[libfirm] / include / libfirm / irgraph.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 1995-2008 University of Karlsruhe.  All right reserved.
 *
 * This file is part of libFirm.
 *
 * This file may be distributed and/or modified under the terms of the
 * GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the
 * packaging of this file.
 *
 * Licensees holding valid libFirm Professional Edition licenses may use
 * this file in accordance with the libFirm Commercial License.
 * Agreement provided with the Software.
 *
 * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * @brief    Entry point to the representation of procedure code.
 * @author   Martin Trapp, Christian Schaefer, Goetz Lindenmaier
 */
#ifndef FIRM_IR_IRGRAPH_H
#define FIRM_IR_IRGRAPH_H

#include <stddef.h>

#include "firm_types.h"
#include "begin.h"

/**
 * @defgroup ir_graph  Procedure Graph
 *
 * This struct contains all information about a procedure.
 * It's allocated directly to memory.
 *
 * The fields of ir_graph:
 *
 * - ent             The entity describing this procedure.
 *
 * The beginning and end of a graph:
 *
 * - start_block     This ir_node is the block that contains the unique
 *                   start node of the procedure.  With it it contains
 *                   the Proj's on starts results.
 *                   Further all Const nodes are placed in the start block.
 * - start           This ir_node is the unique start node of the procedure.
 *
 * - end_block       This ir_node is the block that contains the unique
 *                   end node of the procedure.  This block contains no
 *                   further nodes.
 * - end             This ir_node is the unique end node of the procedure.
 *
 * The following nodes are Projs from the Start node, held in ir_graph for
 * simple access:
 *
 * - frame           The ir_node producing the pointer to the stack frame of
 *                   the procedure as output.  This is the Proj node on the
 *                   third output of the start node.  This output of the start
 *                   node is tagged as pns_frame_base.  In FIRM most local
 *                   variables are modeled as data flow edges.  Static
 *                   allocated arrays can not be represented as data flow
 *                   edges. Therefore FIRM has to represent them in the stack
 *                   frame.
 *
 * - globals         This models a pointer to a space in the memory where
 *                   _all_ global things are held.  Select from this pointer
 *                   with a Sel node the pointer to a global variable /
 *                   procedure / compiler known function... .
 *
 * - tls             This models a pointer to a space in the memory where
 *                   thread local things are held.  Select from this pointer
 *                   with a Sel node the pointer to a thread local variable.
 *
 * - args            The ir_node that produces the arguments of the method as
 *                   its result.  This is a Proj node on the fourth output of
 *                   the start node.  This output is tagged as pn_Start_T_args.
 *
 * - proj_args       The proj nodes of the args node.
 *
 * - no_mem          The NoMem node is an auxiliary node. It is needed only once,
 *                   so there is this globally reachable node.
 *
 * Data structures that are private to a graph:
 *
 * - obst            An obstack that contains all nodes.
 *
 * - current_block   A pointer to the current block.  Any node created with
 *                   one of the node constructors (new_<opcode>) are assigned
 *                   to this block.  It can be set with set_cur_block(block).
 *                   Only needed for ir construction.
 *
 * - params/n_loc    An int giving the number of local variables in this
 *                  procedure.  This is needed for ir construction. Name will
 *                   be changed.
 *
 * - value_table     This hash table (pset) is used for global value numbering
 *                   for optimizing use in iropt.c.
 *
 * - Phi_in_stack;   a stack needed for automatic Phi construction, needed only
 *                   during ir construction.
 *
 * - visited         A int used as flag to traverse the ir_graph.
 *
 * - block_visited    A int used as a flag to traverse block nodes in the graph.
 *
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Create a new ir graph to build ir for a procedure.
 *
 * @param ent    A pointer to an entity representing the procedure,
 *               i.e., the type of the entity must be of a method type.
 *
 * @param n_loc  The number of local variables in this procedure including
 *               the procedure parameters.
 *
 * This constructor generates the basic infrastructure needed to
 * represent a procedure in FIRM.
 *
 * It allocates an ir_graph and sets the field irg of the entity ent
 * to point to this graph. Further it allocates the following nodes needed
 * for every procedure:
 *
 * - The start block containing a start node and Proj nodes for its
 *   seven results (X, M, P, P, P, T, P).
 * - The end block containing an end node. This block is not matured
 *   after executing new_ir_graph() as predecessors need to be added to it.
 *   (Maturing a block means fixing its number of predecessors.)
 * - The current block, which is empty and matured.
 *
 * Further it enters the global store into the data structure of the start
 * block that contains all valid values in this block (set_store()).  This
 * data structure is used to build the Phi nodes and removed after
 * completion of the graph.  There is no path from end to start in the
 * graph after calling ir_graph.
 *
 * The op_pin_state of the graph is set to "op_pin_state_pinned"
 * if no global cse was performed on the graph.
 * It is set to "op_pin_state_floats" if global cse was performed
 * (and during construction: did actually change something).
 * Code placement is necessary.
 *
 * @see new_pseudo_ir_graph()
 */
FIRM_API ir_graph *new_ir_graph(ir_entity *ent, int n_loc);

