[libfirm] / ir / be / bespillbelady.c

/**
 * Author:      Daniel Grund, Matthias Braun
 * Date:        20.09.2005
 * Copyright:   (c) Universitaet Karlsruhe
 * Licence:     This file protected by GPL -  GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.
 *
 */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
#include <alloca.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
#include <malloc.h>
#endif

#include "obst.h"
#include "set.h"
#include "pset.h"
#include "irprintf_t.h"
#include "irgraph.h"
#include "irnode.h"
#include "irmode.h"
#include "irgwalk.h"
#include "irloop.h"
#include "iredges_t.h"
#include "ircons_t.h"
#include "irprintf.h"

#include "beutil.h"
#include "bearch.h"
#include "bespillbelady.h"
#include "beuses_t.h"
#include "besched_t.h"
#include "beirgmod.h"
#include "belive_t.h"
#include "benode_t.h"
#include "bechordal_t.h"
#include "bespilloptions.h"

#define DBG_SPILL   1
#define DBG_WSETS   2
#define DBG_FIX     4
#define DBG_DECIDE  8
#define DBG_START  16
#define DBG_SLOTS  32
#define DBG_TRACE  64
#define DBG_WORKSET 128
DEBUG_ONLY(static firm_dbg_module_t *dbg = NULL;)

/**
 * An association between a node and a point in time.
 */
typedef struct _loc_t {
  ir_node *irn;        /**< A node. */
  unsigned time;       /**< A use time (see beuses.h). */
} loc_t;

typedef struct _workset_t {
        int len;                        /**< current length */
        loc_t vals[0];          /**< inlined array of the values/distances in this working set */
} workset_t;

typedef struct _belady_env_t {
        struct obstack ob;
        const arch_env_t *arch;
        const arch_register_class_t *cls;
        const be_lv_t *lv;
        int n_regs;                     /** number of regs in this reg-class */

        workset_t *ws;          /**< the main workset used while processing a block. ob-allocated */
        be_uses_t *uses;        /**< env for the next-use magic */
        ir_node *instr;         /**< current instruction */
        unsigned instr_nr;      /**< current instruction number (relative to block start) */
        pset *used;

        spill_env_t *senv;      /**< see bespill.h */
} belady_env_t;

static int loc_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        const loc_t *p = a;
        const loc_t *q = b;
        return p->time - q->time;
}

static INLINE void workset_print(const workset_t *w)
{
        int i;

        for(i = 0; i < w->len; ++i) {
                ir_fprintf(stderr, "%+F %d\n", w->vals[i].irn, w->vals[i].time);
        }
}

/**
 * Alloc a new workset on obstack @p ob with maximum size @p max
 */
static INLINE workset_t *new_workset(belady_env_t *env, struct obstack *ob) {
        workset_t *res;
        size_t size = sizeof(*res) + (env->n_regs)*sizeof(res->vals[0]);
        res = obstack_alloc(ob, size);
        memset(res, 0, size);
        return res;
}

/**
 * Alloc a new instance on obstack and make it equal to @param ws
 */
static INLINE workset_t *workset_clone(belady_env_t *env, struct obstack *ob, workset_t *ws) {
        workset_t *res;
        size_t size = sizeof(*res) + (env->n_regs)*sizeof(res->vals[0]);
        res = obstack_alloc(ob, size);
        memcpy(res, ws, size);
        return res;
}

/**
 * Do NOT alloc anything. Make @param tgt equal to @param src.
 * returns @param tgt for convenience
 */
static INLINE workset_t *workset_copy(belady_env_t *env, workset_t *tgt, workset_t *src) {
        size_t size = sizeof(*src) + (env->n_regs)*sizeof(src->vals[0]);
        memcpy(tgt, src, size);
        return tgt;
}

/**
 * Overwrites the current content array of @param ws with the
 * @param count locations given at memory @param locs.
 * Set the length of @param ws to count.
 */
static INLINE void workset_bulk_fill(workset_t *workset, int count, const loc_t *locs) {
        workset->len = count;
        memcpy(&(workset->vals[0]), locs, count * sizeof(locs[0]));
}

/**
 * Inserts the value @p val into the workset, iff it is not
 * already contained. The workset must not be full.
 */
static INLINE void workset_insert(belady_env_t *env, workset_t *ws, ir_node *val) {
        int i;
        /* check for current regclass */
        if (!arch_irn_consider_in_reg_alloc(env->arch, env->cls, val)) {
                DBG((dbg, DBG_WORKSET, "Skipped %+F\n", val));
                return;
        }

        /* check if val is already contained */
        for(i=0; i<ws->len; ++i)
                if (ws->vals[i].irn == val)
                        return;

