[cparser] / ast2firm.c

/*
 * This file is part of cparser.
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 * 02111-1307, USA.
 */
#include <config.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#include <libfirm/firm.h>
#include <libfirm/adt/obst.h>
#include <libfirm/be.h>

#include "ast2firm.h"

#include "adt/error.h"
#include "adt/array.h"
#include "symbol_t.h"
#include "token_t.h"
#include "type_t.h"
#include "ast_t.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "diagnostic.h"
#include "lang_features.h"
#include "types.h"
#include "warning.h"
#include "entitymap_t.h"
#include "driver/firm_opt.h"
#include "driver/firm_cmdline.h"

#define MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER     (long) -314159265

/* some idents needed for name mangling */
static ident *id_underscore;
static ident *id_imp;

static ir_type *ir_type_const_char;
static ir_type *ir_type_wchar_t;
static ir_type *ir_type_void;
static ir_type *ir_type_int;

static type_t *type_const_char;

static int       next_value_number_function;
static ir_node  *continue_label;
static ir_node  *break_label;
static ir_node  *current_switch_cond;
static bool      saw_default_label;
static ir_node **imature_blocks;
static bool constant_folding;

static const declaration_t *current_function_decl;
static ir_node             *current_function_name;
static ir_node             *current_funcsig;

static entitymap_t  entitymap;

static struct obstack asm_obst;

typedef enum declaration_kind_t {
        DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN,
        DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION,
        DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY,
        DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE,
        DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE,
        DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY,
        DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER,
        DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK,
        DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY,
        DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE,
        DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE,
        DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE
} declaration_kind_t;

static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type);
static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type);
static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt);

ir_node *uninitialized_local_var(ir_graph *irg, ir_mode *mode, int pos)
{
        const declaration_t *declaration = get_irg_loc_description(irg, pos);

        warningf(&declaration->source_position,
                 "variable '%#T' might be used uninitialized",
                 declaration->type, declaration->symbol);
        return new_r_Unknown(irg, mode);
}

unsigned dbg_snprint(char *buf, unsigned len, const dbg_info *dbg)
{
        const source_position_t *pos = (const source_position_t*) dbg;
        if (pos == NULL)
                return 0;
        return (unsigned) snprintf(buf, len, "%s:%u", pos->input_name,
                                   pos->linenr);
}

const char *dbg_retrieve(const dbg_info *dbg, unsigned *line)
{
        const source_position_t *pos = (const source_position_t*) dbg;
        if (pos == NULL)
                return NULL;
        if (line != NULL)
                *line = pos->linenr;
        return pos->input_name;
}

static dbg_info *get_dbg_info(const source_position_t *pos)
{
        return (dbg_info*) pos;
}

static ir_mode *_atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST+1];

static ir_mode *mode_int, *mode_uint;

static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression);
static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type);
static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration);

static ir_mode *init_atomic_ir_mode(atomic_type_kind_t kind)
{
        unsigned flags = get_atomic_type_flags(kind);
        unsigned size  = get_atomic_type_size(kind);
        if ( (flags & (ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER | ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT))
                        && !(flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_COMPLEX)) {
                char            name[64];
                ir_mode_sort    sort;
                unsigned        bit_size     = size * 8;
                bool            is_signed    = (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_SIGNED) != 0;
                ir_mode_arithmetic arithmetic;
                unsigned        modulo_shift;

                if (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) {
                        assert(! (flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT));
                        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "i%s%d", is_signed?"":"u", bit_size);
                        sort         = irms_int_number;
                        arithmetic   = irma_twos_complement;
                        modulo_shift = bit_size < machine_size ? machine_size : bit_size;
                } else {
                        assert(flags & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_FLOAT);
                        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "f%d", bit_size);
                        sort         = irms_float_number;
                        arithmetic   = irma_ieee754;
                        modulo_shift = 0;
                }
                return new_ir_mode(name, sort, bit_size, is_signed, arithmetic,
                                   modulo_shift);
        }

        return NULL;
}

/**
 * Initialises the atomic modes depending on the machine size.
 */
static void init_atomic_modes(void)
{
        for(int i = 0; i <= ATOMIC_TYPE_LAST; ++i) {
                _atomic_modes[i] = init_atomic_ir_mode((atomic_type_kind_t) i);
        }
        mode_int  = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_INT];
        mode_uint = _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT];

        /* there's no real void type in firm */
        _atomic_modes[ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID] = mode_int;

        /* initialize pointer modes */
        char            name[64];
        ir_mode_sort    sort         = irms_reference;
        unsigned        bit_size     = machine_size;
        bool            is_signed    = 0;
        ir_mode_arithmetic arithmetic   = irma_twos_complement;
        unsigned        modulo_shift
                = bit_size < machine_size ? machine_size : bit_size;

        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "p%d", machine_size);
        ir_mode *ptr_mode = new_ir_mode(name, sort, bit_size, is_signed, arithmetic,
                                        modulo_shift);

        set_reference_mode_signed_eq(ptr_mode, _atomic_modes[get_intptr_kind()]);
        set_reference_mode_unsigned_eq(ptr_mode, _atomic_modes[get_uintptr_kind()]);

        /* Hmm, pointers should be machine size */
        set_modeP_data(ptr_mode);
        set_modeP_code(ptr_mode);
}

static unsigned get_compound_type_size(compound_type_t *type)
{
        ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type((type_t*) type);
        return get_type_size_bytes(irtype);
}

static unsigned get_array_type_size(array_type_t *type)
{
        assert(!type->is_vla);
        ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type((type_t*) type);
        return get_type_size_bytes(irtype);
}


static unsigned get_type_size_const(type_t *type)
{
        type = skip_typeref(type);

        switch(type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
                panic("error type occurred");
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
                return get_atomic_type_size(type->atomic.akind);
        case TYPE_COMPLEX:
                return 2 * get_atomic_type_size(type->complex.akind);
        case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
                return get_atomic_type_size(type->imaginary.akind);
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_int);
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
                return get_compound_type_size(&type->compound);
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
                /* just a pointer to the function */
                return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_P_code);
        case TYPE_POINTER:
                return get_mode_size_bytes(mode_P_data);
        case TYPE_ARRAY:
                return get_array_type_size(&type->array);
        case TYPE_BUILTIN:
                return get_type_size_const(type->builtin.real_type);
        case TYPE_BITFIELD:
                panic("type size of bitfield request");
        case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
        case TYPE_TYPEOF:
        case TYPE_INVALID:
                break;
        }
        panic("Trying to determine size of invalid type");
}

static ir_node *get_type_size(type_t *type)
{
        type = skip_typeref(type);

        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla) {
                ir_node *size_node = type->array.size_node;
                if (size_node == NULL) {
                        size_node = expression_to_firm(type->array.size_expression);
                        assert(!is_Const(size_node));
                        type->array.size_node = size_node;
                }

                ir_node *elem_size = get_type_size(type->array.element_type);
                ir_mode *mode      = get_irn_mode(size_node);
                ir_node *real_size = new_d_Mul(NULL, size_node, elem_size, mode);
                return real_size;
        }

        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type_size_t);
        symconst_symbol sym;
        sym.type_p = get_ir_type(type);
        return new_SymConst(mode, sym, symconst_type_size);
}

static unsigned count_parameters(const function_type_t *function_type)
{
        unsigned count = 0;

        function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
        for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
                ++count;
        }

        return count;
}

/**
 * Creates a Firm type for an atomic type
 */
static ir_type *create_atomic_type(const atomic_type_t *type)
{
        dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
        ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
        ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
        ir_type            *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);

        set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);

        return irtype;
}

/**
 * Creates a Firm type for a complex type
 */
static ir_type *create_complex_type(const complex_type_t *type)
{
        dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
        ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
        ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);

        (void) id;
        (void) dbgi;

        /* FIXME: finish the array */
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * Creates a Firm type for an imaginary type
 */
static ir_type *create_imaginary_type(const imaginary_type_t *type)
{
        dbg_info           *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        atomic_type_kind_t  kind      = type->akind;
        ir_mode            *mode      = _atomic_modes[kind];
        ident              *id        = get_mode_ident(mode);
        ir_type            *irtype    = new_d_type_primitive(id, mode, dbgi);

        set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, type->base.alignment);

        return irtype;
}

static ir_type *create_method_type(const function_type_t *function_type)
{
        type_t  *return_type  = function_type->return_type;

        ident   *id           = id_unique("functiontype.%u");
        int      n_parameters = count_parameters(function_type);
        int      n_results    = return_type == type_void ? 0 : 1;
        dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&function_type->base.source_position);
        ir_type *irtype       = new_d_type_method(id, n_parameters, n_results, dbgi);

        if (return_type != type_void) {
                ir_type *restype = get_ir_type(return_type);
                set_method_res_type(irtype, 0, restype);
        }

        function_parameter_t *parameter = function_type->parameters;
        int                   n         = 0;
        for ( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next) {
                ir_type *p_irtype = get_ir_type(parameter->type);
                set_method_param_type(irtype, n, p_irtype);
                ++n;
        }

        if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
                set_method_variadicity(irtype, variadicity_variadic);
        }

        return irtype;
}

static ir_type *create_pointer_type(pointer_type_t *type)
{
        type_t   *points_to    = type->points_to;
        ir_type  *ir_points_to = get_ir_type_incomplete(points_to);
        dbg_info *dbgi         = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        ir_type  *ir_type      = new_d_type_pointer(id_unique("pointer.%u"),
                                                    ir_points_to, mode_P_data, dbgi);

        return ir_type;
}

static ir_type *create_array_type(array_type_t *type)
{
        type_t  *element_type    = type->element_type;
        ir_type *ir_element_type = get_ir_type(element_type);

        ident    *id      = id_unique("array.%u");
        dbg_info *dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);
        ir_type  *ir_type = new_d_type_array(id, 1, ir_element_type, dbgi);

        const int align = get_type_alignment_bytes(ir_element_type);
        set_type_alignment_bytes(ir_type, align);

        if (type->size_constant) {
                int n_elements = type->size;

                set_array_bounds_int(ir_type, 0, 0, n_elements);

                size_t elemsize = get_type_size_bytes(ir_element_type);
                if (elemsize % align > 0) {
                        elemsize += align - (elemsize % align);
                }
                set_type_size_bytes(ir_type, n_elements * elemsize);
        } else {
                set_array_lower_bound_int(ir_type, 0, 0);
        }
        set_type_state(ir_type, layout_fixed);

        return ir_type;
}

/**
 * Return the signed integer type of size bits.
 *
 * @param size   the size
 */
static ir_type *get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
                                                 unsigned size)
{
        static ir_mode *s_modes[64 + 1] = {NULL, };
        ir_type *res;
        ir_mode *mode;

        if (size <= 0 || size > 64)
                return NULL;

        mode = s_modes[size];
        if (mode == NULL) {
                char name[32];

                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "bf_I%u", size);
                mode = new_ir_mode(name, irms_int_number, size, 1, irma_twos_complement,
                                   size <= 32 ? 32 : size );
                s_modes[size] = mode;
        }

        char name[32];
        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "I%u", size);
        ident *id = new_id_from_str(name);
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&builtin_source_position);
        res = new_d_type_primitive(mangle_u(get_type_ident(base_tp), id), mode, dbgi);
        set_primitive_base_type(res, base_tp);

        return res;
}

/**
 * Return the unsigned integer type of size bits.
 *
 * @param size   the size
 */
static ir_type *get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(ir_type *base_tp,
                                                   unsigned size)
{
        static ir_mode *u_modes[64 + 1] = {NULL, };
        ir_type *res;
        ir_mode *mode;

        if (size <= 0 || size > 64)
                return NULL;

        mode = u_modes[size];
        if (mode == NULL) {
                char name[32];

                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "bf_U%u", size);
                mode = new_ir_mode(name, irms_int_number, size, 0, irma_twos_complement,
                                   size <= 32 ? 32 : size );
                u_modes[size] = mode;
        }

        char name[32];

        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "U%u", size);
        ident *id = new_id_from_str(name);
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&builtin_source_position);
        res = new_d_type_primitive(mangle_u(get_type_ident(base_tp), id), mode, dbgi);
        set_primitive_base_type(res, base_tp);

        return res;
}

static ir_type *create_bitfield_type(bitfield_type_t *const type)
{
        type_t *base = skip_typeref(type->base_type);
        assert(base->kind == TYPE_ATOMIC || base->kind == TYPE_ENUM);
        ir_type *irbase = get_ir_type(base);

        unsigned size = fold_constant(type->size);

        assert(!is_type_float(base));
        if (is_type_signed(base)) {
                return get_signed_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size);
        } else {
                return get_unsigned_int_type_for_bit_size(irbase, size);
        }
}

#define INVALID_TYPE ((ir_type_ptr)-1)

enum {
        COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT = false,
        COMPOUND_IS_UNION  = true
};

/**
 * Construct firm type from ast struct type.
 *
 * As anonymous inner structs get flattened to a single firm type, we might get
 * irtype, outer_offset and out_align passed (they represent the position of
 * the anonymous inner struct inside the resulting firm struct)
 */
static ir_type *create_compound_type(compound_type_t *type, ir_type *irtype,
                                     size_t *outer_offset, size_t *outer_align,
                                     bool incomplete, bool is_union)
{
        declaration_t      *declaration = type->declaration;
        declaration_kind_t  kind        = (declaration_kind_t)declaration->declaration_kind;

        if (kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE
                        || (kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE
                                && incomplete))
                return declaration->v.irtype;

        size_t align_all  = 1;
        size_t offset     = 0;
        size_t bit_offset = 0;
        size_t size       = 0;

        if (irtype == NULL) {
                symbol_t *symbol = declaration->symbol;
                ident    *id;
                if (symbol != NULL) {
                        id = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                } else {
                        if (is_union) {
                                id = id_unique("__anonymous_union.%u");
                        } else {
                                id = id_unique("__anonymous_struct.%u");
                        }
                }
                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&type->base.source_position);

                if (is_union) {
                        irtype = new_d_type_union(id, dbgi);
                } else {
                        irtype = new_d_type_struct(id, dbgi);
                }

                declaration->declaration_kind
                        = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE;
                declaration->v.irtype         = irtype;
                //type->base.firm_type          = irtype;
        } else {
                offset    = *outer_offset;
                align_all = *outer_align;
        }

        if (incomplete)
                return irtype;

        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE;

        declaration_t *entry = declaration->scope.declarations;
        for( ; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next) {
                if (entry->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;

                size_t prev_offset = offset;

                symbol_t *symbol     = entry->symbol;
                type_t   *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
                dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&entry->source_position);

                ident    *ident;
                if (symbol != NULL) {
                        ident = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);
                } else {
                        if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT) {
                                create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
                                                     &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
                                goto finished_member;
                        } else if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION) {
                                create_compound_type(&entry_type->compound, irtype, &offset,
                                                     &align_all, false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
                                goto finished_member;
                        } else {
                                assert(entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD);
                        }
                        ident = id_unique("anon.%u");
                }

                ir_type *base_irtype;
                if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
                        base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type->bitfield.base_type);
                } else {
                        base_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
                }

                size_t entry_alignment = get_type_alignment_bytes(base_irtype);
                size_t misalign        = offset % entry_alignment;

                ir_type   *entry_irtype = get_ir_type(entry_type);
                ir_entity *entity = new_d_entity(irtype, ident, entry_irtype, dbgi);

                size_t base;
                size_t bits_remainder;
                if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
                        size_t size_bits      = fold_constant(entry_type->bitfield.size);
                        size_t rest_size_bits = (entry_alignment - misalign)*8 - bit_offset;

                        if (size_bits > rest_size_bits) {
                                /* start a new bucket */
                                offset     += entry_alignment - misalign;
                                bit_offset  = 0;

                                base           = offset;
                                bits_remainder = 0;
                        } else {
                                /* put into current bucket */
                                base           = offset - misalign;
                                bits_remainder = misalign * 8 + bit_offset;
                        }

                        offset     += size_bits / 8;
                        bit_offset  = bit_offset + (size_bits % 8);
                } else {
                        size_t entry_size = get_type_size_bytes(base_irtype);
                        if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0)
                                offset += entry_alignment - misalign;

