153 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement);
154 static statement_t *parse_statement(void);
156 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t);
157 static expression_t *parse_expression(void);
158 static type_t *parse_typename(void);
159 static void parse_externals(void);
160 static void parse_external(void);
162 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound_declaration);
164 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
165 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos);
167 typedef enum declarator_flags_t {
169 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT = 1U << 0,
170 DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER = 1U << 1,
171 DECL_IS_PARAMETER = 1U << 2
172 } declarator_flags_t;
174 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
175 declarator_flags_t flags);
177 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression);
179 #define STORAGE_CLASSES \
180 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
183 #define STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
190 #define TYPE_QUALIFIERS \
195 case T__forceinline: \
196 case T___attribute__:
198 #define COMPLEX_SPECIFIERS \
200 #define IMAGINARY_SPECIFIERS \
203 #define TYPE_SPECIFIERS \
205 case T___builtin_va_list: \
230 #define DECLARATION_START \
235 #define DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN \
236 STORAGE_CLASSES_NO_EXTERN \
240 #define EXPRESSION_START \
249 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: \
250 case T_FLOATINGPOINT: \
254 case T_STRING_LITERAL: \
255 case T_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: \
256 case T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL: \
257 case T___FUNCDNAME__: \
258 case T___FUNCSIG__: \
259 case T___FUNCTION__: \
260 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: \
261 case T___alignof__: \
262 case T___builtin_classify_type: \
263 case T___builtin_constant_p: \
264 case T___builtin_isgreater: \
265 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal: \
266 case T___builtin_isless: \
267 case T___builtin_islessequal: \
268 case T___builtin_islessgreater: \
269 case T___builtin_isunordered: \
270 case T___builtin_offsetof: \
271 case T___builtin_va_arg: \
272 case T___builtin_va_copy: \
273 case T___builtin_va_start: \
284 * Returns the size of a statement node.
286 * @param kind the statement kind
288 static size_t get_statement_struct_size(statement_kind_t kind)
290 static const size_t sizes[] = {
291 [STATEMENT_ERROR] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
292 [STATEMENT_EMPTY] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
293 [STATEMENT_COMPOUND] = sizeof(compound_statement_t),
294 [STATEMENT_RETURN] = sizeof(return_statement_t),
295 [STATEMENT_DECLARATION] = sizeof(declaration_statement_t),
296 [STATEMENT_IF] = sizeof(if_statement_t),
297 [STATEMENT_SWITCH] = sizeof(switch_statement_t),
298 [STATEMENT_EXPRESSION] = sizeof(expression_statement_t),
299 [STATEMENT_CONTINUE] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
300 [STATEMENT_BREAK] = sizeof(statement_base_t),
301 [STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO] = sizeof(computed_goto_statement_t),
302 [STATEMENT_GOTO] = sizeof(goto_statement_t),
303 [STATEMENT_LABEL] = sizeof(label_statement_t),
304 [STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL] = sizeof(case_label_statement_t),
305 [STATEMENT_WHILE] = sizeof(while_statement_t),
306 [STATEMENT_DO_WHILE] = sizeof(do_while_statement_t),
307 [STATEMENT_FOR] = sizeof(for_statement_t),
308 [STATEMENT_ASM] = sizeof(asm_statement_t),
309 [STATEMENT_MS_TRY] = sizeof(ms_try_statement_t),
310 [STATEMENT_LEAVE] = sizeof(leave_statement_t)
312 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
313 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
318 * Returns the size of an expression node.
320 * @param kind the expression kind
322 static size_t get_expression_struct_size(expression_kind_t kind)
324 static const size_t sizes[] = {
325 [EXPR_ERROR] = sizeof(expression_base_t),
326 [EXPR_REFERENCE] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
327 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT] = sizeof(reference_expression_t),
328 [EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
329 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
330 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
331 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
332 [EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER] = sizeof(literal_expression_t),
333 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
334 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL] = sizeof(string_literal_expression_t),
335 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL] = sizeof(compound_literal_expression_t),
336 [EXPR_CALL] = sizeof(call_expression_t),
337 [EXPR_UNARY_FIRST] = sizeof(unary_expression_t),
338 [EXPR_BINARY_FIRST] = sizeof(binary_expression_t),
339 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL] = sizeof(conditional_expression_t),
340 [EXPR_SELECT] = sizeof(select_expression_t),
341 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS] = sizeof(array_access_expression_t),
342 [EXPR_SIZEOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
343 [EXPR_ALIGNOF] = sizeof(typeprop_expression_t),
344 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE] = sizeof(classify_type_expression_t),
345 [EXPR_FUNCNAME] = sizeof(funcname_expression_t),
346 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P] = sizeof(builtin_constant_expression_t),
347 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = sizeof(builtin_types_compatible_expression_t),
348 [EXPR_OFFSETOF] = sizeof(offsetof_expression_t),
349 [EXPR_VA_START] = sizeof(va_start_expression_t),
350 [EXPR_VA_ARG] = sizeof(va_arg_expression_t),
351 [EXPR_VA_COPY] = sizeof(va_copy_expression_t),
352 [EXPR_STATEMENT] = sizeof(statement_expression_t),
353 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS] = sizeof(label_address_expression_t),
355 if (kind >= EXPR_UNARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_UNARY_LAST) {
356 return sizes[EXPR_UNARY_FIRST];
358 if (kind >= EXPR_BINARY_FIRST && kind <= EXPR_BINARY_LAST) {
359 return sizes[EXPR_BINARY_FIRST];
361 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
362 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
367 * Allocate a statement node of given kind and initialize all
368 * fields with zero. Sets its source position to the position
369 * of the current token.
371 static statement_t *allocate_statement_zero(statement_kind_t kind)
373 size_t size = get_statement_struct_size(kind);
374 statement_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
376 res->base.kind = kind;
377 res->base.parent = current_parent;
378 res->base.source_position = token.base.source_position;
383 * Allocate an expression node of given kind and initialize all
386 * @param kind the kind of the expression to allocate
388 static expression_t *allocate_expression_zero(expression_kind_t kind)
390 size_t size = get_expression_struct_size(kind);
391 expression_t *res = allocate_ast_zero(size);
393 res->base.kind = kind;
394 res->base.type = type_error_type;
395 res->base.source_position = token.base.source_position;
400 * Creates a new invalid expression at the source position
401 * of the current token.
403 static expression_t *create_error_expression(void)
405 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ERROR);
406 expression->base.type = type_error_type;
411 * Creates a new invalid statement.
413 static statement_t *create_error_statement(void)
415 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ERROR);
419 * Allocate a new empty statement.
421 static statement_t *create_empty_statement(void)
423 return allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EMPTY);
427 * Returns the size of an initializer node.
429 * @param kind the initializer kind
431 static size_t get_initializer_size(initializer_kind_t kind)
433 static const size_t sizes[] = {
434 [INITIALIZER_VALUE] = sizeof(initializer_value_t),
435 [INITIALIZER_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_string_t),
436 [INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING] = sizeof(initializer_wide_string_t),
437 [INITIALIZER_LIST] = sizeof(initializer_list_t),
438 [INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR] = sizeof(initializer_designator_t)
440 assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(sizes));
441 assert(sizes[kind] != 0);
446 * Allocate an initializer node of given kind and initialize all
449 static initializer_t *allocate_initializer_zero(initializer_kind_t kind)
451 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(get_initializer_size(kind));
458 * Returns the index of the top element of the environment stack.
460 static size_t environment_top(void)
462 return ARR_LEN(environment_stack);
466 * Returns the index of the top element of the global label stack.
468 static size_t label_top(void)
470 return ARR_LEN(label_stack);
474 * Return the next token.
476 static inline void next_token(void)
478 token = lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos];
479 lookahead_buffer[lookahead_bufpos] = lexer_token;
482 lookahead_bufpos = (lookahead_bufpos + 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
485 print_token(stderr, &token);
486 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
490 static inline bool next_if(token_kind_t const type)
492 if (token.kind == type) {
501 * Return the next token with a given lookahead.
503 static inline const token_t *look_ahead(size_t num)
505 assert(0 < num && num <= MAX_LOOKAHEAD);
506 size_t pos = (lookahead_bufpos + num - 1) % MAX_LOOKAHEAD;
507 return &lookahead_buffer[pos];
511 * Adds a token type to the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
513 static void add_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
515 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
516 ++token_anchor_set[token_kind];
520 * Remove a token type from the token type anchor set (a multi-set).
522 static void rem_anchor_token(token_kind_t const token_kind)
524 assert(token_kind < T_LAST_TOKEN);
525 assert(token_anchor_set[token_kind] != 0);
526 --token_anchor_set[token_kind];
530 * Eat tokens until a matching token type is found.
532 static void eat_until_matching_token(token_kind_t const type)
534 token_kind_t end_token;
536 case '(': end_token = ')'; break;
537 case '{': end_token = '}'; break;
538 case '[': end_token = ']'; break;
539 default: end_token = type; break;
542 unsigned parenthesis_count = 0;
543 unsigned brace_count = 0;
544 unsigned bracket_count = 0;
545 while (token.kind != end_token ||
546 parenthesis_count != 0 ||
548 bracket_count != 0) {
549 switch (token.kind) {
551 case '(': ++parenthesis_count; break;
552 case '{': ++brace_count; break;
553 case '[': ++bracket_count; break;
556 if (parenthesis_count > 0)
566 if (bracket_count > 0)
569 if (token.kind == end_token &&
570 parenthesis_count == 0 &&
584 * Eat input tokens until an anchor is found.
586 static void eat_until_anchor(void)
588 while (token_anchor_set[token.kind] == 0) {
589 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
590 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
596 * Eat a whole block from input tokens.
598 static void eat_block(void)
600 eat_until_matching_token('{');
604 #define eat(token_kind) (assert(token.kind == (token_kind)), next_token())
607 * Report a parse error because an expected token was not found.
610 #if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
611 __attribute__((sentinel))
613 void parse_error_expected(const char *message, ...)
615 if (message != NULL) {
616 errorf(HERE, "%s", message);
619 va_start(ap, message);
620 errorf(HERE, "got %K, expected %#k", &token, &ap, ", ");
625 * Report an incompatible type.
627 static void type_error_incompatible(const char *msg,
628 const source_position_t *source_position, type_t *type1, type_t *type2)
630 errorf(source_position, "%s, incompatible types: '%T' - '%T'",
635 * Expect the current token is the expected token.
636 * If not, generate an error and skip until the next anchor.
638 static void expect(token_kind_t const expected)
640 if (UNLIKELY(token.kind != expected)) {
641 parse_error_expected(NULL, expected, NULL);
642 add_anchor_token(expected);
644 rem_anchor_token(expected);
645 if (token.kind != expected)
651 static symbol_t *expect_identifier(char const *const context, source_position_t *const pos)
653 if (token.kind != T_IDENTIFIER) {
654 parse_error_expected(context, T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
655 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
657 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
658 if (token.kind != T_IDENTIFIER)
661 symbol_t *const sym = token.base.symbol;
669 * Push a given scope on the scope stack and make it the
672 static scope_t *scope_push(scope_t *new_scope)
674 if (current_scope != NULL) {
675 new_scope->depth = current_scope->depth + 1;
678 scope_t *old_scope = current_scope;
679 current_scope = new_scope;
684 * Pop the current scope from the scope stack.
686 static void scope_pop(scope_t *old_scope)
688 current_scope = old_scope;
692 * Search an entity by its symbol in a given namespace.
694 static entity_t *get_entity(const symbol_t *const symbol,
695 namespace_tag_t namespc)
697 entity_t *entity = symbol->entity;
698 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.symbol_next) {
699 if ((namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
706 /* §6.2.3:1 24) There is only one name space for tags even though three are
708 static entity_t *get_tag(symbol_t const *const symbol,
709 entity_kind_tag_t const kind)
711 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_TAG);
712 if (entity != NULL && (entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind != kind) {
714 "'%Y' defined as wrong kind of tag (previous definition %P)",
715 symbol, &entity->base.source_position);
722 * pushs an entity on the environment stack and links the corresponding symbol
725 static void stack_push(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, entity_t *entity)
727 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
728 entity_namespace_t namespc = entity->base.namespc;
729 assert(namespc != 0);
731 /* replace/add entity into entity list of the symbol */
734 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
739 /* replace an entry? */
740 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc) {
741 entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
747 /* remember old declaration */
749 entry.symbol = symbol;
750 entry.old_entity = iter;
751 entry.namespc = namespc;
752 ARR_APP1(stack_entry_t, *stack_ptr, entry);
756 * Push an entity on the environment stack.
758 static void environment_push(entity_t *entity)
760 assert(entity->base.source_position.input_name != NULL);
761 assert(entity->base.parent_scope != NULL);
762 stack_push(&environment_stack, entity);
766 * Push a declaration on the global label stack.
768 * @param declaration the declaration
770 static void label_push(entity_t *label)
772 /* we abuse the parameters scope as parent for the labels */
773 label->base.parent_scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
774 stack_push(&label_stack, label);
778 * pops symbols from the environment stack until @p new_top is the top element
780 static void stack_pop_to(stack_entry_t **stack_ptr, size_t new_top)
782 stack_entry_t *stack = *stack_ptr;
783 size_t top = ARR_LEN(stack);
786 assert(new_top <= top);
790 for (i = top; i > new_top; --i) {
791 stack_entry_t *entry = &stack[i - 1];
793 entity_t *old_entity = entry->old_entity;
794 symbol_t *symbol = entry->symbol;
795 entity_namespace_t namespc = entry->namespc;
797 /* replace with old_entity/remove */
800 for (anchor = &symbol->entity; ; anchor = &iter->base.symbol_next) {
802 assert(iter != NULL);
803 /* replace an entry? */
804 if (iter->base.namespc == namespc)
808 /* restore definition from outer scopes (if there was one) */
809 if (old_entity != NULL) {
810 old_entity->base.symbol_next = iter->base.symbol_next;
811 *anchor = old_entity;
813 /* remove entry from list */
814 *anchor = iter->base.symbol_next;
818 ARR_SHRINKLEN(*stack_ptr, new_top);
822 * Pop all entries from the environment stack until the new_top
825 * @param new_top the new stack top
827 static void environment_pop_to(size_t new_top)
829 stack_pop_to(&environment_stack, new_top);
833 * Pop all entries from the global label stack until the new_top
836 * @param new_top the new stack top
838 static void label_pop_to(size_t new_top)
840 stack_pop_to(&label_stack, new_top);
843 static atomic_type_kind_t get_akind(const type_t *type)
845 assert(type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || type->kind == TYPE_COMPLEX
846 || type->kind == TYPE_IMAGINARY || type->kind == TYPE_ENUM);
847 return type->atomic.akind;
851 * §6.3.1.1:2 Do integer promotion for a given type.
853 * @param type the type to promote
854 * @return the promoted type
856 static type_t *promote_integer(type_t *type)
858 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) < get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT))
865 * Check if a given expression represents a null pointer constant.
867 * @param expression the expression to check
869 static bool is_null_pointer_constant(const expression_t *expression)
871 /* skip void* cast */
872 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
873 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
874 if (types_compatible(type, type_void_ptr))
875 expression = expression->unary.value;
878 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
879 if (!is_type_integer(type))
881 switch (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
882 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return true;
883 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return !fold_constant_to_bool(expression);
884 default: return false;
889 * Create an implicit cast expression.
891 * @param expression the expression to cast
892 * @param dest_type the destination type
894 static expression_t *create_implicit_cast(expression_t *expression,
897 type_t *const source_type = expression->base.type;
899 if (source_type == dest_type)
902 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
903 cast->unary.value = expression;
904 cast->base.type = dest_type;
905 cast->base.implicit = true;
910 typedef enum assign_error_t {
912 ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE,
913 ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING,
914 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE,
915 ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT,
916 ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER
919 static void report_assign_error(assign_error_t error, type_t *orig_type_left, expression_t const *const right, char const *const context, source_position_t const *const pos)
921 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
922 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
923 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
928 case ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE:
929 errorf(pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right);
932 case ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING: {
933 type_t *points_to_left = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
934 type_t *points_to_right = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
936 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
937 unsigned missing_qualifiers = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
938 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s from type '%T' lacks qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type", orig_type_left, context, orig_type_right, missing_qualifiers);
942 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE:
943 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "destination type '%T' in %s is incompatible with '%E' of type '%T'", orig_type_left, context, right, orig_type_right);
946 case ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT:
947 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes pointer '%T' from integer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
950 case ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER:
951 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s makes integer '%T' from pointer '%T' without a cast", context, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
955 panic("invalid error value");
959 /** Implements the rules from §6.5.16.1 */
960 static assign_error_t semantic_assign(type_t *orig_type_left,
961 const expression_t *const right)
963 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
964 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
965 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
967 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
968 if (is_null_pointer_constant(right)) {
969 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
970 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
971 type_t *points_to_left
972 = skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to);
973 type_t *points_to_right
974 = skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to);
975 assign_error_t res = ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
977 /* the left type has all qualifiers from the right type */
978 unsigned missing_qualifiers
979 = points_to_right->base.qualifiers & ~points_to_left->base.qualifiers;
980 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
981 res = ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING;
984 points_to_left = get_unqualified_type(points_to_left);
985 points_to_right = get_unqualified_type(points_to_right);
987 if (is_type_void(points_to_left))
990 if (is_type_void(points_to_right)) {
991 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:6 */
992 return c_mode & _CXX ? ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE : res;
995 if (!types_compatible(points_to_left, points_to_right)) {
996 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_INCOMPATIBLE;
1000 } else if (is_type_integer(type_right)) {
1001 return ASSIGN_WARNING_POINTER_FROM_INT;
1003 } else if ((is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) ||
1004 (is_type_atomic(type_left, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)
1005 && is_type_pointer(type_right))) {
1006 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1007 } else if (is_type_compound(type_left) && is_type_compound(type_right)) {
1008 type_t *const unqual_type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
1009 type_t *const unqual_type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
1010 if (types_compatible(unqual_type_left, unqual_type_right)) {
1011 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1013 } else if (is_type_integer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
1014 return ASSIGN_WARNING_INT_FROM_POINTER;
1017 if (!is_type_valid(type_left) || !is_type_valid(type_right))
1018 return ASSIGN_SUCCESS;
1020 return ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
1023 static expression_t *parse_constant_expression(void)
1025 expression_t *result = parse_subexpression(PREC_CONDITIONAL);
1027 if (is_constant_expression(result) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
1028 errorf(&result->base.source_position,
1029 "expression '%E' is not constant", result);
1035 static expression_t *parse_assignment_expression(void)
1037 return parse_subexpression(PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
1040 static void warn_string_concat(const source_position_t *pos)
1042 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects string constant concatenation");
1045 static string_t parse_string_literals(void)
1047 assert(token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL);
1048 string_t result = token.string.string;
1052 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
1053 warn_string_concat(&token.base.source_position);
1054 result = concat_strings(&result, &token.string.string);
1061 static attribute_t *allocate_attribute_zero(attribute_kind_t kind)
1063 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*attribute));
1064 attribute->kind = kind;
1065 attribute->source_position = *HERE;
1070 * Parse (gcc) attribute argument. From gcc comments in gcc source:
1073 * __attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
1077 * attribute_list , attrib
1082 * any-word ( identifier )
1083 * any-word ( identifier , nonempty-expr-list )
1084 * any-word ( expr-list )
1086 * where the "identifier" must not be declared as a type, and
1087 * "any-word" may be any identifier (including one declared as a
1088 * type), a reserved word storage class specifier, type specifier or
1089 * type qualifier. ??? This still leaves out most reserved keywords
1090 * (following the old parser), shouldn't we include them, and why not
1091 * allow identifiers declared as types to start the arguments?
1093 * Matze: this all looks confusing and little systematic, so we're even less
1094 * strict and parse any list of things which are identifiers or
1095 * (assignment-)expressions.
1097 static attribute_argument_t *parse_attribute_arguments(void)
1099 attribute_argument_t *first = NULL;
1100 attribute_argument_t **anchor = &first;
1101 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1102 attribute_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
1104 /* is it an identifier */
1105 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER
1106 && (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
1107 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_SYMBOL;
1108 argument->v.symbol = token.base.symbol;
1111 /* must be an expression */
1112 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1114 argument->kind = ATTRIBUTE_ARGUMENT_EXPRESSION;
1115 argument->v.expression = expression;
1118 /* append argument */
1120 anchor = &argument->next;
1121 } while (next_if(','));
1126 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_asm(void)
1128 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_GNU_ASM);
1131 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1135 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu_single(void)
1137 /* parse "any-word" */
1138 symbol_t *const symbol = token.base.symbol;
1139 if (symbol == NULL) {
1140 parse_error_expected("while parsing attribute((", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
1144 attribute_kind_t kind;
1145 char const *const name = symbol->string;
1146 for (kind = ATTRIBUTE_GNU_FIRST;; ++kind) {
1147 if (kind > ATTRIBUTE_GNU_LAST) {
1148 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown attribute '%s' ignored", name);
1149 /* TODO: we should still save the attribute in the list... */
1150 kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
1154 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(kind);
1155 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq_underscore(attribute_name, name))
1159 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
1162 /* parse arguments */
1164 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
1169 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_gnu(void)
1171 attribute_t *first = NULL;
1172 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1174 eat(T___attribute__);
1178 add_anchor_token(')');
1179 add_anchor_token(',');
1180 if (token.kind != ')') do {
1181 attribute_t *attribute = parse_attribute_gnu_single();
1183 *anchor = attribute;
1184 anchor = &attribute->next;
1186 } while (next_if(','));
1187 rem_anchor_token(',');
1188 rem_anchor_token(')');
1195 /** Parse attributes. */
1196 static attribute_t *parse_attributes(attribute_t *first)
1198 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
1200 while (*anchor != NULL)
1201 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
1203 attribute_t *attribute;
1204 switch (token.kind) {
1205 case T___attribute__:
1206 attribute = parse_attribute_gnu();
1207 if (attribute == NULL)
1212 attribute = parse_attribute_asm();
1216 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_CDECL);
1221 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FASTCALL);
1225 case T__forceinline:
1226 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_FORCEINLINE);
1227 eat(T__forceinline);
1231 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_STDCALL);
1236 /* TODO record modifier */
1237 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "Ignoring declaration modifier %K", &token);
1238 attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(ATTRIBUTE_MS_THISCALL);
1246 *anchor = attribute;
1247 anchor = &attribute->next;
1251 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *expr, entity_t *lhs_ent);
1253 static entity_t *determine_lhs_ent(expression_t *const expr,
1256 switch (expr->kind) {
1257 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1258 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1259 /* we should only find variables as lvalues... */
1260 if (entity->base.kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1261 && entity->base.kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1267 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1268 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1269 entity_t * ent = NULL;
1270 if (is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1271 ent = determine_lhs_ent(ref, lhs_ent);
1274 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1276 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1281 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1282 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1283 return determine_lhs_ent(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1287 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1288 expression_t *const val = expr->unary.value;
1289 if (val->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
1291 return determine_lhs_ent(val->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1293 mark_vars_read(val, NULL);
1299 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
1304 #define ENT_ANY ((entity_t*)-1)
1307 * Mark declarations, which are read. This is used to detect variables, which
1311 * x is not marked as "read", because it is only read to calculate its own new
1315 * x and y are not detected as "not read", because multiple variables are
1318 static void mark_vars_read(expression_t *const expr, entity_t *lhs_ent)
1320 switch (expr->kind) {
1321 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1322 entity_t *const entity = expr->reference.entity;
1323 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE
1324 && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
1327 if (lhs_ent != entity && lhs_ent != ENT_ANY) {
1328 entity->variable.read = true;
1334 // TODO respect pure/const
1335 mark_vars_read(expr->call.function, NULL);
1336 for (call_argument_t *arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
1337 mark_vars_read(arg->expression, NULL);
1341 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
1342 // TODO lhs_decl should depend on whether true/false have an effect
1343 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.condition, NULL);
1344 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL)
1345 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.true_expression, lhs_ent);
1346 mark_vars_read(expr->conditional.false_expression, lhs_ent);
1350 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY
1351 && !is_type_compound(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1353 mark_vars_read(expr->select.compound, lhs_ent);
1356 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1357 mark_vars_read(expr->array_access.index, lhs_ent);
1358 expression_t *const ref = expr->array_access.array_ref;
1359 if (!is_type_array(skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(ref)))) {
1360 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1363 mark_vars_read(ref, lhs_ent);
1368 mark_vars_read(expr->va_arge.ap, lhs_ent);
1372 mark_vars_read(expr->va_copye.src, lhs_ent);
1375 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1376 /* Special case: Use void cast to mark a variable as "read" */
1377 if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(expr->base.type)))
1382 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1383 if (expr->unary.value == NULL)
1386 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1387 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1388 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1389 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1393 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1394 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1395 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1396 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1397 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1398 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1399 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1400 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1401 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1402 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
1404 mark_vars_read(expr->unary.value, lhs_ent);
1407 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1408 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1409 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1410 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1411 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1412 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1413 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1414 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1415 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1416 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1417 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1418 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1419 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1420 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1421 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1422 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1423 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1424 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1425 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1426 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1427 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1428 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1429 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1430 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1431 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1432 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1433 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1436 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1437 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1438 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1439 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1440 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1441 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1442 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1443 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1444 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1445 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1446 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: {
1447 if (lhs_ent == ENT_ANY)
1449 lhs_ent = determine_lhs_ent(expr->binary.left, lhs_ent);
1450 mark_vars_read(expr->binary.right, lhs_ent);
1455 determine_lhs_ent(expr->va_starte.ap, lhs_ent);
1458 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1460 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1461 case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1462 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO init?
1464 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1467 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1468 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1470 case EXPR_STATEMENT: // TODO
1471 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1472 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1476 panic("unhandled expression");
1479 static designator_t *parse_designation(void)
1481 designator_t *result = NULL;
1482 designator_t **anchor = &result;
1485 designator_t *designator;
1486 switch (token.kind) {
1488 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1489 designator->source_position = token.base.source_position;
1491 add_anchor_token(']');
1492 designator->array_index = parse_constant_expression();
1493 rem_anchor_token(']');
1497 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1498 designator->source_position = token.base.source_position;
1500 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing designator", NULL);
1501 if (!designator->symbol)
1509 assert(designator != NULL);
1510 *anchor = designator;
1511 anchor = &designator->next;
1515 static initializer_t *initializer_from_string(array_type_t *const type,
1516 const string_t *const string)
1518 /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
1521 initializer_t *initializer = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_STRING);
1522 initializer->string.string = *string;
1527 static initializer_t *initializer_from_wide_string(array_type_t *const type,
1528 const string_t *const string)
1530 /* TODO: check len vs. size of array type */
1533 initializer_t *const initializer =
1534 allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING);
1535 initializer->wide_string.string = *string;
1541 * Build an initializer from a given expression.
1543 static initializer_t *initializer_from_expression(type_t *orig_type,
1544 expression_t *expression)
1546 /* TODO check that expression is a constant expression */
1548 /* §6.7.8.14/15 char array may be initialized by string literals */
1549 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1550 type_t *expr_type_orig = expression->base.type;
1551 type_t *expr_type = skip_typeref(expr_type_orig);
1553 if (is_type_array(type) && expr_type->kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
1554 array_type_t *const array_type = &type->array;
1555 type_t *const element_type = skip_typeref(array_type->element_type);
1557 if (element_type->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
1558 atomic_type_kind_t akind = element_type->atomic.akind;
1559 switch (expression->kind) {
1560 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1561 if (akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR
1562 || akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR
1563 || akind == ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR) {
1564 return initializer_from_string(array_type,
1565 &expression->string_literal.value);
1569 case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL: {
1570 type_t *bare_wchar_type = skip_typeref(type_wchar_t);
1571 if (get_unqualified_type(element_type) == bare_wchar_type) {
1572 return initializer_from_wide_string(array_type,
1573 &expression->string_literal.value);
1584 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type, expression);
1585 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE)
1587 report_assign_error(error, type, expression, "initializer",
1588 &expression->base.source_position);
1590 initializer_t *const result = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_VALUE);
1591 result->value.value = create_implicit_cast(expression, type);
1597 * Parses an scalar initializer.
1599 * §6.7.8.11; eat {} without warning
1601 static initializer_t *parse_scalar_initializer(type_t *type,
1602 bool must_be_constant)
1604 /* there might be extra {} hierarchies */
1606 if (token.kind == '{') {
1607 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "extra curly braces around scalar initializer");
1611 } while (token.kind == '{');
1614 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
1615 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
1616 if (must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
1617 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1618 "initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
1622 initializer_t *initializer = initializer_from_expression(type, expression);
1624 if (initializer == NULL) {
1625 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
1626 "expression '%E' (type '%T') doesn't match expected type '%T'",
1627 expression, expression->base.type, type);
1632 bool additional_warning_displayed = false;
1633 while (braces > 0) {
1635 if (token.kind != '}') {
1636 if (!additional_warning_displayed) {
1637 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "additional elements in scalar initializer");
1638 additional_warning_displayed = true;
1649 * An entry in the type path.