        /* insert val */
        assert(ws->len < env->n_regs && "Workset already full!");
        ws->vals[ws->len++].irn = val;
}

/**
 * Removes all entries from this workset
 */
static INLINE void workset_clear(workset_t *ws) {
        ws->len = 0;
}

/**
 * Removes the value @p val from the workset if present.
 */
static INLINE void workset_remove(workset_t *ws, ir_node *val) {
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<ws->len; ++i) {
                if (ws->vals[i].irn == val) {
                        ws->vals[i] = ws->vals[--ws->len];
                        return;
                }
        }
}

static INLINE int workset_contains(const workset_t *ws, const ir_node *val) {
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<ws->len; ++i) {
                if (ws->vals[i].irn == val)
                        return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Iterates over all values in the working set.
 * @p ws The workset to iterate
 * @p v  A variable to put the current value in
 * @p i  An integer for internal use
 */
#define workset_foreach(ws, v, i)       for(i=0; \
                                                                                v=(i < ws->len) ? ws->vals[i].irn : NULL, i < ws->len; \
                                                                                ++i)

#define workset_set_time(ws, i, t) (ws)->vals[i].time=t
#define workset_get_time(ws, i) (ws)->vals[i].time
#define workset_set_length(ws, length) (ws)->len = length
#define workset_get_length(ws) ((ws)->len)
#define workset_get_val(ws, i) ((ws)->vals[i].irn)
#define workset_sort(ws) qsort((ws)->vals, (ws)->len, sizeof((ws)->vals[0]), loc_compare);

typedef struct _block_info_t {
        workset_t *ws_start, *ws_end;
        int processed;
} block_info_t;


static INLINE void *new_block_info(struct obstack *ob) {
        block_info_t *res = obstack_alloc(ob, sizeof(*res));
        res->ws_start = NULL;
        res->ws_end = NULL;
        res->processed = 0;

        return res;
}

#define get_block_info(block)        ((block_info_t *)get_irn_link(block))
#define set_block_info(block, info)  set_irn_link(block, info)

/**
 * @return The distance to the next use or 0 if irn has dont_spill flag set
 */
static INLINE unsigned get_distance(belady_env_t *env, ir_node *from, unsigned from_step, const ir_node *def, int skip_from_uses)
{
        be_next_use_t use;
        int flags = arch_irn_get_flags(env->arch, def);

        assert(! (flags & arch_irn_flags_ignore));

        use = be_get_next_use(env->uses, from, from_step, def, skip_from_uses);
        if(USES_IS_INFINITE(use.time))
                return USES_INFINITY;

        /* We have to keep nonspillable nodes in the workingset */
        if(flags & arch_irn_flags_dont_spill)
                return 0;

        return use.time;
}

/**
 * Performs the actions necessary to grant the request that:
 * - new_vals can be held in registers
 * - as few as possible other values are disposed
 * - the worst values get disposed
 *
 * @p is_usage indicates that the values in new_vals are used (not defined)
 * In this case reloads must be performed
 */
static void displace(belady_env_t *env, workset_t *new_vals, int is_usage) {
        ir_node *val;
        int     i, len, max_allowed, demand, iter;

        workset_t *ws         = env->ws;
        ir_node   **to_insert = alloca(env->n_regs * sizeof(*to_insert));

        /*
                1. Identify the number of needed slots and the values to reload
        */
        demand = 0;
        workset_foreach(new_vals, val, iter) {
                /* mark value as used */
                if (is_usage)
                        pset_insert_ptr(env->used, val);

                if (! workset_contains(ws, val)) {
                        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "    insert %+F\n", val));
                        to_insert[demand++] = val;
                        if (is_usage) {
                                DBG((dbg, DBG_SPILL, "Reload %+F before %+F\n", val, env->instr));
                                be_add_reload(env->senv, val, env->instr, env->cls, 1);
                        }
                }
                else {
                        assert(is_usage || "Defined value already in workset?!?");
                        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "    skip %+F\n", val));
                }
        }
        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "    demand = %d\n", demand));

        /*
                2. Make room for at least 'demand' slots
        */
        len         = workset_get_length(ws);
        max_allowed = env->n_regs - demand;

        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "    disposing %d values\n", ws->len - max_allowed));

        /* Only make more free room if we do not have enough */
        if (len > max_allowed) {
                /* get current next-use distance */
                for (i = 0; i < ws->len; ++i) {
                        unsigned dist = get_distance(env, env->instr, env->instr_nr, workset_get_val(ws, i), !is_usage);
                        workset_set_time(ws, i, dist);
                }