                        base           = offset;
                        bits_remainder = 0;
                        offset        += entry_size;
                        bit_offset     = 0;
                }

                if (entry_alignment > align_all) {
                        if (entry_alignment % align_all != 0) {
                                panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
                        }
                        align_all = entry_alignment;
                }

                set_entity_offset(entity, base);
                set_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity,
                                                 (unsigned char) bits_remainder);
                //add_struct_member(irtype, entity);
                entry->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER;
                assert(entry->v.entity == NULL);
                entry->v.entity         = entity;

finished_member:
                if (is_union) {
                        size_t entry_size = offset - prev_offset;
                        if (entry_size > size) {
                                size = entry_size;
                        }
                        offset     = 0;
                        bit_offset = 0;
                }
        }

        if (!is_union) {
                size = offset;
        }

        size_t misalign = offset % align_all;
        if (misalign > 0 || bit_offset > 0) {
                size += align_all - misalign;
        }

        if (outer_offset != NULL) {
                if (!is_union) {
                        *outer_offset = offset;
                } else {
                        *outer_offset += size;
                }

                if (align_all > *outer_align) {
                        if (align_all % *outer_align != 0) {
                                panic("uneven alignments not supported yet");
                        }
                        *outer_align = align_all;
                }
        } else {
                set_type_alignment_bytes(irtype, align_all);
                set_type_size_bytes(irtype, size);
                set_type_state(irtype, layout_fixed);
        }

        return irtype;
}

static ir_type *create_enum_type(enum_type_t *const type)
{
        type->base.firm_type = ir_type_int;

        ir_mode *const mode    = mode_int;
        tarval  *const one     = get_mode_one(mode);
        tarval  *      tv_next = get_tarval_null(mode);

        bool constant_folding_old = constant_folding;
        constant_folding = true;

        declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration->next;
        for (; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                if (declaration->storage_class != STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY)
                        break;

                declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY;

                expression_t *const init = declaration->init.enum_value;
                if (init != NULL) {
                        ir_node *const cnst = expression_to_firm(init);
                        if (!is_Const(cnst)) {
                                panic("couldn't fold constant");
                        }
                        tv_next = get_Const_tarval(cnst);
                }
                declaration->v.enum_val = tv_next;
                tv_next = tarval_add(tv_next, one);
        }

        constant_folding = constant_folding_old;

        return ir_type_int;
}

static ir_type *get_ir_type_incomplete(type_t *type)
{
        assert(type != NULL);
        type = skip_typeref(type);

        if (type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
                assert(type->base.firm_type != INVALID_TYPE);
                return type->base.firm_type;
        }

        switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
                return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                            true, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
                return create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                            true, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
        default:
                return get_ir_type(type);
        }
}

static ir_type *get_ir_type(type_t *type)
{
        assert(type != NULL);

        type = skip_typeref(type);

        if (type->base.firm_type != NULL) {
                assert(type->base.firm_type != INVALID_TYPE);
                return type->base.firm_type;
        }

        ir_type *firm_type = NULL;
        switch (type->kind) {
        case TYPE_ERROR:
                panic("error type occurred");
        case TYPE_ATOMIC:
                firm_type = create_atomic_type(&type->atomic);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPLEX:
                firm_type = create_complex_type(&type->complex);
                break;
        case TYPE_IMAGINARY:
                firm_type = create_imaginary_type(&type->imaginary);
                break;
        case TYPE_FUNCTION:
                firm_type = create_method_type(&type->function);
                break;
        case TYPE_POINTER:
                firm_type = create_pointer_type(&type->pointer);
                break;
        case TYPE_ARRAY:
                firm_type = create_array_type(&type->array);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT:
                firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                                 false, COMPOUND_IS_STRUCT);
                break;
        case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:
                firm_type = create_compound_type(&type->compound, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                                 false, COMPOUND_IS_UNION);
                break;
        case TYPE_ENUM:
                firm_type = create_enum_type(&type->enumt);
                break;
        case TYPE_BUILTIN:
                firm_type = get_ir_type(type->builtin.real_type);
                break;
        case TYPE_BITFIELD:
                firm_type = create_bitfield_type(&type->bitfield);
                break;

        case TYPE_TYPEOF:
        case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
        case TYPE_INVALID:
                break;
        }
        if (firm_type == NULL)
                panic("unknown type found");

        type->base.firm_type = firm_type;
        return firm_type;
}

static inline ir_mode *get_ir_mode(type_t *type)
{
        ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(type);

        /* firm doesn't report a mode for arrays somehow... */
        if (is_Array_type(irtype)) {
                return mode_P_data;
        }

        ir_mode *mode = get_type_mode(irtype);
        assert(mode != NULL);
        return mode;
}

/** Names of the runtime functions. */
static const struct {
        int        id;           /**< the rts id */
        int        n_res;        /**< number of return values */
        const char *name;        /**< the name of the rts function */
        int        n_params;     /**< number of parameters */
        unsigned   flags;        /**< language flags */
} rts_data[] = {
        { rts_debugbreak, 0, "__debugbreak", 0, _MS },
        { rts_abort,      0, "abort",        0, _C89 },
        { rts_alloca,     1, "alloca",       1, _ALL },
        { rts_abs,        1, "abs",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_labs,       1, "labs",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_llabs,      1, "llabs",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_imaxabs,    1, "imaxabs",      1, _C99 },

        { rts_fabs,       1, "fabs",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_sqrt,       1, "sqrt",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_cbrt,       1, "cbrt",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_exp,        1, "exp",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_exp2,       1, "exp2",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_exp10,      1, "exp10",        1, _GNUC },
        { rts_log,        1, "log",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_log2,       1, "log2",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_log10,      1, "log10",        1, _C89 },
        { rts_pow,        1, "pow",          2, _C89 },
        { rts_sin,        1, "sin",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_cos,        1, "cos",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_tan,        1, "tan",          1, _C89 },
        { rts_asin,       1, "asin",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_acos,       1, "acos",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_atan,       1, "atan",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_sinh,       1, "sinh",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_cosh,       1, "cosh",         1, _C89 },
        { rts_tanh,       1, "tanh",         1, _C89 },

        { rts_fabsf,      1, "fabsf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_sqrtf,      1, "sqrtf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_cbrtf,      1, "cbrtf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_expf,       1, "expf",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_exp2f,      1, "exp2f",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_exp10f,     1, "exp10f",       1, _GNUC },
        { rts_logf,       1, "logf",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_log2f,      1, "log2f",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_log10f,     1, "log10f",       1, _C99 },
        { rts_powf,       1, "powf",         2, _C99 },
        { rts_sinf,       1, "sinf",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_cosf,       1, "cosf",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_tanf,       1, "tanf",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_asinf,      1, "asinf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_acosf,      1, "acosf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_atanf,      1, "atanf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_sinhf,      1, "sinhf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_coshf,      1, "coshf",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_tanhf,      1, "tanhf",        1, _C99 },

        { rts_fabsl,      1, "fabsl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_sqrtl,      1, "sqrtl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_cbrtl,      1, "cbrtl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_expl,       1, "expl",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_exp2l,      1, "exp2l",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_exp10l,     1, "exp10l",       1, _GNUC },
        { rts_logl,       1, "logl",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_log2l,      1, "log2l",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_log10l,     1, "log10l",       1, _C99 },
        { rts_powl,       1, "powl",         2, _C99 },
        { rts_sinl,       1, "sinl",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_cosl,       1, "cosl",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_tanl,       1, "tanl",         1, _C99 },
        { rts_asinl,      1, "asinl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_acosl,      1, "acosl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_atanl,      1, "atanl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_sinhl,      1, "sinhl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_coshl,      1, "coshl",        1, _C99 },
        { rts_tanhl,      1, "tanhl",        1, _C99 },

        { rts_memcpy,     1, "memcpy",       3, _C89 },  /* HMM, man say its C99 */
        { rts_memset,     1, "memset",       3, _C89 },  /* HMM, man say its C99 */
        { rts_strcmp,     1, "strcmp",       2, _C89 },
        { rts_strncmp,    1, "strncmp",      3, _C89 }
};

static ident *rts_idents[sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0])];

/**
 * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for win32 usage.
 *
 * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
 * @param declaration  the declaration
 */
static ident *create_ld_ident_win32(ir_entity *ent, declaration_t *declaration)
{
        ident *id;

        if (is_Method_type(get_entity_type(ent)))
                id = decorate_win32_c_fkt(ent, get_entity_ident(ent));
        else {
                /* always add an underscore in win32 */
                id = mangle(id_underscore, get_entity_ident(ent));
        }

        decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
                /* add prefix for imported symbols */
                id = mangle(id_imp, id);
        }
        return id;
}

/**
 * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for Linux ELF usage.
 *
 * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
 * @param declaration  the declaration
 */
static ident *create_ld_ident_linux_elf(ir_entity *entity,
                                        declaration_t *declaration)
{
        (void) declaration;
        return get_entity_ident(entity);
}

/**
 * Mangles an entity linker (ld) name for Mach-O usage.
 *
 * @param ent          the entity to be mangled
 * @param declaration  the declaration
 */
static ident *create_ld_ident_macho(ir_entity *ent, declaration_t *declaration)
{
        (void) declaration;
        ident *id = mangle(id_underscore, get_entity_ident(ent));
        return id;
}

typedef ident* (*create_ld_ident_func)(ir_entity *entity,
                                       declaration_t *declaration);
create_ld_ident_func  create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_linux_elf;

/**
 * Creates an entity representing a function.
 *
 * @param declaration  the function declaration
 */
static ir_entity *get_function_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION)
                return declaration->v.entity;
        assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);

        symbol_t *symbol = declaration->symbol;
        ident    *id     = new_id_from_str(symbol->string);

        ir_type  *global_type    = get_glob_type();
        ir_type  *ir_type_method = get_ir_type(declaration->type);
        assert(is_Method_type(ir_type_method));

        /* already an entity defined? */
        ir_entity *entity = entitymap_get(&entitymap, symbol);
        if (entity != NULL) {
                if (get_entity_visibility(entity) == visibility_external_allocated
                                && declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
                        set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
                }
                goto entity_created;
        }

        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        entity               = new_d_entity(global_type, id, ir_type_method, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));

        /* static inline             => local
         * extern inline             => local
         * inline without definition => local
         * inline with definition    => external_visible */

        if (declaration->is_inline && declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_NONE
                        && declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
        }
        else if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC
                        || declaration->is_inline) {
                if (declaration->init.statement == NULL) {
                        /* this entity was declared, but is defined nowhere */
                        set_entity_peculiarity(entity, peculiarity_description);
                }
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
        } else if (declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_visible);
        } else {
                set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_external_allocated);
        }
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);

        /* We should check for file scope here, but as long as we compile C only
           this is not needed. */
        if (! firm_opt.freestanding) {
                /* check for a known runtime function */
                for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
                        if (id != rts_idents[i])
                                continue;

                        /* ignore those rts functions not necessary needed for current mode */
                        if ((c_mode & rts_data[i].flags) == 0)
                                continue;
                        assert(rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] == NULL);
                        rts_entities[rts_data[i].id] = entity;
                }
        }

        entitymap_insert(&entitymap, symbol, entity);

entity_created:
        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;

        return entity;
}

/**
 * Creates a Const node representing a constant.
 */
static ir_node *const_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(cnst->base.type);

        char    buf[128];
        tarval *tv;
        size_t  len;
        if (mode_is_float(mode)) {
                tv = new_tarval_from_double(cnst->v.float_value, mode);
        } else {
                if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
                        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
                } else {
                        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu",
                                       (unsigned long long) cnst->v.int_value);
                }
                tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);
        }

        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
}

/**
 * Creates a Const node representing a character constant.
 */
static ir_node *character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(cnst->base.type);

        long long int v = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < cnst->v.character.size; ++i) {
                if (char_is_signed) {
                        v = (v << 8) | ((signed char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
                } else {
                        v = (v << 8) | ((unsigned char)cnst->v.character.begin[i]);
                }
        }
        char    buf[128];
        size_t  len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
        tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);

        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
}

/**
 * Creates a Const node representing a wide character constant.
 */
static ir_node *wide_character_constant_to_firm(const const_expression_t *cnst)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&cnst->base.source_position);
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(cnst->base.type);

        long long int v = cnst->v.wide_character.begin[0];

        char    buf[128];
        size_t  len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", v);
        tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_str(buf, len, mode);

        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
}

/**
 * Creates a SymConst for a given entity.
 *
 * @param dbgi    debug info
 * @param mode    the (reference) mode for the SymConst
 * @param entity  the entity
 */
static ir_node *create_symconst(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_mode *mode,
                              ir_entity *entity)
{
        assert(entity != NULL);
        union symconst_symbol sym;
        sym.entity_p = entity;
        return new_d_SymConst(dbgi, mode, sym, symconst_addr_ent);
}

/**
 * Creates a SymConst node representing a string constant.
 *
 * @param src_pos    the source position of the string constant
 * @param id_prefix  a prefix for the name of the generated string constant
 * @param value      the value of the string constant
 */
static ir_node *string_to_firm(const source_position_t *const src_pos,
                               const char *const id_prefix,
                               const string_t *const value)
{
        ir_type  *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        dbg_info *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(src_pos);
        ir_type  *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
                                                       ir_type_const_char, dbgi);

        ident     *const id     = id_unique(id_prefix);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);

        ir_type *const elem_type = ir_type_const_char;
        ir_mode *const mode      = get_type_mode(elem_type);

        const char* const string = value->begin;
        const size_t      slen   = value->size;

        set_array_lower_bound_int(type, 0, 0);
        set_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0, slen);
        set_type_size_bytes(type, slen);
        set_type_state(type, layout_fixed);

        tarval **const tvs = xmalloc(slen * sizeof(tvs[0]));
        for(size_t i = 0; i < slen; ++i) {
                tvs[i] = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
        }

        set_array_entity_values(entity, tvs, slen);
        free(tvs);

        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
}

/**
 * Creates a SymConst node representing a string literal.
 *
 * @param literal   the string literal
 */
static ir_node *string_literal_to_firm(
                const string_literal_expression_t* literal)
{
        return string_to_firm(&literal->base.source_position, "Lstr.%u",
                              &literal->value);
}

/**
 * Creates a SymConst node representing a wide string literal.
 *
 * @param literal   the wide string literal
 */
static ir_node *wide_string_literal_to_firm(
        const wide_string_literal_expression_t* const literal)
{
        ir_type *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_type *const elem_type   = ir_type_wchar_t;
        dbg_info *const dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&literal->base.source_position);
        ir_type *const type        = new_d_type_array(id_unique("strtype.%u"), 1,
                                                    elem_type, dbgi);

        ident     *const id     = id_unique("Lstr.%u");
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, type, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);

        ir_mode *const mode      = get_type_mode(elem_type);

        const wchar_rep_t *const string = literal->value.begin;
        const size_t             slen   = literal->value.size;

        set_array_lower_bound_int(type, 0, 0);
        set_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0, slen);
        set_type_size_bytes(type, slen);
        set_type_state(type, layout_fixed);

        tarval **const tvs = xmalloc(slen * sizeof(tvs[0]));
        for(size_t i = 0; i < slen; ++i) {
                tvs[i] = new_tarval_from_long(string[i], mode);
        }

        set_array_entity_values(entity, tvs, slen);
        free(tvs);

        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
}

static ir_node *deref_address(dbg_info *const dbgi, type_t *const type,
                                      ir_node *const addr)
{
        ir_type *irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        if (is_compound_type(irtype)
                        || is_Method_type(irtype)
                        || is_Array_type(irtype)) {
                return addr;
        }

        ir_mode *const mode     = get_type_mode(irtype);
        ir_node *const memory   = get_store();
        ir_node *const load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, memory, addr, mode);
        ir_node *const load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
        ir_node *const load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode,   pn_Load_res);

        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                set_Load_volatility(load, volatility_is_volatile);
        }

        set_store(load_mem);
        return load_res;
}

/**
 * Creates a strict Conv if neccessary.
 */
static ir_node *do_strict_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *node)
{
        ir_mode *mode = get_irn_mode(node);

        if (!(get_irg_fp_model(current_ir_graph) & fp_explicit_rounding))
                return node;
        if (!mode_is_float(mode))
                return node;

        /* check if there is already a Conv */
        if (is_Conv(node)) {
                /* convert it into a strict Conv */
                set_Conv_strict(node, 1);
                return node;
        }

        /* otherwise create a new one */
        return new_d_strictConv(dbgi, node, mode);
}

static ir_node *get_global_var_address(dbg_info *const dbgi,
                                       const declaration_t *const decl)
{
        assert(decl->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE);

        ir_entity *const entity = decl->v.entity;
        switch ((storage_class_tag_t)decl->storage_class) {
                case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:
                case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN:
                case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC: {
                        ir_node *const no_mem = new_NoMem();
                        ir_node *const tls    = get_irg_tls(current_ir_graph);
                        return new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, no_mem, tls, entity);
                }

                default:
                        return create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, entity);
        }
}

/**
 * Returns the correct base address depending on whether it is a parameter or a
 * normal local variable.
 */
static ir_node *get_local_frame(ir_entity *const ent)
{
        ir_graph      *const irg   = current_ir_graph;
        const ir_type *const owner = get_entity_owner(ent);
        if (owner == get_irg_frame_type(irg)) {
                return get_irg_frame(irg);
        } else {
                assert(owner == get_method_value_param_type(get_entity_type(get_irg_entity(irg))));
                return get_irg_value_param_base(irg);
        }
}

static ir_node *create_conv(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *value, ir_mode *dest_mode)
{
        ir_mode *value_mode = get_irn_mode(value);

        if (value_mode == dest_mode || is_Bad(value))
                return value;

        if (dest_mode == mode_b) {
                ir_node *zero = new_Const(value_mode, get_mode_null(value_mode));
                ir_node *cmp  = new_d_Cmp(dbgi, value, zero);
                ir_node *proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cmp, mode_b, pn_Cmp_Lg);
                return proj;
        }

        return new_d_Conv(dbgi, value, dest_mode);
}

static ir_node *reference_expression_to_firm(const reference_expression_t *ref)
{
        dbg_info      *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&ref->base.source_position);
        declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
        type_t        *type        = skip_typeref(declaration->type);

        /* make sure the type is constructed */
        (void) get_ir_type(type);

        switch((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
        case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
                break;

        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                return new_Const(mode, declaration->v.enum_val);
        }