/** Frees the passed irgraph.
 * Deallocates all nodes in this graph and the ir_graph structure.
 * Sets the field irgraph in the corresponding entity to NULL.
 * Does not remove the irgraph from the list in irprog (requires
 * inefficient search, call remove_irp_irg by hand).
 * Does not free types, entities or modes that are used only by this
 * graph, nor the entity standing for this graph.
 */
FIRM_API void free_ir_graph(ir_graph *irg);

/**
 *   Checks whether a pointer points to a ir graph.
 *
 *   @param thing     an arbitrary pointer
 *
 *   @return
 *       true if the thing is a IR graph, else false
 */
FIRM_API int is_ir_graph(const void *thing);

/** Returns the entity of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_entity *get_irg_entity(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the entity of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_entity(ir_graph *irg, ir_entity *ent);

/** Returns the frame type of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_type *get_irg_frame_type(ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the frame type of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_frame_type(ir_graph *irg, ir_type *ftp);

/** Returns the start block of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_start_block(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the start block of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_start_block(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the Start node of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_start(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the Start node of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_start(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the end block of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_end_block(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the end block of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_end_block(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the End node of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_end(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the End node of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_end(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the node that represents the initial control flow of the given
 * IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_initial_exec(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the node that represents the initial control of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_initial_exec(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the node that represents the frame pointer of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_frame(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the node that represents the frame pointer of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_frame(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the node that represents the initial memory of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_initial_mem(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the node that represents the initial memory of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_initial_mem(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the node that represents the argument pointer of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_args(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the node that represents the argument pointer of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_args(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the NoMem node of the given IR graph. */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_irg_no_mem(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets the NoMem node of graph @p irg. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_no_mem(ir_graph *irg, ir_node *node);

/** Returns the number of value numbers of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API int get_irg_n_locs(ir_graph *irg);

/** Returns the graph number. */
FIRM_API long get_irg_graph_nr(const ir_graph *irg);

/**
 * Returns the graph number. This is a unique number for the graph and is
 * smaller than get_irp_last_idx()
 * Note: you cannot use this number for get_irp_irg()
 */
FIRM_API size_t get_irg_idx(const ir_graph *irg);

/**
 * Returns the node for an index.
 * @param irg The graph.
 * @param idx The index you want the node for.
 * @return    The node with that index or NULL, if there is no node with that
 *            index.
 * @note      The node you got might be dead.
 * @see get_irn_idx()
 */
FIRM_API ir_node *get_idx_irn(const ir_graph *irg, unsigned idx);

/** state: op_pin_state_pinned
   The graph is "op_pin_state_pinned" if all nodes are associated with a basic block.
   It is in state "op_pin_state_floats" if nodes are in arbitrary blocks.  In state
   "op_pin_state_floats" the block predecessor is set in all nodes, but this can be an
   invalid block, i.e., the block is not a dominator of all the uses of
   the node.
   The enum op_pin_state is defined in irop.h. */
FIRM_API op_pin_state get_irg_pinned(const ir_graph *irg);

/** state: callee_information_state
 *  Call nodes contain a list of possible callees.  This list must be
 *  computed by an analysis.
 *
 *  It's strange that this state is administered on irg basis, as the
 *  information must be computed for the whole program, or not?
 */
typedef enum {
        irg_callee_info_none,
        irg_callee_info_consistent,
        irg_callee_info_inconsistent
} irg_callee_info_state;

/** Returns the callee_info_state of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API irg_callee_info_state get_irg_callee_info_state(const ir_graph *irg);

/** Sets the callee_info_state of an IR graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_callee_info_state(ir_graph *irg, irg_callee_info_state s);

/** A void * field to link arbitrary information to the node. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_link(ir_graph *irg, void *thing);
/** Return void* field previously set by set_irg_link() */
FIRM_API void *get_irg_link(const ir_graph *irg);

