nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28
  29 #include <assert.h>
  30 #include <stdio.h>
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #include <ctype.h>
  33
  34 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  35 #include <mathimf.h>
  36 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  37 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  38 #else
  39 #include <math.h>
  40 #endif
  41
  42 #include "adt/error.h"
  43
  44 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  45
  46 static FILE *out;
  47 static int   indent;
  48
  49 /** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
  50 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  51
  52 /** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
  53 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  54
  55 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  56 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  57
  58 void change_indent(int delta)
  59 {
  60         indent += delta;
  61         assert(indent >= 0);
  62 }
  63
  64 void print_indent(void)
  65 {
  66         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  67                 fputc('\t', out);
  68 }
  69
  70 /**
  71  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  72  * associativity, else 0.
  73  *
  74  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  75  */
  76 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  77 {
  78         switch (precedence) {
  79                 case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  80                 case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  81                 case PREC_UNARY:
  82                         return 1;
  83
  84                 default:
  85                         return 0;
  86         }
  87 }
  88
  89 /**
  90  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  91  *
  92  * @param kind   the expression kind
  93  */
  94 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  95 {
  96         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  97                 [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
  98                 [EXPR_INVALID]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_CONST]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 104                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]          = PREC_UNARY,
 107                 [EXPR_CALL]                      = PREC_POSTFIX,
 108                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]               = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 109                 [EXPR_SELECT]                    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 110                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]              = PREC_POSTFIX,
 111                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 112                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]             = PREC_UNARY,
 113                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                   = PREC_UNARY,
 114
 115                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_VA_START]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124
 125                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]      = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]         = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]        = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]   = PREC_POSTFIX,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]   = PREC_POSTFIX,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]       = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]        = PREC_UNARY,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]               = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 141
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]              = PREC_EQUALITY,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]           = PREC_EQUALITY,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]               = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]          = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]            = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]       = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]        = PREC_AND,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]         = PREC_OR,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]        = PREC_XOR,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]        = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]         = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]         = PREC_SHIFT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]             = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]              = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 172
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]        = PREC_PRIMARY
 179         };
 180         assert((unsigned)kind < (sizeof(prec)/sizeof(prec[0])));
 181         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 182
 183         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 184         return res;
 185 }
 186
 187 /**
 188  * Print a constant expression.
 189  *
 190  * @param cnst  the constant expression
 191  */
 192 static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 193 {
 194         if (cnst->base.type == NULL)
 195                 return;
 196
 197         const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
 198
 199         if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)) {
 200                 fputs(cnst->v.int_value ? "true" : "false", out);
 201         } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
 202                 fprintf(out, "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
 203         } else if (is_type_float(type)) {
 204                 long double const val = cnst->v.float_value;
 205 #ifdef _WIN32
 206                 /* ARG, no way to print long double */
 207                 fprintf(out, "%.20g", (double)val);
 208 #else
 209                 fprintf(out, "%.20Lg", val);
 210 #endif
 211                 if (isfinite(val) && truncl(val) == val)
 212                         fputs(".0", out);
 213         } else {
 214                 panic("unknown constant");
 215         }
 216
 217         char const* suffix;
 218         switch (type->atomic.akind) {
 219                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:        suffix = "U";   break;
 220                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:        suffix = "L";   break;
 221                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:       suffix = "UL";  break;
 222                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:    suffix = "LL";  break;
 223                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:   suffix = "ULL"; break;
 224                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:       suffix = "F";   break;
 225                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE: suffix = "L";   break;
 226
 227                 default: return;
 228         }
 229         fputs(suffix, out);
 230 }
 231
 232 /**
 233  * Print a quoted string constant.