        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                return get_value(declaration->v.value_number, mode);
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, declaration->v.entity);
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
                ir_node *const addr   = get_global_var_address(dbgi, declaration);
                return deref_address(dbgi, declaration->type, addr);
        }

        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *entity = declaration->v.entity;
                ir_node   *frame  = get_local_frame(entity);
                ir_node   *sel    = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
                return deref_address(dbgi, declaration->type, sel);
        }

        case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
                return declaration->v.vla_base;

        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
        }

        panic("reference to declaration with unknown type found");
}

static ir_node *reference_addr(const reference_expression_t *ref)
{
        dbg_info      *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&ref->base.source_position);
        declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;

        switch((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
        case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
                break;
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
                /* you can store to a local variable (so we don't panic but return NULL
                 * as an indicator for no real address) */
                return NULL;
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION: {
                type_t *const  type = skip_typeref(ref->base.type);
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                return create_symconst(dbgi, mode, declaration->v.entity);
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE: {
                ir_node *const addr = get_global_var_address(dbgi, declaration);
                return addr;
        }
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY: {
                ir_entity *entity = declaration->v.entity;
                ir_node   *frame  = get_local_frame(entity);
                ir_node   *sel    = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);

                return sel;
        }

        case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
                return declaration->v.vla_base;

        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY:
                panic("trying to reference enum entry");

        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
                panic("not implemented reference type");
        }

        panic("reference to declaration with unknown type found");
}

/**
 * Transform calls to builtin functions.
 */
static ir_node *process_builtin_call(const call_expression_t *call)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);

        assert(call->function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL);
        builtin_symbol_expression_t *builtin = &call->function->builtin_symbol;

        type_t *type = skip_typeref(builtin->base.type);
        assert(is_type_pointer(type));

        type_t   *function_type = skip_typeref(type->pointer.points_to);
        symbol_t *symbol        = builtin->symbol;

        switch(symbol->ID) {
        case T___builtin_alloca: {
                if (call->arguments == NULL || call->arguments->next != NULL) {
                        panic("invalid number of parameters on __builtin_alloca");
                }
                expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
                ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);

                ir_node *store  = get_store();
                ir_node *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size, firm_unknown_type,
                                              stack_alloc);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
                ir_node *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);

                return res;
        }
        case T___builtin_huge_val: {
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(function_type->function.return_type);
                tarval  *tv   = get_mode_infinite(mode);
                ir_node *res  = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
                return   res;
        }
        case T___builtin_nan:
        case T___builtin_nanf:
        case T___builtin_nand: {
                /* Ignore string for now... */
                assert(is_type_function(function_type));
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(function_type->function.return_type);
                tarval  *tv   = get_mode_NAN(mode);
                ir_node *res  = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
                return res;
        }
        case T___builtin_va_end:
                return NULL;
        default:
                panic("Unsupported builtin found\n");
        }
}

/**
 * Transform a call expression.
 * Handles some special cases, like alloca() calls, which must be resolved BEFORE the inlines runs.
 * Inlining routines calling alloca() is dangerous, 176.gcc for instance might allocate 2GB instead of
 * 256 MB if alloca is not handled right...
 */
static ir_node *call_expression_to_firm(const call_expression_t *call)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
        assert(get_cur_block() != NULL);

        expression_t *function = call->function;
        if (function->kind == EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
                return process_builtin_call(call);
        }
        if (function->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                const reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
                declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;

                if ((declaration_kind_t)declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION) {
                        if (declaration->v.entity == rts_entities[rts_alloca]) {
                                /* handle alloca() call */
                                expression_t *argument = call->arguments->expression;
                                ir_node      *size     = expression_to_firm(argument);

                                size = create_conv(dbgi, size, get_ir_mode(type_size_t));

                                ir_node *store  = get_store();
                                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
                                ir_node *alloca = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, store, size, firm_unknown_type,
                                              stack_alloc);
                                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(alloca, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
                                set_store(proj_m);
                                ir_node *res    = new_Proj(alloca, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);

                                return res;
                        }
                }
        }
        ir_node *callee = expression_to_firm(function);

        type_t *type = skip_typeref(function->base.type);
        assert(is_type_pointer(type));
        pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
        type_t         *points_to    = skip_typeref(pointer_type->points_to);
        assert(is_type_function(points_to));
        function_type_t *function_type = &points_to->function;

        int      n_parameters = 0;
        ir_type *ir_method_type  = get_ir_type((type_t*) function_type);
        ir_type *new_method_type = NULL;
        if (function_type->variadic || function_type->unspecified_parameters) {
                const call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
                for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
                        ++n_parameters;
                }

                /* we need to construct a new method type matching the call
                 * arguments... */
                int n_res       = get_method_n_ress(ir_method_type);
                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&call->base.source_position);
                new_method_type = new_d_type_method(id_unique("calltype.%u"),
                                                    n_parameters, n_res, dbgi);
                set_method_calling_convention(new_method_type,
                               get_method_calling_convention(ir_method_type));
                set_method_additional_properties(new_method_type,
                               get_method_additional_properties(ir_method_type));
                set_method_variadicity(new_method_type,
                                       get_method_variadicity(ir_method_type));

                for(int i = 0; i < n_res; ++i) {
                        set_method_res_type(new_method_type, i,
                                            get_method_res_type(ir_method_type, i));
                }
                argument = call->arguments;
                for(int i = 0; i < n_parameters; ++i, argument = argument->next) {
                        expression_t *expression = argument->expression;
                        ir_type      *irtype     = get_ir_type(expression->base.type);
                        set_method_param_type(new_method_type, i, irtype);
                }
                ir_method_type = new_method_type;
        } else {
                n_parameters = get_method_n_params(ir_method_type);
        }

        ir_node *in[n_parameters];

        const call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
        for(int n = 0; n < n_parameters; ++n) {
                expression_t *expression = argument->expression;
                ir_node      *arg_node   = expression_to_firm(expression);

                arg_node = do_strict_conv(dbgi, arg_node);

                in[n] = arg_node;

                argument = argument->next;
        }

        ir_node  *store = get_store();
        ir_node  *node  = new_d_Call(dbgi, store, callee, n_parameters, in,
                                     ir_method_type);
        ir_node  *mem   = new_d_Proj(dbgi, node, mode_M, pn_Call_M_regular);
        set_store(mem);

        type_t  *return_type = skip_typeref(function_type->return_type);
        ir_node *result      = NULL;

        if (!is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
                ir_mode *mode;
                if (is_type_scalar(return_type)) {
                        mode = get_ir_mode(return_type);
                } else {
                        mode = mode_P_data;
                }
                ir_node *resproj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, node, mode_T, pn_Call_T_result);
                result           = new_d_Proj(dbgi, resproj, mode, 0);
        }

        return result;
}

static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement);
static ir_node *compound_statement_to_firm(compound_statement_t *compound);

static ir_node *expression_to_addr(const expression_t *expression);
static void create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
                                        ir_node *true_block,
                                        ir_node *false_block);

static void assign_value(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *addr, type_t *type,
                         ir_node *value)
{
        value = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);

        ir_node *memory = get_store();

        if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                ir_node  *store     = new_d_Store(dbgi, memory, addr, value);
                ir_node  *store_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE)
                        set_Store_volatility(store, volatility_is_volatile);
                set_store(store_mem);
        } else {
                ir_type *irtype    = get_ir_type(type);
                ir_node *copyb     = new_d_CopyB(dbgi, memory, addr, value, irtype);
                ir_node *copyb_mem = new_Proj(copyb, mode_M, pn_CopyB_M_regular);
                set_store(copyb_mem);
        }
}

static tarval *create_bitfield_mask(ir_mode *mode, int offset, int size)
{
        tarval *all_one   = get_mode_all_one(mode);
        int     mode_size = get_mode_size_bits(mode);

        assert(offset >= 0 && size >= 0);
        assert(offset + size <= mode_size);
        if (size == mode_size) {
                return all_one;
        }

        long    shiftr    = get_mode_size_bits(mode) - size;
        long    shiftl    = offset;
        tarval *tv_shiftr = new_tarval_from_long(shiftr, mode_uint);
        tarval *tv_shiftl = new_tarval_from_long(shiftl, mode_uint);
        tarval *mask0     = tarval_shr(all_one, tv_shiftr);
        tarval *mask1     = tarval_shl(mask0, tv_shiftl);

        return mask1;
}

static void bitfield_store_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
                                   ir_node *addr, ir_node *value)
{
        type_t       *type   = expression->base.type;
        ir_mode      *mode   = get_ir_mode(type);

        assert(get_irn_mode(value) == mode || is_Bad(value));

        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);

        /* kill upper bits of value and shift to right position */
        ir_entity *entity       = expression->compound_entry->v.entity;
        int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
        ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
        int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));

        tarval  *mask            = create_bitfield_mask(mode, 0, bitsize);
        ir_node *mask_node       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, mask);
        ir_node *value_masked    = new_d_And(dbgi, value, mask_node, mode);
        tarval  *shiftl          = new_tarval_from_long(bitoffset, mode_uint);
        ir_node *shiftcount      = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, shiftl);
        ir_node *value_maskshift = new_d_Shl(dbgi, value_masked, shiftcount, mode);

        /* load current value */
        ir_node  *mem             = get_store();
        ir_node  *load            = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode);
        ir_node  *load_mem        = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
        ir_node  *load_res        = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);
        tarval   *shift_mask      = create_bitfield_mask(mode, bitoffset, bitsize);
        tarval   *inv_mask        = tarval_not(shift_mask);
        ir_node  *inv_mask_node   = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, inv_mask);
        ir_node  *load_res_masked = new_d_And(dbgi, load_res, inv_mask_node, mode);

        /* construct new value and store */
        ir_node *new_val   = new_d_Or(dbgi, load_res_masked, value_maskshift, mode);
        ir_node *store     = new_d_Store(dbgi, load_mem, addr, new_val);
        ir_node *store_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
        set_store(store_mem);

        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                set_Load_volatility(load, volatility_is_volatile);
                set_Store_volatility(store, volatility_is_volatile);
        }
}

static ir_node *bitfield_extract_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression,
                ir_node *addr)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi     = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        type_t   *type     = expression->base.type;
        ir_mode  *mode     = get_ir_mode(type);
        ir_node  *mem      = get_store();
        ir_node  *load     = new_d_Load(dbgi, mem, addr, mode);
        ir_node  *load_mem = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode_M, pn_Load_M);
        ir_node  *load_res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, load, mode, pn_Load_res);

        load_res           = create_conv(dbgi, load_res, mode_int);

        set_store(load_mem);

        /* kill upper bits */
        ir_entity *entity       = expression->compound_entry->v.entity;
        int        bitoffset    = get_entity_offset_bits_remainder(entity);
        ir_type   *entity_type  = get_entity_type(entity);
        int        bitsize      = get_mode_size_bits(get_type_mode(entity_type));
        long       shift_bitsl  = machine_size - bitoffset - bitsize;
        assert(shift_bitsl >= 0);
        tarval    *tvl          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsl, mode_uint);
        ir_node   *countl       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvl);
        ir_node   *shiftl       = new_d_Shl(dbgi, load_res, countl, mode_int);

        long       shift_bitsr  = bitoffset + shift_bitsl;
        assert(shift_bitsr <= (long) machine_size);
        tarval    *tvr          = new_tarval_from_long(shift_bitsr, mode_uint);
        ir_node   *countr       = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, tvr);
        ir_node   *shiftr;
        if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
                shiftr = new_d_Shrs(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
        } else {
                shiftr = new_d_Shr(dbgi, shiftl, countr, mode_int);
        }

        return create_conv(dbgi, shiftr, mode);
}

static void set_value_for_expression_addr(const expression_t *expression,
                                          ir_node *value, ir_node *addr)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        value          = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);

        if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                const reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;

                declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
                assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
                if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        set_value(declaration->v.value_number, value);
                        return;
                }
        }

        if (addr == NULL)
                addr = expression_to_addr(expression);

        type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);

        if (expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT) {
                const select_expression_t *select = &expression->select;

                declaration_t *declaration = select->compound_entry;
                if (declaration->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
                        bitfield_store_to_firm(select, addr, value);
                        return;
                }
        }

        assign_value(dbgi, addr, type, value);
}

static void set_value_for_expression(const expression_t *expression,
                                     ir_node *value)
{
        set_value_for_expression_addr(expression, value, NULL);
}

static ir_node *get_value_from_lvalue(const expression_t *expression,
                                      ir_node *addr)
{
        if (expression->kind == EXPR_REFERENCE) {
                const reference_expression_t *ref = &expression->reference;

                declaration_t *declaration = ref->declaration;
                assert(declaration->declaration_kind != DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
                if (declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        assert(addr == NULL);
                        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
                        return get_value(declaration->v.value_number, mode);
                }
        }

        assert(addr != NULL);
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);

        ir_node *value;
        if (expression->kind == EXPR_SELECT &&
            expression->select.compound_entry->type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD){
                value = bitfield_extract_to_firm(&expression->select, addr);
        } else {
                value = deref_address(dbgi, expression->base.type, addr);
        }

        return value;
}


static ir_node *create_incdec(const unary_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        const expression_t *value_expr = expression->value;
        ir_node            *addr       = expression_to_addr(value_expr);
        ir_node            *value      = get_value_from_lvalue(value_expr, addr);

        type_t  *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);

        ir_node *offset;
        if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
                pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &type->pointer;
                offset                       = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
        } else {
                assert(is_type_arithmetic(type));
                offset = new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
        }

        ir_node *result;
        ir_node *store_value;
        switch(expression->base.kind) {
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
                result      = value;
                store_value = new_d_Add(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
                break;
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
                result      = value;
                store_value = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
                break;
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
                result      = new_d_Add(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
                store_value = result;
                break;
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
                result      = new_d_Sub(dbgi, value, offset, mode);
                store_value = result;
                break;
        default:
                panic("no incdec expr in create_incdec");
        }

        set_value_for_expression_addr(value_expr, store_value, addr);

        return result;
}

static bool is_local_variable(expression_t *expression)
{
        if (expression->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
                return false;
        reference_expression_t *ref_expr    = &expression->reference;
        declaration_t          *declaration = ref_expr->declaration;
        return declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE;
}

static pn_Cmp get_pnc(const expression_kind_t kind, type_t *const type)
{
        switch(kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:         return pn_Cmp_Eq;
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER: return pn_Cmp_Lg;
        case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
                return is_type_float(skip_typeref(type)) ? pn_Cmp_Ne : pn_Cmp_Lg;
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:          return pn_Cmp_Lt;
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:     return pn_Cmp_Le;
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:       return pn_Cmp_Gt;
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:  return pn_Cmp_Ge;
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:   return pn_Cmp_Uo;

        default:
                break;
        }
        panic("trying to get pn_Cmp from non-comparison binexpr type");
}

/**
 * Handle the assume optimizer hint: check if a Confirm
 * node can be created.
 *
 * @param dbi    debug info
 * @param expr   the IL assume expression
 *
 * we support here only some simple cases:
 *  - var rel const
 *  - const rel val
 *  - var rel var
 */
static ir_node *handle_assume_compare(dbg_info *dbi,
                                      const binary_expression_t *expression)
{
        expression_t  *op1 = expression->left;
        expression_t  *op2 = expression->right;
        declaration_t *var2, *var = NULL;
        ir_node       *res = NULL;
        pn_Cmp         cmp_val;

        cmp_val = get_pnc(expression->base.kind, op1->base.type);

        if (is_local_variable(op1) && is_local_variable(op2)) {
        var  = op1->reference.declaration;
            var2 = op2->reference.declaration;

                type_t  *const type = skip_typeref(var->type);
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);

                ir_node *const irn1 = get_value(var->v.value_number, mode);
                ir_node *const irn2 = get_value(var2->v.value_number, mode);

                res = new_d_Confirm(dbi, irn2, irn1, get_inversed_pnc(cmp_val));
                set_value(var2->v.value_number, res);

                res = new_d_Confirm(dbi, irn1, irn2, cmp_val);
                set_value(var->v.value_number, res);

                return res;
        }

        expression_t *con;
        if (is_local_variable(op1) && is_constant_expression(op2)) {
                var = op1->reference.declaration;
                con = op2;
        } else if (is_constant_expression(op1) && is_local_variable(op2)) {
                cmp_val = get_inversed_pnc(cmp_val);
                var = op2->reference.declaration;
                con = op1;
        }

        if (var != NULL) {
                type_t  *const type = skip_typeref(var->type);
                ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(type);

                res = get_value(var->v.value_number, mode);
                res = new_d_Confirm(dbi, res, expression_to_firm(con), cmp_val);
                set_value(var->v.value_number, res);
        }
        return res;
}