1651 typedef struct type_path_entry_t type_path_entry_t;
1652 struct type_path_entry_t {
1653 type_t *type; /**< the upper top type. restored to path->top_tye if this entry is popped. */
1655 size_t index; /**< For array types: the current index. */
1656 declaration_t *compound_entry; /**< For compound types: the current declaration. */
1661 * A type path expression a position inside compound or array types.
1663 typedef struct type_path_t type_path_t;
1664 struct type_path_t {
1665 type_path_entry_t *path; /**< An flexible array containing the current path. */
1666 type_t *top_type; /**< type of the element the path points */
1667 size_t max_index; /**< largest index in outermost array */
1671 * Prints a type path for debugging.
1673 static __attribute__((unused)) void debug_print_type_path(
1674 const type_path_t *path)
1676 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1678 for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
1679 const type_path_entry_t *entry = & path->path[i];
1681 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
1682 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
1683 /* in gcc mode structs can have no members */
1684 if (entry->v.compound_entry == NULL) {
1688 fprintf(stderr, ".%s",
1689 entry->v.compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
1690 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1691 fprintf(stderr, "[%u]", (unsigned) entry->v.index);
1693 fprintf(stderr, "-INVALID-");
1696 if (path->top_type != NULL) {
1697 fprintf(stderr, " (");
1698 print_type(path->top_type);
1699 fprintf(stderr, ")");
1704 * Return the top type path entry, ie. in a path
1705 * (type).a.b returns the b.
1707 static type_path_entry_t *get_type_path_top(const type_path_t *path)
1709 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1711 return &path->path[len-1];
1715 * Enlarge the type path by an (empty) element.
1717 static type_path_entry_t *append_to_type_path(type_path_t *path)
1719 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1720 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len+1);
1722 type_path_entry_t *result = & path->path[len];
1723 memset(result, 0, sizeof(result[0]));
1728 * Descending into a sub-type. Enter the scope of the current top_type.
1730 static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1732 type_t *orig_top_type = path->top_type;
1733 type_t *top_type = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);
1735 type_path_entry_t *top = append_to_type_path(path);
1736 top->type = top_type;
1738 if (is_type_compound(top_type)) {
1739 compound_t *const compound = top_type->compound.compound;
1740 entity_t *const entry = skip_unnamed_bitfields(compound->members.entities);
1742 if (entry != NULL) {
1743 top->v.compound_entry = &entry->declaration;
1744 path->top_type = entry->declaration.type;
1746 path->top_type = NULL;
1748 } else if (is_type_array(top_type)) {
1750 path->top_type = top_type->array.element_type;
1752 assert(!is_type_valid(top_type));
1757 * Pop an entry from the given type path, ie. returning from
1758 * (type).a.b to (type).a
1760 static void ascend_from_subtype(type_path_t *path)
1762 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1764 path->top_type = top->type;
1766 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1767 ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len-1);
1771 * Pop entries from the given type path until the given
1772 * path level is reached.
1774 static void ascend_to(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1776 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1778 while (len > top_path_level) {
1779 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1780 len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1784 static bool walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator,
1785 bool used_in_offsetof)
1787 for (; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
1788 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1789 type_t *orig_type = top->type;
1791 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1793 if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
1794 symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;
1795 if (!is_type_compound(type)) {
1796 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1797 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1798 "'.%Y' designator used for non-compound type '%T'",
1802 top->type = type_error_type;
1803 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1804 orig_type = type_error_type;
1806 compound_t *compound = type->compound.compound;
1807 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
1808 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
1809 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
1814 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1815 "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
1818 assert(iter->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
1819 if (used_in_offsetof && iter->compound_member.bitfield) {
1820 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1821 "offsetof designator '%Y' must not specify bitfield",
1826 top->type = orig_type;
1827 top->v.compound_entry = &iter->declaration;
1828 orig_type = iter->declaration.type;
1831 expression_t *array_index = designator->array_index;
1832 assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
1834 if (!is_type_array(type)) {
1835 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
1836 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1837 "[%E] designator used for non-array type '%T'",
1838 array_index, orig_type);
1843 long index = fold_constant_to_int(array_index);
1844 if (!used_in_offsetof) {
1846 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1847 "array index [%E] must be positive", array_index);
1848 } else if (type->array.size_constant) {
1849 long array_size = type->array.size;
1850 if (index >= array_size) {
1851 errorf(&designator->source_position,
1852 "designator [%E] (%d) exceeds array size %d",
1853 array_index, index, array_size);
1858 top->type = orig_type;
1859 top->v.index = (size_t) index;
1860 orig_type = type->array.element_type;
1862 path->top_type = orig_type;
1864 if (designator->next != NULL) {
1865 descend_into_subtype(path);
1871 static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path, size_t top_path_level)
1873 type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);
1875 type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
1876 if (is_type_union(type)) {
1877 /* in unions only the first element is initialized */
1878 top->v.compound_entry = NULL;
1879 } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
1880 declaration_t *entry = top->v.compound_entry;
1882 entity_t *const next_entity = skip_unnamed_bitfields(entry->base.next);
1883 if (next_entity != NULL) {
1884 assert(is_declaration(next_entity));
1885 entry = &next_entity->declaration;
1890 top->v.compound_entry = entry;
1891 if (entry != NULL) {
1892 path->top_type = entry->type;
1895 } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
1896 assert(is_type_array(type));
1900 if (!type->array.size_constant || top->v.index < type->array.size) {
1904 assert(!is_type_valid(type));
1908 /* we're past the last member of the current sub-aggregate, try if we
1909 * can ascend in the type hierarchy and continue with another subobject */
1910 size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
1912 if (len > top_path_level) {
1913 ascend_from_subtype(path);
1914 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
1916 path->top_type = NULL;
1921 * skip any {...} blocks until a closing bracket is reached.
1923 static void skip_initializers(void)
1927 while (token.kind != '}') {
1928 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
1930 if (token.kind == '{') {
1938 static initializer_t *create_empty_initializer(void)
1940 static initializer_t empty_initializer
1941 = { .list = { { INITIALIZER_LIST }, 0 } };
1942 return &empty_initializer;
1946 * Parse a part of an initialiser for a struct or union,
1948 static initializer_t *parse_sub_initializer(type_path_t *path,
1949 type_t *outer_type, size_t top_path_level,
1950 parse_initializer_env_t *env)
1952 if (token.kind == '}') {
1953 /* empty initializer */
1954 return create_empty_initializer();
1957 type_t *orig_type = path->top_type;
1958 type_t *type = NULL;
1960 if (orig_type == NULL) {
1961 /* We are initializing an empty compound. */
1963 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
1966 initializer_t **initializers = NEW_ARR_F(initializer_t*, 0);
1969 designator_t *designator = NULL;
1970 if (token.kind == '.' || token.kind == '[') {
1971 designator = parse_designation();
1972 goto finish_designator;
1973 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER && look_ahead(1)->kind == ':') {
1974 /* GNU-style designator ("identifier: value") */
1975 designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(designator[0]));
1976 designator->source_position = token.base.source_position;
1977 designator->symbol = token.base.symbol;
1982 /* reset path to toplevel, evaluate designator from there */
1983 ascend_to(path, top_path_level);
1984 if (!walk_designator(path, designator, false)) {
1985 /* can't continue after designation error */
1989 initializer_t *designator_initializer
1990 = allocate_initializer_zero(INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR);
1991 designator_initializer->designator.designator = designator;
1992 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, designator_initializer);
1994 orig_type = path->top_type;
1995 type = orig_type != NULL ? skip_typeref(orig_type) : NULL;
2000 if (token.kind == '{') {
2001 if (type != NULL && is_type_scalar(type)) {
2002 sub = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2005 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2006 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2008 errorf(HERE, "extra brace group at end of initializer");
2013 descend_into_subtype(path);
2016 add_anchor_token('}');
2017 sub = parse_sub_initializer(path, orig_type, top_path_level+1,
2019 rem_anchor_token('}');
2024 goto error_parse_next;
2026 ascend_from_subtype(path);
2029 /* must be an expression */
2030 expression_t *expression = parse_assignment_expression();
2031 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
2033 if (env->must_be_constant && !is_linker_constant(expression)) {
2034 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2035 "Initialisation expression '%E' is not constant",
2040 /* we are already outside, ... */
2041 if (outer_type == NULL)
2042 goto error_parse_next;
2043 type_t *const outer_type_skip = skip_typeref(outer_type);
2044 if (is_type_compound(outer_type_skip) &&
2045 !outer_type_skip->compound.compound->complete) {
2046 goto error_parse_next;
2049 source_position_t const* const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
2050 if (env->entity != NULL) {
2051 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer for '%N'", env->entity);
2053 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "excess elements in initializer");
2055 goto error_parse_next;
2058 /* handle { "string" } special case */
2059 if ((expression->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL
2060 || expression->kind == EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL)
2061 && outer_type != NULL) {
2062 sub = initializer_from_expression(outer_type, expression);
2065 if (token.kind != '}') {
2066 warningf(WARN_OTHER, HERE, "excessive elements in initializer for type '%T'", orig_type);
2068 /* TODO: eat , ... */
2073 /* descend into subtypes until expression matches type */
2075 orig_type = path->top_type;
2076 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2078 sub = initializer_from_expression(orig_type, expression);
2082 if (!is_type_valid(type)) {
2085 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2086 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
2087 "expression '%E' doesn't match expected type '%T'",
2088 expression, orig_type);
2092 descend_into_subtype(path);
2096 /* update largest index of top array */
2097 const type_path_entry_t *first = &path->path[0];
2098 type_t *first_type = first->type;
2099 first_type = skip_typeref(first_type);
2100 if (is_type_array(first_type)) {
2101 size_t index = first->v.index;
2102 if (index > path->max_index)
2103 path->max_index = index;
2106 /* append to initializers list */
2107 ARR_APP1(initializer_t*, initializers, sub);
2110 if (token.kind == '}') {
2113 add_anchor_token('}');
2115 rem_anchor_token('}');
2116 if (token.kind == '}') {
2121 /* advance to the next declaration if we are not at the end */
2122 advance_current_object(path, top_path_level);
2123 orig_type = path->top_type;
2124 if (orig_type != NULL)
2125 type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
2131 size_t len = ARR_LEN(initializers);
2132 size_t size = sizeof(initializer_list_t) + len * sizeof(initializers[0]);
2133 initializer_t *result = allocate_ast_zero(size);
2134 result->kind = INITIALIZER_LIST;
2135 result->list.len = len;
2136 memcpy(&result->list.initializers, initializers,
2137 len * sizeof(initializers[0]));
2139 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2140 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2145 skip_initializers();
2146 DEL_ARR_F(initializers);
2147 ascend_to(path, top_path_level+1);
2151 static expression_t *make_size_literal(size_t value)
2153 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER);
2154 literal->base.type = type_size_t;
2157 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", (unsigned) value);
2158 literal->literal.value = make_string(buf);
2164 * Parses an initializer. Parsers either a compound literal
2165 * (env->declaration == NULL) or an initializer of a declaration.
2167 static initializer_t *parse_initializer(parse_initializer_env_t *env)
2169 type_t *type = skip_typeref(env->type);
2170 size_t max_index = 0;
2171 initializer_t *result;
2173 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
2174 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2175 } else if (token.kind == '{') {
2179 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
2180 path.top_type = env->type;
2181 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
2183 descend_into_subtype(&path);
2185 add_anchor_token('}');
2186 result = parse_sub_initializer(&path, env->type, 1, env);
2187 rem_anchor_token('}');
2189 max_index = path.max_index;
2190 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
2194 /* parse_scalar_initializer() also works in this case: we simply
2195 * have an expression without {} around it */
2196 result = parse_scalar_initializer(type, env->must_be_constant);
2199 /* §6.7.8:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size determine
2200 * the array type size */
2201 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.size_expression == NULL
2202 && result != NULL) {
2204 switch (result->kind) {
2205 case INITIALIZER_LIST:
2206 assert(max_index != 0xdeadbeaf);
2207 size = max_index + 1;
2210 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
2211 size = result->string.string.size;
2214 case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
2215 size = result->wide_string.string.size;
2218 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
2219 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
2220 /* can happen for parse errors */
2225 internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid initializer type");
2228 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
2230 new_type->array.size_expression = make_size_literal(size);
2231 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
2232 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
2233 new_type->array.size = size;
2234 env->type = new_type;
2240 static void append_entity(scope_t *scope, entity_t *entity)
2242 if (scope->last_entity != NULL) {
2243 scope->last_entity->base.next = entity;
2245 scope->entities = entity;
2247 entity->base.parent_entity = current_entity;
2248 scope->last_entity = entity;
2252 static compound_t *parse_compound_type_specifier(bool is_struct)
2254 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2255 eat(is_struct ? T_struct : T_union);
2257 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
2258 entity_t *entity = NULL;
2259 attribute_t *attributes = NULL;
2261 if (token.kind == T___attribute__) {
2262 attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
2265 entity_kind_tag_t const kind = is_struct ? ENTITY_STRUCT : ENTITY_UNION;
2266 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2267 /* the compound has a name, check if we have seen it already */
2268 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2269 entity = get_tag(symbol, kind);
2272 if (entity != NULL) {
2273 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2274 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2275 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2276 * existing definition in outer scope */
2278 } else if (entity->compound.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2279 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2280 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2281 /* clear members in the hope to avoid further errors */
2282 entity->compound.members.entities = NULL;
2285 } else if (token.kind != '{') {
2286 char const *const msg =
2287 is_struct ? "while parsing struct type specifier" :
2288 "while parsing union type specifier";
2289 parse_error_expected(msg, T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2294 if (entity == NULL) {
2295 entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2296 entity->compound.alignment = 1;
2297 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2298 if (symbol != NULL) {
2299 environment_push(entity);
2301 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2304 if (token.kind == '{') {
2305 parse_compound_type_entries(&entity->compound);
2307 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2308 if (symbol == NULL) {
2309 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2310 anonymous_entity = entity;
2314 if (attributes != NULL) {
2315 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
2318 return &entity->compound;
2321 static void parse_enum_entries(type_t *const enum_type)
2325 if (token.kind == '}') {
2326 errorf(HERE, "empty enum not allowed");
2331 add_anchor_token('}');
2332 add_anchor_token(',');
2334 add_anchor_token('=');
2335 source_position_t pos;
2336 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing enum entry", &pos);
2337 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, &pos);
2338 entity->enum_value.enum_type = enum_type;
2339 rem_anchor_token('=');
2342 expression_t *value = parse_constant_expression();
2344 value = create_implicit_cast(value, enum_type);
2345 entity->enum_value.value = value;
2350 record_entity(entity, false);
2351 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind != '}');
2352 rem_anchor_token(',');
2353 rem_anchor_token('}');
2358 static type_t *parse_enum_specifier(void)
2360 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
2365 switch (token.kind) {
2367 symbol = token.base.symbol;
2368 entity = get_tag(symbol, ENTITY_ENUM);
2371 if (entity != NULL) {
2372 if (entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope &&
2373 (token.kind == '{' || token.kind == ';')) {
2374 /* we're in an inner scope and have a definition. Shadow
2375 * existing definition in outer scope */
2377 } else if (entity->enume.complete && token.kind == '{') {
2378 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
2379 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
2390 parse_error_expected("while parsing enum type specifier",
2391 T_IDENTIFIER, '{', NULL);
2395 if (entity == NULL) {
2396 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_ENUM, NAMESPACE_TAG, symbol, &pos);
2397 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
2400 type_t *const type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ENUM);
2401 type->enumt.enume = &entity->enume;
2402 type->enumt.base.akind = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2404 if (token.kind == '{') {
2405 if (symbol != NULL) {
2406 environment_push(entity);
2408 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
2409 entity->enume.complete = true;
2411 parse_enum_entries(type);
2412 parse_attributes(NULL);
2414 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §7.1.3:5 */
2415 if (symbol == NULL) {
2416 assert(anonymous_entity == NULL);
2417 anonymous_entity = entity;
2419 } else if (!entity->enume.complete && !(c_mode & _GNUC)) {
2420 errorf(HERE, "'%T' used before definition (incomplete enums are a GNU extension)", type);
2427 * if a symbol is a typedef to another type, return true
2429 static bool is_typedef_symbol(symbol_t *symbol)
2431 const entity_t *const entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2432 return entity != NULL && entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF;
2435 static type_t *parse_typeof(void)
2442 add_anchor_token(')');
2444 expression_t *expression = NULL;
2446 switch (token.kind) {
2448 if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
2450 type = parse_typename();
2453 expression = parse_expression();
2454 type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
2459 rem_anchor_token(')');
2462 type_t *typeof_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEOF);
2463 typeof_type->typeoft.expression = expression;
2464 typeof_type->typeoft.typeof_type = type;
2469 typedef enum specifiers_t {
2470 SPECIFIER_SIGNED = 1 << 0,
2471 SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED = 1 << 1,
2472 SPECIFIER_LONG = 1 << 2,
2473 SPECIFIER_INT = 1 << 3,
2474 SPECIFIER_DOUBLE = 1 << 4,
2475 SPECIFIER_CHAR = 1 << 5,
2476 SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T = 1 << 6,
2477 SPECIFIER_SHORT = 1 << 7,
2478 SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG = 1 << 8,
2479 SPECIFIER_FLOAT = 1 << 9,
2480 SPECIFIER_BOOL = 1 << 10,
2481 SPECIFIER_VOID = 1 << 11,
2482 SPECIFIER_INT8 = 1 << 12,
2483 SPECIFIER_INT16 = 1 << 13,
2484 SPECIFIER_INT32 = 1 << 14,
2485 SPECIFIER_INT64 = 1 << 15,
2486 SPECIFIER_INT128 = 1 << 16,
2487 SPECIFIER_COMPLEX = 1 << 17,
2488 SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY = 1 << 18,
2491 static type_t *get_typedef_type(symbol_t *symbol)
2493 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
2494 if (entity == NULL || entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
2497 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2498 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2503 static attribute_t *parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute_t *attribute)
2505 attribute_property_argument_t *const property = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*property));
2509 add_anchor_token(')');
2510 add_anchor_token(',');
2512 add_anchor_token('=');
2513 source_position_t pos;
2514 symbol_t *const prop_sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", &pos);
2515 rem_anchor_token('=');
2517 symbol_t **prop = NULL;
2519 if (streq(prop_sym->string, "put")) {
2520 prop = &property->put_symbol;
2521 } else if (streq(prop_sym->string, "get")) {
2522 prop = &property->get_symbol;
2524 errorf(&pos, "expected put or get in property declspec, but got '%Y'", prop_sym);
2528 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2530 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
2532 symbol_t *const sym = expect_identifier("while parsing property declspec", NULL);
2534 *prop = sym ? sym : sym_anonymous;
2535 } while (next_if(','));
2536 rem_anchor_token(',');
2537 rem_anchor_token(')');
2539 attribute->a.property = property;
2545 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single(void)
2547 attribute_kind_t kind = ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN;
2548 if (next_if(T_restrict)) {
2549 kind = ATTRIBUTE_MS_RESTRICT;
2550 } else if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
2551 char const *const name = token.base.symbol->string;
2552 for (attribute_kind_t k = ATTRIBUTE_MS_FIRST; k <= ATTRIBUTE_MS_LAST;
2554 const char *attribute_name = get_attribute_name(k);
2555 if (attribute_name != NULL && streq(attribute_name, name)) {
2561 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_UNKNOWN) {
2562 warningf(WARN_ATTRIBUTE, HERE, "unknown __declspec '%s' ignored", name);
2565 parse_error_expected("while parsing __declspec", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
2569 attribute_t *attribute = allocate_attribute_zero(kind);
2572 if (kind == ATTRIBUTE_MS_PROPERTY) {
2573 return parse_attribute_ms_property(attribute);
2576 /* parse arguments */
2578 attribute->a.arguments = parse_attribute_arguments();
2583 static attribute_t *parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(attribute_t *first)
2588 if (token.kind != ')') {
2589 add_anchor_token(')');
2591 attribute_t **anchor = &first;
2593 while (*anchor != NULL)
2594 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
2596 attribute_t *attribute
2597 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier_single();
2598 if (attribute == NULL)
2601 *anchor = attribute;
2602 anchor = &attribute->next;
2603 } while (next_if(','));
2605 rem_anchor_token(')');
2611 static entity_t *create_error_entity(symbol_t *symbol, entity_kind_tag_t kind)
2613 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(kind, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
2614 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
2615 entity->declaration.type = type_error_type;
2616 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
2617 } else if (kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
2618 entity->typedefe.type = type_error_type;
2619 entity->typedefe.builtin = true;
2621 if (kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
2622 record_entity(entity, false);
2626 static void parse_declaration_specifiers(declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
2628 type_t *type = NULL;
2629 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
2630 unsigned type_specifiers = 0;
2631 bool newtype = false;
2632 bool saw_error = false;
2634 memset(specifiers, 0, sizeof(*specifiers));
2635 specifiers->source_position = token.base.source_position;
2638 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2640 switch (token.kind) {
2642 #define MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(token, class) \
2644 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) { \
2645 errorf(HERE, "multiple storage classes in declaration specifiers"); \
2647 specifiers->storage_class = class; \
2648 if (specifiers->thread_local) \
2649 goto check_thread_storage_class; \
2653 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_typedef, STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
2654 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_extern, STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN)
2655 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_static, STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
2656 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_auto, STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO)
2657 MATCH_STORAGE_CLASS(T_register, STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
2660 specifiers->attributes
2661 = parse_microsoft_extended_decl_modifier(specifiers->attributes);
2665 if (specifiers->thread_local) {
2666 errorf(HERE, "duplicate '__thread'");
2668 specifiers->thread_local = true;
2669 check_thread_storage_class:
2670 switch (specifiers->storage_class) {
2671 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
2672 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
2673 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
2677 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO: wrong = "auto"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2678 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: wrong = "register"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2679 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF: wrong = "typedef"; goto wrong_thread_storage_class;
2680 wrong_thread_storage_class:
2681 errorf(HERE, "'__thread' used with '%s'", wrong);
2688 /* type qualifiers */
2689 #define MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(token, qualifier) \
2691 qualifiers |= qualifier; \
2695 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
2696 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
2697 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
2698 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
2699 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
2700 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
2701 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
2702 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
2704 /* type specifiers */
2705 #define MATCH_SPECIFIER(token, specifier, name) \
2707 if (type_specifiers & specifier) { \
2708 errorf(HERE, "multiple " name " type specifiers given"); \
2710 type_specifiers |= specifier; \
2715 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "_Bool");
2716 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Complex, SPECIFIER_COMPLEX, "_Complex");
2717 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__Imaginary, SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY, "_Imaginary");
2718 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int128, SPECIFIER_INT128, "_int128");
2719 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int16, SPECIFIER_INT16, "_int16");
2720 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int32, SPECIFIER_INT32, "_int32");
2721 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int64, SPECIFIER_INT64, "_int64");
2722 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T__int8, SPECIFIER_INT8, "_int8");
2723 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_bool, SPECIFIER_BOOL, "bool");
2724 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_char, SPECIFIER_CHAR, "char");
2725 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_double, SPECIFIER_DOUBLE, "double");
2726 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_float, SPECIFIER_FLOAT, "float");
2727 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_int, SPECIFIER_INT, "int");
2728 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_short, SPECIFIER_SHORT, "short");
2729 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_signed, SPECIFIER_SIGNED, "signed");
2730 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_unsigned, SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED, "unsigned");
2731 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_void, SPECIFIER_VOID, "void");
2732 MATCH_SPECIFIER(T_wchar_t, SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T, "wchar_t");
2736 specifiers->is_inline = true;
2740 case T__forceinline:
2742 specifiers->modifiers |= DM_FORCEINLINE;
2747 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG) {
2748 errorf(HERE, "too many long type specifiers given");
2749 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_LONG) {
2750 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG;
2752 type_specifiers |= SPECIFIER_LONG;
2757 #define CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE() \
2758 (type != NULL ? errorf(HERE, "multiple types in declaration specifiers") : (void)0)
2761 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2762 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT);
2764 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(true);
2767 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2768 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION);
2769 type->compound.compound = parse_compound_type_specifier(false);
2772 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2773 type = parse_enum_specifier();
2776 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2777 type = parse_typeof();
2779 case T___builtin_va_list:
2780 CHECK_DOUBLE_TYPE();
2781 type = duplicate_type(type_valist);
2785 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
2786 /* only parse identifier if we haven't found a type yet */
2787 if (type != NULL || type_specifiers != 0) {
2788 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'unsigned lng* f()' in a
2789 * declaration, so it doesn't generate errors about expecting '(' or
2791 switch (look_ahead(1)->kind) {
2798 case T__forceinline: /* ^ DECLARATION_START except for __attribute__ */
2802 errorf(HERE, "discarding stray %K in declaration specifier", &token);
2807 goto finish_specifiers;
2811 type_t *const typedef_type = get_typedef_type(token.base.symbol);
2812 if (typedef_type == NULL) {
2813 /* Be somewhat resilient to typos like 'vodi f()' at the beginning of a
2814 * declaration, so it doesn't generate 'implicit int' followed by more
2815 * errors later on. */
2816 token_kind_t const la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
2822 errorf(HERE, "%K does not name a type", &token);
2824 entity_t *const entity = create_error_entity(token.base.symbol, ENTITY_TYPEDEF);
2826 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_TYPEDEF);
2827 type->typedeft.typedefe = &entity->typedefe;
2835 goto finish_specifiers;
2840 type = typedef_type;
2844 /* function specifier */
2846 goto finish_specifiers;
2851 specifiers->attributes = parse_attributes(specifiers->attributes);
2853 if (type == NULL || (saw_error && type_specifiers != 0)) {
2854 atomic_type_kind_t atomic_type;
2856 /* match valid basic types */
2857 switch (type_specifiers) {
2858 case SPECIFIER_VOID:
2859 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID;
2861 case SPECIFIER_WCHAR_T:
2862 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_WCHAR_T;
2864 case SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2865 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR;
2867 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2868 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR;
2870 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_CHAR:
2871 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR;
2873 case SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2874 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2875 case SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2876 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2877 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT;
2879 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT:
2880 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_SHORT | SPECIFIER_INT:
2881 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT;
2884 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED:
2885 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2886 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2888 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED:
2889 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT:
2890 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT;
2892 case SPECIFIER_LONG:
2893 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2894 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2895 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2896 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG;
2898 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG:
2899 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2900 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG;
2903 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2904 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2905 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG | SPECIFIER_INT:
2906 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2908 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG;
2909 goto warn_about_long_long;
2911 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG:
2912 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_LONG_LONG
2914 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG;
2915 warn_about_long_long:
2916 warningf(WARN_LONG_LONG, &specifiers->source_position, "ISO C90 does not support 'long long'");
2919 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2920 atomic_type = unsigned_int8_type_kind;
2923 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2924 atomic_type = unsigned_int16_type_kind;
2927 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2928 atomic_type = unsigned_int32_type_kind;
2931 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2932 atomic_type = unsigned_int64_type_kind;
2935 case SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2936 atomic_type = unsigned_int128_type_kind;
2939 case SPECIFIER_INT8:
2940 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT8:
2941 atomic_type = int8_type_kind;
2944 case SPECIFIER_INT16:
2945 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT16:
2946 atomic_type = int16_type_kind;
2949 case SPECIFIER_INT32:
2950 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT32:
2951 atomic_type = int32_type_kind;
2954 case SPECIFIER_INT64:
2955 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT64:
2956 atomic_type = int64_type_kind;
2959 case SPECIFIER_INT128:
2960 case SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_INT128:
2961 atomic_type = int128_type_kind;
2964 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT:
2965 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2967 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2968 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2970 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE:
2971 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2973 case SPECIFIER_BOOL:
2974 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL;
2976 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2977 case SPECIFIER_FLOAT | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2978 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
2980 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2981 case SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2982 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE;
2984 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_COMPLEX:
2985 case SPECIFIER_LONG | SPECIFIER_DOUBLE | SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY:
2986 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE;
2989 /* invalid specifier combination, give an error message */
2990 source_position_t const* const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
2991 if (type_specifiers == 0) {
2993 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.5:4 */
2994 if (!(c_mode & _CXX) && !strict_mode) {
2995 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specifiers in declaration, using 'int'");
2996 atomic_type = ATOMIC_TYPE_INT;
2999 errorf(pos, "no type specifiers given in declaration");
3002 } else if ((type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_SIGNED) &&
3003 (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3004 errorf(pos, "signed and unsigned specifiers given");
3005 } else if (type_specifiers & (SPECIFIER_SIGNED | SPECIFIER_UNSIGNED)) {
3006 errorf(pos, "only integer types can be signed or unsigned");
3008 errorf(pos, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3014 if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_COMPLEX) {
3015 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_COMPLEX);
3016 } else if (type_specifiers & SPECIFIER_IMAGINARY) {
3017 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_IMAGINARY);
3019 type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ATOMIC);
3021 type->atomic.akind = atomic_type;
3023 } else if (type_specifiers != 0) {
3024 errorf(&specifiers->source_position, "multiple datatypes in declaration");
3027 /* FIXME: check type qualifiers here */
3028 type->base.qualifiers = qualifiers;
3031 type = identify_new_type(type);
3033 type = typehash_insert(type);
3036 if (specifiers->attributes != NULL)
3037 type = handle_type_attributes(specifiers->attributes, type);
3038 specifiers->type = type;
3042 specifiers->type = type_error_type;
3045 static type_qualifiers_t parse_type_qualifiers(void)
3047 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE;
3050 switch (token.kind) {
3051 /* type qualifiers */
3052 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_const, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
3053 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_restrict, TYPE_QUALIFIER_RESTRICT);
3054 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T_volatile, TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE);
3055 /* microsoft extended type modifiers */
3056 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T__w64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_W64);
3057 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr32, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR32);
3058 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___ptr64, TYPE_QUALIFIER_PTR64);
3059 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___uptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_UPTR);
3060 MATCH_TYPE_QUALIFIER(T___sptr, TYPE_QUALIFIER_SPTR);
3069 * Parses an K&R identifier list
3071 static void parse_identifier_list(scope_t *scope)
3073 assert(token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3075 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, token.base.symbol, HERE);
3076 /* a K&R parameter has no type, yet */
3080 append_entity(scope, entity);
3081 } while (next_if(',') && token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
3084 static entity_t *parse_parameter(void)
3086 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
3087 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
3089 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers,
3090 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
3091 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3095 static void semantic_parameter_incomplete(const entity_t *entity)
3097 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3099 /* §6.7.5.3:4 After adjustment, the parameters in a parameter type
3100 * list in a function declarator that is part of a
3101 * definition of that function shall not have
3102 * incomplete type. */
3103 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3104 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
3105 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "'%N' has incomplete type", entity);
3109 static bool has_parameters(void)
3111 /* func(void) is not a parameter */
3112 if (look_ahead(1)->kind != ')')
3114 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
3115 entity_t const *const entity = get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
3118 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
3120 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3121 if (!is_type_void(type))