/** Increments node visited counter by one.
 *  @see @ref visited_counters, irn_visited(), mark_irn_visited() */
FIRM_API void inc_irg_visited(ir_graph *irg);
/** Returns node visited counter.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API ir_visited_t get_irg_visited(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets node visited counter.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API void set_irg_visited(ir_graph *irg, ir_visited_t i);
/** Returns interprocedural node visited counter.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API ir_visited_t get_max_irg_visited(void);
/** Sets interprocedural node visited counter.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API void set_max_irg_visited(int val);
/** Increment interprocedural node visited counter by one.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API ir_visited_t inc_max_irg_visited(void);

/** Increments block visited counter by one.
 *  @see @ref visited_counters, Block_block_visited(), mark_Block_block_visited() */
FIRM_API void inc_irg_block_visited(ir_graph *irg);
/** Returns block visited counter.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API ir_visited_t get_irg_block_visited(const ir_graph *irg);
/** Sets block visited counter.
 * @see @ref visited_counters */
FIRM_API void set_irg_block_visited(ir_graph *irg, ir_visited_t i);

/**
 * Debug helpers: You can indicate whether you are currently using visited or
 * block_visited flags. If NDEBUG is not defined, then the compiler will abort
 * if 2 parties try to use the flags.
 */
typedef enum ir_resources_t {
        IR_RESOURCE_NONE          = 0,       /**< no resource */
        IR_RESOURCE_BLOCK_VISITED = 1 << 0,  /**< Block visited flags are used. */
        IR_RESOURCE_BLOCK_MARK    = 1 << 1,  /**< Block mark bits are used. */
        IR_RESOURCE_IRN_VISITED   = 1 << 2,  /**< IR-node visited flags are used. */
        IR_RESOURCE_IRN_LINK      = 1 << 3,  /**< IR-node link fields are used. */
        IR_RESOURCE_LOOP_LINK     = 1 << 4,  /**< IR-loop link fields are used. */
        IR_RESOURCE_PHI_LIST      = 1 << 5   /**< Block Phi lists are used. */
} ir_resources_t;
ENUM_BITSET(ir_resources_t)

#ifndef NDEBUG
/**
 * Reserves resources of a graph.
 *
 * This is a debug tool: All code should properly allocate the resources it uses
 * so if two interlocked algorithms use the same resources that bug will get
 * detected.
 */
FIRM_API void ir_reserve_resources(ir_graph *irg, ir_resources_t resources);
/** Frees previously reserved resources. */
FIRM_API void ir_free_resources(ir_graph *irg, ir_resources_t resources);
/** Returns currently reserved resources. */
FIRM_API ir_resources_t ir_resources_reserved(const ir_graph *irg);
#else
#define ir_reserve_resources(irg,resources)  (void)0
#define ir_free_resources(irg,resources)     (void)0
#define ir_resources_reserved(irg)           0
#endif

/**
 * graph constraints:
 * These are typically used when lowering a graph for a target machine,
 * typically you get stricter constraints the closer you get to a real
 * machine.
 */
typedef enum ir_graph_constraints_t {
        /**
         * Should not construct more nodes which irarch potentially breaks down
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_ARCH_DEP                  = 1U << 0,
        /**
         * mode_b nodes have been lowered so you should not create any new nodes
         * with mode_b (except for Cmp)
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_MODEB_LOWERED             = 1U << 1,
        /**
         * There are normalisations where there is no "best" representative.
         * In this case we first normalise into 1 direction (!NORMALISATION2) and
         * later in the other (NORMALISATION2).
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_NORMALISATION2            = 1U << 2,
        /**
         * Allows localopts to remove edges to unreachable code.
         * Warning: It is only safe to enable this when you are sure that you
         * apply all localopts to the fixpunkt. (=in optimize_graph_df)
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_OPTIMIZE_UNREACHABLE_CODE = 1U << 3,
        /**
         * The graph is being constructed: We have a current_block set,
         * and blocks contain mapping of variable numbers to current
         * values.
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_CONSTRUCTION              = 1U << 4,
        /**
         * Intermediate language constructs not supported by the backend have
         * been lowered.
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_TARGET_LOWERED            = 1U << 5,
        /**
         * We have a backend graph: all data values have register constraints
         * annotated.
         */
        IR_GRAPH_CONSTRAINT_BACKEND                   = 1U << 6,
} ir_graph_constraints_t;
ENUM_BITSET(ir_graph_constraints_t)