/**
 * Handle the assume optimizer hint.
 *
 * @param dbi    debug info
 * @param expr   the IL assume expression
 */
static ir_node *handle_assume(dbg_info *dbi, const expression_t *expression) {
        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
                return handle_assume_compare(dbi, &expression->binary);
        default:
                return NULL;
        }
}

static ir_node *unary_expression_to_firm(const unary_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        type_t   *type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);

        if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS)
                return expression_to_addr(expression->value);

        const expression_t *value = expression->value;

        switch(expression->base.kind) {
        case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                return new_d_Minus(dbgi, value_node, mode);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
                return expression_to_firm(value);
        case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                return new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: {
                ir_node *value_node = _expression_to_firm(value);
                value_node          = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
                ir_node *res        = new_d_Not(dbgi, value_node, mode_b);
                return res;
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                type_t  *value_type = skip_typeref(value->base.type);
                assert(is_type_pointer(value_type));
                type_t  *points_to  = value_type->pointer.points_to;
                return deref_address(dbgi, points_to, value_node);
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
        case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
                return create_incdec(expression);
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                        ir_node *node = create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
                        node = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
                        return node;
                } else {
                        /* make sure firm type is constructed */
                        (void) get_ir_type(type);
                        return value_node;
                }
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT: {
                ir_node *value_node = expression_to_firm(value);
                if (is_type_scalar(type)) {
                        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(type);
                        return create_conv(dbgi, value_node, mode);
                } else {
                        return value_node;
                }
        }
        case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
                if (firm_opt.confirm)
                        return handle_assume(dbgi, value);
                else
                        return NULL;

        default:
                break;
        }
        panic("invalid UNEXPR type found");
}

/**
 * produces a 0/1 depending of the value of a mode_b node
 */
static ir_node *produce_condition_result(const expression_t *expression,
                                         dbg_info *dbgi)
{
        ir_mode *mode      = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
        ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();

        ir_node *one_block = new_immBlock();
        ir_node *one       = new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
        ir_node *jmp_one   = new_d_Jmp(dbgi);

        ir_node *zero_block = new_immBlock();
        ir_node *zero       = new_Const(mode, get_mode_null(mode));
        ir_node *jmp_zero   = new_d_Jmp(dbgi);

        set_cur_block(cur_block);
        create_condition_evaluation(expression, one_block, zero_block);
        mature_immBlock(one_block);
        mature_immBlock(zero_block);

        ir_node *common_block = new_immBlock();
        add_immBlock_pred(common_block, jmp_one);
        add_immBlock_pred(common_block, jmp_zero);
        mature_immBlock(common_block);

        ir_node *in[2] = { one, zero };
        ir_node *val   = new_d_Phi(dbgi, 2, in, mode);

        return val;
}

static ir_node *adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbg_info *dbgi,
                ir_node *value, type_t *type)
{
        pointer_type_t *const pointer_type = &type->pointer;
        type_t         *const points_to    = pointer_type->points_to;
        unsigned              elem_size    = get_type_size_const(points_to);

        /* gcc extension */
        if (elem_size == 0 && is_type_atomic(points_to, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
                elem_size = 1;
        }

        assert(elem_size >= 1);
        if (elem_size == 1)
                return value;

        value = create_conv(dbgi, value, mode_int);
        ir_node *const cnst = new_Const_long(mode_int, (long)elem_size);
        ir_node *const mul  = new_d_Mul(dbgi, value, cnst, mode_int);
        return mul;
}

static ir_node *create_op(dbg_info *dbgi, const binary_expression_t *expression,
                          ir_node *left, ir_node *right)
{
        ir_mode  *mode;
        type_t   *type_left  = skip_typeref(expression->left->base.type);
        type_t   *type_right = skip_typeref(expression->right->base.type);

        expression_kind_t kind = expression->base.kind;

        switch (kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
                mode  = get_irn_mode(left);
                right = create_conv(dbgi, right, mode_uint);
                break;

        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
                if (is_type_pointer(type_left) && is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
                        const pointer_type_t *const ptr_type = &type_left->pointer;

                        mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
                        ir_node *const elem_size = get_type_size(ptr_type->points_to);
                        ir_node *const conv_size = new_d_Conv(dbgi, elem_size, mode);
                        ir_node *const sub       = new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
                        ir_node *const no_mem    = new_NoMem();
                        ir_node *const div       = new_d_DivRL(dbgi, no_mem, sub, conv_size,
                                                                                                   mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        return new_d_Proj(dbgi, div, mode, pn_Div_res);
                }
                /* fallthrough */
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
                if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
                        right = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, right, type_left);
                        mode  = get_ir_mode(type_left);
                        break;
                }
                goto normal_node;

        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
                if (is_type_pointer(type_left)) {
                        right = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, right, type_left);
                        mode  = get_ir_mode(type_left);
                        break;
                } else if (is_type_pointer(type_right)) {
                        left  = adjust_for_pointer_arithmetic(dbgi, left, type_right);
                        mode  = get_ir_mode(type_right);
                        break;
                }
                goto normal_node;

        default:
normal_node:
                mode = get_irn_mode(right);
                left = create_conv(dbgi, left, mode);
                break;
        }

        switch (kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
                return new_d_Add(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
                return new_d_Sub(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
                return new_d_Mul(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
                return new_d_And(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
                return new_d_Or(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
                return new_d_Eor(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
                return new_d_Shl(dbgi, left, right, mode);
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
                if (mode_is_signed(mode)) {
                        return new_d_Shrs(dbgi, left, right, mode);
                } else {
                        return new_d_Shr(dbgi, left, right, mode);
                }
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN: {
                ir_node *pin = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
                ir_node *op;
                ir_node *res;
                if (mode_is_float(mode)) {
                        op  = new_d_Quot(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Quot_res);
                } else {
                        op  = new_d_Div(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode, op_pin_state_floats);
                        res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Div_res);
                }
                return res;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN: {
                ir_node *pin = new_Pin(new_NoMem());
                assert(!mode_is_float(mode));
                ir_node *op  = new_d_Mod(dbgi, pin, left, right, mode,
                                         op_pin_state_floats);
                ir_node *res = new_d_Proj(dbgi, op, mode, pn_Mod_res);
                return res;
        }
        default:
                panic("unexpected expression kind");
        }
}

static ir_node *create_lazy_op(const binary_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        type_t   *type = expression->base.type;
        ir_mode  *mode = get_ir_mode(type);

        if (is_constant_expression(expression->left)) {
                long val = fold_constant(expression->left);
                expression_kind_t ekind = expression->base.kind;
                if ((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val != 0)
                                || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val == 0)) {
                        return expression_to_firm(expression->right);
                } else {
                        assert((ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND && val == 0)
                                        || (ekind == EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR && val != 0));
                        return new_Const(mode, get_mode_one(mode));
                }
        }

        return produce_condition_result((const expression_t*) expression, dbgi);
}

typedef ir_node * (*create_arithmetic_func)(dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *left,
                                            ir_node *right, ir_mode *mode);

static ir_node *create_assign_binop(const binary_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *const     dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        const expression_t *left_expr = expression->left;
        ir_mode            *left_mode = get_ir_mode(left_expr->base.type);
        ir_node            *left_addr = expression_to_addr(left_expr);
        ir_node            *left      = get_value_from_lvalue(left_expr, left_addr);
        ir_node            *right     = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
        ir_node            *result    = create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);

        result = create_conv(dbgi, result, left_mode);
        result = do_strict_conv(dbgi, result);

        set_value_for_expression_addr(left_expr, result, left_addr);

        return result;
}

static ir_node *binary_expression_to_firm(const binary_expression_t *expression)
{
        expression_kind_t kind = expression->base.kind;

        switch(kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
                dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
                ir_node *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
                ir_node *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
                ir_node *cmp   = new_d_Cmp(dbgi, left, right);
                long     pnc   = get_pnc(kind, expression->left->base.type);
                ir_node *proj  = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cmp, mode_b, pnc);
                return proj;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN: {
                ir_node *addr  = expression_to_addr(expression->left);
                ir_node *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
                set_value_for_expression_addr(expression->left, right, addr);

                return right;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
        {
                dbg_info *dbgi  = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
                ir_node  *left  = expression_to_firm(expression->left);
                ir_node  *right = expression_to_firm(expression->right);
                return create_op(dbgi, expression, left, right);
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
                return create_lazy_op(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
                /* create side effects of left side */
                (void) expression_to_firm(expression->left);
                return _expression_to_firm(expression->right);

        case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
        case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
                return create_assign_binop(expression);
        case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
                return _expression_to_firm(expression->left);
        default:
                panic("TODO binexpr type");
        }
}

static ir_node *array_access_addr(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *base_addr = expression_to_firm(expression->array_ref);
        ir_node  *offset    = expression_to_firm(expression->index);

        type_t  *offset_type = skip_typeref(expression->index->base.type);
        ir_mode *mode;
        if (is_type_signed(offset_type)) {
                mode = get_ir_mode(type_ssize_t);
        } else {
                mode = get_ir_mode(type_size_t);
        }
        offset = create_conv(dbgi, offset, mode);

        type_t *ref_type = skip_typeref(expression->array_ref->base.type);
        assert(is_type_pointer(ref_type));
        pointer_type_t *pointer_type = &ref_type->pointer;

        ir_node *elem_size_const = get_type_size(pointer_type->points_to);
        elem_size_const          = create_conv(dbgi, elem_size_const, mode);
        ir_node *real_offset     = new_d_Mul(dbgi, offset, elem_size_const,
                                             mode);
        ir_node *result          = new_d_Add(dbgi, base_addr, real_offset, mode_P_data);

        return result;
}

static ir_node *array_access_to_firm(
                const array_access_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *addr   = array_access_addr(expression);
        type_t   *type   = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
                        (const expression_t*) expression);
        type             = skip_typeref(type);

        return deref_address(dbgi, type, addr);
}

static long get_offsetof_offset(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
{
        type_t *orig_type = expression->type;
        long    offset    = 0;

        designator_t *designator = expression->designator;
        for( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(orig_type);
                /* be sure the type is constructed */
                (void) get_ir_type(type);

                if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
                        assert(is_type_compound(type));
                        symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;

                        declaration_t *declaration = type->compound.declaration;
                        declaration_t *iter        = declaration->scope.declarations;
                        for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
                                if (iter->symbol == symbol) {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        assert(iter != NULL);

                        assert(iter->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
                        offset += get_entity_offset(iter->v.entity);

                        orig_type = iter->type;
                } else {
                        expression_t *array_index = designator->array_index;
                        assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
                        assert(is_type_array(type));
                        assert(is_type_valid(array_index->base.type));

                        long index         = fold_constant(array_index);
                        ir_type *arr_type  = get_ir_type(type);
                        ir_type *elem_type = get_array_element_type(arr_type);
                        long     elem_size = get_type_size_bytes(elem_type);

                        offset += index * elem_size;

                        orig_type = type->array.element_type;
                }
        }

        return offset;
}

static ir_node *offsetof_to_firm(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
{
        ir_mode  *mode   = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
        long      offset = get_offsetof_offset(expression);
        tarval   *tv     = new_tarval_from_long(offset, mode);
        dbg_info *dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);

        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
}

static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
                                     ir_entity *entity, type_t *type);

static ir_node *compound_literal_to_firm(
                const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
{
        type_t *type = expression->type;

        /* create an entity on the stack */
        ir_type *frame_type = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);

        ident     *const id     = id_unique("CompLit.%u");
        ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(frame_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, id);

        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);

        /* create initialisation code */
        initializer_t *initializer = expression->initializer;
        create_local_initializer(initializer, dbgi, entity, type);

        /* create a sel for the compound literal address */
        ir_node *frame = get_local_frame(entity);
        ir_node *sel   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
        return sel;
}

/**
 * Transform a sizeof expression into Firm code.
 */
static ir_node *sizeof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
{
        type_t *type = expression->type;
        if (type == NULL) {
                type = expression->tp_expression->base.type;
                assert(type != NULL);
        }

        type = skip_typeref(type);
        /* § 6.5.3.4 (2) if the type is a VLA, evaluate the expression. */
        if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla
                        && expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
                expression_to_firm(expression->tp_expression);
        }

        return get_type_size(type);
}

/**
 * Transform an alignof expression into Firm code.
 */
static ir_node *alignof_to_firm(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
{
        type_t *type = expression->type;
        if (type == NULL) {
                /* beware: if expression is a variable reference, return the
                   alignment of the variable. */
                const expression_t *tp_expression = expression->tp_expression;
                const declaration_t *declaration = expr_is_variable(tp_expression);
                if (declaration != NULL) {
                        /* TODO: get the alignment of this variable. */
                }
                type = tp_expression->base.type;
                assert(type != NULL);
        }

        ir_mode *const mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
        symconst_symbol sym;
        sym.type_p = get_ir_type(type);
        return new_SymConst(mode, sym, symconst_type_align);
}

static void init_ir_types(void);
long fold_constant(const expression_t *expression)
{
        bool constant_folding_old = constant_folding;
        constant_folding = true;

        init_ir_types();

        assert(is_constant_expression(expression));

        ir_graph *old_current_ir_graph = current_ir_graph;
        if (current_ir_graph == NULL) {
                current_ir_graph = get_const_code_irg();
        }

        ir_node *cnst = expression_to_firm(expression);
        current_ir_graph = old_current_ir_graph;

        if (!is_Const(cnst)) {
                panic("couldn't fold constant\n");
        }

        tarval *tv = get_Const_tarval(cnst);
        if (!tarval_is_long(tv)) {
                panic("result of constant folding is not integer\n");
        }

        constant_folding = constant_folding_old;

        return get_tarval_long(tv);
}

static ir_node *conditional_to_firm(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);

        /* first try to fold a constant condition */
        if (is_constant_expression(expression->condition)) {
                long val = fold_constant(expression->condition);
                if (val) {
                        return expression_to_firm(expression->true_expression);
                } else {
                        return expression_to_firm(expression->false_expression);
                }
        }

        ir_node *cur_block   = get_cur_block();

        /* create the true block */
        ir_node *true_block  = new_immBlock();

        ir_node *true_val = expression_to_firm(expression->true_expression);
        ir_node *true_jmp = new_Jmp();

        /* create the false block */
        ir_node *false_block = new_immBlock();

        ir_node *false_val = expression_to_firm(expression->false_expression);
        ir_node *false_jmp = new_Jmp();

        /* create the condition evaluation */
        set_cur_block(cur_block);
        create_condition_evaluation(expression->condition, true_block, false_block);
        mature_immBlock(true_block);
        mature_immBlock(false_block);

        /* create the common block */
        ir_node *common_block = new_immBlock();
        add_immBlock_pred(common_block, true_jmp);
        add_immBlock_pred(common_block, false_jmp);
        mature_immBlock(common_block);

        /* TODO improve static semantics, so either both or no values are NULL */
        if (true_val == NULL || false_val == NULL)
                return NULL;

        ir_node *in[2] = { true_val, false_val };
        ir_mode *mode  = get_irn_mode(true_val);
        assert(get_irn_mode(false_val) == mode);
        ir_node *val   = new_d_Phi(dbgi, 2, in, mode);

        return val;
}

/**
 * Returns an IR-node representing the address of a field.
 */
static ir_node *select_addr(const select_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);

        ir_node *compound_addr = expression_to_firm(expression->compound);

        /* make sure the type is constructed */
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type);
        if (is_type_pointer(type)) {
                type = type->pointer.points_to;
        }
        (void) get_ir_type(type);

        declaration_t *entry = expression->compound_entry;
        assert(entry->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER);
        ir_entity     *entity = entry->v.entity;

        assert(entity != NULL);

        ir_node *sel = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), compound_addr, entity);

        return sel;
}

static ir_node *select_to_firm(const select_expression_t *expression)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *addr = select_addr(expression);
        type_t   *type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(
                        (const expression_t*) expression);
        type           = skip_typeref(type);

        declaration_t *entry      = expression->compound_entry;
        type_t        *entry_type = skip_typeref(entry->type);

        if (entry_type->kind == TYPE_BITFIELD) {
                return bitfield_extract_to_firm(expression, addr);
        }

        return deref_address(dbgi, type, addr);
}

/* Values returned by __builtin_classify_type. */
typedef enum gcc_type_class
{
        no_type_class = -1,
        void_type_class,
        integer_type_class,
        char_type_class,
        enumeral_type_class,
        boolean_type_class,
        pointer_type_class,
        reference_type_class,
        offset_type_class,
        real_type_class,
        complex_type_class,
        function_type_class,
        method_type_class,
        record_type_class,
        union_type_class,
        array_type_class,
        string_type_class,
        set_type_class,
        file_type_class,
        lang_type_class
} gcc_type_class;

static ir_node *classify_type_to_firm(const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
{
        const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expr->type_expression->base.type);

        gcc_type_class tc;
        switch (type->kind)
        {
                case TYPE_ATOMIC: {
                        const atomic_type_t *const atomic_type = &type->atomic;
                        switch (atomic_type->akind) {
                                /* should not be reached */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_INVALID:
                                        tc = no_type_class;
                                        goto make_const;

                                /* gcc cannot do that */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID:
                                        tc = void_type_class;
                                        goto make_const;

                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR:      /* gcc handles this as integer */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_SCHAR:     /* gcc handles this as integer */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_UCHAR:     /* gcc handles this as integer */
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_SHORT:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_USHORT:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_INT:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL:      /* gcc handles this as integer */
                                        tc = integer_type_class;
                                        goto make_const;

                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_DOUBLE:
                                case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE:
                                        tc = real_type_class;
                                        goto make_const;
                        }
                        panic("Unexpected atomic type in classify_type_to_firm().");
                }

                case TYPE_COMPLEX:         tc = complex_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_IMAGINARY:       tc = complex_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_BITFIELD:        tc = integer_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_ARRAY:           /* gcc handles this as pointer */
                case TYPE_FUNCTION:        /* gcc handles this as pointer */
                case TYPE_POINTER:         tc = pointer_type_class; goto make_const;
                case TYPE_COMPOUND_STRUCT: tc = record_type_class;  goto make_const;
                case TYPE_COMPOUND_UNION:  tc = union_type_class;   goto make_const;