 234  *
 235  * @param string  the string constant
 236  * @param border  the border char
 237  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 238  */
 239 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border, int skip)
 240 {
 241         fputc(border, out);
 242         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 243         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 244                 if (*c == border) {
 245                         fputc('\\', out);
 246                 }
 247                 switch (*c) {
 248                 case '\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 249                 case '\a':  fputs("\\a", out); break;
 250                 case '\b':  fputs("\\b", out); break;
 251                 case '\f':  fputs("\\f", out); break;
 252                 case '\n':  fputs("\\n", out); break;
 253                 case '\r':  fputs("\\r", out); break;
 254                 case '\t':  fputs("\\t", out); break;
 255                 case '\v':  fputs("\\v", out); break;
 256                 case '\?':  fputs("\\?", out); break;
 257                 case 27:
 258                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 259                                 fputs("\\e", out); break;
 260                         }
 261                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 262                 default:
 263                         if (!isprint(*c)) {
 264                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", (unsigned)(unsigned char)*c);
 265                                 break;
 266                         }
 267                         fputc(*c, out);
 268                         break;
 269                 }
 270         }
 271         fputc(border, out);
 272 }
 273
 274 /**
 275  * Prints a wide string literal expression.
 276  *
 277  * @param wstr    the wide string literal expression
 278  * @param border  the border char
 279  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 280  */
 281 static void print_quoted_wide_string(const wide_string_t *const wstr,
 282                                      char border, int skip)
 283 {
 284         fputc('L', out);
 285         fputc(border, out);
 286         const wchar_rep_t *end = wstr->begin + wstr->size - skip;
 287         for (const wchar_rep_t *c = wstr->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 288                 switch (*c) {
 289                         case L'\"':  fputs("\\\"", out); break;
 290                         case L'\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 291                         case L'\a':  fputs("\\a",  out); break;
 292                         case L'\b':  fputs("\\b",  out); break;
 293                         case L'\f':  fputs("\\f",  out); break;
 294                         case L'\n':  fputs("\\n",  out); break;
 295                         case L'\r':  fputs("\\r",  out); break;
 296                         case L'\t':  fputs("\\t",  out); break;
 297                         case L'\v':  fputs("\\v",  out); break;
 298                         case L'\?':  fputs("\\?",  out); break;
 299                         case 27:
 300                                 if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 301                                         fputs("\\e", out); break;
 302                                 }
 303                                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 304                         default: {
 305                                 const unsigned tc = *c;
 306                                 if (tc < 0x80U) {
 307                                         if (isprint(*c)) {
 308                                                 fputc(*c, out);
 309                                         } else {
 310                                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", tc);
 311                                         }
 312                                 } else if (tc < 0x800) {
 313                                         fputc(0xC0 | (tc >> 6),   out);
 314                                         fputc(0x80 | (tc & 0x3F), out);
 315                                 } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
 316                                         fputc(0xE0 | ( tc >> 12),         out);
 317                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 318                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 319                                 } else {
 320                                         fputc(0xF0 | ( tc >> 18),         out);
 321                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F), out);
 322                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 323                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 324                                 }
 325                         }
 326                 }
 327         }
 328         fputc(border, out);
 329 }
 330
 331 /**
 332  * Print a constant character expression.
 333  *
 334  * @param cnst  the constant character expression
 335  */
 336 static void print_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 337 {
 338         print_quoted_string(&cnst->v.character, '\'', 0);
 339 }
 340
 341 static void print_wide_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 342 {
 343         print_quoted_wide_string(&cnst->v.wide_character, '\'', 0);
 344 }
 345
 346 /**
 347  * Prints a string literal expression.
 348  *
 349  * @param string_literal  the string literal expression
 350  */
 351 static void print_string_literal(
 352                 const string_literal_expression_t *string_literal)
 353 {
 354         print_quoted_string(&string_literal->value, '"', 1);
 355 }
 356
 357 /**
 358  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 359  */
 360 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 361 {
 362         const char *s = "";
 363         switch (funcname->kind) {
 364         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 365         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 366         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 367         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 368         }
 369         fputs(s, out);
 370 }
 371
 372 static void print_wide_string_literal(
 373         const wide_string_literal_expression_t *const wstr)
 374 {
 375         print_quoted_wide_string(&wstr->value, '"', 1);
 376 }
 377
 378 static void print_compound_literal(
 379                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 380 {
 381         fputc('(', out);
 382         print_type(expression->type);
 383         fputc(')', out);
 384         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 385 }
 386
 387 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 388 {
 389         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 390 }
 391
 392 /**
 393  * Prints a call expression.