/** sets @p constraints on the graph @p irg */
FIRM_API void add_irg_constraints(ir_graph *irg,
                                  ir_graph_constraints_t constraints);
/** clears some graph constraints */
FIRM_API void clear_irg_constraints(ir_graph *irg,
                                    ir_graph_constraints_t constraints);
/** queries whether @p irg is at least as constrained as @p constraints. */
FIRM_API int irg_is_constrained(const ir_graph *irg,
                                ir_graph_constraints_t constraints);

/**
 * graph state. They properties about a graph.
 * Graph transformations may destroy these properties and have to explicitely
 * state when they did not affect some properties and want to keep them.
 */
typedef enum ir_graph_properties_t {
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTIES_NONE                         = 0,
        /** graph contains no critical edges */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_CRITICAL_EDGES              = 1U << 0,
        /** graph contains no Bad nodes */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_BADS                        = 1U << 1,
        /** No tuple nodes exist in the graph */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_TUPLES                      = 1U << 2,
        /**
         * there exists no (obviously) unreachable code in the graph.
         * Unreachable in this context is code that you can't reach by following
         * execution flow from the start block.
         */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_UNREACHABLE_CODE            = 1U << 3,
        /** graph contains at most one return */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_ONE_RETURN                     = 1U << 4,
        /** dominance information about the graph is valid */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_DOMINANCE           = 1U << 5,
        /** postdominance information about the graph is valid */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_POSTDOMINANCE       = 1U << 6,
        /** dominance frontiers information is calculated */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_DOMINANCE_FRONTIERS = 1U << 7,
        /**
         * out edges (=iredges) are enable and there is no dead code that can be
         * reached by following them
         */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_OUT_EDGES           = 1U << 8,
        /** outs (irouts) are computed and up to date */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_OUTS                = 1U << 9,
        /** loopinfo is computed and up to date */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_LOOPINFO            = 1U << 10,
        /** entity usage information is computed and up to date */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_ENTITY_USAGE        = 1U << 11,
        /** graph contains as many returns as possible */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_MANY_RETURNS                   = 1U << 12,

        /**
         * List of all graph properties that are only affected by control flow
         * changes.
         */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTIES_CONTROL_FLOW =
                  IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_CRITICAL_EDGES
                | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_ONE_RETURN
                | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_UNREACHABLE_CODE
                | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_LOOPINFO
                | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_DOMINANCE
                | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_POSTDOMINANCE
                | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_DOMINANCE_FRONTIERS,

        /**
         * List of all graph properties.
         */
        IR_GRAPH_PROPERTIES_ALL =
                  IR_GRAPH_PROPERTIES_CONTROL_FLOW
            | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_BADS
            | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_NO_TUPLES
            | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_OUT_EDGES
            | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_OUTS
            | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_CONSISTENT_ENTITY_USAGE
            | IR_GRAPH_PROPERTY_MANY_RETURNS,

} ir_graph_properties_t;
ENUM_BITSET(ir_graph_properties_t)

/** sets some state properties on the graph */
FIRM_API void add_irg_properties(ir_graph *irg, ir_graph_properties_t props);
/** clears some graph properties */
FIRM_API void clear_irg_properties(ir_graph *irg, ir_graph_properties_t props);
/** queries whether @p irg has the @p props properties set */
FIRM_API int irg_has_properties(const ir_graph *irg,
                                ir_graph_properties_t props);

/** Sets a description for local value n. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_loc_description(ir_graph *irg, int n, void *description);

/** Returns the description for local value n. */
FIRM_API void *get_irg_loc_description(ir_graph *irg, int n);

/** Returns the last irn index for this graph. */
FIRM_API unsigned get_irg_last_idx(const ir_graph *irg);

/** Returns the floating point model of this graph. */
FIRM_API unsigned get_irg_fp_model(const ir_graph *irg);

/** Sets a floating point model for this graph. */
FIRM_API void set_irg_fp_model(ir_graph *irg, unsigned model);

/**
 * Ensures that a graph fulfills all properties stated in @p state.
 * Performs graph transformations if necessary.
 */
FIRM_API void assure_irg_properties(ir_graph *irg, ir_graph_properties_t props);

/**
 * Invalidates all graph properties/analysis data except the ones specified
 * in @p props.
 * This should be called after a transformation phase.
 */
FIRM_API void confirm_irg_properties(ir_graph *irg, ir_graph_properties_t props);

/** @} */

#include "end.h"

#endif