                /* gcc handles this as integer */
                case TYPE_ENUM:            tc = integer_type_class; goto make_const;

                case TYPE_BUILTIN:
                /* typedef/typeof should be skipped already */
                case TYPE_TYPEDEF:
                case TYPE_TYPEOF:
                case TYPE_INVALID:
                case TYPE_ERROR:
                        break;
        }
        panic("unexpected TYPE classify_type_to_firm().");

make_const: ;
        dbg_info *const dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_mode  *const mode = mode_int;
        tarval   *const tv   = new_tarval_from_long(tc, mode);
        return new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
}

static ir_node *function_name_to_firm(
                const funcname_expression_t *const expr)
{
        switch(expr->kind) {
        case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:
        case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION:
        case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:
                if (current_function_name == NULL) {
                        const source_position_t *const src_pos = &expr->base.source_position;
                        const char *const name = current_function_decl->symbol->string;
                        const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
                        current_function_name = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__func__.%u", &string);
                }
                return current_function_name;
        case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:
                if (current_funcsig == NULL) {
                        const source_position_t *const src_pos = &expr->base.source_position;
                        ir_entity *ent = get_irg_entity(current_ir_graph);
                        const char *const name = get_entity_ld_name(ent);
                        const string_t string = { name, strlen(name) + 1 };
                        current_funcsig = string_to_firm(src_pos, "__FUNCSIG__.%u", &string);
                }
                return current_funcsig;
        }
        panic("Unsupported function name");
}

static ir_node *statement_expression_to_firm(const statement_expression_t *expr)
{
        statement_t *statement = expr->statement;

        assert(statement->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND);
        return compound_statement_to_firm(&statement->compound);
}

static ir_node *va_start_expression_to_firm(
        const va_start_expression_t *const expr)
{
        ir_type   *const method_type = get_ir_type(current_function_decl->type);
        int        const n           = get_method_n_params(method_type) - 1;
        ir_entity *const parm_ent    = get_method_value_param_ent(method_type, n);
        ir_node   *const arg_base    = get_irg_value_param_base(current_ir_graph);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_node   *const no_mem      = new_NoMem();
        ir_node   *const arg_sel     =
                new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, no_mem, arg_base, parm_ent);

        ir_node   *const cnst        = get_type_size(expr->parameter->type);
        ir_node   *const add         = new_d_Add(dbgi, arg_sel, cnst, mode_P_data);
        set_value_for_expression(expr->ap, add);

        return NULL;
}

static ir_node *va_arg_expression_to_firm(const va_arg_expression_t *const expr)
{
        type_t       *const type    = expr->base.type;
        expression_t *const ap_expr = expr->ap;
        ir_node      *const ap_addr = expression_to_addr(ap_expr);
        ir_node      *const ap      = get_value_from_lvalue(ap_expr, ap_addr);
        dbg_info     *const dbgi    = get_dbg_info(&expr->base.source_position);
        ir_node      *const res     = deref_address(dbgi, type, ap);

        ir_node      *const cnst    = get_type_size(expr->base.type);
        ir_node      *const add     = new_d_Add(dbgi, ap, cnst, mode_P_data);

        set_value_for_expression_addr(ap_expr, add, ap_addr);

        return res;
}

static ir_node *dereference_addr(const unary_expression_t *const expression)
{
        assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE);
        return expression_to_firm(expression->value);
}

/**
 * Returns a IR-node representing an lvalue of the given expression.
 */
static ir_node *expression_to_addr(const expression_t *expression)
{
        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_REFERENCE:
                return reference_addr(&expression->reference);
        case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
                return array_access_addr(&expression->array_access);
        case EXPR_SELECT:
                return select_addr(&expression->select);
        case EXPR_CALL:
                return call_expression_to_firm(&expression->call);
        case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
                return dereference_addr(&expression->unary);
        }
        default:
                break;
        }
        panic("trying to get address of non-lvalue");
}

static ir_node *builtin_constant_to_firm(
                const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
{
        ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
        long     v;

        if (is_constant_expression(expression->value)) {
                v = 1;
        } else {
                v = 0;
        }
        return new_Const_long(mode, v);
}

static ir_node *builtin_prefetch_to_firm(
                const builtin_prefetch_expression_t *expression)
{
        ir_node *adr = expression_to_firm(expression->adr);
        /* no Firm support for prefetch yet */
        (void) adr;
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * creates firm nodes for an expression. The difference between this function
 * and expression_to_firm is, that this version might produce mode_b nodes
 * instead of mode_Is.
 */
static ir_node *_expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (!constant_folding) {
                assert(!expression->base.transformed);
                ((expression_t*) expression)->base.transformed = true;
        }
#endif

        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
                return character_constant_to_firm(&expression->conste);
        case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
                return wide_character_constant_to_firm(&expression->conste);
        case EXPR_CONST:
                return const_to_firm(&expression->conste);
        case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
                return string_literal_to_firm(&expression->string);
        case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
                return wide_string_literal_to_firm(&expression->wide_string);
        case EXPR_REFERENCE:
                return reference_expression_to_firm(&expression->reference);
        case EXPR_CALL:
                return call_expression_to_firm(&expression->call);
        EXPR_UNARY_CASES
                return unary_expression_to_firm(&expression->unary);
        EXPR_BINARY_CASES
                return binary_expression_to_firm(&expression->binary);
        case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
                return array_access_to_firm(&expression->array_access);
        case EXPR_SIZEOF:
                return sizeof_to_firm(&expression->typeprop);
        case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
                return alignof_to_firm(&expression->typeprop);
        case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
                return conditional_to_firm(&expression->conditional);
        case EXPR_SELECT:
                return select_to_firm(&expression->select);
        case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
                return classify_type_to_firm(&expression->classify_type);
        case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
                return function_name_to_firm(&expression->funcname);
        case EXPR_STATEMENT:
                return statement_expression_to_firm(&expression->statement);
        case EXPR_VA_START:
                return va_start_expression_to_firm(&expression->va_starte);
        case EXPR_VA_ARG:
                return va_arg_expression_to_firm(&expression->va_arge);
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
                panic("unimplemented expression found");
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
                return builtin_constant_to_firm(&expression->builtin_constant);
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
                return builtin_prefetch_to_firm(&expression->builtin_prefetch);
        case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
                return offsetof_to_firm(&expression->offsetofe);
        case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
                return compound_literal_to_firm(&expression->compound_literal);

        case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
        case EXPR_INVALID:
                break;
        }
        panic("invalid expression found");
}

static bool produces_mode_b(const expression_t *expression)
{
        switch (expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
        case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
        case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
                return true;

        case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
                return produces_mode_b(expression->binary.left);
        case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
                return produces_mode_b(expression->binary.right);

        default:
                return false;
        }
}

static ir_node *expression_to_firm(const expression_t *expression)
{
        if (!produces_mode_b(expression)) {
                ir_node *res = _expression_to_firm(expression);
                assert(res == NULL || get_irn_mode(res) != mode_b);
                return res;
        }

        if (is_constant_expression(expression)) {
                ir_node *res  = _expression_to_firm(expression);
                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(expression->base.type);
                assert(is_Const(res));
                if (is_Const_null(res)) {
                        return new_Const_long(mode, 0);
                } else {
                        return new_Const_long(mode, 1);
                }
        }

        /* we have to produce a 0/1 from the mode_b expression */
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        return produce_condition_result(expression, dbgi);
}

static ir_node *expression_to_modeb(const expression_t *expression)
{
        ir_node *res = _expression_to_firm(expression);
        res          = create_conv(NULL, res, mode_b);

        return res;
}

/**
 * create a short-circuit expression evaluation that tries to construct
 * efficient control flow structures for &&, || and ! expressions
 */
static void create_condition_evaluation(const expression_t *expression,
                                        ir_node *true_block,
                                        ir_node *false_block)
{
        switch(expression->kind) {
        case EXPR_UNARY_NOT: {
                const unary_expression_t *unary_expression = &expression->unary;
                create_condition_evaluation(unary_expression->value, false_block,
                                            true_block);
                return;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
                const binary_expression_t *binary_expression = &expression->binary;

                ir_node *cur_block   = get_cur_block();
                ir_node *extra_block = new_immBlock();
                set_cur_block(cur_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(binary_expression->left, extra_block,
                                            false_block);
                mature_immBlock(extra_block);
                set_cur_block(extra_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(binary_expression->right, true_block,
                                            false_block);
                return;
        }
        case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
                const binary_expression_t *binary_expression = &expression->binary;

                ir_node *cur_block   = get_cur_block();
                ir_node *extra_block = new_immBlock();
                set_cur_block(cur_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(binary_expression->left, true_block,
                                            extra_block);
                mature_immBlock(extra_block);
                set_cur_block(extra_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(binary_expression->right, true_block,
                                            false_block);
                return;
        }
        default:
                break;
        }

        dbg_info *dbgi       = get_dbg_info(&expression->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *condition  = expression_to_modeb(expression);
        ir_node  *cond       = new_d_Cond(dbgi, condition);
        ir_node  *true_proj  = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cond, mode_X, pn_Cond_true);
        ir_node  *false_proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, cond, mode_X, pn_Cond_false);

        /* set branch prediction info based on __builtin_expect */
        if (expression->kind == EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT) {
                long               cnst = fold_constant(expression->binary.right);
                cond_jmp_predicate pred;

                if (cnst == 0) {
                        pred = COND_JMP_PRED_FALSE;
                } else {
                        pred = COND_JMP_PRED_TRUE;
                }
                set_Cond_jmp_pred(cond, pred);
        }

        add_immBlock_pred(true_block, true_proj);
        if (false_block != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(false_block, false_proj);
        }

        set_cur_block(NULL);
}



static void create_declaration_entity(declaration_t *declaration,
                                      declaration_kind_t declaration_kind,
                                      ir_type *parent_type)
{
        type_t    *const type   = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
        if (is_type_function(type)) {
                (void) get_function_entity(declaration);
                return;
        }

        ident     *const id     = new_id_from_str(declaration->symbol->string);
        ir_type   *const irtype = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi   = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        ir_entity *const entity = new_d_entity(parent_type, id, irtype, dbgi);

        declaration->declaration_kind = (unsigned char) declaration_kind;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
        if (parent_type == get_tls_type())
                set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_automatic);
        else if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE)
                set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);

        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                set_entity_volatility(entity, volatility_is_volatile);
        }
}


typedef struct type_path_entry_t type_path_entry_t;
struct type_path_entry_t {
        type_t           *type;
        ir_initializer_t *initializer;
        size_t            index;
        declaration_t    *compound_entry;
};

typedef struct type_path_t type_path_t;
struct type_path_t {
        type_path_entry_t *path;
        type_t            *top_type;
        bool               invalid;
};

static __attribute__((unused)) void debug_print_type_path(const type_path_t *path)
{
        size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);

        for(size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                const type_path_entry_t *entry = & path->path[i];

                type_t *type = skip_typeref(entry->type);
                if (is_type_compound(type)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, ".%s", entry->compound_entry->symbol->string);
                } else if (is_type_array(type)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "[%zd]", entry->index);
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, "-INVALID-");
                }
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "  (");
        print_type(path->top_type);
        fprintf(stderr, ")");
}

static type_path_entry_t *get_type_path_top(const type_path_t *path)
{
        size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
        assert(len > 0);
        return & path->path[len-1];
}

static type_path_entry_t *append_to_type_path(type_path_t *path)
{
        size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
        ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len+1);

        type_path_entry_t *result = & path->path[len];
        memset(result, 0, sizeof(result[0]));
        return result;
}

static size_t get_compound_size(const compound_type_t *type)
{
        declaration_t *declaration = type->declaration;
        declaration_t *member      = declaration->scope.declarations;
        size_t         size        = 0;
        for( ; member != NULL; member = member->next) {
                ++size;
        }
        /* TODO: cache results? */

        return size;
}

static ir_initializer_t *get_initializer_entry(type_path_t *path)
{
        type_t *orig_top_type = path->top_type;
        type_t *top_type      = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);

        assert(is_type_compound(top_type) || is_type_array(top_type));

        if (ARR_LEN(path->path) == 0) {
                return NULL;
        } else {
                type_path_entry_t *top         = get_type_path_top(path);
                ir_initializer_t  *initializer = top->initializer;
                return get_initializer_compound_value(initializer, top->index);
        }
}

static void descend_into_subtype(type_path_t *path)
{
        type_t *orig_top_type = path->top_type;
        type_t *top_type      = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);

        assert(is_type_compound(top_type) || is_type_array(top_type));

        ir_initializer_t *initializer = get_initializer_entry(path);

        type_path_entry_t *top = append_to_type_path(path);
        top->type              = top_type;

        size_t len;

        if (is_type_compound(top_type)) {
                declaration_t *declaration = top_type->compound.declaration;
                declaration_t *entry       = declaration->scope.declarations;

                top->compound_entry = entry;
                top->index          = 0;
                len                 = get_compound_size(&top_type->compound);
                if (entry != NULL)
                        path->top_type = entry->type;
        } else {
                assert(is_type_array(top_type));
                assert(top_type->array.size > 0);

                top->index     = 0;
                path->top_type = top_type->array.element_type;
                len            = top_type->array.size;
        }
        if (initializer == NULL
                        || get_initializer_kind(initializer) == IR_INITIALIZER_NULL) {
                initializer = create_initializer_compound(len);
                /* we have to set the entry at the 2nd latest path entry... */
                size_t path_len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
                assert(path_len >= 1);
                if (path_len > 1) {
                        type_path_entry_t *entry        = & path->path[path_len-2];
                        ir_initializer_t  *tinitializer = entry->initializer;
                        set_initializer_compound_value(tinitializer, entry->index,
                                                       initializer);
                }
        }
        top->initializer = initializer;
}

static void ascend_from_subtype(type_path_t *path)
{
        type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);

        path->top_type = top->type;

        size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);
        ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, len-1);
}

static void walk_designator(type_path_t *path, const designator_t *designator)
{
        /* designators start at current object type */
        ARR_RESIZE(type_path_entry_t, path->path, 1);

        for( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
                type_path_entry_t *top         = get_type_path_top(path);
                type_t            *orig_type   = top->type;
                type_t            *type        = skip_typeref(orig_type);

                if (designator->symbol != NULL) {
                        assert(is_type_compound(type));
                        size_t    index  = 0;
                        symbol_t *symbol = designator->symbol;

                        declaration_t *declaration = type->compound.declaration;
                        declaration_t *iter        = declaration->scope.declarations;
                        for( ; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next, ++index) {
                                if (iter->symbol == symbol) {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        assert(iter != NULL);

                        top->type           = orig_type;
                        top->compound_entry = iter;
                        top->index          = index;
                        orig_type           = iter->type;
                } else {
                        expression_t *array_index = designator->array_index;
                        assert(designator->array_index != NULL);
                        assert(is_type_array(type));
                        assert(is_type_valid(array_index->base.type));

                        long index = fold_constant(array_index);
                        assert(index >= 0);
#ifndef NDEBUG
                        if (type->array.size_constant == 1) {
                                long array_size = type->array.size;
                                assert(index < array_size);
                        }
#endif

                        top->type  = orig_type;
                        top->index = (size_t) index;
                        orig_type  = type->array.element_type;
                }
                path->top_type = orig_type;

                if (designator->next != NULL) {
                        descend_into_subtype(path);
                }
        }

        path->invalid  = false;
}

static void advance_current_object(type_path_t *path)
{
        if (path->invalid) {
                /* TODO: handle this... */
                panic("invalid initializer in ast2firm (excessive elements)");
                return;
        }

        type_path_entry_t *top = get_type_path_top(path);

        type_t *type = skip_typeref(top->type);
        if (is_type_union(type)) {
                top->compound_entry = NULL;
        } else if (is_type_struct(type)) {
                declaration_t *entry = top->compound_entry;

                top->index++;
                entry               = entry->next;
                top->compound_entry = entry;
                if (entry != NULL) {
                        path->top_type = entry->type;
                        return;
                }
        } else {
                assert(is_type_array(type));

                top->index++;
                if (!type->array.size_constant || top->index < type->array.size) {
                        return;
                }
        }

        /* we're past the last member of the current sub-aggregate, try if we
         * can ascend in the type hierarchy and continue with another subobject */
        size_t len = ARR_LEN(path->path);

        if (len > 1) {
                ascend_from_subtype(path);
                advance_current_object(path);
        } else {
                path->invalid = true;
        }
}


static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
                const initializer_t *initializer, type_t *type);

static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_value(
                const initializer_value_t *initializer)
{
        if (is_type_compound(initializer->value->base.type)) {
                panic("initializer creation for compounds not implemented yet");
        }
        ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer->value);
        return create_initializer_const(value);
}

static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_list(
                const initializer_list_t *initializer, type_t *type)
{
        type_path_t path;
        memset(&path, 0, sizeof(path));
        path.top_type = type;
        path.path     = NEW_ARR_F(type_path_entry_t, 0);

        descend_into_subtype(&path);

        for(size_t i = 0; i < initializer->len; ++i) {
                const initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->initializers[i];

                if (sub_initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR) {
                        walk_designator(&path, sub_initializer->designator.designator);
                        continue;
                }

                if (sub_initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                        /* we might have to descend into types until we're at a scalar
                         * type */
                        while(true) {
                                type_t *orig_top_type = path.top_type;
                                type_t *top_type      = skip_typeref(orig_top_type);