                /* sort entries by increasing nextuse-distance*/
                workset_sort(ws);

                /*
                        Logic for not needed live-ins: If a value is disposed
                        before its first usage, remove it from start workset
                        We don't do this for phis though
                */
                for (i = max_allowed; i < ws->len; ++i) {
                        ir_node *irn = ws->vals[i].irn;

                        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "    disposing %+F (%u)\n", irn, workset_get_time(ws, i)));

            if (is_Phi(irn))
                continue;

                        if (! pset_find_ptr(env->used, irn)) {
                                ir_node   *curr_bb  = get_nodes_block(env->instr);
                                workset_t *ws_start = get_block_info(curr_bb)->ws_start;
                                workset_remove(ws_start, irn);

                                DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "    (and removing %+F from start workset)\n", irn));
                        }
                }

                /* kill the last 'demand' entries in the array */
                workset_set_length(ws, max_allowed);
        }

        /*
                3. Insert the new values into the workset
        */
        for (i = 0; i < demand; ++i)
                workset_insert(env, env->ws, to_insert[i]);
}

static void belady(ir_node *block, void *env);

static loc_t to_take_or_not_to_take(belady_env_t *env, ir_node* first, ir_node *node, ir_node *block, ir_loop *loop) {
        be_next_use_t next_use;
        loc_t loc;
        loc.time = USES_INFINITY;

        if (!arch_irn_consider_in_reg_alloc(env->arch, env->cls, node)) {
                loc.time = USES_INFINITY;
                return loc;
        }

        loc.irn = node;

        /* We have to keep nonspillable nodes in the workingset */
        if(arch_irn_get_flags(env->arch, node) & arch_irn_flags_dont_spill) {
                loc.time = 0;
                DBG((dbg, DBG_START, "    %+F taken (dontspill node)\n", node, loc.time));
                return loc;
        }

        next_use = be_get_next_use(env->uses, first, 0, node, 0);
        if(USES_IS_INFINITE(next_use.time)) {
                // the nodes marked as live in shouldn't be dead, so it must be a phi
                loc.time = USES_INFINITY;
                DBG((dbg, DBG_START, "    %+F not taken (dead)\n", node));
                assert(is_Phi(node));
                return loc;
        }

        loc.time = next_use.time;

        if(next_use.outermost_loop >= get_loop_depth(loop)) {
                DBG((dbg, DBG_START, "    %+F taken (%u, loop %d)\n", node, loc.time, next_use.outermost_loop));
                return loc;
                // ARR_APP1(loc_t, starters, loc);
        } else {
                loc.time = USES_INFINITY;
                DBG((dbg, DBG_START, "    %+F not taken (outerloopdepth %d < loopdetph %d)\n", node, next_use.outermost_loop, get_loop_depth(loop)));
                return loc;
        }
}

/*
 * Computes set of live-ins for each block with multiple predecessors
 * and notifies spill algorithm which phis need to be spilled
 */
static void compute_live_ins(ir_node *block, void *data) {
        belady_env_t *env = data;
        block_info_t *block_info;
        ir_node *first, *irn;
        loc_t loc, *starters;
        int i, len, ws_count;
        ir_loop *loop = get_irn_loop(block);
        const be_lv_t *lv = env->lv;

        if(get_Block_n_cfgpreds(block) == 1 && get_irg_start_block(get_irn_irg(block)) != block)
                return;

        block_info = new_block_info(&env->ob);
        set_block_info(block, block_info);

        /* Collect all values living at start of block */
        starters = NEW_ARR_F(loc_t, 0);

        DBG((dbg, DBG_START, "Living at start of %+F:\n", block));
        first = sched_first(block);

        sched_foreach(block, irn) {
                if(!is_Phi(irn))
                        break;

                loc = to_take_or_not_to_take(env, first, irn, block, loop);

                if(!USES_IS_INFINITE(loc.time)) {
                        ARR_APP1(loc_t, starters, loc);
                } else {
                        be_spill_phi(env->senv, irn);
                }
        }

        be_lv_foreach(lv, block, be_lv_state_in, i) {
                ir_node *node = be_lv_get_irn(lv, block, i);

                loc = to_take_or_not_to_take(env, first, node, block, loop);

                if(!USES_IS_INFINITE(loc.time)) {
                        ARR_APP1(loc_t, starters, loc);
                }
        }

        // Sort start values by first use
        qsort(starters, ARR_LEN(starters), sizeof(starters[0]), loc_compare);

        /* Copy the best ones from starters to start workset */
        ws_count = MIN(ARR_LEN(starters), env->n_regs);
        block_info->ws_start = new_workset(env, &env->ob);
        workset_bulk_fill(block_info->ws_start, ws_count, starters);