 394  *
 395  * @param call  the call expression
 396  */
 397 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 398 {
 399         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(call->base.kind);
 400         print_expression_prec(call->function, prec);
 401         fputc('(', out);
 402         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 403         int              first    = 1;
 404         while (argument != NULL) {
 405                 if (!first) {
 406                         fputs(", ", out);
 407                 } else {
 408                         first = 0;
 409                 }
 410                 print_assignment_expression(argument->expression);
 411
 412                 argument = argument->next;
 413         }
 414         fputc(')', out);
 415 }
 416
 417 /**
 418  * Prints a binary expression.
 419  *
 420  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 421  */
 422 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 423 {
 424         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 425         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 426
 427         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 428         char const* op;
 429         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 430         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 431         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 432         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 433         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 434         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 435         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 436         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 437         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 438         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 439         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 440         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 441         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 442         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 443         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 444         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 445         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 446         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 447         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 448         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 449         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 450
 451         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 452         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 453         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 454         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 455         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 456         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 457         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 458         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 459         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 460         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 461         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 462         }
 463         fputs(op, out);
 464         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 465 }
 466
 467 /**
 468  * Prints an unary expression.
 469  *
 470  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 471  */
 472 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 473 {
 474         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 475         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 476         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           fputc('-',          out); break;
 477         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             fputc('+',          out); break;
 478         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              fputc('!',          out); break;
 479         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   fputc('~',          out); break;
 480         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: fputs("++",         out); break;
 481         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: fputs("--",         out); break;
 482         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      fputc('*',          out); break;
 483         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     fputc('&',          out); break;
 484         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           fputs("delete ",    out); break;
 485         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     fputs("delete [] ", out); break;
 486
 487         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 488                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 489                 fputs("++", out);
 490                 return;
 491         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 492                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 493                 fputs("--", out);
 494                 return;
 495         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
 496         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 497                 fputc('(', out);
 498                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 499                 fputc(')', out);
 500                 break;
 501         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 502                 fputs("__assume(", out);
 503                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 504                 fputc(')', out);
 505                 return;
 506
 507         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 508                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 509                         fputs("throw", out);
 510                         return;
 511                 }
 512                 fputs("throw ", out);
 513                 break;
 514
 515         default:
 516                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 517         }
 518         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 519 }
 520
 521 /**
 522  * Prints a reference expression.
 523  *
 524  * @param ref   the reference expression
 525  */
 526 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 527 {
 528         fputs(ref->entity->base.symbol->string, out);
 529 }
 530
 531 /**
 532  * Prints a label address expression.
 533  *
 534  * @param ref   the reference expression
 535  */
 536 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 537 {
 538         fprintf(out, "&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 539 }
 540
 541 /**
 542  * Prints an array expression.
 543  *
 544  * @param expression   the array expression
 545  */
 546 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 547 {
 548         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 549         if (!expression->flipped) {
 550                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, prec);
 551                 fputc('[', out);
 552                 print_expression(expression->index);
 553                 fputc(']', out);
 554         } else {
 555                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, prec);
 556                 fputc('[', out);
 557                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 558                 fputc(']', out);
 559         }
 560 }
 561
 562 /**
 563  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 564  *
 565  * @param expression   the type property expression
 566  */
 567 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 568 {
 569         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 570                 fputs("sizeof", out);
 571         } else {
 572                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 573                 fputs("__alignof__", out);
 574         }
 575         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 576                 /* always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 577                 fputc('(', out);
 578                 print_expression(expression->tp_expression);
 579                 fputc(')', out);
 580         } else {
 581                 fputc('(', out);
 582                 print_type(expression->type);
 583                 fputc(')', out);
 584         }
 585 }
 586
 587 /**
 588  * Prints an builtin symbol.
 589  *
 590  * @param expression   the builtin symbol expression
 591  */
 592 static void print_builtin_symbol(const builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression)
 593 {
 594         fputs(expression->symbol->string, out);
 595 }
 596
 597 /**
 598  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 599  *
 600  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 601  */
 602 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 603 {
 604         fputs("__builtin_constant_p(", out);
 605         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 606         fputc(')', out);
 607 }
 608
 609 /**
 610  * Prints a builtin prefetch expression.