                                if (is_type_scalar(top_type))
                                        break;
                                descend_into_subtype(&path);
                        }
                }

                ir_initializer_t *sub_irinitializer
                        = create_ir_initializer(sub_initializer, path.top_type);

                size_t path_len = ARR_LEN(path.path);
                assert(path_len >= 1);
                type_path_entry_t *entry        = & path.path[path_len-1];
                ir_initializer_t  *tinitializer = entry->initializer;
                set_initializer_compound_value(tinitializer, entry->index,
                                               sub_irinitializer);

                advance_current_object(&path);
        }

        assert(ARR_LEN(path.path) >= 1);
        ir_initializer_t *result = path.path[0].initializer;
        DEL_ARR_F(path.path);

        return result;
}

static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_string(
                const initializer_string_t *initializer, type_t *type)
{
        type = skip_typeref(type);

        size_t            string_len    = initializer->string.size;
        assert(type->kind == TYPE_ARRAY && type->array.size_constant);
        size_t            len           = type->array.size;
        ir_initializer_t *irinitializer = create_initializer_compound(len);

        const char *string = initializer->string.begin;
        ir_mode    *mode   = get_type_mode(ir_type_const_char);

        for(size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                char c = 0;
                if (i < string_len)
                        c = string[i];

                tarval           *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);

                set_initializer_compound_value(irinitializer, i, char_initializer);
        }

        return irinitializer;
}

static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer_wide_string(
                const initializer_wide_string_t *initializer, type_t *type)
{
        size_t            string_len    = initializer->string.size;
        assert(type->kind == TYPE_ARRAY && type->array.size_constant);
        size_t            len           = type->array.size;
        ir_initializer_t *irinitializer = create_initializer_compound(len);

        const wchar_rep_t *string = initializer->string.begin;
        ir_mode           *mode   = get_type_mode(ir_type_wchar_t);

        for(size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                wchar_rep_t c = 0;
                if (i < string_len) {
                        c = string[i];
                }
                tarval *tv = new_tarval_from_long(c, mode);
                ir_initializer_t *char_initializer = create_initializer_tarval(tv);

                set_initializer_compound_value(irinitializer, i, char_initializer);
        }

        return irinitializer;
}

static ir_initializer_t *create_ir_initializer(
                const initializer_t *initializer, type_t *type)
{
        switch(initializer->kind) {
                case INITIALIZER_STRING:
                        return create_ir_initializer_string(&initializer->string, type);

                case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
                        return create_ir_initializer_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string,
                                                                 type);

                case INITIALIZER_LIST:
                        return create_ir_initializer_list(&initializer->list, type);

                case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
                        return create_ir_initializer_value(&initializer->value);

                case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
                        panic("unexpected designator initializer found");
        }
        panic("unknown initializer");
}

static void create_dynamic_null_initializer(ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi,
                ir_node *base_addr)
{
        if (is_atomic_type(type)) {
                ir_mode *mode = get_type_mode(type);
                tarval  *zero = get_mode_null(mode);
                ir_node *cnst = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, zero);

                /* TODO: bitfields */
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
        } else {
                assert(is_compound_type(type));

                int n_members;
                if (is_Array_type(type)) {
                        assert(has_array_upper_bound(type, 0));
                        n_members = get_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0);
                } else {
                        n_members = get_compound_n_members(type);
                }

                for(int i = 0; i < n_members; ++i) {
                        ir_node *addr;
                        ir_type *irtype;
                        if (is_Array_type(type)) {
                                ir_entity *entity   = get_array_element_entity(type);
                                tarval    *index_tv = new_tarval_from_long(i, mode_uint);
                                ir_node   *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, index_tv);
                                ir_node   *in[1]    = { cnst };
                                irtype = get_array_element_type(type);
                                addr   = new_d_Sel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, 1, in, entity);
                        } else {
                                ir_entity *member = get_compound_member(type, i);

                                irtype = get_entity_type(member);
                                addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, member);
                        }

                        create_dynamic_null_initializer(irtype, dbgi, addr);
                }
        }
}

static void create_dynamic_initializer_sub(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                ir_type *type, dbg_info *dbgi, ir_node *base_addr)
{
        switch(get_initializer_kind(initializer)) {
        case IR_INITIALIZER_NULL: {
                create_dynamic_null_initializer(type, dbgi, base_addr);
                return;
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_CONST: {
                ir_node *node = get_initializer_const_value(initializer);
                ir_mode *mode = get_irn_mode(node);
                assert(get_type_mode(type) == mode);

                /* TODO: bitfields... */
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, node);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
                return;
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_TARVAL: {
                tarval  *tv   = get_initializer_tarval_value(initializer);
                ir_mode *mode = get_tarval_mode(tv);
                ir_node *cnst = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode, tv);
                assert(get_type_mode(type) == mode);

                /* TODO: bitfields... */
                ir_node *mem    = get_store();
                ir_node *store  = new_d_Store(dbgi, mem, base_addr, cnst);
                ir_node *proj_m = new_Proj(store, mode_M, pn_Store_M);
                set_store(proj_m);
                return;
        }
        case IR_INITIALIZER_COMPOUND: {
                assert(is_compound_type(type));
                int n_members;
                if (is_Array_type(type)) {
                        assert(has_array_upper_bound(type, 0));
                        n_members = get_array_upper_bound_int(type, 0);
                } else {
                        n_members = get_compound_n_members(type);
                }

                if (get_initializer_compound_n_entries(initializer)
                                != (unsigned) n_members)
                        panic("initializer doesn't match compound type");

                for(int i = 0; i < n_members; ++i) {
                        ir_node *addr;
                        ir_type *irtype;
                        if (is_Array_type(type)) {
                                ir_entity *entity   = get_array_element_entity(type);
                                tarval    *index_tv = new_tarval_from_long(i, mode_uint);
                                ir_node   *cnst     = new_d_Const(dbgi, mode_uint, index_tv);
                                ir_node   *in[1]    = { cnst };
                                irtype = get_array_element_type(type);
                                addr   = new_d_Sel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, 1, in, entity);
                        } else {
                                ir_entity *member = get_compound_member(type, i);

                                irtype = get_entity_type(member);
                                addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), base_addr, member);
                        }

                        ir_initializer_t *sub_init
                                = get_initializer_compound_value(initializer, i);

                        create_dynamic_initializer_sub(sub_init, irtype, dbgi, addr);
                }
                return;
        }
        }

        panic("invalid IR_INITIALIZER found");
}

static void create_dynamic_initializer(ir_initializer_t *initializer,
                dbg_info *dbgi, ir_entity *entity)
{
        ir_node *frame     = get_local_frame(entity);
        ir_node *base_addr = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, new_NoMem(), frame, entity);
        ir_type *type      = get_entity_type(entity);

        create_dynamic_initializer_sub(initializer, type, dbgi, base_addr);
}

static void create_local_initializer(initializer_t *initializer, dbg_info *dbgi,
                                     ir_entity *entity, type_t *type)
{
        ir_node *memory = get_store();
        ir_node *nomem  = new_NoMem();
        ir_node *frame  = get_irg_frame(current_ir_graph);
        ir_node *addr   = new_d_simpleSel(dbgi, nomem, frame, entity);

        if (initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                initializer_value_t *initializer_value = &initializer->value;

                ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer_value->value);
                type = skip_typeref(type);
                assign_value(dbgi, addr, type, value);
                return;
        }

        if (!is_constant_initializer(initializer)) {
                ir_initializer_t *irinitializer
                        = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);

                create_dynamic_initializer(irinitializer, dbgi, entity);
                return;
        }

        /* create the ir_initializer */
        ir_graph *const old_current_ir_graph = current_ir_graph;
        current_ir_graph = get_const_code_irg();

        ir_initializer_t *irinitializer = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);

        assert(current_ir_graph == get_const_code_irg());
        current_ir_graph = old_current_ir_graph;

        /* create a "template" entity which is copied to the entity on the stack */
        ident     *const id          = id_unique("initializer.%u");
        ir_type   *const irtype      = get_ir_type(type);
        ir_type   *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_entity *const init_entity = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);
        set_entity_ld_ident(init_entity, id);

        set_entity_variability(init_entity, variability_initialized);
        set_entity_visibility(init_entity, visibility_local);
        set_entity_allocation(init_entity, allocation_static);

        set_entity_initializer(init_entity, irinitializer);

        ir_node *const src_addr = create_symconst(dbgi, mode_P_data, init_entity);
        ir_node *const copyb    = new_d_CopyB(dbgi, memory, addr, src_addr, irtype);

        ir_node *const copyb_mem = new_Proj(copyb, mode_M, pn_CopyB_M_regular);
        set_store(copyb_mem);
}

static void create_initializer_local_variable_entity(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        initializer_t *initializer = declaration->init.initializer;
        dbg_info      *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        ir_entity     *entity      = declaration->v.entity;
        type_t        *type        = declaration->type;
        create_local_initializer(initializer, dbgi, entity, type);
}

static void create_declaration_initializer(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        initializer_t *initializer = declaration->init.initializer;
        if (initializer == NULL)
                return;

        declaration_kind_t declaration_kind
                = (declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind;
        if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY) {
                create_initializer_local_variable_entity(declaration);
                return;
        }

        type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);

        if (initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                initializer_value_t *initializer_value = &initializer->value;
                dbg_info            *dbgi
                        = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);

                ir_node *value = expression_to_firm(initializer_value->value);
                value = do_strict_conv(dbgi, value);

                if (declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE) {
                        set_value(declaration->v.value_number, value);
                } else {
                        assert(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE);

                        ir_entity *entity = declaration->v.entity;

                        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
                                set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
                        } else {
                                set_entity_variability(entity, variability_initialized);
                        }
                        set_atomic_ent_value(entity, value);
                }
        } else {
                assert(declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY
                                || declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE);

                ir_entity        *entity        = declaration->v.entity;
                ir_initializer_t *irinitializer
                        = create_ir_initializer(initializer, type);

                if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST) {
                        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_constant);
                } else {
                        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_initialized);
                }
                set_entity_initializer(entity, irinitializer);
        }
}

static void create_variable_length_array(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        /* initializers are not allowed for VLAs */
        assert(declaration->init.initializer == NULL);

        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY;
        declaration->v.vla_base       = NULL;

        /* TODO: record VLA somewhere so we create the free node when we leave
         * it's scope */
}

static void allocate_variable_length_array(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        /* initializers are not allowed for VLAs */
        assert(declaration->init.initializer == NULL);
        assert(get_cur_block() != NULL);

        dbg_info *dbgi      = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);
        type_t   *type      = declaration->type;
        ir_type  *el_type   = get_ir_type(type->array.element_type);

        /* make sure size_node is calculated */
        get_type_size(type);
        ir_node  *elems = type->array.size_node;
        ir_node  *mem   = get_store();
        ir_node  *alloc = new_d_Alloc(dbgi, mem, elems, el_type, stack_alloc);

        ir_node  *proj_m = new_d_Proj(dbgi, alloc, mode_M, pn_Alloc_M);
        ir_node  *addr   = new_d_Proj(dbgi, alloc, mode_P_data, pn_Alloc_res);
        set_store(proj_m);

        assert(declaration->declaration_kind
                        == DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY);
        declaration->v.vla_base       = addr;
}

/**
 * Creates a Firm local variable from a declaration.
 */
static void create_local_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);

        bool needs_entity = declaration->address_taken;
        type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);

        /* is it a variable length array? */
        if (is_type_array(type) && !type->array.size_constant) {
                create_variable_length_array(declaration);
                return;
        } else if (is_type_array(type) || is_type_compound(type)) {
                needs_entity = true;
        } else if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                needs_entity = true;
        }

        if (needs_entity) {
                ir_type *frame_type = get_irg_frame_type(current_ir_graph);
                create_declaration_entity(declaration,
                                          DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY,
                                          frame_type);
        } else {
                declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE;
                declaration->v.value_number   = next_value_number_function;
                set_irg_loc_description(current_ir_graph, next_value_number_function, declaration);
                ++next_value_number_function;
        }
}

static void create_local_static_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);

        type_t    *const type        = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
        ir_type   *const global_type = get_glob_type();
        ir_type   *const irtype      = get_ir_type(type);
        dbg_info  *const dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&declaration->source_position);

        size_t l = strlen(declaration->symbol->string);
        char   buf[l + sizeof(".%u")];
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s.%%u", declaration->symbol->string);
        ident     *const id = id_unique(buf);

        ir_entity *const entity      = new_d_entity(global_type, id, irtype, dbgi);

        if (type->base.qualifiers & TYPE_QUALIFIER_VOLATILE) {
                set_entity_volatility(entity, volatility_is_volatile);
        }

        declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE;
        declaration->v.entity         = entity;
        set_entity_ld_ident(entity, create_ld_ident(entity, declaration));
        set_entity_variability(entity, variability_uninitialized);
        set_entity_visibility(entity, visibility_local);
        set_entity_allocation(entity, allocation_static);

        ir_graph *const old_current_ir_graph = current_ir_graph;
        current_ir_graph = get_const_code_irg();

        create_declaration_initializer(declaration);

        assert(current_ir_graph == get_const_code_irg());
        current_ir_graph = old_current_ir_graph;
}



static void return_statement_to_firm(return_statement_t *statement)
{
        if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return;

        dbg_info *dbgi        = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
        ir_type  *func_irtype = get_ir_type(current_function_decl->type);


        ir_node *in[1];
        int      in_len;
        if (get_method_n_ress(func_irtype) > 0) {
                ir_type *res_type = get_method_res_type(func_irtype, 0);

                if (statement->value != NULL) {
                        ir_node *node = expression_to_firm(statement->value);
                        node  = do_strict_conv(dbgi, node);
                        in[0] = node;
                } else {
                        ir_mode *mode;
                        if (is_compound_type(res_type)) {
                                mode = mode_P_data;
                        } else {
                                mode = get_type_mode(res_type);
                        }
                        in[0] = new_Unknown(mode);
                }
                in_len = 1;
        } else {
                /* build return_value for its side effects */
                if (statement->value != NULL) {
                        expression_to_firm(statement->value);
                }
                in_len = 0;
        }

        ir_node  *store = get_store();
        ir_node  *ret   = new_d_Return(dbgi, store, in_len, in);

        ir_node *end_block = get_irg_end_block(current_ir_graph);
        add_immBlock_pred(end_block, ret);

        set_cur_block(NULL);
}

static ir_node *expression_statement_to_firm(expression_statement_t *statement)
{
        if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return NULL;

        return expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
}

static ir_node *compound_statement_to_firm(compound_statement_t *compound)
{
        declaration_t *declaration = compound->scope.declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                create_local_declaration(declaration);
        }

        ir_node     *result    = NULL;
        statement_t *statement = compound->statements;
        for( ; statement != NULL; statement = statement->base.next) {
                if (statement->base.next == NULL
                                && statement->kind == STATEMENT_EXPRESSION) {
                        result = expression_statement_to_firm(
                                        &statement->expression);
                        break;
                }
                statement_to_firm(statement);
        }

        return result;
}

static void create_global_variable(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        ir_visibility  vis;
        ir_type       *var_type;
        switch ((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->storage_class) {
                case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
                        vis = visibility_local;
                        goto global_var;

                case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
                        vis = visibility_external_allocated;
                        goto global_var;

                case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
                        vis = visibility_external_visible;
                        goto global_var;

                case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:
                        vis = visibility_external_visible;
                        goto tls_var;

                case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN:
                        vis = visibility_external_allocated;
                        goto tls_var;

                case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC:
                        vis = visibility_local;
                        goto tls_var;

tls_var:
                        var_type = get_tls_type();
                        goto create_var;

global_var:
                        var_type = get_glob_type();
                        goto create_var;

create_var:
                        create_declaration_entity(declaration,
                                                  DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE,
                                                  var_type);
                        if (!is_type_function(skip_typeref(declaration->type))) {
                                set_entity_visibility(declaration->v.entity, vis);
                        }

                        return;

                case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
                case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
                case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
                case STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY:
                        break;
        }
        panic("Invalid storage class for global variable");
}

static void create_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                return;
        /* construct type */
        (void) get_ir_type(declaration->type);
        if (declaration->symbol == NULL) {
                return;
        }

        type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);

        switch ((storage_class_tag_t) declaration->storage_class) {
        case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
                create_local_static_variable(declaration);
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
                create_global_variable(declaration);
                create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
                if (is_type_function(type)) {
                        if (declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
                                panic("nested functions not supported yet");
                        } else {
                                get_function_entity(declaration);
                        }
                } else {
                        create_local_variable(declaration);
                }
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY:
                /* should already be handled */
                assert(declaration->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY);
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
                declaration->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE;
                return;
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN:
        case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC:
                break;
        }
        panic("invalid storage class found");
}

static void initialize_local_declaration(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        if (declaration->symbol == NULL || declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                return;

        switch ((declaration_kind_t) declaration->declaration_kind) {
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY:
                create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
                return;

        case DECLARATION_KIND_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY:
                allocate_variable_length_array(declaration);
                return;

        case DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_INCOMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_COMPOUND_TYPE_COMPLETE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_FUNCTION:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_TYPE:
        case DECLARATION_KIND_ENUM_ENTRY:
                return;

        case DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN:
                panic("can't initialize unknwon declaration");
        }
        panic("invalid declaration kind");
}

static void declaration_statement_to_firm(declaration_statement_t *statement)
{
        declaration_t *declaration = statement->declarations_begin;
        declaration_t *end         = statement->declarations_end->next;
        for( ; declaration != end; declaration = declaration->next) {
                if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
                initialize_local_declaration(declaration);
        }
}

static void if_statement_to_firm(if_statement_t *statement)
{
        ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();

        ir_node *fallthrough_block = NULL;