        /* The phis of this block which are not in the start set have to be spilled later. */
        len = ARR_LEN(starters);
        for (i = ws_count; i < len; ++i) {
                irn = starters[i].irn;
                if (!is_Phi(irn) || get_nodes_block(irn) != block)
                        continue;

                be_spill_phi(env->senv, irn);
        }

        DEL_ARR_F(starters);
}

/**
 * Collects all values live-in at block @p block and all phi results in this block.
 * Then it adds the best values (at most n_regs) to the blocks start_workset.
 * The phis among the remaining values get spilled: Introduce psudo-copies of
 *  their args to break interference and make it possible to spill them to the
 *  same spill slot.
 */
static block_info_t *compute_block_start_info(belady_env_t *env, ir_node *block) {
        ir_node *pred_block;
        block_info_t *res, *pred_info;

        /* Have we seen this block before? */
        res = get_block_info(block);
        if (res)
                return res;

        /* Create the block info for this block. */
        res = new_block_info(&env->ob);
        set_block_info(block, res);

        /* Use endset of predecessor block as startset */
        assert(get_Block_n_cfgpreds(block) == 1 && block != get_irg_start_block(get_irn_irg(block)));
        pred_block = get_Block_cfgpred_block(block, 0);
        pred_info = get_block_info(pred_block);

        /* if pred block has not been processed yet, do it now */
        if (pred_info == NULL || pred_info->processed == 0) {
                belady(pred_block, env);
                pred_info = get_block_info(pred_block);
        }

        /* now we have an end_set of pred */
        assert(pred_info->ws_end && "The recursive call (above) is supposed to compute an end_set");
        res->ws_start = workset_clone(env, &env->ob, pred_info->ws_end);

        return res;
}


/**
 * For the given block @p block, decide for each values
 * whether it is used from a register or is reloaded
 * before the use.
 */
static void belady(ir_node *block, void *data) {
        belady_env_t *env = data;
        workset_t *new_vals;
        ir_node *irn;
        int iter;
        block_info_t *block_info;

        /* make sure we have blockinfo (with startset) */
        block_info = get_block_info(block);
        if (block_info == NULL)
                block_info = compute_block_start_info(env, block);

        /* Don't do a block twice */
        if(block_info->processed)
                return;

        /* get the starting workset for this block */
        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "\n"));
        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "Decide for %+F\n", block));

        workset_copy(env, env->ws, block_info->ws_start);
        DBG((dbg, DBG_WSETS, "Start workset for %+F:\n", block));
        workset_foreach(env->ws, irn, iter)
                DBG((dbg, DBG_WSETS, "  %+F (%u)\n", irn, workset_get_time(env->ws, iter)));

        /* process the block from start to end */
        DBG((dbg, DBG_WSETS, "Processing...\n"));
        env->used = pset_new_ptr_default();
        env->instr_nr = 0;
        new_vals = new_workset(env, &env->ob);
        sched_foreach(block, irn) {
                int i, arity;
                assert(workset_get_length(env->ws) <= env->n_regs && "Too much values in workset!");

                /* projs are handled with the tuple value.
                 * Phis are no real instr (see insert_starters())
                 * instr_nr does not increase */
                if (is_Proj(irn) || is_Phi(irn)) {
                        DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "  ...%+F skipped\n", irn));
                        continue;
                }
                DBG((dbg, DBG_DECIDE, "  ...%+F\n", irn));

                /* set instruction in the workset */
                env->instr = irn;

                /* allocate all values _used_ by this instruction */
                workset_clear(new_vals);
                for(i = 0, arity = get_irn_arity(irn); i < arity; ++i) {
                        workset_insert(env, new_vals, get_irn_n(irn, i));
                }
                displace(env, new_vals, 1);

                /* allocate all values _defined_ by this instruction */
                workset_clear(new_vals);
                if (get_irn_mode(irn) == mode_T) { /* special handling for tuples and projs */
                        ir_node *proj;
                        for(proj=sched_next(irn); is_Proj(proj); proj=sched_next(proj))
                                workset_insert(env, new_vals, proj);
                } else {
                        workset_insert(env, new_vals, irn);
                }
                displace(env, new_vals, 0);

                env->instr_nr++;
        }
        del_pset(env->used);

        /* Remember end-workset for this block */
        block_info->ws_end = workset_clone(env, &env->ob, env->ws);
        block_info->processed = 1;
        DBG((dbg, DBG_WSETS, "End workset for %+F:\n", block));
        workset_foreach(block_info->ws_end, irn, iter)
                DBG((dbg, DBG_WSETS, "  %+F (%u)\n", irn, workset_get_time(block_info->ws_end, iter)));
}