3123 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3124 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.5:2 It must be literally (void). A typedef
3125 * is not allowed. */
3126 errorf(HERE, "empty parameter list defined with a typedef of 'void' not allowed in C++");
3127 } else if (type->base.qualifiers != TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE) {
3128 /* §6.7.5.3:10 Qualification is not allowed here. */
3129 errorf(HERE, "'void' as parameter must not have type qualifiers");
3131 } else if (token.kind != T_void) {
3139 * Parses function type parameters (and optionally creates variable_t entities
3140 * for them in a scope)
3142 static void parse_parameters(function_type_t *type, scope_t *scope)
3145 add_anchor_token(')');
3147 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER &&
3148 !is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol) &&
3149 (look_ahead(1)->kind == ',' || look_ahead(1)->kind == ')')) {
3150 type->kr_style_parameters = true;
3151 parse_identifier_list(scope);
3152 } else if (token.kind == ')') {
3153 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.6:1 */
3154 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3155 type->unspecified_parameters = true;
3156 } else if (has_parameters()) {
3157 function_parameter_t **anchor = &type->parameters;
3158 add_anchor_token(',');
3160 switch (token.kind) {
3163 type->variadic = true;
3164 goto parameters_finished;
3169 entity_t *entity = parse_parameter();
3170 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3171 errorf(&entity->base.source_position,
3172 "typedef not allowed as function parameter");
3175 assert(is_declaration(entity));
3177 semantic_parameter_incomplete(entity);
3179 function_parameter_t *const parameter =
3180 allocate_parameter(entity->declaration.type);
3182 if (scope != NULL) {
3183 append_entity(scope, entity);
3186 *anchor = parameter;
3187 anchor = ¶meter->next;
3192 goto parameters_finished;
3194 } while (next_if(','));
3195 parameters_finished:
3196 rem_anchor_token(',');
3199 rem_anchor_token(')');
3203 typedef enum construct_type_kind_t {
3204 CONSTRUCT_POINTER = 1,
3205 CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE,
3208 } construct_type_kind_t;
3210 typedef union construct_type_t construct_type_t;
3212 typedef struct construct_type_base_t {
3213 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3214 source_position_t pos;
3215 construct_type_t *next;
3216 } construct_type_base_t;
3218 typedef struct parsed_pointer_t {
3219 construct_type_base_t base;
3220 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3221 variable_t *base_variable; /**< MS __based extension. */
3224 typedef struct parsed_reference_t {
3225 construct_type_base_t base;
3226 } parsed_reference_t;
3228 typedef struct construct_function_type_t {
3229 construct_type_base_t base;
3230 type_t *function_type;
3231 } construct_function_type_t;
3233 typedef struct parsed_array_t {
3234 construct_type_base_t base;
3235 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers;
3241 union construct_type_t {
3242 construct_type_kind_t kind;
3243 construct_type_base_t base;
3244 parsed_pointer_t pointer;
3245 parsed_reference_t reference;
3246 construct_function_type_t function;
3247 parsed_array_t array;
3250 static construct_type_t *allocate_declarator_zero(construct_type_kind_t const kind, size_t const size)
3252 construct_type_t *const cons = obstack_alloc(&temp_obst, size);
3253 memset(cons, 0, size);
3255 cons->base.pos = *HERE;
3260 static construct_type_t *parse_pointer_declarator(void)
3262 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_POINTER, sizeof(parsed_pointer_t));
3264 cons->pointer.type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3265 //cons->pointer.base_variable = base_variable;
3270 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.3.2 */
3271 static construct_type_t *parse_reference_declarator(void)
3273 if (!(c_mode & _CXX))
3274 errorf(HERE, "references are only available for C++");
3276 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE, sizeof(parsed_reference_t));
3283 static construct_type_t *parse_array_declarator(void)
3285 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_ARRAY, sizeof(parsed_array_t));
3286 parsed_array_t *const array = &cons->array;
3289 add_anchor_token(']');
3291 bool is_static = next_if(T_static);
3293 type_qualifiers_t type_qualifiers = parse_type_qualifiers();
3296 is_static = next_if(T_static);
3298 array->type_qualifiers = type_qualifiers;
3299 array->is_static = is_static;
3301 expression_t *size = NULL;
3302 if (token.kind == '*' && look_ahead(1)->kind == ']') {
3303 array->is_variable = true;
3305 } else if (token.kind != ']') {
3306 size = parse_assignment_expression();
3308 /* §6.7.5.2:1 Array size must have integer type */
3309 type_t *const orig_type = size->base.type;
3310 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3311 if (!is_type_integer(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
3312 errorf(&size->base.source_position,
3313 "array size '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
3318 mark_vars_read(size, NULL);
3321 if (is_static && size == NULL)
3322 errorf(&array->base.pos, "static array parameters require a size");
3324 rem_anchor_token(']');
3330 static construct_type_t *parse_function_declarator(scope_t *scope)
3332 construct_type_t *const cons = allocate_declarator_zero(CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION, sizeof(construct_function_type_t));
3334 type_t *type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
3335 function_type_t *ftype = &type->function;
3337 ftype->linkage = current_linkage;
3338 ftype->calling_convention = CC_DEFAULT;
3340 parse_parameters(ftype, scope);
3342 cons->function.function_type = type;
3347 typedef struct parse_declarator_env_t {
3348 bool may_be_abstract : 1;
3349 bool must_be_abstract : 1;
3350 decl_modifiers_t modifiers;
3352 source_position_t source_position;
3354 attribute_t *attributes;
3355 } parse_declarator_env_t;
3358 static construct_type_t *parse_inner_declarator(parse_declarator_env_t *env)
3360 /* construct a single linked list of construct_type_t's which describe
3361 * how to construct the final declarator type */
3362 construct_type_t *first = NULL;
3363 construct_type_t **anchor = &first;
3365 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3368 construct_type_t *type;
3369 //variable_t *based = NULL; /* MS __based extension */
3370 switch (token.kind) {
3372 type = parse_reference_declarator();
3376 panic("based not supported anymore");
3381 type = parse_pointer_declarator();
3385 goto ptr_operator_end;
3389 anchor = &type->base.next;
3391 /* TODO: find out if this is correct */
3392 env->attributes = parse_attributes(env->attributes);
3396 construct_type_t *inner_types = NULL;
3398 switch (token.kind) {
3400 if (env->must_be_abstract) {
3401 errorf(HERE, "no identifier expected in typename");
3403 env->symbol = token.base.symbol;
3404 env->source_position = token.base.source_position;
3410 /* Parenthesized declarator or function declarator? */
3411 token_t const *const la1 = look_ahead(1);
3412 switch (la1->kind) {
3414 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
3416 /* §6.7.6:2 footnote 126: Empty parentheses in a type name are
3417 * interpreted as ``function with no parameter specification'', rather
3418 * than redundant parentheses around the omitted identifier. */
3420 /* Function declarator. */
3421 if (!env->may_be_abstract) {
3422 errorf(HERE, "function declarator must have a name");
3429 case T___attribute__: /* FIXME __attribute__ might also introduce a parameter of a function declarator. */
3430 /* Paranthesized declarator. */
3432 add_anchor_token(')');
3433 inner_types = parse_inner_declarator(env);
3434 if (inner_types != NULL) {
3435 /* All later declarators only modify the return type */
3436 env->must_be_abstract = true;
3438 rem_anchor_token(')');
3447 if (env->may_be_abstract)
3449 parse_error_expected("while parsing declarator", T_IDENTIFIER, '(', NULL);
3454 construct_type_t **const p = anchor;
3457 construct_type_t *type;
3458 switch (token.kind) {
3460 scope_t *scope = NULL;
3461 if (!env->must_be_abstract) {
3462 scope = &env->parameters;
3465 type = parse_function_declarator(scope);
3469 type = parse_array_declarator();
3472 goto declarator_finished;
3475 /* insert in the middle of the list (at p) */
3476 type->base.next = *p;
3479 anchor = &type->base.next;
3482 declarator_finished:
3483 /* append inner_types at the end of the list, we don't to set anchor anymore
3484 * as it's not needed anymore */
3485 *anchor = inner_types;
3490 static type_t *construct_declarator_type(construct_type_t *construct_list,
3493 construct_type_t *iter = construct_list;
3494 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
3495 source_position_t const* const pos = &iter->base.pos;
3496 switch (iter->kind) {
3497 case CONSTRUCT_FUNCTION: {
3498 construct_function_type_t *function = &iter->function;
3499 type_t *function_type = function->function_type;
3501 function_type->function.return_type = type;
3503 type_t *skipped_return_type = skip_typeref(type);
3505 if (is_type_function(skipped_return_type)) {
3506 errorf(pos, "function returning function is not allowed");
3507 } else if (is_type_array(skipped_return_type)) {
3508 errorf(pos, "function returning array is not allowed");
3510 if (skipped_return_type->base.qualifiers != 0) {
3511 warningf(WARN_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS, pos, "type qualifiers in return type of function type are meaningless");
3515 /* The function type was constructed earlier. Freeing it here will
3516 * destroy other types. */
3517 type = typehash_insert(function_type);
3521 case CONSTRUCT_POINTER: {
3522 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3523 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a pointer to reference");
3525 parsed_pointer_t *pointer = &iter->pointer;
3526 type = make_based_pointer_type(type, pointer->type_qualifiers, pointer->base_variable);
3530 case CONSTRUCT_REFERENCE:
3531 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3532 errorf(pos, "cannot declare a reference to reference");
3534 type = make_reference_type(type);
3537 case CONSTRUCT_ARRAY: {
3538 if (is_type_reference(skip_typeref(type)))
3539 errorf(pos, "cannot declare an array of references");
3541 parsed_array_t *array = &iter->array;
3542 type_t *array_type = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_ARRAY);
3544 expression_t *size_expression = array->size;
3545 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3547 = create_implicit_cast(size_expression, type_size_t);
3550 array_type->base.qualifiers = array->type_qualifiers;
3551 array_type->array.element_type = type;
3552 array_type->array.is_static = array->is_static;
3553 array_type->array.is_variable = array->is_variable;
3554 array_type->array.size_expression = size_expression;
3556 if (size_expression != NULL) {
3557 switch (is_constant_expression(size_expression)) {
3558 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: {
3559 long const size = fold_constant_to_int(size_expression);
3560 array_type->array.size = size;
3561 array_type->array.size_constant = true;
3562 /* §6.7.5.2:1 If the expression is a constant expression,
3563 * it shall have a value greater than zero. */
3565 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3566 "size of array must be greater than zero");
3567 } else if (size == 0 && !GNU_MODE) {
3568 errorf(&size_expression->base.source_position,
3569 "size of array must be greater than zero (zero length arrays are a GCC extension)");
3574 case EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE:
3575 array_type->array.is_vla = true;
3578 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR:
3583 type_t *skipped_type = skip_typeref(type);
3585 if (is_type_incomplete(skipped_type)) {
3586 errorf(pos, "array of incomplete type '%T' is not allowed", type);
3587 } else if (is_type_function(skipped_type)) {
3588 errorf(pos, "array of functions is not allowed");
3590 type = identify_new_type(array_type);
3594 internal_errorf(pos, "invalid type construction found");
3600 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type);
3602 static type_t *semantic_parameter(const source_position_t *pos,
3604 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3605 entity_t const *const param)
3607 /* §6.7.5.3:7 A declaration of a parameter as ``array of type''
3608 * shall be adjusted to ``qualified pointer to type'',
3610 * §6.7.5.3:8 A declaration of a parameter as ``function returning
3611 * type'' shall be adjusted to ``pointer to function
3612 * returning type'', as in 6.3.2.1. */
3613 type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
3615 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3616 errorf(pos, "'%N' declared 'inline'", param);
3619 /* §6.9.1:6 The declarations in the declaration list shall contain
3620 * no storage-class specifier other than register and no
3621 * initializations. */
3622 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3623 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3624 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER)
3626 errorf(pos, "invalid storage class for '%N'", param);
3629 /* delay test for incomplete type, because we might have (void)
3630 * which is legal but incomplete... */
3635 static entity_t *parse_declarator(const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
3636 declarator_flags_t flags)
3638 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3639 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3640 env.may_be_abstract = (flags & DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT) != 0;
3642 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3644 construct_declarator_type(construct_type, specifiers->type);
3645 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3647 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3648 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3651 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(env.attributes);
3652 /* append (shared) specifier attribute behind attributes of this
3654 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
3655 while (*anchor != NULL)
3656 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
3657 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
3660 if (specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF) {
3661 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_TYPEDEF, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, &env.source_position);
3662 entity->typedefe.type = orig_type;
3664 if (anonymous_entity != NULL) {
3665 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
3666 assert(anonymous_entity->compound.alias == NULL);
3667 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_STRUCT ||
3668 anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_UNION);
3669 anonymous_entity->compound.alias = entity;
3670 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3671 } else if (is_type_enum(type)) {
3672 assert(anonymous_entity->enume.alias == NULL);
3673 assert(anonymous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM);
3674 anonymous_entity->enume.alias = entity;
3675 anonymous_entity = NULL;
3679 /* create a declaration type entity */
3680 source_position_t const *const pos = env.symbol ? &env.source_position : &specifiers->source_position;
3681 if (flags & DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER) {
3682 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3684 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3685 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3686 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3689 if (specifiers->thread_local ||
3690 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3691 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' must have no storage class", entity);
3694 } else if (flags & DECL_IS_PARAMETER) {
3695 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_PARAMETER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3696 orig_type = semantic_parameter(&env.source_position, orig_type, specifiers, entity);
3697 } else if (is_type_function(type)) {
3698 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3699 entity->function.is_inline = specifiers->is_inline;
3700 entity->function.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3701 entity->function.parameters = env.parameters;
3703 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3704 /* this needs fixes for C++ */
3705 bool in_function_scope = current_function != NULL;
3707 if (specifiers->thread_local || (
3708 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3709 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3710 (in_function_scope || specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
3712 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3716 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_VARIABLE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, env.symbol, pos);
3717 entity->variable.elf_visibility = default_visibility;
3718 entity->variable.thread_local = specifiers->thread_local;
3720 if (env.symbol != NULL) {
3721 if (specifiers->is_inline && is_type_valid(type)) {
3722 errorf(&env.source_position, "'%N' declared 'inline'", entity);
3725 bool invalid_storage_class = false;
3726 if (current_scope == file_scope) {
3727 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3728 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
3729 specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3730 invalid_storage_class = true;
3733 if (specifiers->thread_local &&
3734 specifiers->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
3735 invalid_storage_class = true;
3738 if (invalid_storage_class) {
3739 errorf(&env.source_position, "invalid storage class for '%N'", entity);
3744 entity->declaration.type = orig_type;
3745 entity->declaration.alignment = get_type_alignment(orig_type);
3746 entity->declaration.modifiers = env.modifiers;
3747 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
3749 storage_class_t storage_class = specifiers->storage_class;
3750 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = storage_class;
3752 if (storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE && current_function != NULL)
3753 storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO;
3754 entity->declaration.storage_class = storage_class;
3757 if (attributes != NULL) {
3758 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
3761 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION && !freestanding) {
3762 adapt_special_functions(&entity->function);
3768 static type_t *parse_abstract_declarator(type_t *base_type)
3770 parse_declarator_env_t env;
3771 memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
3772 env.may_be_abstract = true;
3773 env.must_be_abstract = true;
3775 construct_type_t *construct_type = parse_inner_declarator(&env);
3777 type_t *result = construct_declarator_type(construct_type, base_type);
3778 if (construct_type != NULL) {
3779 obstack_free(&temp_obst, construct_type);
3781 result = handle_type_attributes(env.attributes, result);
3787 * Check if the declaration of main is suspicious. main should be a
3788 * function with external linkage, returning int, taking either zero
3789 * arguments, two, or three arguments of appropriate types, ie.
3791 * int main([ int argc, char **argv [, char **env ] ]).
3793 * @param decl the declaration to check
3794 * @param type the function type of the declaration
3796 static void check_main(const entity_t *entity)
3798 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3799 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3800 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is not a function");
3804 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
3805 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' is normally a non-static function");
3808 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
3809 assert(is_type_function(type));
3811 function_type_t const *const func_type = &type->function;
3812 type_t *const ret_type = func_type->return_type;
3813 if (!types_compatible(skip_typeref(ret_type), type_int)) {
3814 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "return type of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", ret_type);
3816 const function_parameter_t *parm = func_type->parameters;
3818 type_t *const first_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3819 type_t *const first_type_unqual = get_unqualified_type(first_type);
3820 if (!types_compatible(first_type_unqual, type_int)) {
3821 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "first argument of 'main' should be 'int', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3825 type_t *const second_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3826 type_t *const second_type_unqual
3827 = get_unqualified_type(second_type);
3828 if (!types_compatible(second_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3829 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "second argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3833 type_t *const third_type = skip_typeref(parm->type);
3834 type_t *const third_type_unqual
3835 = get_unqualified_type(third_type);
3836 if (!types_compatible(third_type_unqual, type_char_ptr_ptr)) {
3837 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "third argument of 'main' should be 'char**', but is '%T'", parm->type);
3841 goto warn_arg_count;
3845 warningf(WARN_MAIN, pos, "'main' takes only zero, two or three arguments");
3850 static void error_redefined_as_different_kind(const source_position_t *pos,
3851 const entity_t *old, entity_kind_t new_kind)
3853 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(new_kind);
3854 source_position_t const *const ppos = &old->base.source_position;
3855 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' as %s (declared %P)", old, what, ppos);
3858 static bool is_entity_valid(entity_t *const ent)
3860 if (is_declaration(ent)) {
3861 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->declaration.type));
3862 } else if (ent->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3863 return is_type_valid(skip_typeref(ent->typedefe.type));
3868 static bool contains_attribute(const attribute_t *list, const attribute_t *attr)
3870 for (const attribute_t *tattr = list; tattr != NULL; tattr = tattr->next) {
3871 if (attributes_equal(tattr, attr))
3878 * test wether new_list contains any attributes not included in old_list
3880 static bool has_new_attributes(const attribute_t *old_list,
3881 const attribute_t *new_list)
3883 for (const attribute_t *attr = new_list; attr != NULL; attr = attr->next) {
3884 if (!contains_attribute(old_list, attr))
3891 * Merge in attributes from an attribute list (probably from a previous
3892 * declaration with the same name). Warning: destroys the old structure
3893 * of the attribute list - don't reuse attributes after this call.
3895 static void merge_in_attributes(declaration_t *decl, attribute_t *attributes)
3898 for (attribute_t *attr = attributes; attr != NULL; attr = next) {
3900 if (contains_attribute(decl->attributes, attr))
3903 /* move attribute to new declarations attributes list */
3904 attr->next = decl->attributes;
3905 decl->attributes = attr;
3909 static bool is_main(entity_t*);
3912 * record entities for the NAMESPACE_NORMAL, and produce error messages/warnings
3913 * for various problems that occur for multiple definitions
3915 entity_t *record_entity(entity_t *entity, const bool is_definition)
3917 const symbol_t *const symbol = entity->base.symbol;
3918 const namespace_tag_t namespc = (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc;
3919 const source_position_t *pos = &entity->base.source_position;
3921 /* can happen in error cases */
3925 assert(!entity->base.parent_scope);
3926 assert(current_scope);
3927 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
3929 entity_t *const previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, namespc);
3930 /* pushing the same entity twice will break the stack structure */
3931 assert(previous_entity != entity);
3933 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
3934 type_t *const orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
3935 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
3937 assert(is_type_function(type));
3938 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
3939 previous_entity == NULL &&
3940 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3941 warningf(WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES, pos, "function declaration '%#N' is not a prototype", entity);
3944 if (is_main(entity)) {
3949 if (is_declaration(entity) &&
3950 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
3951 current_scope != file_scope &&
3952 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
3953 warningf(WARN_NESTED_EXTERNS, pos, "nested extern declaration of '%#N'", entity);
3956 if (previous_entity != NULL) {
3957 source_position_t const *const ppos = &previous_entity->base.source_position;
3959 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == ¤t_function->parameters &&
3960 previous_entity->base.parent_scope->depth + 1 == current_scope->depth) {
3961 assert(previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER);
3962 errorf(pos, "declaration of '%N' redeclares the '%N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
3966 if (previous_entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
3967 if (previous_entity->kind != entity->kind) {
3968 if (is_entity_valid(previous_entity) && is_entity_valid(entity)) {
3969 error_redefined_as_different_kind(pos, previous_entity,
3974 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
3975 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
3978 if (previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
3979 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(entity->typedefe.type);
3980 type_t *const prev_type
3981 = skip_typeref(previous_entity->typedefe.type);
3982 if (c_mode & _CXX) {
3983 /* C++ allows double typedef if they are identical
3984 * (after skipping typedefs) */
3985 if (type == prev_type)
3988 /* GCC extension: redef in system headers is allowed */
3989 if ((pos->is_system_header || ppos->is_system_header) &&
3990 types_compatible(type, prev_type))
3993 errorf(pos, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)",
3998 /* at this point we should have only VARIABLES or FUNCTIONS */
3999 assert(is_declaration(previous_entity) && is_declaration(entity));
4001 declaration_t *const prev_decl = &previous_entity->declaration;
4002 declaration_t *const decl = &entity->declaration;
4004 /* can happen for K&R style declarations */
4005 if (prev_decl->type == NULL &&
4006 previous_entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER &&
4007 entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER) {
4008 prev_decl->type = decl->type;
4009 prev_decl->storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4010 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = decl->declared_storage_class;
4011 prev_decl->modifiers = decl->modifiers;
4012 return previous_entity;
4015 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4016 type_t *const prev_type = skip_typeref(prev_decl->type);
4018 if (!types_compatible(type, prev_type)) {
4019 errorf(pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#N' (declared %P)", entity, previous_entity, ppos);
4021 unsigned old_storage_class = prev_decl->storage_class;
4023 if (is_definition &&
4025 !(prev_decl->modifiers & DM_USED) &&
4026 prev_decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4027 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, ppos, "unnecessary static forward declaration for '%#N'", previous_entity);
4030 storage_class_t new_storage_class = decl->storage_class;
4032 /* pretend no storage class means extern for function
4033 * declarations (except if the previous declaration is neither
4034 * none nor extern) */
4035 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4036 /* the previous declaration could have unspecified parameters or
4037 * be a typedef, so use the new type */
4038 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters || is_definition)
4039 prev_decl->type = type;
4041 switch (old_storage_class) {
4042 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
4043 old_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4046 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
4047 if (is_definition) {
4048 if (prev_type->function.unspecified_parameters && !is_main(entity)) {
4049 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4051 } else if (new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE) {
4052 new_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
4059 } else if (is_type_incomplete(prev_type)) {
4060 prev_decl->type = type;
4063 if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4064 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4066 warn_redundant_declaration: ;
4068 = has_new_attributes(prev_decl->attributes,
4070 if (has_new_attrs) {
4071 merge_in_attributes(decl, prev_decl->attributes);
4072 } else if (!is_definition &&
4073 is_type_valid(prev_type) &&
4074 !pos->is_system_header) {
4075 warningf(WARN_REDUNDANT_DECLS, pos, "redundant declaration for '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4077 } else if (current_function == NULL) {
4078 if (old_storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4079 new_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC) {
4080 errorf(pos, "static declaration of '%N' follows non-static declaration (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4081 } else if (old_storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN) {
4082 prev_decl->storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4083 prev_decl->declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
4085 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §C.1.2:1 */
4087 goto error_redeclaration;
4088 goto warn_redundant_declaration;
4090 } else if (is_type_valid(prev_type)) {
4091 if (old_storage_class == new_storage_class) {
4092 error_redeclaration:
4093 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4095 errorf(pos, "redeclaration of '%N' with different linkage (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
4100 prev_decl->modifiers |= decl->modifiers;
4101 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4102 previous_entity->function.is_inline |= entity->function.is_inline;
4104 return previous_entity;
4108 if (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW) ||
4109 (is_warn_on(why = WARN_SHADOW_LOCAL) && previous_entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)) {
4110 char const *const what = get_entity_kind_name(previous_entity->kind);
4111 warningf(why, pos, "'%N' shadows %s (declared %P)", entity, what, ppos);
4115 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
4116 if (is_definition &&
4117 entity->declaration.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC &&
4119 if (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES)) {
4120 warningf(WARN_MISSING_PROTOTYPES, pos, "no previous prototype for '%#N'", entity);
4122 goto warn_missing_declaration;
4125 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4126 if (current_scope == file_scope &&
4127 entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE &&
4128 !entity->declaration.implicit) {
4129 warn_missing_declaration:
4130 warningf(WARN_MISSING_DECLARATIONS, pos, "no previous declaration for '%#N'", entity);
4135 environment_push(entity);
4136 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
4141 static void parser_error_multiple_definition(entity_t *entity,
4142 const source_position_t *source_position)
4144 errorf(source_position, "redefinition of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, &entity->base.source_position);
4147 static bool is_declaration_specifier(const token_t *token)
4149 switch (token->kind) {
4153 return is_typedef_symbol(token->base.symbol);
4160 static void parse_init_declarator_rest(entity_t *entity)
4162 type_t *orig_type = type_error_type;
4164 if (entity->base.kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
4165 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4166 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized (use __typeof__ instead)", entity);
4168 assert(is_declaration(entity));
4169 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
4172 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4174 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE
4175 && entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
4176 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
4180 declaration_t *const declaration = &entity->declaration;
4181 bool must_be_constant = false;
4182 if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC ||
4183 entity->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4184 must_be_constant = true;
4187 if (is_type_function(type)) {
4188 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4189 errorf(pos, "'%N' is initialized like a variable", entity);
4190 orig_type = type_error_type;
4193 parse_initializer_env_t env;
4194 env.type = orig_type;
4195 env.must_be_constant = must_be_constant;
4196 env.entity = entity;
4198 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
4200 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4201 /* §6.7.5:22 array initializers for arrays with unknown size
4202 * determine the array type size */
4203 declaration->type = env.type;
4204 entity->variable.initializer = initializer;
4208 /* parse rest of a declaration without any declarator */
4209 static void parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(
4210 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
4213 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4215 source_position_t const *const pos = &specifiers->source_position;
4216 if (specifiers->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE ||
4217 specifiers->thread_local) {
4218 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "useless storage class in empty declaration");
4221 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
4222 switch (type->kind) {
4223 case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
4224 case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION: {
4225 if (type->compound.compound->base.symbol == NULL) {
4226 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
4235 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty declaration");
4240 static void check_variable_type_complete(entity_t *ent)
4242 if (ent->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
4245 /* §6.7:7 If an identifier for an object is declared with no linkage, the
4246 * type for the object shall be complete [...] */
4247 declaration_t *decl = &ent->declaration;
4248 if (decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN ||
4249 decl->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
4252 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
4253 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
4256 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
4257 * are given length one. */
4258 if (is_type_array(type) && ent->base.parent_scope == file_scope) {
4259 ARR_APP1(declaration_t*, incomplete_arrays, decl);
4263 errorf(&ent->base.source_position, "variable '%#N' has incomplete type", ent);
4267 static void parse_declaration_rest(entity_t *ndeclaration,
4268 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers,
4269 parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4270 declarator_flags_t flags)
4272 add_anchor_token(';');
4273 add_anchor_token(',');
4275 entity_t *entity = finished_declaration(ndeclaration, token.kind == '=');
4277 if (token.kind == '=') {
4278 parse_init_declarator_rest(entity);
4279 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
4280 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §8.5.3:3 The initializer can be omitted
4281 * [...] where the extern specifier is explicitly used. */
4282 declaration_t *decl = &entity->declaration;
4283 if (decl->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN &&
4284 is_type_reference(skip_typeref(decl->type))) {
4285 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4286 errorf(pos, "reference '%#N' must be initialized", entity);
4290 check_variable_type_complete(entity);
4295 add_anchor_token('=');
4296 ndeclaration = parse_declarator(specifiers, flags);
4297 rem_anchor_token('=');
4299 rem_anchor_token(',');
4300 rem_anchor_token(';');
4303 anonymous_entity = NULL;
4306 static entity_t *finished_kr_declaration(entity_t *entity, bool is_definition)
4308 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
4312 assert(entity->base.namespc == NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4313 entity_t *previous_entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4314 if (previous_entity == NULL
4315 || previous_entity->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
4316 errorf(&entity->base.source_position, "expected declaration of a function parameter, found '%Y'",
4321 if (is_definition) {
4322 errorf(HERE, "'%N' is initialised", entity);
4325 return record_entity(entity, false);
4328 static void parse_declaration(parsed_declaration_func finished_declaration,
4329 declarator_flags_t flags)
4331 add_anchor_token(';');
4332 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
4333 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
4334 rem_anchor_token(';');
4336 if (token.kind == ';') {
4337 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
4339 entity_t *entity = parse_declarator(&specifiers, flags);
4340 parse_declaration_rest(entity, &specifiers, finished_declaration, flags);
4345 static type_t *get_default_promoted_type(type_t *orig_type)
4347 type_t *result = orig_type;
4349 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
4350 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
4351 result = promote_integer(type);
4352 } else if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT)) {
4353 result = type_double;
4359 static void parse_kr_declaration_list(entity_t *entity)
4361 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4364 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
4365 assert(is_type_function(type));
4366 if (!type->function.kr_style_parameters)
4369 add_anchor_token('{');
4371 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.parameters);
4373 entity_t *parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4374 for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
4375 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL);
4376 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
4377 environment_push(parameter);
4380 /* parse declaration list */
4382 switch (token.kind) {
4384 /* This covers symbols, which are no type, too, and results in
4385 * better error messages. The typical cases are misspelled type
4386 * names and missing includes. */
4388 parse_declaration(finished_kr_declaration, DECL_IS_PARAMETER);
4398 /* update function type */
4399 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
4401 function_parameter_t *parameters = NULL;
4402 function_parameter_t **anchor = ¶meters;
4404 /* did we have an earlier prototype? */
4405 entity_t *proto_type = get_entity(entity->base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
4406 if (proto_type != NULL && proto_type->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
4409 function_parameter_t *proto_parameter = NULL;
4410 if (proto_type != NULL) {
4411 type_t *proto_type_type = proto_type->declaration.type;
4412 proto_parameter = proto_type_type->function.parameters;
4413 /* If a K&R function definition has a variadic prototype earlier, then
4414 * make the function definition variadic, too. This should conform to
4415 * §6.7.5.3:15 and §6.9.1:8. */
4416 new_type->function.variadic = proto_type_type->function.variadic;
4418 /* §6.9.1.7: A K&R style parameter list does NOT act as a function
4420 new_type->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
4423 bool need_incompatible_warning = false;
4424 parameter = entity->function.parameters.entities;
4425 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next,
4427 proto_parameter == NULL ? NULL : proto_parameter->next) {
4428 if (parameter->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
4431 type_t *parameter_type = parameter->declaration.type;
4432 if (parameter_type == NULL) {
4433 source_position_t const* const pos = ¶meter->base.source_position;
4435 errorf(pos, "no type specified for function '%N'", parameter);
4436 parameter_type = type_error_type;
4438 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_INT, pos, "no type specified for function parameter '%N', using 'int'", parameter);
4439 parameter_type = type_int;
4441 parameter->declaration.type = parameter_type;
4444 semantic_parameter_incomplete(parameter);
4446 /* we need the default promoted types for the function type */
4447 type_t *not_promoted = parameter_type;
4448 parameter_type = get_default_promoted_type(parameter_type);
4450 /* gcc special: if the type of the prototype matches the unpromoted
4451 * type don't promote */
4452 if (!strict_mode && proto_parameter != NULL) {
4453 type_t *proto_p_type = skip_typeref(proto_parameter->type);
4454 type_t *promo_skip = skip_typeref(parameter_type);
4455 type_t *param_skip = skip_typeref(not_promoted);
4456 if (!types_compatible(proto_p_type, promo_skip)
4457 && types_compatible(proto_p_type, param_skip)) {
4459 need_incompatible_warning = true;
4460 parameter_type = not_promoted;
4463 function_parameter_t *const function_parameter
4464 = allocate_parameter(parameter_type);
4466 *anchor = function_parameter;
4467 anchor = &function_parameter->next;
4470 new_type->function.parameters = parameters;
4471 new_type = identify_new_type(new_type);
4473 if (need_incompatible_warning) {
4474 symbol_t const *const sym = entity->base.symbol;
4475 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
4476 source_position_t const *const ppos = &proto_type->base.source_position;
4477 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "declaration '%#N' is incompatible with '%#T' (declared %P)", proto_type, new_type, sym, ppos);
4479 entity->declaration.type = new_type;
4481 rem_anchor_token('{');
4484 static bool first_err = true;
4487 * When called with first_err set, prints the name of the current function,
4490 static void print_in_function(void)
4494 char const *const file = current_function->base.base.source_position.input_name;
4495 diagnosticf("%s: In '%N':\n", file, (entity_t const*)current_function);
4500 * Check if all labels are defined in the current function.
