[libfirm] / ir / tr / type.h

/*
 * (C) 2001 by Universitaet Karlsruhe
 */

/**
 *
 *  @file type.h
 *
 *  Datastructure to hold type information.
 *
 *  @author Goetz Lindenmaier
 *
 *  This module supplies a datastructure to represent all types
 *  known in the compiled program.  This includes types specified
 *  in the program as well as types defined by the language.  In the
 *  view of the intermediate representation there is no difference
 *  between these types.
 *
 *  There exist several kinds of types, arranged by the structure of
 *  the type.  A type is described by a set of attributes.  Some of
 *  these attributes are common to all types, others depend on the
 *  kind of the type.
 *
 *  Types are different from the modes defined in irmode:  Types are
 *  on the level of the programming language, modes at the level of
 *  the target processor.
 *
 * @see  tpop.h
 */

/* $Id$ */

# ifndef _TYPE_H_
# define _TYPE_H_

# include "tpop.h"
# include "firm_common.h"
# include "ident.h"
# include "irmode.h"
# include <stdbool.h>
# include "dbginfo.h"


/* to resolve recursion between entity.h and type.h */
#ifndef _ENTITY_TYPEDEF_
#define _ENTITY_TYPEDEF_
typedef struct entity entity;
#endif

#ifndef _IR_NODE_TYPEDEF_
#define _IR_NODE_TYPEDEF_
typedef struct ir_node ir_node;
#endif

/**
 *  An abstract data type to represent types.
 *
 *  This is the abstract data type with which any type known in the
 *  compiled program can be represented.  This includes types specified
 *  in the program as well as types defined by the language.  In the
 *  view of the intermediate representation there is no difference
 *  between these types.
 *
 *  There exist several kinds of types, arranged by the structure of
 *  the type.  These are distinguished by a type opcode.
 *  A type is described by a set of attributes.  Some of these attributes
 *  are common to all types, others depend on the kind of the type.
 *
 *  The following describes the common attributes.  They can only be
 *  accessed by the functions given below.
 *
 *  The common fields are:
 *
 *  - firm_kind    A firm_kind tag containing k_type.  This is useful
 *               for dynamically checking whether a node is a type node.
 *  - type_op      A tp_op specifying the kind of the type.
 *  - mode         The mode to be used to represent the type on a machine.
 *               @@@ maybe not global field??
 *  - name         An identifier specifying the name of the type.  To be
 *               set by the frontend.
 *  - size         The size of the type, i.e. an entity of this type will
 *               occupy size bytes in memory.  In several cases this is
 *               determined when fixing the layout of this type (class,
 *               struct, union, array, enumeration).
 *  - state        The state of the type.  The state represents whether the
 *               layout of the type is undefined or fixed (values: layout_undefined
 *               or layout_fixed).  Compound types can have an undefined
 *               layout.  The layout of the basic types primitive and pointer
 *               is always layout_fixed.  If the layout of
 *               compound types is fixed all entities must have an offset
 *               and the size of the type must be set.
 *               A fixed layout for enumeration types means that each enumeration
 *               is associated with an implementation value.
 *  - visit        A counter for walks of the type information.
 *  - link         A void* to associate some additional information with the type.
 *
 *  These fields can only be accessed via access functions.
 *
 *  Depending on the value of type_op, i.e., depending on the kind of the
 *  type the adt contains further attributes.  These are documented below.
 * @see  class, struct, method, union, array, enumeration, pointer, primitive
 */
#ifndef _TYPE_TYPEDEF_
#define _TYPE_TYPEDEF_
typedef struct type type;
#endif

# include "type_or_entity.h"

/** Frees the memory used by the type.   Does not free the entities
   belonging to the type, except for the array element entity.  */
void        free_type(type *tp);

tp_op*      get_type_tpop(type *tp);
ident*      get_type_tpop_nameid(type *tp);
const char* get_type_tpop_name(type *tp);
tp_opcode   get_type_tpop_code(type *tp);

ident*      get_type_ident(type *tp);
void        set_type_ident(type *tp, ident* id);
const char* get_type_name(type *tp);

typedef enum {
  layout_undefined,    /**< The layout of this type is not defined.
                          Address computation to access fields is not
                          possible, fields must be accessed by Sel
                          nodes.  This is the default value except for
                          pointer, primitive and method types. */
  layout_fixed         /**< The layout is fixed, all component/member entities
                          have an offset assigned.  Size of the type is known.
                          Arrays can be accessed by explicit address
                          computation. Default for pointer, primitive ane method
                          types.  */
} type_state;
type_state  get_type_state(type *tp);
/* For primitives, pointer and method types the layout is always fixed.
   This call is legal but has no effect. */
void        set_type_state(type *tp, type_state state);