/**
 * 'decide' is block-local and makes assumptions
 * about the set of live-ins. Thus we must adapt the
 * live-outs to the live-ins at each block-border.
 */
static void fix_block_borders(ir_node *block, void *data) {
        belady_env_t *env = data;
        workset_t *wsb;
        ir_graph *irg = get_irn_irg(block);
        ir_node *startblock = get_irg_start_block(irg);
        int i, max, iter, iter2;

        if(block == startblock)
            return;

        DBG((dbg, DBG_FIX, "\n"));
        DBG((dbg, DBG_FIX, "Fixing %+F\n", block));

        wsb = get_block_info(block)->ws_start;

        /* process all pred blocks */
        for (i=0, max=get_irn_arity(block); i<max; ++i) {
                ir_node *irnb, *irnp, *pred = get_Block_cfgpred_block(block, i);
                workset_t *wsp = get_block_info(pred)->ws_end;

                DBG((dbg, DBG_FIX, "  Pred %+F\n", pred));

                workset_foreach(wsb, irnb, iter) {
                        /* if irnb is a phi of the current block we reload
                         * the corresponding argument, else irnb itself */
                        if(is_Phi(irnb) && block == get_nodes_block(irnb)) {
                                irnb = get_irn_n(irnb, i);

                                // we might have unknowns as argument for the phi
                                if(!arch_irn_consider_in_reg_alloc(env->arch, env->cls, irnb))
                                        continue;
                        }

                        /* Unknowns are available everywhere */
                        if(get_irn_opcode(irnb) == iro_Unknown)
                                continue;

                        /* check if irnb is in a register at end of pred */
                        workset_foreach(wsp, irnp, iter2) {
                                if (irnb == irnp)
                                        goto next_value;
                        }

                        /* irnb is not in memory at the end of pred, so we have to reload it */
                        DBG((dbg, DBG_FIX, "    reload %+F\n", irnb));
                        DBG((dbg, DBG_SPILL, "Reload %+F before %+F,%d\n", irnb, block, i));
                        be_add_reload_on_edge(env->senv, irnb, block, i, env->cls, 1);

next_value:
                        /*epsilon statement :)*/;
                }
        }
}

void be_spill_belady(be_irg_t *birg, const arch_register_class_t *cls) {
        be_spill_belady_spill_env(birg, cls, NULL);
}

void be_spill_belady_spill_env(be_irg_t *birg, const arch_register_class_t *cls, spill_env_t *spill_env) {
        belady_env_t env;
        ir_graph *irg = be_get_birg_irg(birg);

        FIRM_DBG_REGISTER(dbg, "firm.be.spill.belady");
        //firm_dbg_set_mask(dbg, DBG_SPILL);

        be_assure_liveness(birg);
        /* construct control flow loop tree */
        if(! (get_irg_loopinfo_state(irg) & loopinfo_cf_consistent)) {
                construct_cf_backedges(irg);
        }

        /* init belady env */
        obstack_init(&env.ob);
        env.arch      = birg->main_env->arch_env;
        env.cls       = cls;
        env.lv        = be_get_birg_liveness(birg);
        env.n_regs    = env.cls->n_regs - be_put_ignore_regs(birg, cls, NULL);
        env.ws        = new_workset(&env, &env.ob);
        env.uses      = be_begin_uses(irg, env.lv);
        if(spill_env == NULL) {
                env.senv = be_new_spill_env(birg);
        } else {
                env.senv = spill_env;
        }
        DEBUG_ONLY(be_set_spill_env_dbg_module(env.senv, dbg);)

        be_clear_links(irg);
        /* Decide which phi nodes will be spilled and place copies for them into the graph */
        irg_block_walk_graph(irg, compute_live_ins, NULL, &env);
        /* Fix high register pressure with belady algorithm */
        irg_block_walk_graph(irg, NULL, belady, &env);
        /* belady was block-local, fix the global flow by adding reloads on the edges */
        irg_block_walk_graph(irg, fix_block_borders, NULL, &env);
        /* Insert spill/reload nodes into the graph and fix usages */
        be_insert_spills_reloads(env.senv);

        /* clean up */
        if(spill_env == NULL)
                be_delete_spill_env(env.senv);
        be_end_uses(env.uses);
        obstack_free(&env.ob, NULL);
}

void be_init_spillbelady(void)
{
        static be_spiller_t belady_spiller = {
                be_spill_belady
        };

        be_register_spiller("belady", &belady_spiller);
}

BE_REGISTER_MODULE_CONSTRUCTOR(be_init_spillbelady);