4501 * Check if all labels are used in the current function.
4503 static void check_labels(void)
4505 for (const goto_statement_t *goto_statement = goto_first;
4506 goto_statement != NULL;
4507 goto_statement = goto_statement->next) {
4508 label_t *label = goto_statement->label;
4509 if (label->base.source_position.input_name == NULL) {
4510 print_in_function();
4511 source_position_t const *const pos = &goto_statement->base.source_position;
4512 errorf(pos, "'%N' used but not defined", (entity_t const*)label);
4516 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL)) {
4517 for (const label_statement_t *label_statement = label_first;
4518 label_statement != NULL;
4519 label_statement = label_statement->next) {
4520 label_t *label = label_statement->label;
4522 if (! label->used) {
4523 print_in_function();
4524 source_position_t const *const pos = &label_statement->base.source_position;
4525 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_LABEL, pos, "'%N' defined but not used", (entity_t const*)label);
4531 static void warn_unused_entity(warning_t const why, entity_t *entity, entity_t *const last)
4533 entity_t const *const end = last != NULL ? last->base.next : NULL;
4534 for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
4535 if (!is_declaration(entity))
4538 declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
4539 if (declaration->implicit)
4542 if (!declaration->used) {
4543 print_in_function();
4544 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is unused", entity);
4545 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE && !entity->variable.read) {
4546 print_in_function();
4547 warningf(why, &entity->base.source_position, "'%N' is never read", entity);
4552 static void check_unused_variables(statement_t *const stmt, void *const env)
4556 switch (stmt->kind) {
4557 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4558 declaration_statement_t const *const decls = &stmt->declaration;
4559 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, decls->declarations_begin, decls->declarations_end);
4564 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE, stmt->fors.scope.entities, NULL);
4573 * Check declarations of current_function for unused entities.
4575 static void check_declarations(void)
4577 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER)) {
4578 const scope_t *scope = ¤t_function->parameters;
4579 warn_unused_entity(WARN_UNUSED_PARAMETER, scope->entities, NULL);
4581 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE)) {
4582 walk_statements(current_function->statement, check_unused_variables,
4587 static int determine_truth(expression_t const* const cond)
4590 is_constant_expression(cond) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT ? 0 :
4591 fold_constant_to_bool(cond) ? 1 :
4595 static void check_reachable(statement_t *);
4596 static bool reaches_end;
4598 static bool expression_returns(expression_t const *const expr)
4600 switch (expr->kind) {
4602 expression_t const *const func = expr->call.function;
4603 type_t const *const type = skip_typeref(func->base.type);
4604 if (type->kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
4605 type_t const *const points_to
4606 = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
4607 if (points_to->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION
4608 && points_to->function.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)
4612 if (!expression_returns(func))
4615 for (call_argument_t const* arg = expr->call.arguments; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next) {
4616 if (!expression_returns(arg->expression))
4623 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
4624 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
4625 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
4626 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
4627 case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
4628 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: // TODO descend into initialisers
4629 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
4630 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
4631 case EXPR_SIZEOF: // TODO handle obscure VLA case
4634 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
4635 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
4640 case EXPR_STATEMENT: {
4641 bool old_reaches_end = reaches_end;
4642 reaches_end = false;
4643 check_reachable(expr->statement.statement);
4644 bool returns = reaches_end;
4645 reaches_end = old_reaches_end;
4649 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
4650 // TODO handle constant expression
4652 if (!expression_returns(expr->conditional.condition))
4655 if (expr->conditional.true_expression != NULL
4656 && expression_returns(expr->conditional.true_expression))
4659 return expression_returns(expr->conditional.false_expression);
4662 return expression_returns(expr->select.compound);
4664 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
4666 expression_returns(expr->array_access.array_ref) &&
4667 expression_returns(expr->array_access.index);
4670 return expression_returns(expr->va_starte.ap);
4673 return expression_returns(expr->va_arge.ap);
4676 return expression_returns(expr->va_copye.src);
4678 case EXPR_UNARY_CASES_MANDATORY:
4679 return expression_returns(expr->unary.value);
4681 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
4684 case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:
4685 // TODO handle constant lhs of && and ||
4687 expression_returns(expr->binary.left) &&
4688 expression_returns(expr->binary.right);
4691 panic("unhandled expression");
4694 static bool initializer_returns(initializer_t const *const init)
4696 switch (init->kind) {
4697 case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
4698 return expression_returns(init->value.value);
4700 case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
4701 initializer_t * const* i = init->list.initializers;
4702 initializer_t * const* const end = i + init->list.len;
4703 bool returns = true;
4704 for (; i != end; ++i) {
4705 if (!initializer_returns(*i))
4711 case INITIALIZER_STRING:
4712 case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
4713 case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR: // designators have no payload
4716 panic("unhandled initializer");
4719 static bool noreturn_candidate;
4721 static void check_reachable(statement_t *const stmt)
4723 if (stmt->base.reachable)
4725 if (stmt->kind != STATEMENT_DO_WHILE)
4726 stmt->base.reachable = true;
4728 statement_t *last = stmt;
4730 switch (stmt->kind) {
4731 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
4732 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
4734 next = stmt->base.next;
4737 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
4738 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
4739 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
4740 entity_t const *const last_decl = decl->declarations_end;
4742 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
4743 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
4744 ent->variable.initializer != NULL &&
4745 !initializer_returns(ent->variable.initializer)) {
4748 if (ent == last_decl)
4752 next = stmt->base.next;
4756 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
4757 next = stmt->compound.statements;
4759 next = stmt->base.next;
4762 case STATEMENT_RETURN: {
4763 expression_t const *const val = stmt->returns.value;
4764 if (val == NULL || expression_returns(val))
4765 noreturn_candidate = false;
4769 case STATEMENT_IF: {
4770 if_statement_t const *const ifs = &stmt->ifs;
4771 expression_t const *const cond = ifs->condition;
4773 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4776 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4779 check_reachable(ifs->true_statement);
4784 if (ifs->false_statement != NULL) {
4785 check_reachable(ifs->false_statement);
4789 next = stmt->base.next;
4793 case STATEMENT_SWITCH: {
4794 switch_statement_t const *const switchs = &stmt->switchs;
4795 expression_t const *const expr = switchs->expression;
4797 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4800 if (is_constant_expression(expr) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
4801 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expr);
4802 case_label_statement_t * defaults = NULL;
4803 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4804 if (i->expression == NULL) {
4809 if (i->first_case <= val && val <= i->last_case) {
4810 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4815 if (defaults != NULL) {
4816 check_reachable((statement_t*)defaults);
4820 bool has_default = false;
4821 for (case_label_statement_t *i = switchs->first_case; i != NULL; i = i->next) {
4822 if (i->expression == NULL)
4825 check_reachable((statement_t*)i);
4832 next = stmt->base.next;
4836 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION: {
4837 /* Check for noreturn function call */
4838 expression_t const *const expr = stmt->expression.expression;
4839 if (!expression_returns(expr))
4842 next = stmt->base.next;
4846 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
4847 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4848 parent = parent->base.parent;
4849 if (parent == NULL) /* continue not within loop */
4853 switch (parent->kind) {
4854 case STATEMENT_WHILE: goto continue_while;
4855 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: goto continue_do_while;
4856 case STATEMENT_FOR: goto continue_for;
4862 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
4863 for (statement_t *parent = stmt;;) {
4864 parent = parent->base.parent;
4865 if (parent == NULL) /* break not within loop/switch */
4868 switch (parent->kind) {
4869 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
4870 case STATEMENT_WHILE:
4871 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4874 next = parent->base.next;
4875 goto found_break_parent;
4883 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: {
4884 if (!expression_returns(stmt->computed_goto.expression))
4887 statement_t *parent = stmt->base.parent;
4888 if (parent == NULL) /* top level goto */
4894 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
4895 next = stmt->gotos.label->statement;
4896 if (next == NULL) /* missing label */
4900 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
4901 next = stmt->label.statement;
4904 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
4905 next = stmt->case_label.statement;
4908 case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
4909 while_statement_t const *const whiles = &stmt->whiles;
4910 expression_t const *const cond = whiles->condition;
4912 if (!expression_returns(cond))
4915 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
4918 check_reachable(whiles->body);
4923 next = stmt->base.next;
4927 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
4928 next = stmt->do_while.body;
4931 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
4932 for_statement_t *const fors = &stmt->fors;
4934 if (fors->condition_reachable)
4936 fors->condition_reachable = true;
4938 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
4943 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
4944 val = determine_truth(cond);
4950 check_reachable(fors->body);
4955 next = stmt->base.next;
4959 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY: {
4960 ms_try_statement_t const *const ms_try = &stmt->ms_try;
4961 check_reachable(ms_try->try_statement);
4962 next = ms_try->final_statement;
4966 case STATEMENT_LEAVE: {
4967 statement_t *parent = stmt;
4969 parent = parent->base.parent;
4970 if (parent == NULL) /* __leave not within __try */
4973 if (parent->kind == STATEMENT_MS_TRY) {
4975 next = parent->ms_try.final_statement;
4983 panic("invalid statement kind");
4986 while (next == NULL) {
4987 next = last->base.parent;
4989 noreturn_candidate = false;
4991 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
4992 assert(is_type_function(type));
4993 type_t *const ret = skip_typeref(type->function.return_type);
4994 if (!is_type_void(ret) &&
4995 is_type_valid(ret) &&
4996 !is_main(current_entity)) {
4997 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
4998 warningf(WARN_RETURN_TYPE, pos, "control reaches end of non-void function");
5003 switch (next->kind) {
5004 case STATEMENT_ERROR:
5005 case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
5006 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
5007 case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
5009 case STATEMENT_RETURN:
5010 case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
5011 case STATEMENT_BREAK:
5012 case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO:
5013 case STATEMENT_GOTO:
5014 case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
5015 panic("invalid control flow in function");
5017 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5018 if (next->compound.stmt_expr) {
5024 case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
5025 case STATEMENT_LABEL:
5026 case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
5028 next = next->base.next;
5031 case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
5033 if (next->base.reachable)
5035 next->base.reachable = true;
5037 while_statement_t const *const whiles = &next->whiles;
5038 expression_t const *const cond = whiles->condition;
5040 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5043 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5046 check_reachable(whiles->body);
5052 next = next->base.next;
5056 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: {
5058 if (next->base.reachable)
5060 next->base.reachable = true;
5062 do_while_statement_t const *const dw = &next->do_while;
5063 expression_t const *const cond = dw->condition;
5065 if (!expression_returns(cond))
5068 int const val = determine_truth(cond);
5071 check_reachable(dw->body);
5077 next = next->base.next;
5081 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5083 for_statement_t *const fors = &next->fors;
5085 fors->step_reachable = true;
5087 if (fors->condition_reachable)
5089 fors->condition_reachable = true;
5091 expression_t const *const cond = fors->condition;
5096 } else if (expression_returns(cond)) {
5097 val = determine_truth(cond);
5103 check_reachable(fors->body);
5109 next = next->base.next;
5113 case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
5115 next = next->ms_try.final_statement;
5120 check_reachable(next);
5123 static void check_unreachable(statement_t* const stmt, void *const env)
5127 switch (stmt->kind) {
5128 case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
5129 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5130 expression_t const *const cond = stmt->do_while.condition;
5131 if (determine_truth(cond) >= 0) {
5132 source_position_t const *const pos = &cond->base.source_position;
5133 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of do-while-loop is unreachable");
5138 case STATEMENT_FOR: {
5139 for_statement_t const* const fors = &stmt->fors;
5141 // if init and step are unreachable, cond is unreachable, too
5142 if (!stmt->base.reachable && !fors->step_reachable) {
5143 goto warn_unreachable;
5145 if (!stmt->base.reachable && fors->initialisation != NULL) {
5146 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->initialisation->base.source_position;
5147 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "initialisation of for-statement is unreachable");
5150 if (!fors->condition_reachable && fors->condition != NULL) {
5151 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->condition->base.source_position;
5152 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "condition of for-statement is unreachable");
5155 if (!fors->step_reachable && fors->step != NULL) {
5156 source_position_t const *const pos = &fors->step->base.source_position;
5157 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "step of for-statement is unreachable");
5163 case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
5164 if (stmt->compound.statements != NULL)
5166 goto warn_unreachable;
5168 case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
5169 /* Only warn if there is at least one declarator with an initializer.
5170 * This typically occurs in switch statements. */
5171 declaration_statement_t const *const decl = &stmt->declaration;
5172 entity_t const * ent = decl->declarations_begin;
5173 entity_t const *const last = decl->declarations_end;
5175 for (;; ent = ent->base.next) {
5176 if (ent->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE &&
5177 ent->variable.initializer != NULL) {
5178 goto warn_unreachable;
5188 if (!stmt->base.reachable) {
5189 source_position_t const *const pos = &stmt->base.source_position;
5190 warningf(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE, pos, "statement is unreachable");
5196 static bool is_main(entity_t *entity)
5198 static symbol_t *sym_main = NULL;
5199 if (sym_main == NULL) {
5200 sym_main = symbol_table_insert("main");
5203 if (entity->base.symbol != sym_main)
5205 /* must be in outermost scope */
5206 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope)
5212 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t*);
5214 static void parse_external_declaration(void)
5216 /* function-definitions and declarations both start with declaration
5218 add_anchor_token(';');
5219 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5220 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5221 rem_anchor_token(';');
5223 /* must be a declaration */
5224 if (token.kind == ';') {
5225 parse_anonymous_declaration_rest(&specifiers);
5229 add_anchor_token(',');
5230 add_anchor_token('=');
5231 add_anchor_token(';');
5232 add_anchor_token('{');
5234 /* declarator is common to both function-definitions and declarations */
5235 entity_t *ndeclaration = parse_declarator(&specifiers, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
5237 rem_anchor_token('{');
5238 rem_anchor_token(';');
5239 rem_anchor_token('=');
5240 rem_anchor_token(',');
5242 /* must be a declaration */
5243 switch (token.kind) {
5247 parse_declaration_rest(ndeclaration, &specifiers, record_entity,
5252 /* must be a function definition */
5253 parse_kr_declaration_list(ndeclaration);
5255 if (token.kind != '{') {
5256 parse_error_expected("while parsing function definition", '{', NULL);
5257 eat_until_matching_token(';');
5261 assert(is_declaration(ndeclaration));
5262 type_t *const orig_type = ndeclaration->declaration.type;
5263 type_t * type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5265 if (!is_type_function(type)) {
5266 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
5267 errorf(HERE, "declarator '%#N' has a body but is not a function type", ndeclaration);
5273 source_position_t const *const pos = &ndeclaration->base.source_position;
5274 if (is_typeref(orig_type)) {
5276 errorf(pos, "type of function definition '%#N' is a typedef", ndeclaration);
5279 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(type->function.return_type))) {
5280 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "'%N' returns an aggregate", ndeclaration);
5282 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters) {
5283 warningf(WARN_OLD_STYLE_DEFINITION, pos, "old-style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5285 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects ISO C style definition of '%N'", ndeclaration);
5288 /* §6.7.5.3:14 a function definition with () means no
5289 * parameters (and not unspecified parameters) */
5290 if (type->function.unspecified_parameters &&
5291 type->function.parameters == NULL) {
5292 type_t *copy = duplicate_type(type);
5293 copy->function.unspecified_parameters = false;
5294 type = identify_new_type(copy);
5296 ndeclaration->declaration.type = type;
5299 entity_t *const entity = record_entity(ndeclaration, true);
5300 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5301 assert(ndeclaration->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION);
5303 function_t *const function = &entity->function;
5304 if (ndeclaration != entity) {
5305 function->parameters = ndeclaration->function.parameters;
5308 PUSH_SCOPE(&function->parameters);
5310 entity_t *parameter = function->parameters.entities;
5311 for (; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->base.next) {
5312 if (parameter->base.parent_scope == &ndeclaration->function.parameters) {
5313 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5315 assert(parameter->base.parent_scope == NULL
5316 || parameter->base.parent_scope == current_scope);
5317 parameter->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
5318 if (parameter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5319 errorf(¶meter->base.source_position, "parameter name omitted");
5322 environment_push(parameter);
5325 if (function->statement != NULL) {
5326 parser_error_multiple_definition(entity, HERE);
5329 /* parse function body */
5330 int label_stack_top = label_top();
5331 function_t *old_current_function = current_function;
5332 current_function = function;
5333 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
5337 goto_anchor = &goto_first;
5339 label_anchor = &label_first;
5341 statement_t *const body = parse_compound_statement(false);
5342 function->statement = body;
5345 check_declarations();
5346 if (is_warn_on(WARN_RETURN_TYPE) ||
5347 is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE) ||
5348 (is_warn_on(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN) && !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN))) {
5349 noreturn_candidate = true;
5350 check_reachable(body);
5351 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE))
5352 walk_statements(body, check_unreachable, NULL);
5353 if (noreturn_candidate &&
5354 !(function->base.modifiers & DM_NORETURN)) {
5355 source_position_t const *const pos = &body->base.source_position;
5356 warningf(WARN_MISSING_NORETURN, pos, "function '%#N' is candidate for attribute 'noreturn'", entity);
5360 if (is_main(entity)) {
5361 /* Force main to C linkage. */
5362 type_t *const type = entity->declaration.type;
5363 assert(is_type_function(type));
5364 if (type->function.linkage != LINKAGE_C) {
5365 type_t *new_type = duplicate_type(type);
5366 new_type->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5367 entity->declaration.type = identify_new_type(new_type);
5370 if (enable_main_collect2_hack)
5371 prepare_main_collect2(entity);
5374 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
5376 assert(current_function == function);
5377 current_function = old_current_function;
5378 label_pop_to(label_stack_top);
5384 static entity_t *find_compound_entry(compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5386 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5387 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5388 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5391 if (iter->base.symbol == symbol) {
5393 } else if (iter->base.symbol == NULL) {
5394 /* search in anonymous structs and unions */
5395 type_t *type = skip_typeref(iter->declaration.type);
5396 if (is_type_compound(type)) {
5397 if (find_compound_entry(type->compound.compound, symbol)
5408 static void check_deprecated(const source_position_t *source_position,
5409 const entity_t *entity)
5411 if (!is_declaration(entity))
5413 if ((entity->declaration.modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) == 0)
5416 source_position_t const *const epos = &entity->base.source_position;
5417 char const *const msg = get_deprecated_string(entity->declaration.attributes);
5419 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P): \"%s\"", entity, epos, msg);
5421 warningf(WARN_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS, source_position, "'%N' is deprecated (declared %P)", entity, epos);
5426 static expression_t *create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5428 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5431 assert(entry->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5433 check_deprecated(pos, entry);
5435 expression_t *select = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_SELECT);
5436 select->select.compound = addr;
5437 select->select.compound_entry = entry;
5439 type_t *entry_type = entry->declaration.type;
5440 type_t *res_type = get_qualified_type(entry_type, qualifiers);
5442 /* bitfields need special treatment */
5443 if (entry->compound_member.bitfield) {
5444 unsigned bit_size = entry->compound_member.bit_size;
5445 /* if fewer bits than an int, convert to int (see §6.3.1.1) */
5446 if (bit_size < get_atomic_type_size(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT) * BITS_PER_BYTE) {
5447 res_type = type_int;
5451 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
5452 * code to revert this! */
5453 select->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
5460 * Find entry with symbol in compound. Search anonymous structs and unions and
5461 * creates implicit select expressions for them.
5462 * Returns the adress for the innermost compound.