        /* the true (blocks) */
        ir_node *true_block = NULL;
        if (statement->true_statement != NULL) {
                true_block = new_immBlock();
                statement_to_firm(statement->true_statement);
                if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
                        if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
                                fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        add_immBlock_pred(fallthrough_block, jmp);
                }
        }

        /* the false (blocks) */
        ir_node *false_block = NULL;
        if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
                false_block = new_immBlock();

                statement_to_firm(statement->false_statement);
                if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
                        if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
                                fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        add_immBlock_pred(fallthrough_block, jmp);
                }
        }

        /* create the condition */
        if (cur_block != NULL) {
                if (true_block == NULL || false_block == NULL) {
                        if (fallthrough_block == NULL)
                                fallthrough_block = new_immBlock();
                        if (true_block == NULL)
                                true_block = fallthrough_block;
                        if (false_block == NULL)
                                false_block = fallthrough_block;
                }

                set_cur_block(cur_block);
                create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, true_block,
                                            false_block);
        }

        mature_immBlock(true_block);
        if (false_block != fallthrough_block) {
                mature_immBlock(false_block);
        }
        if (fallthrough_block != NULL) {
                mature_immBlock(fallthrough_block);
        }

        set_cur_block(fallthrough_block);
}

static void while_statement_to_firm(while_statement_t *statement)
{
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;
        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }

        /* create the header block */
        ir_node *header_block = new_immBlock();
        if (jmp != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(header_block, jmp);
        }

        /* the loop body */
        ir_node *old_continue_label = continue_label;
        ir_node *old_break_label    = break_label;
        continue_label              = header_block;
        break_label                 = NULL;

        ir_node *body_block = new_immBlock();
        statement_to_firm(statement->body);
        ir_node *false_block = break_label;

        assert(continue_label == header_block);
        continue_label = old_continue_label;
        break_label    = old_break_label;

        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(header_block, jmp);
        }

        /* shortcut for while(true) */
        if (is_constant_expression(statement->condition)
                        && fold_constant(statement->condition) != 0) {
                set_cur_block(header_block);
                ir_node *header_jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(body_block, header_jmp);

                keep_alive(body_block);
        } else {
                if (false_block == NULL) {
                        false_block = new_immBlock();
                }

                /* create the condition */
                set_cur_block(header_block);

                create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, body_block,
                                            false_block);
        }

        mature_immBlock(body_block);
        mature_immBlock(header_block);
        if (false_block != NULL) {
                mature_immBlock(false_block);
        }

        set_cur_block(false_block);
}

static void do_while_statement_to_firm(do_while_statement_t *statement)
{
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;
        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }

        /* create the header block */
        ir_node *header_block = new_immBlock();

        /* the loop body */
        ir_node *body_block = new_immBlock();
        if (jmp != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(body_block, jmp);
        }

        ir_node *old_continue_label = continue_label;
        ir_node *old_break_label    = break_label;
        continue_label              = header_block;
        break_label                 = NULL;

        statement_to_firm(statement->body);
        ir_node *false_block = break_label;

        assert(continue_label == header_block);
        continue_label = old_continue_label;
        break_label    = old_break_label;

        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                ir_node *body_jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(header_block, body_jmp);
                mature_immBlock(header_block);
        }

        if (false_block == NULL) {
                false_block = new_immBlock();
        }

        /* create the condition */
        set_cur_block(header_block);

        create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, body_block, false_block);
        mature_immBlock(body_block);
        mature_immBlock(header_block);
        if (false_block != NULL) {
                mature_immBlock(false_block);
        }

        set_cur_block(false_block);
}

static void for_statement_to_firm(for_statement_t *statement)
{
        ir_node *jmp = NULL;

        /* create declarations */
        declaration_t *declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                create_local_declaration(declaration);
        }
        declaration = statement->scope.declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                initialize_local_declaration(declaration);
        }

        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
                        expression_to_firm(statement->initialisation);
                }

                jmp = new_Jmp();
        }


        /* create the step block */
        ir_node *const step_block = new_immBlock();
        if (statement->step != NULL) {
                expression_to_firm(statement->step);
        }
        ir_node *const step_jmp = new_Jmp();

        /* create the header block */
        ir_node *const header_block = new_immBlock();
        if (jmp != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(header_block, jmp);
        }
        add_immBlock_pred(header_block, step_jmp);

        /* the false block */
        ir_node *const false_block = new_immBlock();

        /* the loop body */
        ir_node * body_block;
        if (statement->body != NULL) {
                ir_node *const old_continue_label = continue_label;
                ir_node *const old_break_label    = break_label;
                continue_label = step_block;
                break_label    = false_block;

                body_block = new_immBlock();
                statement_to_firm(statement->body);

                assert(continue_label == step_block);
                assert(break_label    == false_block);
                continue_label = old_continue_label;
                break_label    = old_break_label;

                if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                        jmp = new_Jmp();
                        add_immBlock_pred(step_block, jmp);
                }
        } else {
                body_block = step_block;
        }

        /* create the condition */
        set_cur_block(header_block);
        if (statement->condition != NULL) {
                create_condition_evaluation(statement->condition, body_block,
                                            false_block);
        } else {
                keep_alive(header_block);
                jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(body_block, jmp);
        }

        mature_immBlock(body_block);
        mature_immBlock(false_block);
        mature_immBlock(step_block);
        mature_immBlock(header_block);
        mature_immBlock(false_block);

        set_cur_block(false_block);
}

static void create_jump_statement(const statement_t *statement,
                                  ir_node *target_block)
{
        if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return;

        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);
        ir_node  *jump = new_d_Jmp(dbgi);
        add_immBlock_pred(target_block, jump);

        set_cur_block(NULL);
}

static ir_node *get_break_label(void)
{
        if (break_label == NULL) {
                ir_node *cur_block = get_cur_block();
                break_label = new_immBlock();
                set_cur_block(cur_block);
        }
        return break_label;
}

static void switch_statement_to_firm(const switch_statement_t *statement)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);

        ir_node *expression  = expression_to_firm(statement->expression);
        ir_node *cond        = new_d_Cond(dbgi, expression);

        set_cur_block(NULL);

        ir_node *const old_switch_cond       = current_switch_cond;
        ir_node *const old_break_label       = break_label;
        const bool     old_saw_default_label = saw_default_label;
        saw_default_label                    = false;
        current_switch_cond                  = cond;
        break_label                          = NULL;

        if (statement->body != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->body);
        }

        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), jmp);
        }

        if (!saw_default_label) {
                set_cur_block(get_nodes_block(cond));
                ir_node *const proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, cond,
                                                        MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER);
                add_immBlock_pred(get_break_label(), proj);
        }

        if (break_label != NULL) {
                mature_immBlock(break_label);
        }
        set_cur_block(break_label);

        assert(current_switch_cond == cond);
        current_switch_cond = old_switch_cond;
        break_label         = old_break_label;
        saw_default_label   = old_saw_default_label;
}

static void case_label_to_firm(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
{
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);

        ir_node *const fallthrough = (get_cur_block() == NULL ? NULL : new_Jmp());

        /* let's create a node and hope firm constant folding creates a Const
         * node... */
        ir_node *proj;
        ir_node *old_block = get_nodes_block(current_switch_cond);
        ir_node *block     = new_immBlock();

        set_cur_block(old_block);
        if (statement->expression != NULL) {
                long start_pn = fold_constant(statement->expression);
                long end_pn = start_pn;
                if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
                        end_pn = fold_constant(statement->end_range);
                }
                assert(start_pn <= end_pn);
                /* create jumps for all cases in the given range */
                for (long pn = start_pn; pn <= end_pn; ++pn) {
                        if (pn == MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER) {
                                /* oops someone detected our cheating... */
                                panic("magic default pn used");
                        }
                        proj = new_d_Proj(dbgi, current_switch_cond, mode_X, pn);
                        add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
                }
        } else {
                saw_default_label = true;
                proj = new_d_defaultProj(dbgi, current_switch_cond,
                                         MAGIC_DEFAULT_PN_NUMBER);

                add_immBlock_pred(block, proj);
        }

        if (fallthrough != NULL) {
                add_immBlock_pred(block, fallthrough);
        }
        mature_immBlock(block);
        set_cur_block(block);

        if (statement->statement != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->statement);
        }
}

static ir_node *get_label_block(declaration_t *label)
{
        assert(label->namespc == NAMESPACE_LABEL);

        if (label->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK) {
                return label->v.block;
        }
        assert(label->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);

        ir_node *old_cur_block = get_cur_block();
        ir_node *block         = new_immBlock();
        set_cur_block(old_cur_block);

        label->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_LABEL_BLOCK;
        label->v.block          = block;

        ARR_APP1(ir_node *, imature_blocks, block);

        return block;
}

static void label_to_firm(const label_statement_t *statement)
{
        ir_node *block = get_label_block(statement->label);

        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                ir_node *jmp = new_Jmp();
                add_immBlock_pred(block, jmp);
        }

        set_cur_block(block);
        keep_alive(block);

        if (statement->statement != NULL) {
                statement_to_firm(statement->statement);
        }
}

static void goto_to_firm(const goto_statement_t *statement)
{
        if (get_cur_block() == NULL)
                return;

        ir_node *block = get_label_block(statement->label);
        ir_node *jmp   = new_Jmp();
        add_immBlock_pred(block, jmp);

        set_cur_block(NULL);
}

static void asm_statement_to_firm(const asm_statement_t *statement)
{
        bool needs_memory = false;

        if (statement->is_volatile) {
                needs_memory = true;
        }

        size_t         n_clobbers = 0;
        asm_clobber_t *clobber    = statement->clobbers;
        for( ; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
                const char *clobber_str = clobber->clobber.begin;

                if (!be_is_valid_clobber(clobber_str)) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                                   "invalid clobber '%s' specified", clobber->clobber);
                        continue;
                }

                if (strcmp(clobber_str, "memory") == 0) {
                        needs_memory = true;
                        continue;
                }

                ident *id = new_id_from_str(clobber_str);
                obstack_ptr_grow(&asm_obst, id);
                ++n_clobbers;
        }
        assert(obstack_object_size(&asm_obst) == n_clobbers * sizeof(ident*));
        ident **clobbers = NULL;
        if (n_clobbers > 0) {
                clobbers = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);
        }

        size_t n_inputs  = 0;
        asm_argument_t *argument = statement->inputs;
        for ( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next)
                n_inputs++;
        size_t n_outputs = 0;
        argument = statement->outputs;
        for ( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next)
                n_outputs++;

        unsigned next_pos = 0;

        ir_node *ins[n_inputs + n_outputs + 1];
        size_t   in_size = 0;

        ir_asm_constraint *tmp_in_constraints
                = xmalloc(n_outputs * sizeof(tmp_in_constraints[0]));

        const expression_t *out_exprs[n_outputs];
        ir_node            *out_addrs[n_outputs];
        size_t              out_size = 0;

        argument = statement->outputs;
        for ( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
                const char *constraints = argument->constraints.begin;
                asm_constraint_flags_t asm_flags
                        = be_parse_asm_constraints(constraints);

                if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_NO_SUPPORT) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "some constraints in '%s' are not supported", constraints);
                        continue;
                }
                if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_INVALID) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "some constraints in '%s' are invalid", constraints);
                        continue;
                }
                if (! (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_MODIFIER_WRITE)) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "no write flag specified for output constraints '%s'",
                               constraints);
                        continue;
                }

                unsigned pos = next_pos++;
                if ( (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE)
                                || (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER) ) {
                        expression_t *expr = argument->expression;
                        ir_node      *addr = expression_to_addr(expr);
                        /* in+output, construct an artifical same_as constraint on the
                         * input */
                        if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_MODIFIER_READ) {
                                char     buf[64];
                                ir_node *value = get_value_from_lvalue(expr, addr);

                                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", pos);

                                ir_asm_constraint constraint;
                                constraint.pos              = pos;
                                constraint.constraint       = new_id_from_str(buf);
                                constraint.mode             = get_ir_mode(expr->base.type);
                                tmp_in_constraints[in_size] = constraint;
                                ins[in_size] = value;

                                ++in_size;
                        }

                        out_exprs[out_size] = expr;
                        out_addrs[out_size] = addr;
                        ++out_size;
                } else if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_MEMOP) {
                        /* pure memory ops need no input (but we have to make sure we
                         * attach to the memory) */
                        assert(! (asm_flags &
                                                (ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE
                                                 | ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER)));
                        needs_memory = true;

                        /* we need to attach the address to the inputs */
                        expression_t *expr = argument->expression;

                        ir_asm_constraint constraint;
                        constraint.pos              = pos;
                        constraint.constraint       = new_id_from_str(constraints);
                        constraint.mode             = NULL;
                        tmp_in_constraints[in_size] = constraint;

                        ins[in_size]          = expression_to_addr(expr);
                        ++in_size;
                        continue;
                } else {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "only modifiers but no place set in constraints '%s'",
                               constraints);
                        continue;
                }

                ir_asm_constraint constraint;
                constraint.pos        = pos;
                constraint.constraint = new_id_from_str(constraints);
                constraint.mode       = get_ir_mode(argument->expression->base.type);

                obstack_grow(&asm_obst, &constraint, sizeof(constraint));
        }
        assert(obstack_object_size(&asm_obst)
                        == out_size * sizeof(ir_asm_constraint));
        ir_asm_constraint *output_constraints = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);


        obstack_grow(&asm_obst, tmp_in_constraints,
                     in_size * sizeof(tmp_in_constraints[0]));
        free(tmp_in_constraints);
        /* find and count input and output arguments */
        argument = statement->inputs;
        for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
                const char *constraints = argument->constraints.begin;
                asm_constraint_flags_t asm_flags
                        = be_parse_asm_constraints(constraints);

                if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_NO_SUPPORT) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "some constraints in '%s' are not supported", constraints);
                        continue;
                }
                if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_INVALID) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "some constraints in '%s' are invalid", constraints);
                        continue;
                }
                if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_MODIFIER_WRITE) {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "write flag specified for input constraints '%s'",
                               constraints);
                        continue;
                }

                ir_node *input;
                if ( (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE)
                                || (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER) ) {
                        /* we can treat this as "normal" input */
                        input = expression_to_firm(argument->expression);
                } else if (asm_flags & ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_MEMOP) {
                        /* pure memory ops need no input (but we have to make sure we
                         * attach to the memory) */
                        assert(! (asm_flags &
                                                (ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_IMMEDIATE
                                                 | ASM_CONSTRAINT_FLAG_SUPPORTS_REGISTER)));
                        needs_memory = true;
                        input = expression_to_addr(argument->expression);
                } else {
                        errorf(&statement->base.source_position,
                               "only modifiers but no place set in constraints '%s'",
                               constraints);
                        continue;
                }

                ir_asm_constraint constraint;
                constraint.pos        = next_pos++;
                constraint.constraint = new_id_from_str(constraints);
                constraint.mode       = get_irn_mode(input);

                obstack_grow(&asm_obst, &constraint, sizeof(constraint));
                ins[in_size++] = input;
        }

        if (needs_memory) {
                ir_asm_constraint constraint;
                constraint.pos        = next_pos++;
                constraint.constraint = new_id_from_str("");
                constraint.mode       = mode_M;

                obstack_grow(&asm_obst, &constraint, sizeof(constraint));
                ins[in_size++] = get_store();
        }

        assert(obstack_object_size(&asm_obst)
                        == in_size * sizeof(ir_asm_constraint));
        ir_asm_constraint *input_constraints = obstack_finish(&asm_obst);

        /* create asm node */
        dbg_info *dbgi = get_dbg_info(&statement->base.source_position);

        ident *asm_text = new_id_from_str(statement->asm_text.begin);

        ir_node *node = new_d_ASM(dbgi, in_size, ins, input_constraints,
                                  out_size, output_constraints,
                                  n_clobbers, clobbers, asm_text);

        if (statement->is_volatile) {
                set_irn_pinned(node, op_pin_state_pinned);
        } else {
                set_irn_pinned(node, op_pin_state_floats);
        }

        /* create output projs & connect them */
        size_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < out_size; ++i) {
                const expression_t *out_expr = out_exprs[i];
                long                pn       = i;
                ir_mode            *mode     = get_ir_mode(out_expr->base.type);
                ir_node            *proj     = new_Proj(node, mode, pn);
                ir_node            *addr     = out_addrs[i];

                set_value_for_expression_addr(out_expr, proj, addr);
        }
        if (needs_memory) {
                ir_node *projm = new_Proj(node, mode_M, i);
                set_store(projm);
        }
}

static void     ms_try_statement_to_firm(ms_try_statement_t *statement) {
        statement_to_firm(statement->try_statement);
        warningf(&statement->base.source_position, "structured exception handling ignored");
}

static void     leave_statement_to_firm(leave_statement_t *statement) {
        errorf(&statement->base.source_position, "__leave not supported yet");
}