/* Returns NULL for all non atomic types. */
ir_mode*    get_type_mode(type *tp);
/* Only has an effect on primitive and enumeration types */
void        set_type_mode(type *tp, ir_mode* m);

int         get_type_size(type *tp);
/* For primitive, enumeration, pointer and method types the size
   is always fixed. This call is legal but has no effect. */
void        set_type_size(type *tp, int size);


unsigned long get_type_visited(type *tp);
void          set_type_visited(type *tp, unsigned long num);
/* Sets visited field in type to type_visited. */
void          mark_type_visited(type *tp);
/* @@@ name clash!! bool          type_visited(type *tp); */
bool          type_not_visited(type *tp);

void*         get_type_link(type *tp);
void          set_type_link(type *tp, void *l);

/**
 *
 *   visited flag to traverse the type information
 *   Increase this flag by one before traversing the type information.
 *   Mark type nodes as visited by set_type_visited(type, type_visited).
 *   Check whether node was already visited by comparing get_type_visited(type)
 *   and type_visited.
 *   Or use the function to walk all types.
 * @see  typewalk
 */
extern unsigned long type_visited;
void          set_master_type_visited(unsigned long val);
unsigned long get_master_type_visited(void);
void          inc_master_type_visited(void);

/**
 *
 *   Checks whether a pointer points to a type.
 *
 *   @param thing     an arbitrary pointer
 *
 *   @return
 *       true if the thing is a type, else false
 *
 */
int is_type            (void *thing);

/**
 *   Checks whether two types are structural equal.
 *
 *   @param st pointer type
 *   @param lt pointer type
 *
 *   @return
 *    true if the types are equal, else false.
 *    Types are equal if
 *    - they are the same type kind
 *    - they have the same name
 *    - they have the same mode (if applicable)
 *    - they have the same type_state and, ev., the same size
 *    - they are class types and have
 *      - the same members (see same_entity in entity.h)
 *      - the same supertypes -- the C-pointers are compared --> no recursive call.
 *      - the same number of subtypes.  Subtypes are not compared,
 *        as this could cause a cyclic test.
 *      - the same peculiarity
 *    - they are structure types and have the same members
 *    - they are method types and have
 *      - the same parameter types
 *      - the same result types
 *    - they are union types and have the same members
 *    - they are array types and have
 *      - the same number of dimensions
 *      - the same dimension bounds
 *      - the same dimension order
 *      - the same element type
 *    - they are enumeration types and have the same enumerator names
 *    - they are pointer types and have the identical points_to type
 *      (i.e., the same C-struct to represent the type, type_id is skipped.
 *       This is to avoid endless recursions; with pointer types circlic
 *       type graphs are possible.)
 */
bool equal_type(type *tpy1, type *typ2);

/**
 *   Checks whether two types are structural comparable.
 *
 *   @param st pointer type
 *   @param lt pointer type
 *
 *   @return
 *    true if type st is smaller than type lt, i.e. whenever
 *    lt is expected a st can be used.
 *    This is true if
 *    - they are the same type kind
 *    - mode(st) < mode (lt)  (if applicable)
 *    - they are class types and st is (transitive) subtype of lt,
 *    - they are structure types and
 *       - the members of st have exactly one counterpart in lt with the same name,
 *       - the counterpart has a bigger type.
 *    - they are method types and have
 *      - the same number of parameter and result types,
 *      - the parameter types of st are smaller than those of lt,
 *      - the result types of st are smaller than those of lt
 *    - they are union types and have the members of st have exactly one
 *      @return counterpart in lt and the type is smaller
 *    - they are array types and have
 *      - the same number of dimensions
 *      - all bounds of lt are bound of st
 *      - the same dimension order
 *      - the same element type
 *      @return or
 *      - the element type of st is smaller than that of lt
 *      - the element types have the same size and fixed layout.
 *    - they are enumeration types and have the same enumerator names
 *    - they are pointer types and have the points_to type of st is
 *      @return smaller than the points_to type of lt.
 *
 */
bool smaller_type (type *st, type *lt);