5464 static expression_t *find_create_select(const source_position_t *pos,
5466 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers,
5467 compound_t *compound, symbol_t *symbol)
5469 entity_t *iter = compound->members.entities;
5470 for (; iter != NULL; iter = iter->base.next) {
5471 if (iter->kind != ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER)
5474 symbol_t *iter_symbol = iter->base.symbol;
5475 if (iter_symbol == NULL) {
5476 type_t *type = iter->declaration.type;
5477 if (type->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT
5478 && type->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION)
5481 compound_t *sub_compound = type->compound.compound;
5483 if (find_compound_entry(sub_compound, symbol) == NULL)
5486 expression_t *sub_addr = create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5487 sub_addr->base.source_position = *pos;
5488 sub_addr->base.implicit = true;
5489 return find_create_select(pos, sub_addr, qualifiers, sub_compound,
5493 if (iter_symbol == symbol) {
5494 return create_select(pos, addr, qualifiers, iter);
5501 static void parse_bitfield_member(entity_t *entity)
5505 expression_t *size = parse_constant_expression();
5508 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5509 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5510 if (!is_type_integer(skip_typeref(type))) {
5511 errorf(HERE, "bitfield base type '%T' is not an integer type",
5515 if (is_constant_expression(size) != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
5516 /* error already reported by parse_constant_expression */
5517 size_long = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5519 size_long = fold_constant_to_int(size);
5521 const symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5522 const symbol_t *user_symbol
5523 = symbol == NULL ? sym_anonymous : symbol;
5524 unsigned bit_size = get_type_size(type) * 8;
5525 if (size_long < 0) {
5526 errorf(HERE, "negative width in bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5527 } else if (size_long == 0 && symbol != NULL) {
5528 errorf(HERE, "zero width for bit-field '%Y'", user_symbol);
5529 } else if (bit_size > 0 && (unsigned)size_long > bit_size) {
5530 errorf(HERE, "width of bitfield '%Y' exceeds its type",
5533 /* hope that people don't invent crazy types with more bits
5534 * than our struct can hold */
5536 (1 << sizeof(entity->compound_member.bit_size)*8));
5540 entity->compound_member.bitfield = true;
5541 entity->compound_member.bit_size = (unsigned char)size_long;
5544 static void parse_compound_declarators(compound_t *compound,
5545 const declaration_specifiers_t *specifiers)
5547 add_anchor_token(';');
5548 add_anchor_token(',');
5552 if (token.kind == ':') {
5553 /* anonymous bitfield */
5554 type_t *type = specifiers->type;
5555 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, NULL, HERE);
5556 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5557 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_NONE;
5558 entity->declaration.type = type;
5560 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5562 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5563 attribute_t **anchor = &attributes;
5564 while (*anchor != NULL)
5565 anchor = &(*anchor)->next;
5566 *anchor = specifiers->attributes;
5567 if (attributes != NULL) {
5568 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5570 entity->declaration.attributes = attributes;
5572 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5574 entity = parse_declarator(specifiers,
5575 DECL_MAY_BE_ABSTRACT | DECL_CREATE_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5576 source_position_t const *const pos = &entity->base.source_position;
5577 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
5578 errorf(pos, "typedef not allowed as compound member");
5580 assert(entity->kind == ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
5582 /* make sure we don't define a symbol multiple times */
5583 symbol_t *symbol = entity->base.symbol;
5584 if (symbol != NULL) {
5585 entity_t *prev = find_compound_entry(compound, symbol);
5587 source_position_t const *const ppos = &prev->base.source_position;
5588 errorf(pos, "multiple declarations of '%N' (declared %P)", entity, ppos);
5592 if (token.kind == ':') {
5593 parse_bitfield_member(entity);
5595 attribute_t *attributes = parse_attributes(NULL);
5596 handle_entity_attributes(attributes, entity);
5598 type_t *orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
5599 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5600 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5601 errorf(pos, "'%N' must not have function type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5602 } else if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
5603 /* §6.7.2.1:16 flexible array member */
5604 if (!is_type_array(type) ||
5605 token.kind != ';' ||
5606 look_ahead(1)->kind != '}') {
5607 errorf(pos, "'%N' has incomplete type '%T'", entity, orig_type);
5608 } else if (compound->members.entities == NULL) {
5609 errorf(pos, "flexible array member in otherwise empty struct");
5614 append_entity(&compound->members, entity);
5617 } while (next_if(','));
5618 rem_anchor_token(',');
5619 rem_anchor_token(';');
5622 anonymous_entity = NULL;
5625 static void parse_compound_type_entries(compound_t *compound)
5628 add_anchor_token('}');
5631 switch (token.kind) {
5633 case T___extension__:
5634 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
5636 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5637 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5638 parse_compound_declarators(compound, &specifiers);
5644 rem_anchor_token('}');
5647 compound->complete = true;
5653 static type_t *parse_typename(void)
5655 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
5656 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
5657 if (specifiers.storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_NONE
5658 || specifiers.thread_local) {
5659 /* TODO: improve error message, user does probably not know what a
5660 * storage class is...
5662 errorf(&specifiers.source_position, "typename must not have a storage class");
5665 type_t *result = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
5673 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_function)(void);
5674 typedef expression_t* (*parse_expression_infix_function)(expression_t *left);
5676 typedef struct expression_parser_function_t expression_parser_function_t;
5677 struct expression_parser_function_t {
5678 parse_expression_function parser;
5679 precedence_t infix_precedence;
5680 parse_expression_infix_function infix_parser;
5683 static expression_parser_function_t expression_parsers[T_LAST_TOKEN];
5685 static type_t *get_string_type(void)
5687 return is_warn_on(WARN_WRITE_STRINGS) ? type_const_char_ptr : type_char_ptr;
5690 static type_t *get_wide_string_type(void)
5692 return is_warn_on(WARN_WRITE_STRINGS) ? type_const_wchar_t_ptr : type_wchar_t_ptr;
5696 * Parse a string constant.
5698 static expression_t *parse_string_literal(void)
5700 source_position_t begin = token.base.source_position;
5701 string_t res = token.string.string;
5702 bool is_wide = (token.kind == T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL);
5705 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL
5706 || token.kind == T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL) {
5707 warn_string_concat(&token.base.source_position);
5708 res = concat_strings(&res, &token.string.string);
5710 is_wide |= token.kind == T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL;
5713 expression_t *literal;
5715 literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL);
5716 literal->base.type = get_wide_string_type();
5718 literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STRING_LITERAL);
5719 literal->base.type = get_string_type();
5721 literal->base.source_position = begin;
5722 literal->literal.value = res;
5728 * Parse a boolean constant.
5730 static expression_t *parse_boolean_literal(bool value)
5732 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN);
5733 literal->base.type = type_bool;
5734 literal->literal.value.begin = value ? "true" : "false";
5735 literal->literal.value.size = value ? 4 : 5;
5741 static void warn_traditional_suffix(void)
5743 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, HERE, "traditional C rejects the '%S' suffix",
5744 &token.number.suffix);
5747 static void check_integer_suffix(void)
5749 const string_t *suffix = &token.number.suffix;
5750 if (suffix->size == 0)
5753 bool not_traditional = false;
5754 const char *c = suffix->begin;
5755 if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5758 not_traditional = true;
5760 if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5763 } else if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5764 not_traditional = true;
5767 } else if (*c == 'u' || *c == 'U') {
5768 not_traditional = true;
5770 if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5778 errorf(&token.base.source_position,
5779 "invalid suffix '%S' on integer constant", suffix);
5780 } else if (not_traditional) {
5781 warn_traditional_suffix();
5785 static type_t *check_floatingpoint_suffix(void)
5787 const string_t *suffix = &token.number.suffix;
5788 type_t *type = type_double;
5789 if (suffix->size == 0)
5792 bool not_traditional = false;
5793 const char *c = suffix->begin;
5794 if (*c == 'f' || *c == 'F') {
5797 } else if (*c == 'l' || *c == 'L') {
5799 type = type_long_double;
5802 errorf(&token.base.source_position,
5803 "invalid suffix '%S' on floatingpoint constant", suffix);
5804 } else if (not_traditional) {
5805 warn_traditional_suffix();
5812 * Parse an integer constant.
5814 static expression_t *parse_number_literal(void)
5816 expression_kind_t kind;
5819 switch (token.kind) {
5821 kind = EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER;
5822 check_integer_suffix();
5826 case T_FLOATINGPOINT:
5827 kind = EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT;
5828 type = check_floatingpoint_suffix();
5832 panic("unexpected token type in parse_number_literal");
5835 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
5836 literal->base.type = type;
5837 literal->literal.value = token.number.number;
5838 literal->literal.suffix = token.number.suffix;
5841 /* integer type depends on the size of the number and the size
5842 * representable by the types. The backend/codegeneration has to determine
5845 determine_literal_type(&literal->literal);
5850 * Parse a character constant.
5852 static expression_t *parse_character_constant(void)
5854 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER);
5855 literal->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_char : type_int;
5856 literal->literal.value = token.string.string;
5858 size_t len = literal->literal.value.size;
5860 if (!GNU_MODE && !(c_mode & _C99)) {
5861 errorf(HERE, "more than 1 character in character constant");
5863 literal->base.type = type_int;
5864 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5873 * Parse a wide character constant.
5875 static expression_t *parse_wide_character_constant(void)
5877 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER);
5878 literal->base.type = type_int;
5879 literal->literal.value = token.string.string;
5881 size_t len = wstrlen(&literal->literal.value);
5883 warningf(WARN_MULTICHAR, HERE, "multi-character character constant");
5890 static entity_t *create_implicit_function(symbol_t *symbol, source_position_t const *const pos)
5892 type_t *ntype = allocate_type_zero(TYPE_FUNCTION);
5893 ntype->function.return_type = type_int;
5894 ntype->function.unspecified_parameters = true;
5895 ntype->function.linkage = LINKAGE_C;
5896 type_t *type = identify_new_type(ntype);
5898 entity_t *const entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_FUNCTION, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, pos);
5899 entity->declaration.storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5900 entity->declaration.declared_storage_class = STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN;
5901 entity->declaration.type = type;
5902 entity->declaration.implicit = true;
5904 if (current_scope != NULL)
5905 record_entity(entity, false);
5911 * Performs automatic type cast as described in §6.3.2.1.
5913 * @param orig_type the original type
5915 static type_t *automatic_type_conversion(type_t *orig_type)
5917 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
5918 if (is_type_array(type)) {
5919 array_type_t *array_type = &type->array;
5920 type_t *element_type = array_type->element_type;
5921 unsigned qualifiers = array_type->base.qualifiers;
5923 return make_pointer_type(element_type, qualifiers);
5926 if (is_type_function(type)) {
5927 return make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5934 * reverts the automatic casts of array to pointer types and function
5935 * to function-pointer types as defined §6.3.2.1
5937 type_t *revert_automatic_type_conversion(const expression_t *expression)
5939 switch (expression->kind) {
5940 case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
5941 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
5942 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
5943 return entity->declaration.type;
5944 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
5945 return entity->enum_value.enum_type;
5947 panic("no declaration or enum in reference");
5952 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
5953 assert(is_declaration(entity));
5954 type_t *type = entity->declaration.type;
5955 return get_qualified_type(type, expression->base.type->base.qualifiers);
5958 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
5959 const expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
5960 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
5961 if (!is_type_pointer(type))
5962 return type_error_type;
5963 return type->pointer.points_to;
5966 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
5967 const expression_t *array_ref = expression->array_access.array_ref;
5968 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(array_ref->base.type);
5969 if (!is_type_pointer(type_left))
5970 return type_error_type;
5971 return type_left->pointer.points_to;
5974 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: {
5975 size_t size = expression->string_literal.value.size;
5976 return make_array_type(type_char, size, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5979 case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL: {
5980 size_t size = wstrlen(&expression->string_literal.value);
5981 return make_array_type(type_wchar_t, size, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
5984 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
5985 return expression->compound_literal.type;
5990 return expression->base.type;
5994 * Find an entity matching a symbol in a scope.
5995 * Uses current scope if scope is NULL
5997 static entity_t *lookup_entity(const scope_t *scope, symbol_t *symbol,
5998 namespace_tag_t namespc)
6000 if (scope == NULL) {
6001 return get_entity(symbol, namespc);
6004 /* we should optimize here, if scope grows above a certain size we should
6005 construct a hashmap here... */
6006 entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
6007 for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
6008 if (entity->base.symbol == symbol
6009 && (namespace_tag_t)entity->base.namespc == namespc)
6016 static entity_t *parse_qualified_identifier(void)
6018 /* namespace containing the symbol */
6020 source_position_t pos;
6021 const scope_t *lookup_scope = NULL;
6023 if (next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
6024 lookup_scope = &unit->scope;
6028 symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing identifier", &pos);
6030 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6033 entity = lookup_entity(lookup_scope, symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
6035 if (!next_if(T_COLONCOLON))
6038 switch (entity->kind) {
6039 case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
6040 lookup_scope = &entity->namespacee.members;
6045 lookup_scope = &entity->compound.members;
6048 errorf(&pos, "'%Y' must be a namespace, class, struct or union (but is a %s)",
6049 symbol, get_entity_kind_name(entity->kind));
6051 /* skip further qualifications */
6052 while (next_if(T_IDENTIFIER) && next_if(T_COLONCOLON)) {}
6054 return create_error_entity(sym_anonymous, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6058 if (entity == NULL) {
6059 if (!strict_mode && token.kind == '(') {
6060 /* an implicitly declared function */
6061 entity = create_implicit_function(symbol, &pos);
6062 warningf(WARN_IMPLICIT_FUNCTION_DECLARATION, &pos, "implicit declaration of '%N'", entity);
6064 errorf(&pos, "unknown identifier '%Y' found.", symbol);
6065 entity = create_error_entity(symbol, ENTITY_VARIABLE);
6072 static expression_t *parse_reference(void)
6074 source_position_t const pos = token.base.source_position;
6075 entity_t *const entity = parse_qualified_identifier();
6078 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6079 orig_type = entity->declaration.type;
6080 } else if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE) {
6081 orig_type = entity->enum_value.enum_type;
6083 panic("expected declaration or enum value in reference");
6086 /* we always do the auto-type conversions; the & and sizeof parser contains
6087 * code to revert this! */
6088 type_t *type = automatic_type_conversion(orig_type);
6090 expression_kind_t kind = EXPR_REFERENCE;
6091 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
6092 kind = EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT;
6094 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6095 expression->base.source_position = pos;
6096 expression->base.type = type;
6097 expression->reference.entity = entity;
6099 /* this declaration is used */
6100 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
6101 entity->declaration.used = true;
6104 if (entity->base.parent_scope != file_scope
6105 && (current_function != NULL
6106 && entity->base.parent_scope->depth < current_function->parameters.depth)
6107 && (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE || entity->kind == ENTITY_PARAMETER)) {
6108 /* access of a variable from an outer function */
6109 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
6110 current_function->need_closure = true;
6113 check_deprecated(&pos, entity);
6118 static bool semantic_cast(expression_t *cast)
6120 expression_t *expression = cast->unary.value;
6121 type_t *orig_dest_type = cast->base.type;
6122 type_t *orig_type_right = expression->base.type;
6123 type_t const *dst_type = skip_typeref(orig_dest_type);
6124 type_t const *src_type = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6125 source_position_t const *pos = &cast->base.source_position;
6127 /* §6.5.4 A (void) cast is explicitly permitted, more for documentation than for utility. */
6128 if (is_type_void(dst_type))
6131 /* only integer and pointer can be casted to pointer */
6132 if (is_type_pointer(dst_type) &&
6133 !is_type_pointer(src_type) &&
6134 !is_type_integer(src_type) &&
6135 is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6136 errorf(pos, "cannot convert type '%T' to a pointer type", orig_type_right);
6140 if (!is_type_scalar(dst_type) && is_type_valid(dst_type)) {
6141 errorf(pos, "conversion to non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_dest_type);
6145 if (!is_type_scalar(src_type) && is_type_valid(src_type)) {
6146 errorf(pos, "conversion from non-scalar type '%T' requested", orig_type_right);
6150 if (is_type_pointer(src_type) && is_type_pointer(dst_type)) {
6151 type_t *src = skip_typeref(src_type->pointer.points_to);
6152 type_t *dst = skip_typeref(dst_type->pointer.points_to);
6153 unsigned missing_qualifiers =
6154 src->base.qualifiers & ~dst->base.qualifiers;
6155 if (missing_qualifiers != 0) {
6156 warningf(WARN_CAST_QUAL, pos, "cast discards qualifiers '%Q' in pointer target type of '%T'", missing_qualifiers, orig_type_right);
6162 static expression_t *parse_compound_literal(source_position_t const *const pos, type_t *type)
6164 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL);
6165 expression->base.source_position = *pos;
6167 parse_initializer_env_t env;
6170 env.must_be_constant = false;
6171 initializer_t *initializer = parse_initializer(&env);
6174 expression->compound_literal.initializer = initializer;
6175 expression->compound_literal.type = type;
6176 expression->base.type = automatic_type_conversion(type);
6182 * Parse a cast expression.
6184 static expression_t *parse_cast(void)
6186 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6189 add_anchor_token(')');
6191 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6193 rem_anchor_token(')');
6196 if (token.kind == '{') {
6197 return parse_compound_literal(&pos, type);
6200 expression_t *cast = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
6201 cast->base.source_position = pos;
6203 expression_t *value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
6204 cast->base.type = type;
6205 cast->unary.value = value;
6207 if (! semantic_cast(cast)) {
6208 /* TODO: record the error in the AST. else it is impossible to detect it */
6215 * Parse a statement expression.
6217 static expression_t *parse_statement_expression(void)
6219 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_STATEMENT);
6222 add_anchor_token(')');
6224 statement_t *statement = parse_compound_statement(true);
6225 statement->compound.stmt_expr = true;
6226 expression->statement.statement = statement;
6228 /* find last statement and use its type */
6229 type_t *type = type_void;
6230 const statement_t *stmt = statement->compound.statements;
6232 while (stmt->base.next != NULL)
6233 stmt = stmt->base.next;
6235 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
6236 type = stmt->expression.expression->base.type;
6239 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
6240 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty statement expression ({})");
6242 expression->base.type = type;
6244 rem_anchor_token(')');
6250 * Parse a parenthesized expression.
6252 static expression_t *parse_parenthesized_expression(void)
6254 token_t const* const la1 = look_ahead(1);
6255 switch (la1->kind) {
6257 /* gcc extension: a statement expression */
6258 return parse_statement_expression();
6261 if (is_typedef_symbol(la1->base.symbol)) {
6263 return parse_cast();
6268 add_anchor_token(')');
6269 expression_t *result = parse_expression();
6270 result->base.parenthesized = true;
6271 rem_anchor_token(')');
6277 static expression_t *parse_function_keyword(void)
6281 if (current_function == NULL) {
6282 errorf(HERE, "'__func__' used outside of a function");
6285 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6286 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6287 expression->funcname.kind = FUNCNAME_FUNCTION;
6294 static expression_t *parse_pretty_function_keyword(void)
6296 if (current_function == NULL) {
6297 errorf(HERE, "'__PRETTY_FUNCTION__' used outside of a function");
6300 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6301 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6302 expression->funcname.kind = FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION;
6304 eat(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
6309 static expression_t *parse_funcsig_keyword(void)
6311 if (current_function == NULL) {
6312 errorf(HERE, "'__FUNCSIG__' used outside of a function");
6315 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6316 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6317 expression->funcname.kind = FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG;
6324 static expression_t *parse_funcdname_keyword(void)
6326 if (current_function == NULL) {
6327 errorf(HERE, "'__FUNCDNAME__' used outside of a function");
6330 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_FUNCNAME);
6331 expression->base.type = type_char_ptr;
6332 expression->funcname.kind = FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME;
6334 eat(T___FUNCDNAME__);
6339 static designator_t *parse_designator(void)
6341 designator_t *const result = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6342 result->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &result->source_position);
6343 if (!result->symbol)
6346 designator_t *last_designator = result;
6349 designator_t *const designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6350 designator->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing member designator", &designator->source_position);
6351 if (!designator->symbol)
6354 last_designator->next = designator;
6355 last_designator = designator;
6359 add_anchor_token(']');
6360 designator_t *designator = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(result[0]));
6361 designator->source_position = *HERE;
6362 designator->array_index = parse_expression();
6363 rem_anchor_token(']');
6365 if (designator->array_index == NULL) {
6369 last_designator->next = designator;
6370 last_designator = designator;
6380 * Parse the __builtin_offsetof() expression.
6382 static expression_t *parse_offsetof(void)
6384 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_OFFSETOF);
6385 expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6387 eat(T___builtin_offsetof);
6390 add_anchor_token(')');
6391 add_anchor_token(',');
6392 type_t *type = parse_typename();
6393 rem_anchor_token(',');
6395 designator_t *designator = parse_designator();
6396 rem_anchor_token(')');
6399 expression->offsetofe.type = type;
6400 expression->offsetofe.designator = designator;
6403 memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
6404 path.top_type = type;
6405 path.path = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);
6407 descend_into_subtype(&path);
6409 if (!walk_designator(&path, designator, true)) {
6410 return create_error_expression();
6413 DEL_ARR_F(path.path);
6419 * Parses a _builtin_va_start() expression.
6421 static expression_t *parse_va_start(void)
6423 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_START);
6425 eat(T___builtin_va_start);
6428 add_anchor_token(')');
6429 add_anchor_token(',');
6430 expression->va_starte.ap = parse_assignment_expression();
6431 rem_anchor_token(',');
6433 expression_t *const param = parse_assignment_expression();
6434 expression->va_starte.parameter = param;
6435 rem_anchor_token(')');
6438 if (!current_function) {
6439 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used outside of function");
6440 } else if (!current_function->base.type->function.variadic) {
6441 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'va_start' used in non-variadic function");
6442 } else if (param->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
6443 entity_t *const entity = param->reference.entity;
6444 if (entity->base.parent_scope != ¤t_function->parameters ||
6445 entity->base.next != NULL ||
6446 entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER) {
6447 errorf(¶m->base.source_position,
6448 "second argument of 'va_start' must be last parameter of the current function");
6451 expression = create_error_expression();
6458 * Parses a __builtin_va_arg() expression.
6460 static expression_t *parse_va_arg(void)
6462 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_ARG);
6464 eat(T___builtin_va_arg);
6467 add_anchor_token(')');
6468 add_anchor_token(',');
6470 ap.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6471 expression->va_arge.ap = ap.expression;
6472 check_call_argument(type_valist, &ap, 1);
6474 rem_anchor_token(',');
6476 expression->base.type = parse_typename();
6477 rem_anchor_token(')');
6484 * Parses a __builtin_va_copy() expression.
6486 static expression_t *parse_va_copy(void)
6488 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_VA_COPY);
6490 eat(T___builtin_va_copy);
6493 add_anchor_token(')');
6494 add_anchor_token(',');
6495 expression_t *dst = parse_assignment_expression();
6496 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(type_valist, dst);
6497 report_assign_error(error, type_valist, dst, "call argument 1",
6498 &dst->base.source_position);
6499 expression->va_copye.dst = dst;
6501 rem_anchor_token(',');
6504 call_argument_t src;
6505 src.expression = parse_assignment_expression();
6506 check_call_argument(type_valist, &src, 2);
6507 expression->va_copye.src = src.expression;
6508 rem_anchor_token(')');
6515 * Parses a __builtin_constant_p() expression.
6517 static expression_t *parse_builtin_constant(void)
6519 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P);
6521 eat(T___builtin_constant_p);
6524 add_anchor_token(')');
6525 expression->builtin_constant.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6526 rem_anchor_token(')');
6528 expression->base.type = type_int;
6534 * Parses a __builtin_types_compatible_p() expression.
6536 static expression_t *parse_builtin_types_compatible(void)
6538 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P);
6540 eat(T___builtin_types_compatible_p);
6543 add_anchor_token(')');
6544 add_anchor_token(',');
6545 expression->builtin_types_compatible.left = parse_typename();
6546 rem_anchor_token(',');
6548 expression->builtin_types_compatible.right = parse_typename();
6549 rem_anchor_token(')');
6551 expression->base.type = type_int;
6557 * Parses a __builtin_is_*() compare expression.
6559 static expression_t *parse_compare_builtin(void)
6561 expression_t *expression;
6563 switch (token.kind) {
6564 case T___builtin_isgreater:
6565 expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER);
6567 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
6568 expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL);
6570 case T___builtin_isless:
6571 expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS);
6573 case T___builtin_islessequal:
6574 expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL);
6576 case T___builtin_islessgreater:
6577 expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER);
6579 case T___builtin_isunordered:
6580 expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED);
6583 internal_errorf(HERE, "invalid compare builtin found");
6585 expression->base.source_position = *HERE;
6589 add_anchor_token(')');
6590 add_anchor_token(',');
6591 expression->binary.left = parse_assignment_expression();
6592 rem_anchor_token(',');
6594 expression->binary.right = parse_assignment_expression();
6595 rem_anchor_token(')');
6598 type_t *const orig_type_left = expression->binary.left->base.type;
6599 type_t *const orig_type_right = expression->binary.right->base.type;
6601 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6602 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
6603 if (!is_type_float(type_left) && !is_type_float(type_right)) {
6604 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
6605 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison",
6606 &expression->base.source_position, orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
6609 semantic_comparison(&expression->binary);
6616 * Parses a MS assume() expression.
6618 static expression_t *parse_assume(void)
6620 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME);
6625 add_anchor_token(')');
6626 expression->unary.value = parse_assignment_expression();
6627 rem_anchor_token(')');
6630 expression->base.type = type_void;
6635 * Return the label for the current symbol or create a new one.
6637 static label_t *get_label(void)
6639 assert(token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER);
6640 assert(current_function != NULL);
6642 entity_t *label = get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
6643 /* If we find a local label, we already created the declaration. */
6644 if (label != NULL && label->kind == ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL) {
6645 if (label->base.parent_scope != current_scope) {
6646 assert(label->base.parent_scope->depth < current_scope->depth);
6647 current_function->goto_to_outer = true;
6649 } else if (label == NULL || label->base.parent_scope != ¤t_function->parameters) {
6650 /* There is no matching label in the same function, so create a new one. */
6651 source_position_t const nowhere = { NULL, 0, 0, false };
6652 label = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, token.base.symbol, &nowhere);
6657 return &label->label;
6661 * Parses a GNU && label address expression.
6663 static expression_t *parse_label_address(void)
6665 source_position_t source_position = token.base.source_position;
6667 if (token.kind != T_IDENTIFIER) {
6668 parse_error_expected("while parsing label address", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
6669 return create_error_expression();
6672 label_t *const label = get_label();
6674 label->address_taken = true;
6676 expression_t *expression = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS);
6677 expression->base.source_position = source_position;
6679 /* label address is treated as a void pointer */
6680 expression->base.type = type_void_ptr;
6681 expression->label_address.label = label;
6686 * Parse a microsoft __noop expression.
6688 static expression_t *parse_noop_expression(void)
6690 /* the result is a (int)0 */
6691 expression_t *literal = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP);
6692 literal->base.type = type_int;
6693 literal->literal.value.begin = "__noop";
6694 literal->literal.value.size = 6;
6698 if (token.kind == '(') {
6699 /* parse arguments */
6701 add_anchor_token(')');
6702 add_anchor_token(',');
6704 if (token.kind != ')') do {
6705 (void)parse_assignment_expression();
6706 } while (next_if(','));
6708 rem_anchor_token(',');
6709 rem_anchor_token(')');
6717 * Parses a primary expression.