/**
 * Transform a statement.
 */
static void statement_to_firm(statement_t *statement)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
        assert(!statement->base.transformed);
        statement->base.transformed = true;
#endif

        switch(statement->kind) {
        case STATEMENT_INVALID:
                panic("invalid statement found");
                return;
        case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
                /* nothing */
                return;
        case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
                compound_statement_to_firm(&statement->compound);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_RETURN:
                return_statement_to_firm(&statement->returns);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
                expression_statement_to_firm(&statement->expression);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_IF:
                if_statement_to_firm(&statement->ifs);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_WHILE:
                while_statement_to_firm(&statement->whiles);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
                do_while_statement_to_firm(&statement->do_while);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
                declaration_statement_to_firm(&statement->declaration);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_BREAK:
                create_jump_statement(statement, get_break_label());
                return;
        case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
                create_jump_statement(statement, continue_label);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
                switch_statement_to_firm(&statement->switchs);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
                case_label_to_firm(&statement->case_label);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_FOR:
                for_statement_to_firm(&statement->fors);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_LABEL:
                label_to_firm(&statement->label);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_GOTO:
                goto_to_firm(&statement->gotos);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_ASM:
                asm_statement_to_firm(&statement->asms);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
                ms_try_statement_to_firm(&statement->ms_try);
                return;
        case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
                leave_statement_to_firm(&statement->leave);
                return;
        }
        panic("Statement not implemented\n");
}

static int count_decls_in_expression(const expression_t *expression);

static int count_local_declarations(const declaration_t *      decl,
                                    const declaration_t *const end)
{
        int count = 0;
        for (; decl != end; decl = decl->next) {
                if (decl->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
                const type_t *type = skip_typeref(decl->type);
                if (!decl->address_taken && is_type_scalar(type))
                        ++count;
                const initializer_t *initializer = decl->init.initializer;
                /* FIXME: should walk initializer hierarchies... */
                if (initializer != NULL && initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_VALUE) {
                        count += count_decls_in_expression(initializer->value.value);
                }
        }
        return count;
}

static int count_decls_in_expression(const expression_t *expression) {
        int count = 0;

        if (expression == NULL)
                return 0;

        switch((expression_kind_t) expression->base.kind) {
        case EXPR_STATEMENT:
                return count_decls_in_stmts(expression->statement.statement);
        EXPR_BINARY_CASES {
                int count_left  = count_decls_in_expression(expression->binary.left);
                int count_right = count_decls_in_expression(expression->binary.right);
                return count_left + count_right;
        }
        EXPR_UNARY_CASES
                return count_decls_in_expression(expression->unary.value);
        case EXPR_CALL: {
                call_argument_t *argument = expression->call.arguments;
                for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
                        count += count_decls_in_expression(argument->expression);
                }
                return count;
        }

        case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
        case EXPR_INVALID:
                panic("unexpected expression kind");

        case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
                /* TODO... */
                break;

        case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->conditional.condition);
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->conditional.true_expression);
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
                return count;

        case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_prefetch.adr);
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_prefetch.rw);
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_prefetch.locality);
                return count;

        case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->builtin_constant.value);
                return count;

        case EXPR_SELECT:
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->select.compound);
                return count;

        case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->array_access.array_ref);
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->array_access.index);
                return count;

        case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
                count += count_decls_in_expression(expression->classify_type.type_expression);
                return count;

        case EXPR_SIZEOF:
        case EXPR_ALIGNOF: {
                expression_t *tp_expression = expression->typeprop.tp_expression;
                if (tp_expression != NULL) {
                        count += count_decls_in_expression(tp_expression);
                }
                return count;
        }

        case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
        case EXPR_REFERENCE:
        case EXPR_CONST:
        case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
        case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
        case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
        case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
        case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
        case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
        case EXPR_VA_START:
        case EXPR_VA_ARG:
                break;
        }

        /* TODO FIXME: finish/fix that firm patch that allows dynamic value numbers
         * (or implement all the missing expressions here/implement a walker)
         */

        return 0;
}

static int count_decls_in_stmts(const statement_t *stmt)
{
        int count = 0;
        for (; stmt != NULL; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
                switch (stmt->kind) {
                        case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
                                break;

                        case STATEMENT_DECLARATION: {
                                const declaration_statement_t *const decl_stmt = &stmt->declaration;
                                count += count_local_declarations(decl_stmt->declarations_begin,
                                                                  decl_stmt->declarations_end->next);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_COMPOUND: {
                                const compound_statement_t *const comp =
                                        &stmt->compound;
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(comp->statements);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_IF: {
                                const if_statement_t *const if_stmt = &stmt->ifs;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(if_stmt->condition);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(if_stmt->true_statement);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(if_stmt->false_statement);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_SWITCH: {
                                const switch_statement_t *const switch_stmt = &stmt->switchs;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(switch_stmt->expression);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(switch_stmt->body);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_LABEL: {
                                const label_statement_t *const label_stmt = &stmt->label;
                                if (label_stmt->statement != NULL) {
                                        count += count_decls_in_stmts(label_stmt->statement);
                                }
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_WHILE: {
                                const while_statement_t *const while_stmt = &stmt->whiles;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(while_stmt->condition);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(while_stmt->body);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE: {
                                const do_while_statement_t *const do_while_stmt = &stmt->do_while;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(do_while_stmt->condition);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(do_while_stmt->body);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_FOR: {
                                const for_statement_t *const for_stmt = &stmt->fors;
                                count += count_local_declarations(for_stmt->scope.declarations, NULL);
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(for_stmt->initialisation);
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(for_stmt->condition);
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(for_stmt->step);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(for_stmt->body);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL: {
                                const case_label_statement_t *label = &stmt->case_label;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(label->expression);
                                if (label->statement != NULL) {
                                        count += count_decls_in_stmts(label->statement);
                                }
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_ASM:
                        case STATEMENT_BREAK:
                        case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
                                break;

                        case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION: {
                                const expression_statement_t *expr_stmt = &stmt->expression;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(expr_stmt->expression);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_GOTO:
                        case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
                        case STATEMENT_INVALID:
                                break;

                        case STATEMENT_RETURN: {
                                const return_statement_t *ret_stmt = &stmt->returns;
                                count += count_decls_in_expression(ret_stmt->value);
                                break;
                        }

                        case STATEMENT_MS_TRY: {
                                const ms_try_statement_t *const try_stmt = &stmt->ms_try;
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(try_stmt->try_statement);
                                if (try_stmt->except_expression != NULL)
                                        count += count_decls_in_expression(try_stmt->except_expression);
                                count += count_decls_in_stmts(try_stmt->final_statement);
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
        return count;
}

static int get_function_n_local_vars(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        int count = 0;

        /* count parameters */
        count += count_local_declarations(declaration->scope.declarations, NULL);

        /* count local variables declared in body */
        count += count_decls_in_stmts(declaration->init.statement);

        return count;
}

static void initialize_function_parameters(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        ir_graph        *irg             = current_ir_graph;
        ir_node         *args            = get_irg_args(irg);
        ir_node         *start_block     = get_irg_start_block(irg);
        ir_type         *function_irtype = get_ir_type(declaration->type);

        int            n         = 0;
        declaration_t *parameter = declaration->scope.declarations;
        for( ; parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next, ++n) {
                assert(parameter->declaration_kind == DECLARATION_KIND_UNKNOWN);
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(parameter->type);

                bool needs_entity = parameter->address_taken;
                assert(!is_type_array(type));
                if (is_type_compound(type)) {
                        needs_entity = true;
                }

                if (needs_entity) {
                        ir_entity *entity = get_method_value_param_ent(function_irtype, n);
                        ident     *id     = new_id_from_str(parameter->symbol->string);
                        set_entity_ident(entity, id);

                        parameter->declaration_kind
                                = DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE_ENTITY;
                        parameter->v.entity = entity;
                        continue;
                }

                ir_type *param_irtype = get_method_param_type(function_irtype, n);
                ir_mode *param_mode   = get_type_mode(param_irtype);

                long     pn    = n;
                ir_node *value = new_r_Proj(irg, start_block, args, param_mode, pn);

                ir_mode *mode = get_ir_mode(parameter->type);
                value = create_conv(NULL, value, mode);
                value = do_strict_conv(NULL, value);

                parameter->declaration_kind = DECLARATION_KIND_LOCAL_VARIABLE;
                parameter->v.value_number   = next_value_number_function;
                set_irg_loc_description(current_ir_graph, next_value_number_function, parameter);
                ++next_value_number_function;

                set_value(parameter->v.value_number, value);
        }
}

/**
 * Handle additional decl modifiers for IR-graphs
 *
 * @param irg            the IR-graph
 * @param dec_modifiers  additional modifiers
 */
static void handle_decl_modifier_irg(ir_graph_ptr irg, decl_modifiers_t decl_modifiers)
{
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes the Microsoft
                   __declspec(noreturn) specifier. */
                set_irg_additional_property(irg, mtp_property_noreturn);
        }
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes the Microsoft
                   __declspec(nothrow) specifier. */
                set_irg_additional_property(irg, mtp_property_nothrow);
        }
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes the Microsoft
                   __declspec(naked) specifier. */
                set_irg_additional_property(irg, mtp_property_naked);
        }
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes the
                   Microsoft __forceinline specifier. */
                set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_forced);
        }
        if (decl_modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
                /* TRUE if the declaration includes the Microsoft
                   __declspec(noinline) specifier. */
                set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_forbidden);
        }
}

static void add_function_pointer(ir_type *segment, ir_entity *method,
                                 const char *unique_template)
{
        ir_type   *method_type  = get_entity_type(method);
        ident     *id           = id_unique(unique_template);
        ir_type   *ptr_type     = new_type_pointer(id, method_type, mode_P_code);

        ident     *ide          = id_unique(unique_template);
        ir_entity *ptr          = new_entity(segment, ide, ptr_type);
        ir_graph  *irg          = get_const_code_irg();
        ir_node   *val          = new_rd_SymConst_addr_ent(NULL, irg, mode_P_code,
                                                           method, NULL);

        set_entity_compiler_generated(ptr, 1);
        set_entity_variability(ptr, variability_constant);
        set_atomic_ent_value(ptr, val);
}

/**
 * Create code for a function.
 */
static void create_function(declaration_t *declaration)
{
        ir_entity *function_entity = get_function_entity(declaration);

        if (declaration->init.statement == NULL)
                return;

        if (declaration->modifiers & DM_CONSTRUCTOR) {
                ir_type *segment = get_segment_type(IR_SEGMENT_CONSTRUCTORS);
                add_function_pointer(segment, function_entity, "constructor_ptr.%u");
        }
        if (declaration->modifiers & DM_DESTRUCTOR) {
                ir_type *segment = get_segment_type(IR_SEGMENT_DESTRUCTORS);
                add_function_pointer(segment, function_entity, "destructor_ptr.%u");
        }

        current_function_decl = declaration;
        current_function_name = NULL;
        current_funcsig       = NULL;

        assert(imature_blocks == NULL);
        imature_blocks = NEW_ARR_F(ir_node*, 0);

        int       n_local_vars = get_function_n_local_vars(declaration);
        ir_graph *irg          = new_ir_graph(function_entity, n_local_vars);

        set_irg_fp_model(irg, firm_opt.fp_model);
        tarval_enable_fp_ops((firm_opt.fp_model & fp_strict_algebraic) == 0);
        set_irn_dbg_info(get_irg_start_block(irg), get_entity_dbg_info(function_entity));

        ir_node *first_block = get_cur_block();

        /* set inline flags */
        if (declaration->is_inline)
                set_irg_inline_property(irg, irg_inline_recomended);
        handle_decl_modifier_irg(irg, declaration->modifiers);

        next_value_number_function = 0;
        initialize_function_parameters(declaration);

        statement_to_firm(declaration->init.statement);

        ir_node *end_block = get_irg_end_block(irg);

        /* do we have a return statement yet? */
        if (get_cur_block() != NULL) {
                type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
                assert(is_type_function(type));
                const function_type_t *func_type   = &type->function;
                const type_t          *return_type
                        = skip_typeref(func_type->return_type);

                ir_node *ret;
                if (is_type_atomic(return_type, ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID)) {
                        ret = new_Return(get_store(), 0, NULL);
                } else {
                        ir_mode *mode;
                        if (is_type_scalar(return_type)) {
                                mode = get_ir_mode(func_type->return_type);
                        } else {
                                mode = mode_P_data;
                        }

                        ir_node *in[1];
                        /* §5.1.2.2.3 main implicitly returns 0 */
                        if (strcmp(declaration->symbol->string, "main") == 0) {
                                in[0] = new_Const(mode, get_mode_null(mode));
                        } else {
                                in[0] = new_Unknown(mode);
                                if (warning.return_type) {
                                        warningf(&declaration->source_position,
                                                "missing return statement at end of non-void function '%Y'",
                                                declaration->symbol);
                                }
                        }
                        ret = new_Return(get_store(), 1, in);
                }
                add_immBlock_pred(end_block, ret);
        }

        for(int i = 0; i < ARR_LEN(imature_blocks); ++i) {
                mature_immBlock(imature_blocks[i]);
        }
        DEL_ARR_F(imature_blocks);
        imature_blocks = NULL;

        mature_immBlock(first_block);
        mature_immBlock(end_block);

        irg_finalize_cons(irg);

        /* finalize the frame type */
        ir_type *frame_type = get_irg_frame_type(irg);
        int      n          = get_compound_n_members(frame_type);
        int      align_all  = 4;
        int      offset     = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                ir_entity *entity      = get_compound_member(frame_type, i);
                ir_type   *entity_type = get_entity_type(entity);

                int align = get_type_alignment_bytes(entity_type);
                if (align > align_all)
                        align_all = align;
                int misalign = 0;
                if (align > 0) {
                        misalign  = offset % align;
                        if (misalign > 0) {
                                offset += align - misalign;
                        }
                }

                set_entity_offset(entity, offset);
                offset += get_type_size_bytes(entity_type);
        }
        set_type_size_bytes(frame_type, offset);
        set_type_alignment_bytes(frame_type, align_all);

        irg_vrfy(irg);
}

static void scope_to_firm(scope_t *scope)
{
        /* first pass: create declarations */
        declaration_t *declaration = scope->declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
                if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY
                                || declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
                        continue;
                if (declaration->symbol == NULL)
                        continue;

                type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
                if (is_type_function(type)) {
                        get_function_entity(declaration);
                } else {
                        create_global_variable(declaration);
                }
        }

        /* second pass: create code/initializers */
        declaration = scope->declarations;
        for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
                if (declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL)
                        continue;
                if (declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY
                                || declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF)
                        continue;
                if (declaration->symbol == NULL)
                        continue;

                type_t *type = declaration->type;
                if (type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
                        create_function(declaration);
                } else {
                        assert(declaration->declaration_kind
                                        == DECLARATION_KIND_GLOBAL_VARIABLE);
                        current_ir_graph = get_const_code_irg();
                        create_declaration_initializer(declaration);
                }
        }
}

void init_ast2firm(void)
{
        obstack_init(&asm_obst);
        init_atomic_modes();

        id_underscore = new_id_from_chars("_", 1);
        id_imp        = new_id_from_chars("__imp_", 6);

        /* OS option must be set to the backend */
        const char *s = "ia32-gasmode=linux";
        switch (firm_opt.os_support) {
        case OS_SUPPORT_MINGW:
                create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_win32;
                s = "ia32-gasmode=mingw";
                break;
        case OS_SUPPORT_LINUX:
                create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_linux_elf;
                s = "ia32-gasmode=elf";
                break;
        case OS_SUPPORT_MACHO:
                create_ld_ident = create_ld_ident_macho;
                s = "ia32-gasmode=macho";
                break;
        }
        int res = firm_be_option(s);
        (void) res;
        assert(res);

        /* create idents for all known runtime functions */
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rts_data) / sizeof(rts_data[0]); ++i) {
                rts_idents[i] = new_id_from_str(rts_data[i].name);
        }

        entitymap_init(&entitymap);
}

static void init_ir_types(void)
{
        static int ir_types_initialized = 0;
        if (ir_types_initialized)
                return;
        ir_types_initialized = 1;

        type_const_char = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_CHAR, TYPE_QUALIFIER_CONST);
        type_void       = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_VOID, TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);
        type_int        = make_atomic_type(ATOMIC_TYPE_INT,  TYPE_QUALIFIER_NONE);

        ir_type_int        = get_ir_type(type_int);
        ir_type_const_char = get_ir_type(type_const_char);
        ir_type_wchar_t    = get_ir_type(type_wchar_t);
        ir_type_void       = get_ir_type(type_void);
}

void exit_ast2firm(void)
{
        entitymap_destroy(&entitymap);
        obstack_free(&asm_obst, NULL);
}

void translation_unit_to_firm(translation_unit_t *unit)
{
        /* just to be sure */
        continue_label      = NULL;
        break_label         = NULL;
        current_switch_cond = NULL;

        init_ir_types();

        scope_to_firm(&unit->scope);
}