/**
 *  Representation of a class type.
 *  If the type opcode is set to type_class the type represents class
 *  types.  A list of fields and methods is associated with a class.
 *  Further a class can inherit from and bequest to other classes.
 *  @@@ value class???
 *  @param The following attributes are private to this type kind.
 *  @param member     All entities belonging to this class.  This are methode entities
 *             which have type_method or fields that can have any of the
 *             following type kinds: type_class, type_struct, type_union,
 *             type_array, type_enumeration, type_pointer, type_primitive.
 *
 *  @param subtypes   A list of direct subclasses.
 *
 *  @param supertypes A list of direct superclasses.
 *
 *  @param These are dynamic lists that can be grown with an "add_" function,
 *  @param but not shrinked.
 *
 *  @param peculiarity The peculiarity of this class.  If the class is of peculiarity
 *             "description" it only is a description of requirememts to a class,
 *             as, e.g., a Java interface.  The class will never be allocated.
 *             Peculiatity inherited is only possible for entities.  An entity
 *             is of peculiarity inherited if the compiler generated the entity
 *             to explicitly resolve inheritance.  An inherited method entity has
 *             no value for irg.
 *             Values: description, existent, inherited.  Default: existent.
 *
 */
/* create a new class type */
type   *new_type_class (ident *name);
type   *new_d_type_class (ident *name, dbg_info *db);

/** manipulate private fields of class type  **/
/* Adds the entity as member of the class.  */
void    add_class_member   (type *clss, entity *member);
/* Returns the number of members of this class. */
int     get_class_n_members (type *clss);
/* Returns the member at position pos, 0 <= pos < n_member */
entity *get_class_member   (type *clss, int pos);
/** Returns index of mem in clss, -1 if not contained. */
int     get_class_member_index(type *clss, entity *mem);
/* Overwrites the member at position pos, 0 <= pos < n_member with
   the passed entity. */
void    set_class_member   (type *clss, entity *member, int pos);
/* Replaces complete member list in class type by the list passed.  Copies the
   list passed. This function is necessary to reduce the number of members.
   members is an array of entities, num the size of this array.  Sets all
   owners of the members passed to clss. */
void    set_class_members  (type *clss, entity *members[], int arity);
/* Finds member in the list of members and removes it.
   Shrinks the member list, so iterate from the end!!!
   Does not deallocate the entity.  */
void    remove_class_member(type *clss, entity *member);


/* Adds subtype as subtype to clss.
   Checks whether clss is a supertype of subtype.  If not
   adds also clss as supertype to subtype.  */
void    add_class_subtype   (type *clss, type *subtype);
/* Returns the number of subtypes */
int     get_class_n_subtypes (type *clss);
/* Gets the subtype at position pos, 0 <= pos < n_subtype. */
type   *get_class_subtype   (type *clss, int pos);
/* Sets the subtype at positioin pos, 0 <= pos < n_subtype.  Does not
   set the corresponding supertype relation for subtype: this might
   be a different position! */
void    set_class_subtype   (type *clss, type *subtype, int pos);
/* Finds subtype in the list of subtypes and removes it  */
void    remove_class_subtype(type *clss, type *subtype);


/* Adds supertype as supertype to class.
   Checks whether clss is a subtype of supertype.  If not
   adds also clss as subtype to supertype.  */
void    add_class_supertype   (type *clss, type *supertype);
/* Returns the number of supertypes */
int     get_class_n_supertypes (type *clss);
int     get_class_supertype_index(type *clss, type *super_clss);
/* Gets the supertype at position pos,  0 <= pos < n_supertype. */
type   *get_class_supertype   (type *clss, int pos);
/* Sets the supertype at postition pos, 0 <= pos < n_subtype.  Does not
   set the corresponding subtype relation for supertype: this might
   be a different position! */
void    set_class_supertype   (type *clss, type *supertype, int pos);
/* Finds supertype in the list of supertypes and removes it */
void    remove_class_supertype(type *clss, type *supertype);

/** This enumeration flags the peculiarity of entities and types. */
typedef enum peculiarity {
  description,     /**< Represents only a description.  The entity/type is never
                      allocated, no code/data exists for this entity/type. */
  inherited,       /**< Describes explicitly that other entities are
                      inherited to the owner of this entity.
                      Overwrites must refer to at least one other
                      entity.  If this is a method entity there exists
                      no irg for this entity, only for one of the
                      overwritten ones. */
  existent         /**< The entity/type (can) exist. */
} peculiarity;

/* The peculiarity of the class.  The enumeration peculiarity is defined
   in entity.h */
INLINE peculiarity get_class_peculiarity (type *clss);
INLINE void        set_class_peculiarity (type *clss, peculiarity pec);

/* Set and get a class' dfn --
   @todo This is an undocumented field, subject to change! */
void set_class_dfn (type *clss, int dfn);
int  get_class_dfn (type *clss);