6719 static expression_t *parse_primary_expression(void)
6721 switch (token.kind) {
6722 case T_false: return parse_boolean_literal(false);
6723 case T_true: return parse_boolean_literal(true);
6725 case T_FLOATINGPOINT: return parse_number_literal();
6726 case T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: return parse_character_constant();
6727 case T_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT: return parse_wide_character_constant();
6728 case T_STRING_LITERAL:
6729 case T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL: return parse_string_literal();
6730 case T___FUNCTION__:
6731 case T___func__: return parse_function_keyword();
6732 case T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: return parse_pretty_function_keyword();
6733 case T___FUNCSIG__: return parse_funcsig_keyword();
6734 case T___FUNCDNAME__: return parse_funcdname_keyword();
6735 case T___builtin_offsetof: return parse_offsetof();
6736 case T___builtin_va_start: return parse_va_start();
6737 case T___builtin_va_arg: return parse_va_arg();
6738 case T___builtin_va_copy: return parse_va_copy();
6739 case T___builtin_isgreater:
6740 case T___builtin_isgreaterequal:
6741 case T___builtin_isless:
6742 case T___builtin_islessequal:
6743 case T___builtin_islessgreater:
6744 case T___builtin_isunordered: return parse_compare_builtin();
6745 case T___builtin_constant_p: return parse_builtin_constant();
6746 case T___builtin_types_compatible_p: return parse_builtin_types_compatible();
6747 case T__assume: return parse_assume();
6750 return parse_label_address();
6753 case '(': return parse_parenthesized_expression();
6754 case T___noop: return parse_noop_expression();
6756 /* Gracefully handle type names while parsing expressions. */
6758 return parse_reference();
6760 if (!is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
6761 return parse_reference();
6765 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6766 declaration_specifiers_t specifiers;
6767 parse_declaration_specifiers(&specifiers);
6768 type_t const *const type = parse_abstract_declarator(specifiers.type);
6769 errorf(&pos, "encountered type '%T' while parsing expression", type);
6770 return create_error_expression();
6774 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K, expected an expression", &token);
6776 return create_error_expression();
6779 static expression_t *parse_array_expression(expression_t *left)
6781 expression_t *const expr = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS);
6782 array_access_expression_t *const arr = &expr->array_access;
6785 add_anchor_token(']');
6787 expression_t *const inside = parse_expression();
6789 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
6790 type_t *const orig_type_inside = inside->base.type;
6792 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
6793 type_t *const type_inside = skip_typeref(orig_type_inside);
6799 if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
6802 idx_type = type_inside;
6803 res_type = type_left->pointer.points_to;
6805 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_inside)) {
6806 arr->flipped = true;
6809 idx_type = type_left;
6810 res_type = type_inside->pointer.points_to;
6812 res_type = automatic_type_conversion(res_type);
6813 if (!is_type_integer(idx_type)) {
6814 errorf(&idx->base.source_position, "array subscript must have integer type");
6815 } else if (is_type_atomic(idx_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR)) {
6816 source_position_t const *const pos = &idx->base.source_position;
6817 warningf(WARN_CHAR_SUBSCRIPTS, pos, "array subscript has char type");
6820 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_inside)) {
6821 errorf(&expr->base.source_position, "invalid types '%T[%T]' for array access", orig_type_left, orig_type_inside);
6823 res_type = type_error_type;
6828 arr->array_ref = ref;
6830 arr->base.type = res_type;
6832 rem_anchor_token(']');
6837 static bool is_bitfield(const expression_t *expression)
6839 return expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT
6840 && expression->select.compound_entry->compound_member.bitfield;
6843 static expression_t *parse_typeprop(expression_kind_t const kind)
6845 expression_t *tp_expression = allocate_expression_zero(kind);
6846 tp_expression->base.type = type_size_t;
6848 eat(kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? T_sizeof : T___alignof__);
6851 expression_t *expression;
6852 if (token.kind == '(' && is_declaration_specifier(look_ahead(1))) {
6853 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6855 add_anchor_token(')');
6856 orig_type = parse_typename();
6857 rem_anchor_token(')');
6860 if (token.kind == '{') {
6861 /* It was not sizeof(type) after all. It is sizeof of an expression
6862 * starting with a compound literal */
6863 expression = parse_compound_literal(&pos, orig_type);
6864 goto typeprop_expression;
6867 expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
6869 typeprop_expression:
6870 if (is_bitfield(expression)) {
6871 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6872 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6873 "operand of %s expression must not be a bitfield", what);
6876 tp_expression->typeprop.tp_expression = expression;
6878 orig_type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression);
6879 expression->base.type = orig_type;
6882 tp_expression->typeprop.type = orig_type;
6883 type_t const* const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6884 char const* wrong_type = NULL;
6885 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
6886 if (!is_type_void(type) || !GNU_MODE)
6887 wrong_type = "incomplete";
6888 } else if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
6890 /* function types are allowed (and return 1) */
6891 source_position_t const *const pos = &tp_expression->base.source_position;
6892 char const *const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6893 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "%s expression with function argument returns invalid result", what);
6895 wrong_type = "function";
6899 if (wrong_type != NULL) {
6900 char const* const what = kind == EXPR_SIZEOF ? "sizeof" : "alignof";
6901 errorf(&tp_expression->base.source_position,
6902 "operand of %s expression must not be of %s type '%T'",
6903 what, wrong_type, orig_type);
6906 return tp_expression;
6909 static expression_t *parse_sizeof(void)
6911 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_SIZEOF);
6914 static expression_t *parse_alignof(void)
6916 return parse_typeprop(EXPR_ALIGNOF);
6919 static expression_t *parse_select_expression(expression_t *addr)
6921 assert(token.kind == '.' || token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6922 bool select_left_arrow = (token.kind == T_MINUSGREATER);
6923 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
6926 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing select", NULL);
6928 return create_error_expression();
6930 type_t *const orig_type = addr->base.type;
6931 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
6934 bool saw_error = false;
6935 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
6936 if (!select_left_arrow) {
6938 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6942 type_left = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
6944 if (select_left_arrow && is_type_valid(type)) {
6945 errorf(&pos, "left hand side of '->' is not a pointer, but '%T'", orig_type);
6951 if (type_left->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT &&
6952 type_left->kind != TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
6954 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && !saw_error) {
6956 "request for member '%Y' in something not a struct or union, but '%T'",
6959 return create_error_expression();
6962 compound_t *compound = type_left->compound.compound;
6963 if (!compound->complete) {
6964 errorf(&pos, "request for member '%Y' in incomplete type '%T'",
6966 return create_error_expression();
6969 type_qualifiers_t qualifiers = type_left->base.qualifiers;
6970 expression_t *result =
6971 find_create_select(&pos, addr, qualifiers, compound, symbol);
6973 if (result == NULL) {
6974 errorf(&pos, "'%T' has no member named '%Y'", orig_type, symbol);
6975 return create_error_expression();
6981 static void check_call_argument(type_t *expected_type,
6982 call_argument_t *argument, unsigned pos)
6984 type_t *expected_type_skip = skip_typeref(expected_type);
6985 assign_error_t error = ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE;
6986 expression_t *arg_expr = argument->expression;
6987 type_t *arg_type = skip_typeref(arg_expr->base.type);
6989 /* handle transparent union gnu extension */
6990 if (is_type_union(expected_type_skip)
6991 && (get_type_modifiers(expected_type) & DM_TRANSPARENT_UNION)) {
6992 compound_t *union_decl = expected_type_skip->compound.compound;
6993 type_t *best_type = NULL;
6994 entity_t *entry = union_decl->members.entities;
6995 for ( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
6996 assert(is_declaration(entry));
6997 type_t *decl_type = entry->declaration.type;
6998 error = semantic_assign(decl_type, arg_expr);
6999 if (error == ASSIGN_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE
7000 || error == ASSIGN_ERROR_POINTER_QUALIFIER_MISSING)
7003 if (error == ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
7004 best_type = decl_type;
7005 } else if (best_type == NULL) {
7006 best_type = decl_type;
7010 if (best_type != NULL) {
7011 expected_type = best_type;
7015 error = semantic_assign(expected_type, arg_expr);
7016 argument->expression = create_implicit_cast(arg_expr, expected_type);
7018 if (error != ASSIGN_SUCCESS) {
7019 /* report exact scope in error messages (like "in argument 3") */
7021 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "call argument %u", pos);
7022 report_assign_error(error, expected_type, arg_expr, buf,
7023 &arg_expr->base.source_position);
7025 type_t *const promoted_type = get_default_promoted_type(arg_type);
7026 if (!types_compatible(expected_type_skip, promoted_type) &&
7027 !types_compatible(expected_type_skip, type_void_ptr) &&
7028 !types_compatible(type_void_ptr, promoted_type)) {
7029 /* Deliberately show the skipped types in this warning */
7030 source_position_t const *const apos = &arg_expr->base.source_position;
7031 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, apos, "passing call argument %u as '%T' rather than '%T' due to prototype", pos, expected_type_skip, promoted_type);
7037 * Handle the semantic restrictions of builtin calls
7039 static void handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call_expression_t *call)
7041 entity_t *entity = call->function->reference.entity;
7042 switch (entity->function.btk) {
7044 switch (entity->function.b.firm_builtin_kind) {
7045 case ir_bk_return_address:
7046 case ir_bk_frame_address: {
7047 /* argument must be constant */
7048 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
7050 if (is_constant_expression(argument->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7051 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7052 "argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7053 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7057 case ir_bk_prefetch:
7058 /* second and third argument must be constant if existent */
7059 if (call->arguments == NULL)
7061 call_argument_t *rw = call->arguments->next;
7062 call_argument_t *locality = NULL;
7065 if (is_constant_expression(rw->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7066 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7067 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7068 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7070 locality = rw->next;
7072 if (locality != NULL) {
7073 if (is_constant_expression(locality->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7074 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7075 "third argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7076 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7078 locality = rw->next;
7085 case BUILTIN_OBJECT_SIZE:
7086 if (call->arguments == NULL)
7089 call_argument_t *arg = call->arguments->next;
7090 if (arg != NULL && is_constant_expression(arg->expression) == EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE) {
7091 errorf(&call->base.source_position,
7092 "second argument of '%Y' must be a constant expression",
7093 call->function->reference.entity->base.symbol);
7102 * Parse a call expression, ie. expression '( ... )'.
7104 * @param expression the function address
7106 static expression_t *parse_call_expression(expression_t *expression)
7108 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
7109 call_expression_t *call = &result->call;
7110 call->function = expression;
7112 type_t *const orig_type = expression->base.type;
7113 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7115 function_type_t *function_type = NULL;
7116 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7117 type_t *const to_type = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7119 if (is_type_function(to_type)) {
7120 function_type = &to_type->function;
7121 call->base.type = function_type->return_type;
7125 if (function_type == NULL && is_type_valid(type)) {
7127 "called object '%E' (type '%T') is not a pointer to a function",
7128 expression, orig_type);
7131 /* parse arguments */
7133 add_anchor_token(')');
7134 add_anchor_token(',');
7136 if (token.kind != ')') {
7137 call_argument_t **anchor = &call->arguments;
7139 call_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(*argument));
7140 argument->expression = parse_assignment_expression();
7143 anchor = &argument->next;
7144 } while (next_if(','));
7146 rem_anchor_token(',');
7147 rem_anchor_token(')');
7150 if (function_type == NULL)
7153 /* check type and count of call arguments */
7154 function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
7155 call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
7156 if (!function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
7157 for (unsigned pos = 0; parameter != NULL && argument != NULL;
7158 parameter = parameter->next, argument = argument->next) {
7159 check_call_argument(parameter->type, argument, ++pos);
7162 if (parameter != NULL) {
7163 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "too few arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7164 } else if (argument != NULL && !function_type->variadic) {
7165 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position, "too many arguments to function '%E'", expression);
7169 /* do default promotion for other arguments */
7170 for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
7171 type_t *argument_type = argument->expression->base.type;
7172 if (!is_type_object(skip_typeref(argument_type))) {
7173 errorf(&argument->expression->base.source_position,
7174 "call argument '%E' must not be void", argument->expression);
7177 argument_type = get_default_promoted_type(argument_type);
7179 argument->expression
7180 = create_implicit_cast(argument->expression, argument_type);
7185 if (is_type_compound(skip_typeref(function_type->return_type))) {
7186 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7187 warningf(WARN_AGGREGATE_RETURN, pos, "function call has aggregate value");
7190 if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
7191 reference_expression_t *reference = &expression->reference;
7192 if (reference->entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION &&
7193 reference->entity->function.btk != BUILTIN_NONE)
7194 handle_builtin_argument_restrictions(call);
7200 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right);
7202 static bool same_compound_type(const type_t *type1, const type_t *type2)
7205 is_type_compound(type1) &&
7206 type1->kind == type2->kind &&
7207 type1->compound.compound == type2->compound.compound;
7210 static expression_t const *get_reference_address(expression_t const *expr)
7212 bool regular_take_address = true;
7214 if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
7215 expr = expr->unary.value;
7217 regular_take_address = false;
7220 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
7223 expr = expr->unary.value;
7226 if (expr->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7229 /* special case for functions which are automatically converted to a
7230 * pointer to function without an extra TAKE_ADDRESS operation */
7231 if (!regular_take_address &&
7232 expr->reference.entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
7239 static void warn_reference_address_as_bool(expression_t const* expr)
7241 expr = get_reference_address(expr);
7243 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7244 entity_t const *const ent = expr->reference.entity;
7245 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will always evaluate as 'true'", ent);
7249 static void warn_assignment_in_condition(const expression_t *const expr)
7251 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN)
7253 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7255 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7256 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value");
7259 static void semantic_condition(expression_t const *const expr,
7260 char const *const context)
7262 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
7263 if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
7264 warn_reference_address_as_bool(expr);
7265 warn_assignment_in_condition(expr);
7266 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7267 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
7268 "%s must have scalar type", context);
7273 * Parse a conditional expression, ie. 'expression ? ... : ...'.
7275 * @param expression the conditional expression
7277 static expression_t *parse_conditional_expression(expression_t *expression)
7279 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CONDITIONAL);
7281 conditional_expression_t *conditional = &result->conditional;
7282 conditional->condition = expression;
7285 add_anchor_token(':');
7287 /* §6.5.15:2 The first operand shall have scalar type. */
7288 semantic_condition(expression, "condition of conditional operator");
7290 expression_t *true_expression = expression;
7291 bool gnu_cond = false;
7292 if (GNU_MODE && token.kind == ':') {
7295 true_expression = parse_expression();
7297 rem_anchor_token(':');
7299 expression_t *false_expression =
7300 parse_subexpression(c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL);
7302 type_t *const orig_true_type = true_expression->base.type;
7303 type_t *const orig_false_type = false_expression->base.type;
7304 type_t *const true_type = skip_typeref(orig_true_type);
7305 type_t *const false_type = skip_typeref(orig_false_type);
7308 source_position_t const *const pos = &conditional->base.source_position;
7309 type_t *result_type;
7310 if (is_type_void(true_type) || is_type_void(false_type)) {
7311 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.16:2 */
7312 if (true_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7313 result_type = false_type;
7314 } else if (false_expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_THROW) {
7315 result_type = true_type;
7317 if (!is_type_void(true_type) || !is_type_void(false_type)) {
7318 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "ISO C forbids conditional expression with only one void side");
7320 result_type = type_void;
7322 } else if (is_type_arithmetic(true_type)
7323 && is_type_arithmetic(false_type)) {
7324 result_type = semantic_arithmetic(true_type, false_type);
7325 } else if (same_compound_type(true_type, false_type)) {
7326 /* just take 1 of the 2 types */
7327 result_type = true_type;
7328 } else if (is_type_pointer(true_type) || is_type_pointer(false_type)) {
7329 type_t *pointer_type;
7331 expression_t *other_expression;
7332 if (is_type_pointer(true_type) &&
7333 (!is_type_pointer(false_type) || is_null_pointer_constant(false_expression))) {
7334 pointer_type = true_type;
7335 other_type = false_type;
7336 other_expression = false_expression;
7338 pointer_type = false_type;
7339 other_type = true_type;
7340 other_expression = true_expression;
7343 if (is_null_pointer_constant(other_expression)) {
7344 result_type = pointer_type;
7345 } else if (is_type_pointer(other_type)) {
7346 type_t *to1 = skip_typeref(pointer_type->pointer.points_to);
7347 type_t *to2 = skip_typeref(other_type->pointer.points_to);
7350 if (is_type_void(to1) || is_type_void(to2)) {
7352 } else if (types_compatible(get_unqualified_type(to1),
7353 get_unqualified_type(to2))) {
7356 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer types '%T' and '%T' in conditional expression are incompatible", true_type, false_type);
7360 type_t *const type =
7361 get_qualified_type(to, to1->base.qualifiers | to2->base.qualifiers);
7362 result_type = make_pointer_type(type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7363 } else if (is_type_integer(other_type)) {
7364 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "pointer/integer type mismatch in conditional expression ('%T' and '%T')", true_type, false_type);
7365 result_type = pointer_type;
7367 goto types_incompatible;
7371 if (is_type_valid(true_type) && is_type_valid(false_type)) {
7372 type_error_incompatible("while parsing conditional", pos, true_type, false_type);
7374 result_type = type_error_type;
7377 conditional->true_expression
7378 = gnu_cond ? NULL : create_implicit_cast(true_expression, result_type);
7379 conditional->false_expression
7380 = create_implicit_cast(false_expression, result_type);
7381 conditional->base.type = result_type;
7386 * Parse an extension expression.
7388 static expression_t *parse_extension(void)
7391 expression_t *expression = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY);
7397 * Parse a __builtin_classify_type() expression.
7399 static expression_t *parse_builtin_classify_type(void)
7401 expression_t *result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE);
7402 result->base.type = type_int;
7404 eat(T___builtin_classify_type);
7407 add_anchor_token(')');
7408 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
7409 rem_anchor_token(')');
7411 result->classify_type.type_expression = expression;
7417 * Parse a delete expression
7418 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §5.3.5
7420 static expression_t *parse_delete(void)
7422 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_DELETE);
7423 result->base.type = type_void;
7428 result->kind = EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY;
7432 expression_t *const value = parse_subexpression(PREC_CAST);
7433 result->unary.value = value;
7435 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
7436 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7437 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7438 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7439 "operand of delete must have pointer type");
7441 } else if (is_type_void(skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to))) {
7442 source_position_t const *const pos = &value->base.source_position;
7443 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "deleting 'void*' is undefined");
7450 * Parse a throw expression
7451 * ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15:1
7453 static expression_t *parse_throw(void)
7455 expression_t *const result = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_UNARY_THROW);
7456 result->base.type = type_void;
7460 expression_t *value = NULL;
7461 switch (token.kind) {
7463 value = parse_assignment_expression();
7464 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §15.1:3 */
7465 type_t *const orig_type = value->base.type;
7466 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7467 if (is_type_incomplete(type)) {
7468 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7469 "cannot throw object of incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7470 } else if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7471 type_t *const points_to = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
7472 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to) && !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7473 errorf(&value->base.source_position,
7474 "cannot throw pointer to incomplete type '%T'", orig_type);
7482 result->unary.value = value;
7487 static bool check_pointer_arithmetic(const source_position_t *source_position,
7488 type_t *pointer_type,
7489 type_t *orig_pointer_type)
7491 type_t *points_to = pointer_type->pointer.points_to;
7492 points_to = skip_typeref(points_to);
7494 if (is_type_incomplete(points_to)) {
7495 if (!GNU_MODE || !is_type_void(points_to)) {
7496 errorf(source_position,
7497 "arithmetic with pointer to incomplete type '%T' not allowed",
7501 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer of type '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7503 } else if (is_type_function(points_to)) {
7505 errorf(source_position,
7506 "arithmetic with pointer to function type '%T' not allowed",
7510 warningf(WARN_POINTER_ARITH, source_position, "pointer to a function '%T' used in arithmetic", orig_pointer_type);
7516 static bool is_lvalue(const expression_t *expression)
7518 /* TODO: doesn't seem to be consistent with §6.3.2.1:1 */
7519 switch (expression->kind) {
7520 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
7521 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
7522 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
7524 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
7528 type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
7530 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §3.10:3 */
7531 is_type_reference(type) ||
7532 /* Claim it is an lvalue, if the type is invalid. There was a parse
7533 * error before, which maybe prevented properly recognizing it as
7535 !is_type_valid(type);
7540 static void semantic_incdec(unary_expression_t *expression)
7542 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7543 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7544 if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
7545 if (!check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7549 } else if (!is_type_real(type) && is_type_valid(type)) {
7550 /* TODO: improve error message */
7551 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7552 "operation needs an arithmetic or pointer type");
7555 if (!is_lvalue(expression->value)) {
7556 /* TODO: improve error message */
7557 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "lvalue required as operand");
7559 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7562 static void promote_unary_int_expr(unary_expression_t *const expr, type_t *const type)
7564 type_t *const res_type = promote_integer(type);
7565 expr->base.type = res_type;
7566 expr->value = create_implicit_cast(expr->value, res_type);
7569 static void semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(unary_expression_t *expression)
7571 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7572 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7573 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type)) {
7574 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7575 /* TODO: improve error message */
7576 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7577 "operation needs an arithmetic type");
7580 } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
7581 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7583 expression->base.type = orig_type;
7587 static void semantic_unexpr_plus(unary_expression_t *expression)
7589 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7590 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7591 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, pos, "traditional C rejects the unary plus operator");
7594 static void semantic_not(unary_expression_t *expression)
7596 /* §6.5.3.3:1 The operand [...] of the ! operator, scalar type. */
7597 semantic_condition(expression->value, "operand of !");
7598 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
7601 static void semantic_unexpr_integer(unary_expression_t *expression)
7603 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7604 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7605 if (!is_type_integer(type)) {
7606 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7607 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7608 "operand of ~ must be of integer type");
7613 promote_unary_int_expr(expression, type);
7616 static void semantic_dereference(unary_expression_t *expression)
7618 type_t *const orig_type = expression->value->base.type;
7619 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7620 if (!is_type_pointer(type)) {
7621 if (is_type_valid(type)) {
7622 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7623 "Unary '*' needs pointer or array type, but type '%T' given", orig_type);
7628 type_t *result_type = type->pointer.points_to;
7629 result_type = automatic_type_conversion(result_type);
7630 expression->base.type = result_type;
7634 * Record that an address is taken (expression represents an lvalue).
7636 * @param expression the expression
7637 * @param may_be_register if true, the expression might be an register
7639 static void set_address_taken(expression_t *expression, bool may_be_register)
7641 if (expression->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
7644 entity_t *const entity = expression->reference.entity;
7646 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE && entity->kind != ENTITY_PARAMETER)
7649 if (entity->declaration.storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER
7650 && !may_be_register) {
7651 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7652 errorf(pos, "address of register '%N' requested", entity);
7655 entity->variable.address_taken = true;
7659 * Check the semantic of the address taken expression.
7661 static void semantic_take_addr(unary_expression_t *expression)
7663 expression_t *value = expression->value;
7664 value->base.type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(value);
7666 type_t *orig_type = value->base.type;
7667 type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
7668 if (!is_type_valid(type))
7672 if (!is_lvalue(value)) {
7673 errorf(&expression->base.source_position, "'&' requires an lvalue");
7675 if (is_bitfield(value)) {
7676 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7677 "'&' not allowed on bitfield");
7680 set_address_taken(value, false);
7682 expression->base.type = make_pointer_type(orig_type, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
7685 #define CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, sfunc) \
7686 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(void) \
7688 expression_t *unary_expression \
7689 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7691 unary_expression->unary.value = parse_subexpression(PREC_UNARY); \
7693 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7695 return unary_expression; \
7698 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('-', EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE,
7699 semantic_unexpr_arithmetic)
7700 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('+', EXPR_UNARY_PLUS,
7701 semantic_unexpr_plus)
7702 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('!', EXPR_UNARY_NOT,
7704 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('*', EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE,
7705 semantic_dereference)
7706 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('&', EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS,
7708 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER('~', EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE,
7709 semantic_unexpr_integer)
7710 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT,
7712 CREATE_UNARY_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS, EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT,
7715 #define CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(token_kind, unexpression_type, \
7717 static expression_t *parse_##unexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
7719 expression_t *unary_expression \
7720 = allocate_expression_zero(unexpression_type); \
7722 unary_expression->unary.value = left; \
7724 sfunc(&unary_expression->unary); \
7726 return unary_expression; \
7729 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_PLUSPLUS,
7730 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT,
7732 CREATE_UNARY_POSTFIX_EXPRESSION_PARSER(T_MINUSMINUS,
7733 EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT,
7736 static type_t *semantic_arithmetic(type_t *type_left, type_t *type_right)
7738 /* TODO: handle complex + imaginary types */
7740 type_left = get_unqualified_type(type_left);
7741 type_right = get_unqualified_type(type_right);
7743 /* §6.3.1.8 Usual arithmetic conversions */
7744 if (type_left == type_long_double || type_right == type_long_double) {
7745 return type_long_double;
7746 } else if (type_left == type_double || type_right == type_double) {
7748 } else if (type_left == type_float || type_right == type_float) {
7752 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7753 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7755 if (type_left == type_right)
7758 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
7759 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
7760 unsigned const rank_left = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_left));
7761 unsigned const rank_right = get_akind_rank(get_akind(type_right));
7763 if (signed_left == signed_right)
7764 return rank_left >= rank_right ? type_left : type_right;
7768 atomic_type_kind_t s_akind;
7769 atomic_type_kind_t u_akind;
7774 u_type = type_right;
7776 s_type = type_right;
7779 s_akind = get_akind(s_type);
7780 u_akind = get_akind(u_type);
7781 s_rank = get_akind_rank(s_akind);
7782 u_rank = get_akind_rank(u_akind);
7784 if (u_rank >= s_rank)
7787 if (get_atomic_type_size(s_akind) > get_atomic_type_size(u_akind))
7791 case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT: return type_unsigned_int;
7792 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG: return type_unsigned_long;
7793 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG: return type_unsigned_long_long;
7795 default: panic("invalid atomic type");
7800 * Check the semantic restrictions for a binary expression.
7802 static void semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7804 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7805 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7806 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7807 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7808 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7809 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7811 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7812 /* TODO: improve error message */
7813 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7814 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7815 "operation needs arithmetic types");
7820 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7821 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7822 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7823 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7826 static void semantic_binexpr_integer(binary_expression_t *const expression)
7828 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7829 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7830 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7831 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7832 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7833 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7835 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7836 /* TODO: improve error message */
7837 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7838 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7839 "operation needs integer types");
7844 type_t *const result_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7845 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, result_type);
7846 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, result_type);
7847 expression->base.type = result_type;
7850 static void warn_div_by_zero(binary_expression_t const *const expression)
7852 if (!is_type_integer(expression->base.type))
7855 expression_t const *const right = expression->right;
7856 /* The type of the right operand can be different for /= */
7857 if (is_type_integer(right->base.type) &&
7858 is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT &&
7859 !fold_constant_to_bool(right)) {
7860 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7861 warningf(WARN_DIV_BY_ZERO, pos, "division by zero");
7866 * Check the semantic restrictions for a div/mod expression.
7868 static void semantic_divmod_arithmetic(binary_expression_t *expression)
7870 semantic_binexpr_arithmetic(expression);
7871 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
7874 static void warn_addsub_in_shift(const expression_t *const expr)
7876 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
7880 switch (expr->kind) {
7881 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: op = '+'; break;
7882 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: op = '-'; break;
7886 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
7887 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around '%c' inside shift", op);
7890 static bool semantic_shift(binary_expression_t *expression)
7892 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7893 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7894 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7895 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7896 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7897 type_t * type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7899 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7900 /* TODO: improve error message */
7901 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7902 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7903 "operands of shift operation must have integer types");
7908 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7910 if (is_constant_expression(right) == EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
7911 source_position_t const *const pos = &right->base.source_position;
7912 long const count = fold_constant_to_int(right);
7914 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be non-negative");
7915 } else if ((unsigned long)count >=
7916 get_atomic_type_size(type_left->atomic.akind) * 8) {
7917 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "shift count must be less than type width");
7921 type_right = promote_integer(type_right);
7922 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_right);
7927 static void semantic_shift_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
7929 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7930 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7932 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
7935 warn_addsub_in_shift(left);
7936 warn_addsub_in_shift(right);
7938 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7939 type_t * type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7941 type_left = promote_integer(type_left);
7942 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_left);
7943 expression->base.type = type_left;
7946 static void semantic_add(binary_expression_t *expression)
7948 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7949 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7950 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7951 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7952 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7953 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7956 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7957 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7958 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7959 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7960 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7961 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7962 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7963 type_left, orig_type_left);
7964 expression->base.type = type_left;
7965 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right) && is_type_integer(type_left)) {
7966 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7967 type_right, orig_type_right);
7968 expression->base.type = type_right;
7969 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
7970 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
7971 "invalid operands to binary + ('%T', '%T')",
7972 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
7976 static void semantic_sub(binary_expression_t *expression)
7978 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
7979 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
7980 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
7981 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
7982 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
7983 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
7984 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
7987 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
7988 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
7989 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
7990 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
7991 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
7992 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
7993 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
7994 type_left, orig_type_left);
7995 expression->base.type = type_left;
7996 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
7997 type_t *const unqual_left = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_left->pointer.points_to));
7998 type_t *const unqual_right = get_unqualified_type(skip_typeref(type_right->pointer.points_to));
7999 if (!types_compatible(unqual_left, unqual_right)) {
8001 "subtracting pointers to incompatible types '%T' and '%T'",
8002 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
8003 } else if (!is_type_object(unqual_left)) {
8004 if (!is_type_void(unqual_left)) {
8005 errorf(pos, "subtracting pointers to non-object types '%T'",
8008 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "subtracting pointers to void");
8011 expression->base.type = type_ptrdiff_t;
8012 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8013 errorf(pos, "invalid operands of types '%T' and '%T' to binary '-'",
8014 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
8018 static void warn_string_literal_address(expression_t const* expr)
8020 while (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
8021 expr = expr->unary.value;
8022 if (expr->kind != EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE)
8024 expr = expr->unary.value;
8027 if (expr->kind == EXPR_STRING_LITERAL
8028 || expr->kind == EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL) {
8029 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
8030 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "comparison with string literal results in unspecified behaviour");
8034 static bool maybe_negative(expression_t const *const expr)
8036 switch (is_constant_expression(expr)) {
8037 case EXPR_CLASS_ERROR: return false;
8038 case EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT: return constant_is_negative(expr);
8039 default: return true;
8043 static void warn_comparison(source_position_t const *const pos, expression_t const *const expr, expression_t const *const other)
8045 warn_string_literal_address(expr);
8047 expression_t const* const ref = get_reference_address(expr);
8048 if (ref != NULL && is_null_pointer_constant(other)) {
8049 entity_t const *const ent = ref->reference.entity;
8050 warningf(WARN_ADDRESS, pos, "the address of '%N' will never be NULL", ent);
8053 if (!expr->base.parenthesized) {
8054 switch (expr->base.kind) {
8055 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
8056 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
8057 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
8058 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
8059 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
8060 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
8061 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "comparisons like 'x <= y < z' do not have their mathematical meaning");
8070 * Check the semantics of comparison expressions.
8072 * @param expression The expression to check.