/* typecheck */
bool is_class_type(type *clss);
/* Returns true if low is subclass of high. */
bool is_subclass_of(type *low, type *high);

/**
 *  Representation of a struct type.
 *  Type_strct represents aggregate types that consist of a list
 *  of fields.
 *  @param member   All entities belonging to this class.  This are the fields
 *           that can have any of the following types:  type_class,
 *           type_struct, type_union, type_array, type_enumeration,
 *           type_pointer, type_primitive.
 *           This is a dynamic list that can be grown with an "add_" function,
 *           but not shrinked.
 *           This is a dynamic list that can be grown with an "add_" function,
 *           but not shrinked.
 */
/* create a new type struct */
type   *new_type_struct (ident *name);
type   *new_d_type_struct (ident *name, dbg_info* db);

/* manipulate private fields of struct */
void    add_struct_member   (type *strct, entity *member);
int     get_struct_n_members (type *strct);
entity *get_struct_member   (type *strct, int pos);
void    set_struct_member   (type *strct, int pos, entity *member);
/* Finds member in the list of memberss and removees it */
void    remove_struct_member (type *strct, entity *member);

/* typecheck */
bool    is_struct_type(type *strct);

/**
 *  Representation of a method type.
 *  A method type represents a method, function or procedure type.
 *  It contains a list of the parameter and result types, as these
 *  are part of the type description.  These lists should not
 *  be changed by a optimization, as a change creates a new method
 *  type.  Therefore optimizations should allocated new method types.
 *  The set_ routines are only for construction by a frontend.
 *  @param n_params    Number of parameters to the procedure.
 *              A procedure in FIRM has only call by value parameters.
 *
 *  @param param_type  A list with the types of parameters.  This list is ordered.
 *              The nth type in this list corresponds to the nth element
 *              in the parameter tuple that is a result of the start node.
 *              (See ircons.h for more information.)
 *
 *  @param n_res       The number of results of the method.  In general, procedures
 *              have zero results, functions one.
 *
 *  @param res_type    A list with the types of parameters.  This list is ordered.
 *              The nth type in this list corresponds to the nth input to
 *              Return nodes.  (See ircons.h for more information.)
 */

/** Create a new method type.
 *
   @param n_param   the number of parameters
   @param n_res     the number of results

   The arrays for the parameter and result types are not initialized by
   the constructor. */
type *new_type_method (ident *name, int n_param, int n_res);
type *new_d_type_method (ident *name, int n_param, int n_res, dbg_info* db);

/** manipulate private fields of method. */
int   get_method_n_params  (type *method);
type *get_method_param_type(type *method, int pos);
void  set_method_param_type(type *method, int pos, type* tp);

int   get_method_n_ress   (type *method);
type *get_method_res_type(type *method, int pos);
void  set_method_res_type(type *method, int pos, type* tp);

/**
 * this enum flags the variadicity of methods (methods with a
 * variable amount of arguments (e.g. C's printf). Default is
 * non_variadic.
 */
typedef enum variadicity {
  non_variadic,
  variadic
} variadicity;

variadicity get_method_variadicity(type *method);
void set_method_variadicity(type *method, variadicity vari);

/* typecheck */
bool  is_method_type     (type *method);

/**
 *   Representation of a union type.
 *   The union type represents union types.
 *   @param n_types        Number of unioned types.
 *   @param members        Entities for unioned types.  Fixed length array.
 *                  This is a dynamic list that can be grown with an "add_" function,
 *                  but not shrinked.
 */
/* create a new type union  */
type   *new_type_union (ident *name);
type   *new_d_type_union (ident *name, dbg_info* db);

/* manipulate private fields of struct */
int     get_union_n_members      (type *uni);
void    add_union_member (type *uni, entity *member);
entity *get_union_member (type *uni, int pos);
void    set_union_member (type *uni, int pos, entity *member);
/* Finds member in the list of members and removes it. */
void    remove_union_member (type *uni, entity *member);

/* typecheck */
bool    is_union_type          (type *uni);

/**
 *   Representation of an array type.
 *   The array type represents rectangular multi dimensional arrays.
 *   The constants representing the bounds must be allocated to
 *   get_const_code_irg() by setting current_ir_graph accordingly.
 *   @param n_dimensions     Number of array dimensions.
 *   @param *lower_bound     Lower bounds of dimensions.  Usually all 0.
 *   @param *upper_bound     Upper bounds or dimensions.
 *   @param *element_type    The type of the array elements.
 *   @param *element_ent     An entity for the array elements to be used for
 *                    element selection with Sel.
 *   @todo
 *   Do we need several entities?  One might want
 *   to select a dimension and not a single element in case of multidim arrays.
 */
/* create a new type array --
   Sets n_dimension to dimension and all dimension entries to NULL.
   Initializes order to the order of the dimensions.
   The entity for array elements is built automatically.
   Set dimension sizes after call to constructor with set_* routines. */
type *new_type_array         (ident *name, int n_dimensions,
                              type *element_type);
type *new_d_type_array         (ident *name, int n_dimensions,
                              type *element_type, dbg_info* db);

/* manipulate private fields of array type */
int   get_array_n_dimensions (type *array);
/* Allocates Const nodes of mode_I for the array dimensions */
void  set_array_bounds_int   (type *array, int dimension, int lower_bound,
                                                          int upper_bound);
void  set_array_bounds       (type *array, int dimension, ir_node *lower_bound,
                                                          ir_node *upper_bound);
void  set_array_lower_bound  (type *array, int dimension, ir_node *lower_bound);
void  set_array_lower_bound_int (type *array, int dimension, int lower_bound);
void  set_array_upper_bound  (type *array, int dimension, ir_node *upper_bound);
void  set_array_upper_bound_int (type *array, int dimension, int lower_bound);
ir_node * get_array_lower_bound  (type *array, int dimension);
ir_node * get_array_upper_bound  (type *array, int dimension);

void set_array_order (type *array, int dimension, int order);
int  get_array_order (type *array, int dimension);

void  set_array_element_type (type *array, type *tp);
type *get_array_element_type (type *array);

void  set_array_element_entity (type *array, entity *ent);
entity *get_array_element_entity (type *array);

/* typecheck */
bool   is_array_type         (type *array);

/**
 *  Representation of an enumeration type.
 *  Enumeration types need not necessarily be represented explicitly
 *  by Firm types, as the frontend can lower them to integer constants as
 *  well.  For debugging purposes or similar tasks this information is useful.
 *   @param *enum           The target values representing the constants used to
 *                   represent individual enumerations.
 *   @param *enum_nameid    Idents containing the source program name of the enumeration
 *                   constants
 *
*/
/* create a new type enumeration -- set the enumerators independently */
type   *new_type_enumeration    (ident *name, int n_enums);
type   *new_d_type_enumeration    (ident *name, int n_enums, dbg_info* db);

/* manipulate fields of enumeration type. */
int     get_enumeration_n_enums (type *enumeration);

void    set_enumeration_enum    (type *enumeration, int pos, tarval *con);
tarval *get_enumeration_enum    (type *enumeration, int pos);

void    set_enumeration_nameid  (type *enumeration, int pos, ident *id);
ident  *get_enumeration_nameid  (type *enumeration, int pos);
const char *get_enumeration_name(type *enumeration, int pos);

/* typecheck */
bool    is_enumeration_type     (type *enumeration);

/**
 *   Representation of a pointer type.
 *   Pointer types.
 *   @param points_to       The type of the entity this pointer points to.
 */
/* Create a new type pointer */
type *new_type_pointer           (ident *name, type *points_to);
type *new_d_type_pointer           (ident *name, type *points_to, dbg_info* db);

/* manipulate fields of type_pointer */
void  set_pointer_points_to_type (type *pointer, type *tp);
type *get_pointer_points_to_type (type *pointer);

/* typecheck */
bool  is_pointer_type            (type *pointer);

/**
 *   Representation of a primitive type.
 *   Primitive types are types that represent indivisible data values that
 *   map directly to modes.  They don't have a private attribute.  The
 *   important information they carry is held in the common mode field.
*/
/* create a new type primitive */
type *new_type_primitive (ident *name, ir_mode *mode);
type *new_d_type_primitive (ident *name, ir_mode *mode, dbg_info* db);

/* typecheck */
bool  is_primitive_type  (type *primitive);



/**
 *   Checks whether a type is atomic.
 *   @param tp - any type
 *   @return true if type is primitive, pointer or enumeration
 */
int is_atomic_type(type *tp);

/**
 *   Checks whether a type is compound.
 *   @param tp - any type
 *   @return true if the type is class, structure, union or array type.
 */
int is_compound_type(type *tp);


/** Outputs a unique number for this type if libfirm is compiled for
   debugging, (configure with --enable-debug) else returns 0. */
INLINE long get_type_nr(type *tp);

# endif /* _TYPE_H_ */