8074 static void semantic_comparison(binary_expression_t *expression)
8076 source_position_t const *const pos = &expression->base.source_position;
8077 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8078 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
8080 warn_comparison(pos, left, right);
8081 warn_comparison(pos, right, left);
8083 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8084 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8085 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8086 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8088 /* TODO non-arithmetic types */
8089 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8090 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8092 /* test for signed vs unsigned compares */
8093 if (is_type_integer(arithmetic_type)) {
8094 bool const signed_left = is_type_signed(type_left);
8095 bool const signed_right = is_type_signed(type_right);
8096 if (signed_left != signed_right) {
8097 /* FIXME long long needs better const folding magic */
8098 /* TODO check whether constant value can be represented by other type */
8099 if ((signed_left && maybe_negative(left)) ||
8100 (signed_right && maybe_negative(right))) {
8101 warningf(WARN_SIGN_COMPARE, pos, "comparison between signed and unsigned");
8106 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, arithmetic_type);
8107 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8108 expression->base.type = arithmetic_type;
8109 if ((expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL ||
8110 expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL) &&
8111 is_type_float(arithmetic_type)) {
8112 warningf(WARN_FLOAT_EQUAL, pos, "comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe");
8114 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8115 /* TODO check compatibility */
8116 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
8117 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, type_left);
8118 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
8119 expression->left = create_implicit_cast(left, type_right);
8120 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8121 type_error_incompatible("invalid operands in comparison", pos, type_left, type_right);
8123 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8127 * Checks if a compound type has constant fields.
8129 static bool has_const_fields(const compound_type_t *type)
8131 compound_t *compound = type->compound;
8132 entity_t *entry = compound->members.entities;
8134 for (; entry != NULL; entry = entry->base.next) {
8135 if (!is_declaration(entry))
8138 const type_t *decl_type = skip_typeref(entry->declaration.type);
8139 if (decl_type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST)
8146 static bool is_valid_assignment_lhs(expression_t const* const left)
8148 type_t *const orig_type_left = revert_automatic_type_conversion(left);
8149 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8151 if (!is_lvalue(left)) {
8152 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left hand side '%E' of assignment is not an lvalue",
8157 if (left->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE
8158 && left->reference.entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
8159 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to function '%E'", left);
8163 if (is_type_array(type_left)) {
8164 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to array '%E'", left);
8167 if (type_left->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
8168 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "assignment to read-only location '%E' (type '%T')", left,
8172 if (is_type_incomplete(type_left)) {
8173 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "left-hand side '%E' of assignment has incomplete type '%T'",
8174 left, orig_type_left);
8177 if (is_type_compound(type_left) && has_const_fields(&type_left->compound)) {
8178 errorf(&left->base.source_position, "cannot assign to '%E' because compound type '%T' has read-only fields",
8179 left, orig_type_left);
8186 static void semantic_arithmetic_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8188 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8189 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8190 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8191 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8193 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8196 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8197 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8199 if (!is_type_arithmetic(type_left) || !is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8200 /* TODO: improve error message */
8201 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8202 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8203 "operation needs arithmetic types");
8208 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8209 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8210 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8211 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8212 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8213 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8214 expression->base.type = type_left;
8217 static void semantic_divmod_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8219 semantic_arithmetic_assign(expression);
8220 warn_div_by_zero(expression);
8223 static void semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8225 expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8226 expression_t *const right = expression->right;
8227 type_t *const orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8228 type_t *const orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8229 type_t *const type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8230 type_t *const type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8232 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8235 if (is_type_arithmetic(type_left) && is_type_arithmetic(type_right)) {
8236 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8237 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8238 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8239 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8240 type_t *const arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8241 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8242 expression->base.type = type_left;
8243 } else if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8244 check_pointer_arithmetic(&expression->base.source_position,
8245 type_left, orig_type_left);
8246 expression->base.type = type_left;
8247 } else if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8248 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8249 "incompatible types '%T' and '%T' in assignment",
8250 orig_type_left, orig_type_right);
8254 static void semantic_integer_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8256 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8257 expression_t *right = expression->right;
8258 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8259 type_t *orig_type_right = right->base.type;
8261 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8264 type_t *type_left = skip_typeref(orig_type_left);
8265 type_t *type_right = skip_typeref(orig_type_right);
8267 if (!is_type_integer(type_left) || !is_type_integer(type_right)) {
8268 /* TODO: improve error message */
8269 if (is_type_valid(type_left) && is_type_valid(type_right)) {
8270 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8271 "operation needs integer types");
8276 /* combined instructions are tricky. We can't create an implicit cast on
8277 * the left side, because we need the uncasted form for the store.
8278 * The ast2firm pass has to know that left_type must be right_type
8279 * for the arithmetic operation and create a cast by itself */
8280 type_t *arithmetic_type = semantic_arithmetic(type_left, type_right);
8281 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(right, arithmetic_type);
8282 expression->base.type = type_left;
8285 static void semantic_shift_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8287 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8289 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8292 if (!semantic_shift(expression))
8295 expression->base.type = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
8298 static void warn_logical_and_within_or(const expression_t *const expr)
8300 if (expr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND)
8302 if (expr->base.parenthesized)
8304 source_position_t const *const pos = &expr->base.source_position;
8305 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest parentheses around && within ||");
8309 * Check the semantic restrictions of a logical expression.
8311 static void semantic_logical_op(binary_expression_t *expression)
8313 /* §6.5.13:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type.
8314 * §6.5.14:2 Each of the operands shall have scalar type. */
8315 semantic_condition(expression->left, "left operand of logical operator");
8316 semantic_condition(expression->right, "right operand of logical operator");
8317 if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR) {
8318 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->left);
8319 warn_logical_and_within_or(expression->right);
8321 expression->base.type = c_mode & _CXX ? type_bool : type_int;
8325 * Check the semantic restrictions of a binary assign expression.
8327 static void semantic_binexpr_assign(binary_expression_t *expression)
8329 expression_t *left = expression->left;
8330 type_t *orig_type_left = left->base.type;
8332 if (!is_valid_assignment_lhs(left))
8335 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(orig_type_left, expression->right);
8336 report_assign_error(error, orig_type_left, expression->right,
8337 "assignment", &left->base.source_position);
8338 expression->right = create_implicit_cast(expression->right, orig_type_left);
8339 expression->base.type = orig_type_left;
8343 * Determine if the outermost operation (or parts thereof) of the given
8344 * expression has no effect in order to generate a warning about this fact.
8345 * Therefore in some cases this only examines some of the operands of the
8346 * expression (see comments in the function and examples below).
8348 * f() + 23; // warning, because + has no effect
8349 * x || f(); // no warning, because x controls execution of f()
8350 * x ? y : f(); // warning, because y has no effect
8351 * (void)x; // no warning to be able to suppress the warning
8352 * This function can NOT be used for an "expression has definitely no effect"-
8354 static bool expression_has_effect(const expression_t *const expr)
8356 switch (expr->kind) {
8357 case EXPR_ERROR: return true; /* do NOT warn */
8358 case EXPR_REFERENCE: return false;
8359 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT: return false;
8360 case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS: return false;
8362 /* suppress the warning for microsoft __noop operations */
8363 case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP: return true;
8364 case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
8365 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
8366 case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
8367 case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
8368 case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
8369 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL: return false;
8370 case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL: return false;
8373 const call_expression_t *const call = &expr->call;
8374 if (call->function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
8377 switch (call->function->reference.entity->function.btk) {
8378 /* FIXME: which builtins have no effect? */
8379 default: return true;
8383 /* Generate the warning if either the left or right hand side of a
8384 * conditional expression has no effect */
8385 case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
8386 conditional_expression_t const *const cond = &expr->conditional;
8387 expression_t const *const t = cond->true_expression;
8389 (t == NULL || expression_has_effect(t)) &&
8390 expression_has_effect(cond->false_expression);
8393 case EXPR_SELECT: return false;
8394 case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: return false;
8395 case EXPR_SIZEOF: return false;
8396 case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE: return false;
8397 case EXPR_ALIGNOF: return false;
8399 case EXPR_FUNCNAME: return false;
8400 case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: return false;
8401 case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: return false;
8402 case EXPR_OFFSETOF: return false;
8403 case EXPR_VA_START: return true;
8404 case EXPR_VA_ARG: return true;
8405 case EXPR_VA_COPY: return true;
8406 case EXPR_STATEMENT: return true; // TODO
8407 case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL: return false;
8409 case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE: return false;
8410 case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS: return false;
8411 case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE: return false;
8412 case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: return false;
8413 case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: return false;
8414 case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS: return false;
8415 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8416 case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8417 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: return true;
8418 case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: return true;
8420 /* Treat void casts as if they have an effect in order to being able to
8421 * suppress the warning */
8422 case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
8423 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
8424 return is_type_void(type);
8427 case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: return true;
8428 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE: return true;
8429 case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY: return true;
8430 case EXPR_UNARY_THROW: return true;
8432 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD: return false;
8433 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: return false;
8434 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL: return false;
8435 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV: return false;
8436 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD: return false;
8437 case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL: return false;
8438 case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL: return false;
8439 case EXPR_BINARY_LESS: return false;
8440 case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL: return false;
8441 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER: return false;
8442 case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL: return false;
8443 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND: return false;
8444 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR: return false;
8445 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR: return false;
8446 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT: return false;
8447 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT: return false;
8448 case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN: return true;
8449 case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN: return true;
8450 case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: return true;
8451 case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: return true;
8452 case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN: return true;
8453 case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN: return true;
8454 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN: return true;
8455 case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN: return true;
8456 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: return true;
8457 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: return true;
8458 case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN: return true;
8460 /* Only examine the right hand side of && and ||, because the left hand
8461 * side already has the effect of controlling the execution of the right
8463 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
8464 case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
8465 /* Only examine the right hand side of a comma expression, because the left
8466 * hand side has a separate warning */
8467 case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
8468 return expression_has_effect(expr->binary.right);
8470 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER: return false;
8471 case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL: return false;
8472 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS: return false;
8473 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL: return false;
8474 case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER: return false;
8475 case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: return false;
8478 internal_errorf(HERE, "unexpected expression");
8481 static void semantic_comma(binary_expression_t *expression)
8483 const expression_t *const left = expression->left;
8484 if (!expression_has_effect(left)) {
8485 source_position_t const *const pos = &left->base.source_position;
8486 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, pos, "left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect");
8488 expression->base.type = expression->right->base.type;
8492 * @param prec_r precedence of the right operand
8494 #define CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(token_kind, binexpression_type, prec_r, sfunc) \
8495 static expression_t *parse_##binexpression_type(expression_t *left) \
8497 expression_t *binexpr = allocate_expression_zero(binexpression_type); \
8498 binexpr->binary.left = left; \
8501 expression_t *right = parse_subexpression(prec_r); \
8503 binexpr->binary.right = right; \
8504 sfunc(&binexpr->binary); \
8509 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('*', EXPR_BINARY_MUL, PREC_CAST, semantic_binexpr_arithmetic)
8510 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('/', EXPR_BINARY_DIV, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8511 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('%', EXPR_BINARY_MOD, PREC_CAST, semantic_divmod_arithmetic)
8512 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('+', EXPR_BINARY_ADD, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_add)
8513 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('-', EXPR_BINARY_SUB, PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE, semantic_sub)
8514 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESS, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8515 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATER, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, PREC_ADDITIVE, semantic_shift_op)
8516 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('<', EXPR_BINARY_LESS, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8517 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('>', EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8518 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8519 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_SHIFT, semantic_comparison)
8520 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8521 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_EQUALEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL, semantic_comparison)
8522 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('&', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, PREC_EQUALITY, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8523 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('^', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, PREC_AND, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8524 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('|', EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, PREC_XOR, semantic_binexpr_integer)
8525 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDAND, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, PREC_OR, semantic_logical_op)
8526 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEPIPE, EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, PREC_LOGICAL_AND, semantic_logical_op)
8527 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER('=', EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_binexpr_assign)
8528 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PLUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8529 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_MINUSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_addsubb_assign)
8530 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ASTERISKEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_arithmetic_assign)
8531 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_SLASHEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8532 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PERCENTEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_divmod_assign)
8533 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_LESSLESSEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8534 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_shift_assign)
8535 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_ANDEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8536 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_PIPEEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8537 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(T_CARETEQUAL, EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_integer_assign)
8538 CREATE_BINEXPR_PARSER(',', EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, PREC_ASSIGNMENT, semantic_comma)
8541 static expression_t *parse_subexpression(precedence_t precedence)
8543 expression_parser_function_t *parser
8544 = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8547 if (parser->parser != NULL) {
8548 left = parser->parser();
8550 left = parse_primary_expression();
8552 assert(left != NULL);
8555 parser = &expression_parsers[token.kind];
8556 if (parser->infix_parser == NULL)
8558 if (parser->infix_precedence < precedence)
8561 left = parser->infix_parser(left);
8563 assert(left != NULL);
8570 * Parse an expression.
8572 static expression_t *parse_expression(void)
8574 return parse_subexpression(PREC_EXPRESSION);
8578 * Register a parser for a prefix-like operator.
8580 * @param parser the parser function
8581 * @param token_kind the token type of the prefix token
8583 static void register_expression_parser(parse_expression_function parser,
8586 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8588 if (entry->parser != NULL) {
8589 diagnosticf("for token '%k'\n", (token_kind_t)token_kind);
8590 panic("trying to register multiple expression parsers for a token");
8592 entry->parser = parser;
8596 * Register a parser for an infix operator with given precedence.
8598 * @param parser the parser function
8599 * @param token_kind the token type of the infix operator
8600 * @param precedence the precedence of the operator
8602 static void register_infix_parser(parse_expression_infix_function parser,
8603 int token_kind, precedence_t precedence)
8605 expression_parser_function_t *entry = &expression_parsers[token_kind];
8607 if (entry->infix_parser != NULL) {
8608 diagnosticf("for token '%k'\n", (token_kind_t)token_kind);
8609 panic("trying to register multiple infix expression parsers for a "
8612 entry->infix_parser = parser;
8613 entry->infix_precedence = precedence;
8617 * Initialize the expression parsers.
8619 static void init_expression_parsers(void)
8621 memset(&expression_parsers, 0, sizeof(expression_parsers));
8623 register_infix_parser(parse_array_expression, '[', PREC_POSTFIX);
8624 register_infix_parser(parse_call_expression, '(', PREC_POSTFIX);
8625 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, '.', PREC_POSTFIX);
8626 register_infix_parser(parse_select_expression, T_MINUSGREATER, PREC_POSTFIX);
8627 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8628 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS, PREC_POSTFIX);
8629 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL, '*', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8630 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV, '/', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8631 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD, '%', PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE);
8632 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD, '+', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8633 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB, '-', PREC_ADDITIVE);
8634 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT, T_LESSLESS, PREC_SHIFT);
8635 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT, T_GREATERGREATER, PREC_SHIFT);
8636 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESS, '<', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8637 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATER, '>', PREC_RELATIONAL);
8638 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL, T_LESSEQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8639 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL, T_GREATEREQUAL, PREC_RELATIONAL);
8640 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL, T_EQUALEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8641 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL, T_EXCLAMATIONMARKEQUAL, PREC_EQUALITY);
8642 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND, '&', PREC_AND);
8643 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR, '^', PREC_XOR);
8644 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR, '|', PREC_OR);
8645 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND, T_ANDAND, PREC_LOGICAL_AND);
8646 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR, T_PIPEPIPE, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
8647 register_infix_parser(parse_conditional_expression, '?', PREC_CONDITIONAL);
8648 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN, '=', PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8649 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN, T_PLUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8650 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN, T_MINUSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8651 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN, T_ASTERISKEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8652 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN, T_SLASHEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8653 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN, T_PERCENTEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8654 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN, T_LESSLESSEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8655 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN, T_GREATERGREATEREQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8656 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN, T_ANDEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8657 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN, T_PIPEEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8658 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN, T_CARETEQUAL, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
8659 register_infix_parser(parse_EXPR_BINARY_COMMA, ',', PREC_EXPRESSION);
8661 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE, '-');
8662 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PLUS, '+');
8663 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_NOT, '!');
8664 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE, '~');
8665 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE, '*');
8666 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS, '&');
8667 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT, T_PLUSPLUS);
8668 register_expression_parser(parse_EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT, T_MINUSMINUS);
8669 register_expression_parser(parse_sizeof, T_sizeof);
8670 register_expression_parser(parse_alignof, T___alignof__);
8671 register_expression_parser(parse_extension, T___extension__);
8672 register_expression_parser(parse_builtin_classify_type, T___builtin_classify_type);
8673 register_expression_parser(parse_delete, T_delete);
8674 register_expression_parser(parse_throw, T_throw);
8678 * Parse a asm statement arguments specification.
8680 static asm_argument_t *parse_asm_arguments(bool is_out)
8682 asm_argument_t *result = NULL;
8683 asm_argument_t **anchor = &result;
8685 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL || token.kind == '[') {
8686 asm_argument_t *argument = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(argument[0]));
8689 add_anchor_token(']');
8690 argument->symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing asm argument", NULL);
8691 rem_anchor_token(']');
8693 if (!argument->symbol)
8697 argument->constraints = parse_string_literals();
8699 add_anchor_token(')');
8700 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8701 rem_anchor_token(')');
8703 /* Ugly GCC stuff: Allow lvalue casts. Skip casts, when they do not
8704 * change size or type representation (e.g. int -> long is ok, but
8705 * int -> float is not) */
8706 if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST) {
8707 type_t *const type = expression->base.type;
8708 type_kind_t const kind = type->kind;
8709 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8712 if (kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8713 atomic_type_kind_t const akind = type->atomic.akind;
8714 flags = get_atomic_type_flags(akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8715 size = get_atomic_type_size(akind);
8717 flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8718 size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8722 expression_t *const value = expression->unary.value;
8723 type_t *const value_type = value->base.type;
8724 type_kind_t const value_kind = value_type->kind;
8726 unsigned value_flags;
8727 unsigned value_size;
8728 if (value_kind == TYPE_ATOMIC) {
8729 atomic_type_kind_t const value_akind = value_type->atomic.akind;
8730 value_flags = get_atomic_type_flags(value_akind) & ~ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED;
8731 value_size = get_atomic_type_size(value_akind);
8732 } else if (value_kind == TYPE_POINTER) {
8733 value_flags = ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_ARITHMETIC;
8734 value_size = get_type_size(type_void_ptr);
8739 if (value_flags != flags || value_size != size)
8743 } while (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST);
8747 if (!is_lvalue(expression)) {
8748 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
8749 "asm output argument is not an lvalue");
8752 if (argument->constraints.begin[0] == '=')
8753 determine_lhs_ent(expression, NULL);
8755 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8757 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
8759 argument->expression = expression;
8762 set_address_taken(expression, true);
8765 anchor = &argument->next;
8775 * Parse a asm statement clobber specification.
8777 static asm_clobber_t *parse_asm_clobbers(void)
8779 asm_clobber_t *result = NULL;
8780 asm_clobber_t **anchor = &result;
8782 while (token.kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
8783 asm_clobber_t *clobber = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(clobber[0]));
8784 clobber->clobber = parse_string_literals();
8787 anchor = &clobber->next;
8797 * Parse an asm statement.
8799 static statement_t *parse_asm_statement(void)
8801 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
8802 asm_statement_t *asm_statement = &statement->asms;
8806 if (next_if(T_volatile))
8807 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8810 add_anchor_token(')');
8811 if (token.kind != T_STRING_LITERAL) {
8812 parse_error_expected("after asm(", T_STRING_LITERAL, NULL);
8815 asm_statement->asm_text = parse_string_literals();
8817 add_anchor_token(':');
8818 if (!next_if(':')) {
8819 rem_anchor_token(':');
8823 asm_statement->outputs = parse_asm_arguments(true);
8824 if (!next_if(':')) {
8825 rem_anchor_token(':');
8829 asm_statement->inputs = parse_asm_arguments(false);
8830 if (!next_if(':')) {
8831 rem_anchor_token(':');
8834 rem_anchor_token(':');
8836 asm_statement->clobbers = parse_asm_clobbers();
8839 rem_anchor_token(')');
8843 if (asm_statement->outputs == NULL) {
8844 /* GCC: An 'asm' instruction without any output operands will be treated
8845 * identically to a volatile 'asm' instruction. */
8846 asm_statement->is_volatile = true;
8852 static statement_t *parse_label_inner_statement(statement_t const *const label, char const *const label_kind)
8854 statement_t *inner_stmt;
8855 switch (token.kind) {
8857 errorf(&label->base.source_position, "%s at end of compound statement", label_kind);
8858 inner_stmt = create_error_statement();
8862 if (label->kind == STATEMENT_LABEL) {
8863 /* Eat an empty statement here, to avoid the warning about an empty
8864 * statement after a label. label:; is commonly used to have a label
8865 * before a closing brace. */
8866 inner_stmt = create_empty_statement();
8873 inner_stmt = parse_statement();
8874 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
8875 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
8876 if (inner_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
8877 errorf(&inner_stmt->base.source_position, "declaration after %s", label_kind);
8885 * Parse a case statement.
8887 static statement_t *parse_case_statement(void)
8889 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
8890 source_position_t *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
8893 add_anchor_token(':');
8895 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
8896 type_t *expression_type = expression->base.type;
8897 type_t *skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8898 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8899 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8900 expression, expression_type);
8903 type_t *type = expression_type;
8904 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8905 type_t *switch_type = current_switch->expression->base.type;
8906 if (is_type_valid(switch_type)) {
8907 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, switch_type);
8911 statement->case_label.expression = expression;
8912 expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
8913 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8914 if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8915 errorf(pos, "case label does not reduce to an integer constant");
8917 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8919 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(expression);
8920 statement->case_label.first_case = val;
8921 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8925 if (next_if(T_DOTDOTDOT)) {
8926 expression_t *end_range = parse_expression();
8927 expression_type = expression->base.type;
8928 skipped = skip_typeref(expression_type);
8929 if (!is_type_integer(skipped) && is_type_valid(skipped)) {
8930 errorf(pos, "case expression '%E' must have integer type but has type '%T'",
8931 expression, expression_type);
8934 end_range = create_implicit_cast(end_range, type);
8935 statement->case_label.end_range = end_range;
8936 expression_classification_t const end_class = is_constant_expression(end_range);
8937 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT) {
8938 if (end_class != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR) {
8939 errorf(pos, "case range does not reduce to an integer constant");
8941 statement->case_label.is_bad = true;
8943 long const val = fold_constant_to_int(end_range);
8944 statement->case_label.last_case = val;
8946 if (val < statement->case_label.first_case) {
8947 statement->case_label.is_empty_range = true;
8948 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "empty range specified");
8954 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
8956 rem_anchor_token(':');
8959 if (current_switch != NULL) {
8960 if (! statement->case_label.is_bad) {
8961 /* Check for duplicate case values */
8962 case_label_statement_t *c = &statement->case_label;
8963 for (case_label_statement_t *l = current_switch->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
8964 if (l->is_bad || l->is_empty_range || l->expression == NULL)
8967 if (c->last_case < l->first_case || c->first_case > l->last_case)
8970 errorf(pos, "duplicate case value (previously used %P)",
8971 &l->base.source_position);
8975 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
8976 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
8977 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
8979 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
8981 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
8983 errorf(pos, "case label not within a switch statement");
8986 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "case label");
8993 * Parse a default statement.
8995 static statement_t *parse_default_statement(void)
8997 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL);
9001 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9005 if (current_switch != NULL) {
9006 const case_label_statement_t *def_label = current_switch->default_label;
9007 if (def_label != NULL) {
9008 errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "multiple default labels in one switch (previous declared %P)", &def_label->base.source_position);
9010 current_switch->default_label = &statement->case_label;
9012 /* link all cases into the switch statement */
9013 if (current_switch->last_case == NULL) {
9014 current_switch->first_case = &statement->case_label;
9016 current_switch->last_case->next = &statement->case_label;
9018 current_switch->last_case = &statement->case_label;
9021 errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
9022 "'default' label not within a switch statement");
9025 statement->case_label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "default label");
9032 * Parse a label statement.
9034 static statement_t *parse_label_statement(void)
9036 statement_t *const statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LABEL);
9037 label_t *const label = get_label();
9038 statement->label.label = label;
9040 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9042 /* if statement is already set then the label is defined twice,
9043 * otherwise it was just mentioned in a goto/local label declaration so far
9045 source_position_t const* const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9046 if (label->statement != NULL) {
9047 errorf(pos, "duplicate '%N' (declared %P)", (entity_t const*)label, &label->base.source_position);
9049 label->base.source_position = *pos;
9050 label->statement = statement;
9055 if (token.kind == T___attribute__ && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
9056 parse_attributes(NULL); // TODO process attributes
9059 statement->label.statement = parse_label_inner_statement(statement, "label");
9061 /* remember the labels in a list for later checking */
9062 *label_anchor = &statement->label;
9063 label_anchor = &statement->label.next;
9069 static statement_t *parse_inner_statement(void)
9071 statement_t *const stmt = parse_statement();
9072 /* ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) §6.8:1/6.8.2:1 Declarations are no statements */
9073 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6:1/§6.7 Declarations are statements */
9074 if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_DECLARATION && !(c_mode & _CXX)) {
9075 errorf(&stmt->base.source_position, "declaration as inner statement, use {}");
9081 * Parse an expression in parentheses and mark its variables as read.
9083 static expression_t *parse_condition(void)
9086 add_anchor_token(')');
9087 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
9088 mark_vars_read(expr, NULL);
9089 rem_anchor_token(')');
9095 * Parse an if statement.
9097 static statement_t *parse_if(void)
9099 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_IF);
9103 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9104 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->ifs.scope);
9106 add_anchor_token(T_else);
9108 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9109 statement->ifs.condition = expr;
9110 /* §6.8.4.1:1 The controlling expression of an if statement shall have
9112 semantic_condition(expr, "condition of 'if'-statment");
9114 statement_t *const true_stmt = parse_inner_statement();
9115 statement->ifs.true_statement = true_stmt;
9116 rem_anchor_token(T_else);
9118 if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9119 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9120 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9123 if (next_if(T_else)) {
9124 statement->ifs.false_statement = parse_inner_statement();
9126 if (statement->ifs.false_statement->kind == STATEMENT_EMPTY) {
9127 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_BODY, HERE,
9128 "suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement");
9130 } else if (true_stmt->kind == STATEMENT_IF &&
9131 true_stmt->ifs.false_statement != NULL) {
9132 source_position_t const *const pos = &true_stmt->base.source_position;
9133 warningf(WARN_PARENTHESES, pos, "suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else'");
9142 * Check that all enums are handled in a switch.
9144 * @param statement the switch statement to check
9146 static void check_enum_cases(const switch_statement_t *statement)
9148 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM))
9150 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(statement->expression->base.type);
9151 if (! is_type_enum(type))
9153 const enum_type_t *enumt = &type->enumt;
9155 /* if we have a default, no warnings */
9156 if (statement->default_label != NULL)
9159 /* FIXME: calculation of value should be done while parsing */
9160 /* TODO: quadratic algorithm here. Change to an n log n one */
9161 long last_value = -1;
9162 const entity_t *entry = enumt->enume->base.next;
9163 for (; entry != NULL && entry->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE;
9164 entry = entry->base.next) {
9165 const expression_t *expression = entry->enum_value.value;
9166 long value = expression != NULL ? fold_constant_to_int(expression) : last_value + 1;
9168 for (const case_label_statement_t *l = statement->first_case; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
9169 if (l->expression == NULL)
9171 if (l->first_case <= value && value <= l->last_case) {
9177 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9178 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_ENUM, pos, "'%N' not handled in switch", entry);
9185 * Parse a switch statement.
9187 static statement_t *parse_switch(void)
9189 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_SWITCH);
9193 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9194 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->switchs.scope);
9196 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9197 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9198 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9199 type = promote_integer(type);
9200 if (get_akind_rank(get_akind(type)) >= get_akind_rank(ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG)) {
9201 warningf(WARN_TRADITIONAL, &expr->base.source_position, "'%T' switch expression not converted to '%T' in ISO C", type, type_int);
9203 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9204 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9205 "switch quantity is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9206 type = type_error_type;
9208 statement->switchs.expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9210 switch_statement_t *rem = current_switch;
9211 current_switch = &statement->switchs;
9212 statement->switchs.body = parse_inner_statement();
9213 current_switch = rem;
9215 if (statement->switchs.default_label == NULL) {
9216 warningf(WARN_SWITCH_DEFAULT, &statement->base.source_position, "switch has no default case");
9218 check_enum_cases(&statement->switchs);
9225 static statement_t *parse_loop_body(statement_t *const loop)
9227 statement_t *const rem = current_loop;
9228 current_loop = loop;
9230 statement_t *const body = parse_inner_statement();
9237 * Parse a while statement.
9239 static statement_t *parse_while(void)
9241 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_WHILE);
9245 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9246 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->whiles.scope);
9248 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9249 statement->whiles.condition = cond;
9250 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9251 * have scalar type. */
9252 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'while'-statement");
9254 statement->whiles.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9262 * Parse a do statement.
9264 static statement_t *parse_do(void)
9266 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DO_WHILE);
9270 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9271 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->do_while.scope);
9273 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9274 statement->do_while.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9275 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9278 expression_t *const cond = parse_condition();
9279 statement->do_while.condition = cond;
9280 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement shall
9281 * have scalar type. */
9282 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'do-while'-statement");
9291 * Parse a for statement.
9293 static statement_t *parse_for(void)
9295 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_FOR);
9299 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9300 PUSH_SCOPE_STATEMENT(&statement->fors.scope);
9303 add_anchor_token(')');
9308 } else if (is_declaration_specifier(&token)) {
9309 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9311 add_anchor_token(';');
9312 expression_t *const init = parse_expression();
9313 statement->fors.initialisation = init;
9314 mark_vars_read(init, ENT_ANY);
9315 if (!expression_has_effect(init)) {
9316 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &init->base.source_position, "initialisation of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9318 rem_anchor_token(';');
9324 if (token.kind != ';') {
9325 add_anchor_token(';');
9326 expression_t *const cond = parse_expression();
9327 statement->fors.condition = cond;
9328 /* §6.8.5:2 The controlling expression of an iteration statement
9329 * shall have scalar type. */
9330 semantic_condition(cond, "condition of 'for'-statement");
9331 mark_vars_read(cond, NULL);
9332 rem_anchor_token(';');
9335 if (token.kind != ')') {
9336 expression_t *const step = parse_expression();
9337 statement->fors.step = step;
9338 mark_vars_read(step, ENT_ANY);
9339 if (!expression_has_effect(step)) {
9340 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &step->base.source_position, "step of 'for'-statement has no effect");
9343 rem_anchor_token(')');
9345 statement->fors.body = parse_loop_body(statement);
9353 * Parse a goto statement.
9355 static statement_t *parse_goto(void)
9357 statement_t *statement;
9358 if (GNU_MODE && look_ahead(1)->kind == '*') {
9359 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO);
9363 expression_t *expression = parse_expression();
9364 mark_vars_read(expression, NULL);
9366 /* Argh: although documentation says the expression must be of type void*,
9367 * gcc accepts anything that can be casted into void* without error */
9368 type_t *type = expression->base.type;
9370 if (type != type_error_type) {
9371 if (!is_type_pointer(type) && !is_type_integer(type)) {
9372 errorf(&expression->base.source_position,
9373 "cannot convert to a pointer type");
9374 } else if (type != type_void_ptr) {
9375 warningf(WARN_OTHER, &expression->base.source_position, "type of computed goto expression should be 'void*' not '%T'", type);
9377 expression = create_implicit_cast(expression, type_void_ptr);
9380 statement->computed_goto.expression = expression;
9382 statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_GOTO);
9384 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
9385 label_t *const label = get_label();
9387 statement->gotos.label = label;
9389 /* remember the goto's in a list for later checking */
9390 *goto_anchor = &statement->gotos;
9391 goto_anchor = &statement->gotos.next;
9394 parse_error_expected("while parsing goto", T_IDENTIFIER, '*', NULL);
9396 parse_error_expected("while parsing goto", T_IDENTIFIER, NULL);
9398 statement->gotos.label = &allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, sym_anonymous, &builtin_source_position)->label;
9407 * Parse a continue statement.
9409 static statement_t *parse_continue(void)
9411 if (current_loop == NULL) {
9412 errorf(HERE, "continue statement not within loop");
9415 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_CONTINUE);
9423 * Parse a break statement.
9425 static statement_t *parse_break(void)
9427 if (current_switch == NULL && current_loop == NULL) {
9428 errorf(HERE, "break statement not within loop or switch");
9431 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_BREAK);
9439 * Parse a __leave statement.
9441 static statement_t *parse_leave_statement(void)
9443 if (current_try == NULL) {
9444 errorf(HERE, "__leave statement not within __try");
9447 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_LEAVE);
9455 * Check if a given entity represents a local variable.
9457 static bool is_local_variable(const entity_t *entity)
9459 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
9462 switch ((storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class) {
9463 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
9464 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: {
9465 const type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
9466 if (is_type_function(type)) {
9478 * Check if a given expression represents a local variable.
9480 static bool expression_is_local_variable(const expression_t *expression)
9482 if (expression->base.kind != EXPR_REFERENCE) {
9485 const entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
9486 return is_local_variable(entity);
9490 * Check if a given expression represents a local variable and
9491 * return its declaration then, else return NULL.
9493 entity_t *expression_is_variable(const expression_t *expression)
9495 if (expression->base.kind != EXPR_REFERENCE) {
9498 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
9499 if (entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE)
9505 static void err_or_warn(source_position_t const *const pos, char const *const msg)
9507 if (c_mode & _CXX || strict_mode) {
9510 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, msg);
9515 * Parse a return statement.
9517 static statement_t *parse_return(void)
9519 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_RETURN);
9522 expression_t *return_value = NULL;
9523 if (token.kind != ';') {
9524 return_value = parse_expression();
9525 mark_vars_read(return_value, NULL);
9528 const type_t *const func_type = skip_typeref(current_function->base.type);
9529 assert(is_type_function(func_type));
9530 type_t *const return_type = skip_typeref(func_type->function.return_type);
9532 source_position_t const *const pos = &statement->base.source_position;
9533 if (return_value != NULL) {
9534 type_t *return_value_type = skip_typeref(return_value->base.type);
9536 if (is_type_void(return_type)) {
9537 if (!is_type_void(return_value_type)) {
9538 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:2 */
9539 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9540 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with a value, in function returning 'void'");
9541 } else if (!(c_mode & _CXX)) { /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9542 /* Only warn in C mode, because GCC does the same */
9543 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' with expression in function returning 'void'");
9546 assign_error_t error = semantic_assign(return_type, return_value);
9547 report_assign_error(error, return_type, return_value, "'return'",
9550 return_value = create_implicit_cast(return_value, return_type);
9551 /* check for returning address of a local var */
9552 if (return_value != NULL && return_value->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS) {
9553 const expression_t *expression = return_value->unary.value;
9554 if (expression_is_local_variable(expression)) {
9555 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "function returns address of local variable");
9558 } else if (!is_type_void(return_type)) {
9559 /* ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) §6.6.3:3 */
9560 err_or_warn(pos, "'return' without value, in function returning non-void");
9562 statement->returns.value = return_value;
9569 * Parse a declaration statement.
9571 static statement_t *parse_declaration_statement(void)
9573 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9575 entity_t *before = current_scope->last_entity;
9577 parse_external_declaration();
9579 parse_declaration(record_entity, DECL_FLAGS_NONE);
9582 declaration_statement_t *const decl = &statement->declaration;
9583 entity_t *const begin =
9584 before != NULL ? before->base.next : current_scope->entities;
9585 decl->declarations_begin = begin;
9586 decl->declarations_end = begin != NULL ? current_scope->last_entity : NULL;
9592 * Parse an expression statement, ie. expr ';'.
9594 static statement_t *parse_expression_statement(void)
9596 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
9598 expression_t *const expr = parse_expression();
9599 statement->expression.expression = expr;
9600 mark_vars_read(expr, ENT_ANY);
9607 * Parse a microsoft __try { } __finally { } or
9608 * __try{ } __except() { }
9610 static statement_t *parse_ms_try_statment(void)
9612 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_MS_TRY);
9615 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9617 ms_try_statement_t *rem = current_try;
9618 current_try = &statement->ms_try;
9619 statement->ms_try.try_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9624 if (next_if(T___except)) {
9625 expression_t *const expr = parse_condition();
9626 type_t * type = skip_typeref(expr->base.type);
9627 if (is_type_integer(type)) {
9628 type = promote_integer(type);
9629 } else if (is_type_valid(type)) {
9630 errorf(&expr->base.source_position,
9631 "__expect expression is not an integer, but '%T'", type);
9632 type = type_error_type;
9634 statement->ms_try.except_expression = create_implicit_cast(expr, type);
9635 } else if (!next_if(T__finally)) {
9636 parse_error_expected("while parsing __try statement", T___except, T___finally, NULL);
9638 statement->ms_try.final_statement = parse_compound_statement(false);
9642 static statement_t *parse_empty_statement(void)
9644 warningf(WARN_EMPTY_STATEMENT, HERE, "statement is empty");
9645 statement_t *const statement = create_empty_statement();
9650 static statement_t *parse_local_label_declaration(void)
9652 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_DECLARATION);
9656 entity_t *begin = NULL;
9657 entity_t *end = NULL;
9658 entity_t **anchor = &begin;
9660 source_position_t pos;
9661 symbol_t *const symbol = expect_identifier("while parsing local label declaration", &pos);
9665 entity_t *entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_LABEL);
9666 if (entity != NULL && entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
9667 source_position_t const *const ppos = &entity->base.source_position;
9668 errorf(&pos, "multiple definitions of '%N' (previous definition %P)", entity, ppos);
9670 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL, NAMESPACE_LABEL, symbol, &pos);
9671 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9674 anchor = &entity->base.next;
9677 environment_push(entity);
9679 } while (next_if(','));
9682 statement->declaration.declarations_begin = begin;
9683 statement->declaration.declarations_end = end;
9687 static void parse_namespace_definition(void)
9691 entity_t *entity = NULL;
9692 symbol_t *symbol = NULL;
9694 if (token.kind == T_IDENTIFIER) {
9695 symbol = token.base.symbol;
9698 entity = get_entity(symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL);
9700 && entity->kind != ENTITY_NAMESPACE
9701 && entity->base.parent_scope == current_scope) {
9702 if (is_entity_valid(entity)) {
9703 error_redefined_as_different_kind(&token.base.source_position,
9704 entity, ENTITY_NAMESPACE);
9710 if (entity == NULL) {
9711 entity = allocate_entity_zero(ENTITY_NAMESPACE, NAMESPACE_NORMAL, symbol, HERE);
9712 entity->base.parent_scope = current_scope;
9715 if (token.kind == '=') {
9716 /* TODO: parse namespace alias */
9717 panic("namespace alias definition not supported yet");
9720 environment_push(entity);
9721 append_entity(current_scope, entity);
9723 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->namespacee.members);
9724 PUSH_CURRENT_ENTITY(entity);
9726 add_anchor_token('}');
9729 rem_anchor_token('}');
9732 POP_CURRENT_ENTITY();
9737 * Parse a statement.
9738 * There's also parse_statement() which additionally checks for
9739 * "statement has no effect" warnings
9741 static statement_t *intern_parse_statement(void)
9743 /* declaration or statement */
9744 statement_t *statement;
9745 switch (token.kind) {
9746 case T_IDENTIFIER: {
9747 token_kind_t la1_type = (token_kind_t)look_ahead(1)->kind;
9748 if (la1_type == ':') {
9749 statement = parse_label_statement();
9750 } else if (is_typedef_symbol(token.base.symbol)) {
9751 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9753 /* it's an identifier, the grammar says this must be an
9754 * expression statement. However it is common that users mistype
9755 * declaration types, so we guess a bit here to improve robustness
9756 * for incorrect programs */
9760 if (get_entity(token.base.symbol, NAMESPACE_NORMAL) != NULL) {
9762 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9766 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9774 case T___extension__: {
9775 /* This can be a prefix to a declaration or an expression statement.
9776 * We simply eat it now and parse the rest with tail recursion. */
9778 statement = intern_parse_statement();
9784 statement = parse_declaration_statement();
9788 statement = parse_local_label_declaration();
9791 case ';': statement = parse_empty_statement(); break;
9792 case '{': statement = parse_compound_statement(false); break;
9793 case T___leave: statement = parse_leave_statement(); break;
9794 case T___try: statement = parse_ms_try_statment(); break;
9795 case T_asm: statement = parse_asm_statement(); break;
9796 case T_break: statement = parse_break(); break;
9797 case T_case: statement = parse_case_statement(); break;
9798 case T_continue: statement = parse_continue(); break;
9799 case T_default: statement = parse_default_statement(); break;
9800 case T_do: statement = parse_do(); break;
9801 case T_for: statement = parse_for(); break;
9802 case T_goto: statement = parse_goto(); break;
9803 case T_if: statement = parse_if(); break;
9804 case T_return: statement = parse_return(); break;
9805 case T_switch: statement = parse_switch(); break;
9806 case T_while: statement = parse_while(); break;
9809 statement = parse_expression_statement();
9813 errorf(HERE, "unexpected token %K while parsing statement", &token);
9814 statement = create_error_statement();
9823 * parse a statement and emits "statement has no effect" warning if needed
9824 * (This is really a wrapper around intern_parse_statement with check for 1
9825 * single warning. It is needed, because for statement expressions we have
9826 * to avoid the warning on the last statement)
9828 static statement_t *parse_statement(void)
9830 statement_t *statement = intern_parse_statement();
9832 if (statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
9833 expression_t *expression = statement->expression.expression;
9834 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9835 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9843 * Parse a compound statement.
9845 static statement_t *parse_compound_statement(bool inside_expression_statement)
9847 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
9849 PUSH_PARENT(statement);
9850 PUSH_SCOPE(&statement->compound.scope);
9853 add_anchor_token('}');
9854 /* tokens, which can start a statement */
9855 /* TODO MS, __builtin_FOO */
9856 add_anchor_token('!');
9857 add_anchor_token('&');
9858 add_anchor_token('(');
9859 add_anchor_token('*');
9860 add_anchor_token('+');
9861 add_anchor_token('-');
9862 add_anchor_token(';');
9863 add_anchor_token('{');
9864 add_anchor_token('~');
9865 add_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9866 add_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
9867 add_anchor_token(T_FLOATINGPOINT);
9868 add_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
9869 add_anchor_token(T_INTEGER);
9870 add_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
9871 add_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
9872 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
9873 add_anchor_token(T_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
9874 add_anchor_token(T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL);
9875 add_anchor_token(T__Bool);
9876 add_anchor_token(T__Complex);
9877 add_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
9878 add_anchor_token(T___FUNCTION__);
9879 add_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
9880 add_anchor_token(T___alignof__);
9881 add_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
9882 add_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
9883 add_anchor_token(T___extension__);
9884 add_anchor_token(T___func__);
9885 add_anchor_token(T___imag__);
9886 add_anchor_token(T___label__);
9887 add_anchor_token(T___real__);
9888 add_anchor_token(T___thread);
9889 add_anchor_token(T_asm);
9890 add_anchor_token(T_auto);
9891 add_anchor_token(T_bool);
9892 add_anchor_token(T_break);
9893 add_anchor_token(T_case);
9894 add_anchor_token(T_char);
9895 add_anchor_token(T_class);
9896 add_anchor_token(T_const);
9897 add_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
9898 add_anchor_token(T_continue);
9899 add_anchor_token(T_default);
9900 add_anchor_token(T_delete);
9901 add_anchor_token(T_double);
9902 add_anchor_token(T_do);
9903 add_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
9904 add_anchor_token(T_enum);
9905 add_anchor_token(T_extern);
9906 add_anchor_token(T_false);
9907 add_anchor_token(T_float);
9908 add_anchor_token(T_for);
9909 add_anchor_token(T_goto);
9910 add_anchor_token(T_if);
9911 add_anchor_token(T_inline);
9912 add_anchor_token(T_int);
9913 add_anchor_token(T_long);
9914 add_anchor_token(T_new);
9915 add_anchor_token(T_operator);
9916 add_anchor_token(T_register);
9917 add_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
9918 add_anchor_token(T_restrict);
9919 add_anchor_token(T_return);
9920 add_anchor_token(T_short);
9921 add_anchor_token(T_signed);
9922 add_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
9923 add_anchor_token(T_static);
9924 add_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
9925 add_anchor_token(T_struct);
9926 add_anchor_token(T_switch);
9927 add_anchor_token(T_template);
9928 add_anchor_token(T_this);
9929 add_anchor_token(T_throw);
9930 add_anchor_token(T_true);
9931 add_anchor_token(T_try);
9932 add_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9933 add_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9934 add_anchor_token(T_typename);
9935 add_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9936 add_anchor_token(T_union);
9937 add_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9938 add_anchor_token(T_using);
9939 add_anchor_token(T_void);
9940 add_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9941 add_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9942 add_anchor_token(T_while);
9944 statement_t **anchor = &statement->compound.statements;
9945 bool only_decls_so_far = true;
9946 while (token.kind != '}' && token.kind != T_EOF) {
9947 statement_t *sub_statement = intern_parse_statement();
9948 if (sub_statement->kind == STATEMENT_ERROR) {
9952 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_DECLARATION) {
9953 only_decls_so_far = false;
9954 } else if (!only_decls_so_far) {
9955 source_position_t const *const pos = &sub_statement->base.source_position;
9956 warningf(WARN_DECLARATION_AFTER_STATEMENT, pos, "ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code");
9959 *anchor = sub_statement;
9960 anchor = &sub_statement->base.next;
9964 /* look over all statements again to produce no effect warnings */
9965 if (is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE)) {
9966 statement_t *sub_statement = statement->compound.statements;
9967 for (; sub_statement != NULL; sub_statement = sub_statement->base.next) {
9968 if (sub_statement->kind != STATEMENT_EXPRESSION)
9970 /* don't emit a warning for the last expression in an expression
9971 * statement as it has always an effect */
9972 if (inside_expression_statement && sub_statement->base.next == NULL)
9975 expression_t *expression = sub_statement->expression.expression;
9976 if (!expression_has_effect(expression)) {
9977 warningf(WARN_UNUSED_VALUE, &expression->base.source_position, "statement has no effect");
9982 rem_anchor_token(T_while);
9983 rem_anchor_token(T_wchar_t);
9984 rem_anchor_token(T_volatile);
9985 rem_anchor_token(T_void);
9986 rem_anchor_token(T_using);
9987 rem_anchor_token(T_unsigned);
9988 rem_anchor_token(T_union);
9989 rem_anchor_token(T_typeof);
9990 rem_anchor_token(T_typename);
9991 rem_anchor_token(T_typeid);
9992 rem_anchor_token(T_typedef);
9993 rem_anchor_token(T_try);
9994 rem_anchor_token(T_true);
9995 rem_anchor_token(T_throw);
9996 rem_anchor_token(T_this);
9997 rem_anchor_token(T_template);
9998 rem_anchor_token(T_switch);
9999 rem_anchor_token(T_struct);
10000 rem_anchor_token(T_static_cast);
10001 rem_anchor_token(T_static);
10002 rem_anchor_token(T_sizeof);
10003 rem_anchor_token(T_signed);
10004 rem_anchor_token(T_short);
10005 rem_anchor_token(T_return);
10006 rem_anchor_token(T_restrict);
10007 rem_anchor_token(T_reinterpret_cast);
10008 rem_anchor_token(T_register);
10009 rem_anchor_token(T_operator);
10010 rem_anchor_token(T_new);
10011 rem_anchor_token(T_long);
10012 rem_anchor_token(T_int);
10013 rem_anchor_token(T_inline);
10014 rem_anchor_token(T_if);
10015 rem_anchor_token(T_goto);
10016 rem_anchor_token(T_for);
10017 rem_anchor_token(T_float);
10018 rem_anchor_token(T_false);
10019 rem_anchor_token(T_extern);
10020 rem_anchor_token(T_enum);
10021 rem_anchor_token(T_dynamic_cast);
10022 rem_anchor_token(T_do);
10023 rem_anchor_token(T_double);
10024 rem_anchor_token(T_delete);
10025 rem_anchor_token(T_default);
10026 rem_anchor_token(T_continue);
10027 rem_anchor_token(T_const_cast);
10028 rem_anchor_token(T_const);
10029 rem_anchor_token(T_class);
10030 rem_anchor_token(T_char);
10031 rem_anchor_token(T_case);
10032 rem_anchor_token(T_break);
10033 rem_anchor_token(T_bool);
10034 rem_anchor_token(T_auto);
10035 rem_anchor_token(T_asm);
10036 rem_anchor_token(T___thread);
10037 rem_anchor_token(T___real__);
10038 rem_anchor_token(T___label__);
10039 rem_anchor_token(T___imag__);
10040 rem_anchor_token(T___func__);
10041 rem_anchor_token(T___extension__);
10042 rem_anchor_token(T___builtin_va_start);
10043 rem_anchor_token(T___attribute__);
10044 rem_anchor_token(T___alignof__);
10045 rem_anchor_token(T___PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
10046 rem_anchor_token(T___FUNCTION__);
10047 rem_anchor_token(T__Imaginary);
10048 rem_anchor_token(T__Complex);
10049 rem_anchor_token(T__Bool);
10050 rem_anchor_token(T_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL);
10051 rem_anchor_token(T_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
10052 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
10053 rem_anchor_token(T_PLUSPLUS);
10054 rem_anchor_token(T_MINUSMINUS);
10055 rem_anchor_token(T_INTEGER);
10056 rem_anchor_token(T_IDENTIFIER);
10057 rem_anchor_token(T_FLOATINGPOINT);
10058 rem_anchor_token(T_COLONCOLON);
10059 rem_anchor_token(T_CHARACTER_CONSTANT);
10060 rem_anchor_token('~');
10061 rem_anchor_token('{');
10062 rem_anchor_token(';');
10063 rem_anchor_token('-');
10064 rem_anchor_token('+');
10065 rem_anchor_token('*');
10066 rem_anchor_token('(');
10067 rem_anchor_token('&');
10068 rem_anchor_token('!');
10069 rem_anchor_token('}');
10077 * Check for unused global static functions and variables
10079 static void check_unused_globals(void)
10081 if (!is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION) && !is_warn_on(WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE))
10084 for (const entity_t *entity = file_scope->entities; entity != NULL;
10085 entity = entity->base.next) {
10086 if (!is_declaration(entity))
10089 const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
10090 if (declaration->used ||
10091 declaration->modifiers & DM_UNUSED ||
10092 declaration->modifiers & DM_USED ||
10093 declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC)
10098 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
10099 /* inhibit warning for static inline functions */
10100 if (entity->function.is_inline)
10103 why = WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION;
10104 s = entity->function.statement != NULL ? "defined" : "declared";
10106 why = WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE;
10110 warningf(why, &declaration->base.source_position, "'%#N' %s but not used", entity, s);
10114 static void parse_global_asm(void)
10116 statement_t *statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_ASM);
10119 add_anchor_token(';');
10120 add_anchor_token(')');
10121 add_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
10124 rem_anchor_token(T_STRING_LITERAL);
10125 statement->asms.asm_text = parse_string_literals();
10126 statement->base.next = unit->global_asm;
10127 unit->global_asm = statement;
10129 rem_anchor_token(')');
10131 rem_anchor_token(';');
10135 static void parse_linkage_specification(void)
10139 source_position_t const pos = *HERE;
10140 char const *const linkage = parse_string_literals().begin;
10142 linkage_kind_t old_linkage = current_linkage;
10143 linkage_kind_t new_linkage;
10144 if (streq(linkage, "C")) {
10145 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10146 } else if (streq(linkage, "C++")) {
10147 new_linkage = LINKAGE_CXX;
10149 errorf(&pos, "linkage string \"%s\" not recognized", linkage);
10150 new_linkage = LINKAGE_C;
10152 current_linkage = new_linkage;
10154 if (next_if('{')) {
10161 assert(current_linkage == new_linkage);
10162 current_linkage = old_linkage;
10165 static void parse_external(void)
10167 switch (token.kind) {
10169 if (look_ahead(1)->kind == T_STRING_LITERAL) {
10170 parse_linkage_specification();
10172 DECLARATION_START_NO_EXTERN
10174 case T___extension__:
10175 /* tokens below are for implicit int */
10176 case '&': /* & x; -> int& x; (and error later, because C++ has no
10178 case '*': /* * x; -> int* x; */
10179 case '(': /* (x); -> int (x); */
10181 parse_external_declaration();
10187 parse_global_asm();
10191 parse_namespace_definition();
10195 if (!strict_mode) {
10196 warningf(WARN_STRAY_SEMICOLON, HERE, "stray ';' outside of function");
10203 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10204 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10205 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10211 static void parse_externals(void)
10213 add_anchor_token('}');
10214 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10217 /* make a copy of the anchor set, so we can check if it is restored after parsing */
10218 unsigned short token_anchor_copy[T_LAST_TOKEN];
10219 memcpy(token_anchor_copy, token_anchor_set, sizeof(token_anchor_copy));
10222 while (token.kind != T_EOF && token.kind != '}') {
10224 for (int i = 0; i < T_LAST_TOKEN; ++i) {
10225 unsigned short count = token_anchor_set[i] - token_anchor_copy[i];
10227 /* the anchor set and its copy differs */
10228 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked anchor token %k %d times", i, count);
10231 if (in_gcc_extension) {
10232 /* an gcc extension scope was not closed */
10233 internal_errorf(HERE, "Leaked __extension__");
10240 rem_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10241 rem_anchor_token('}');
10245 * Parse a translation unit.
10247 static void parse_translation_unit(void)
10249 add_anchor_token(T_EOF);
10254 if (token.kind == T_EOF)
10257 errorf(HERE, "stray %K outside of function", &token);
10258 if (token.kind == '(' || token.kind == '{' || token.kind == '[')
10259 eat_until_matching_token(token.kind);
10264 void set_default_visibility(elf_visibility_tag_t visibility)
10266 default_visibility = visibility;
10272 * @return the translation unit or NULL if errors occurred.
10274 void start_parsing(void)
10276 environment_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10277 label_stack = NEW_ARR_F(stack_entry_t, 0);
10278 diagnostic_count = 0;
10282 print_to_file(stderr);
10284 assert(unit == NULL);
10285 unit = allocate_ast_zero(sizeof(unit[0]));
10287 assert(file_scope == NULL);
10288 file_scope = &unit->scope;
10290 assert(current_scope == NULL);
10291 scope_push(&unit->scope);
10293 create_gnu_builtins();
10295 create_microsoft_intrinsics();
10298 translation_unit_t *finish_parsing(void)
10300 assert(current_scope == &unit->scope);
10303 assert(file_scope == &unit->scope);
10304 check_unused_globals();
10307 DEL_ARR_F(environment_stack);
10308 DEL_ARR_F(label_stack);
10310 translation_unit_t *result = unit;
10315 /* §6.9.2:2 and §6.9.2:5: At the end of the translation incomplete arrays
10316 * are given length one. */
10317 static void complete_incomplete_arrays(void)
10319 size_t n = ARR_LEN(incomplete_arrays);
10320 for (size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
10321 declaration_t *const decl = incomplete_arrays[i];
10322 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
10324 if (!is_type_incomplete(type))
10327 source_position_t const *const pos = &decl->base.source_position;
10328 warningf(WARN_OTHER, pos, "array '%#N' assumed to have one element", (entity_t const*)decl);
10330 type_t *const new_type = duplicate_type(type);
10331 new_type->array.size_constant = true;
10332 new_type->array.has_implicit_size = true;
10333 new_type->array.size = 1;
10335 type_t *const result = identify_new_type(new_type);
10337 decl->type = result;
10341 static void prepare_main_collect2(entity_t *const entity)
10343 PUSH_SCOPE(&entity->function.statement->compound.scope);
10345 // create call to __main
10346 symbol_t *symbol = symbol_table_insert("__main");
10347 entity_t *subsubmain_ent
10348 = create_implicit_function(symbol, &builtin_source_position);
10350 expression_t *ref = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_REFERENCE);
10351 type_t *ftype = subsubmain_ent->declaration.type;
10352 ref->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10353 ref->base.type = make_pointer_type(ftype, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
10354 ref->reference.entity = subsubmain_ent;
10356 expression_t *call = allocate_expression_zero(EXPR_CALL);
10357 call->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10358 call->base.type = type_void;
10359 call->call.function = ref;
10361 statement_t *expr_statement = allocate_statement_zero(STATEMENT_EXPRESSION);
10362 expr_statement->base.source_position = builtin_source_position;
10363 expr_statement->expression.expression = call;
10365 statement_t *statement = entity->function.statement;
10366 assert(statement->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
10367 compound_statement_t *compounds = &statement->compound;
10369 expr_statement->base.next = compounds->statements;
10370 compounds->statements = expr_statement;
10377 lookahead_bufpos = 0;
10378 for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LOOKAHEAD + 2; ++i) {
10381 current_linkage = c_mode & _CXX ? LINKAGE_CXX : LINKAGE_C;
10382 incomplete_arrays = NEW_ARR_F(declaration_t*, 0);
10383 parse_translation_unit();
10384 complete_incomplete_arrays();
10385 DEL_ARR_F(incomplete_arrays);
10386 incomplete_arrays = NULL;
10390 * Initialize the parser.
10392 void init_parser(void)
10394 sym_anonymous = symbol_table_insert("<anonymous>");
10396 memset(token_anchor_set, 0, sizeof(token_anchor_set));
10398 init_expression_parsers();
10399 obstack_init(&temp_obst);
10403 * Terminate the parser.
10405 void exit_parser(void)
10407 obstack_free(&temp_obst, NULL);