 611  *
 612  * @param expression   the builtin prefetch expression
 613  */
 614 static void print_builtin_prefetch(const builtin_prefetch_expression_t *expression)
 615 {
 616         fputs("__builtin_prefetch(", out);
 617         print_assignment_expression(expression->adr);
 618         if (expression->rw) {
 619                 fputc(',', out);
 620                 print_assignment_expression(expression->rw);
 621         }
 622         if (expression->locality) {
 623                 fputc(',', out);
 624                 print_assignment_expression(expression->locality);
 625         }
 626         fputc(')', out);
 627 }
 628
 629 /**
 630  * Prints a conditional expression.
 631  *
 632  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 633  */
 634 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 635 {
 636         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 637         fputs(" ? ", out);
 638         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 639                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 640                 fputs(" : ", out);
 641         } else {
 642                 fputs(": ", out);
 643         }
 644         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 645         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 646 }
 647
 648 /**
 649  * Prints a va_start expression.
 650  *
 651  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 652  */
 653 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 654 {
 655         fputs("__builtin_va_start(", out);
 656         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 657         fputs(", ", out);
 658         fputs(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string, out);
 659         fputc(')', out);
 660 }
 661
 662 /**
 663  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 664  *
 665  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 666  */
 667 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 668 {
 669         fputs("__builtin_va_arg(", out);
 670         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 671         fputs(", ", out);
 672         print_type(expression->base.type);
 673         fputc(')', out);
 674 }
 675
 676 /**
 677  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 678  *
 679  * @param expression   the select expression
 680  */
 681 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 682 {
 683         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 684         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, prec);
 685         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 686                 fputs("->", out);
 687         } else {
 688                 fputc('.', out);
 689         }
 690         fputs(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string, out);
 691 }
 692
 693 /**
 694  * Prints a type classify expression.
 695  *
 696  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 697  */
 698 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 699         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 700 {
 701         fputs("__builtin_classify_type(", out);
 702         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 703         fputc(')', out);
 704 }
 705
 706 /**
 707  * Prints a designator.
 708  *
 709  * @param designator  the designator
 710  */
 711 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 712 {
 713         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 714                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 715                         fputc('[', out);
 716                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 717                         fputc(']', out);
 718                 } else {
 719                         fputc('.', out);
 720                         fputs(designator->symbol->string, out);
 721                 }
 722         }
 723 }
 724
 725 /**
 726  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 727  *
 728  * @param expression   the offset expression
 729  */
 730 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 731 {
 732         fputs("__builtin_offsetof", out);
 733         fputc('(', out);
 734         print_type(expression->type);
 735         fputc(',', out);
 736         print_designator(expression->designator);
 737         fputc(')', out);
 738 }
 739
 740 /**
 741  * Prints a statement expression.
 742  *
 743  * @param expression   the statement expression
 744  */
 745 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 746 {
 747         fputc('(', out);
 748         print_statement(expression->statement);
 749         fputc(')', out);
 750 }
 751
 752 /**
 753  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 754  *
 755  * @param expression  the expression to print
 756  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 757  */
 758 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 759 {
 760         if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT && !print_implicit_casts) {
 761                 expression = expression->unary.value;
 762         }
 763
 764         bool parenthesized =
 765                 expression->base.parenthesized                 ||
 766                 (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) ||
 767                 top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 768
 769         if (parenthesized)
 770                 fputc('(', out);
 771         switch (expression->kind) {
 772         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
 773         case EXPR_INVALID:
 774                 fputs("$invalid expression$", out);
 775                 break;
 776         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 777                 print_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 778                 break;
 779         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 780                 print_wide_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 781                 break;
 782         case EXPR_CONST:
 783                 print_const(&expression->conste);
 784                 break;
 785         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 786                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 787                 break;
 788         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 789                 print_string_literal(&expression->string);
 790                 break;
 791         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 792                 print_wide_string_literal(&expression->wide_string);
 793                 break;
 794         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 795                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 796                 break;
 797         case EXPR_CALL:
 798                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 799                 break;
 800         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 801                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 802                 break;
 803         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 804         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
 805                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 806                 break;
 807         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 808                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 809                 break;
 810         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
 811                 print_label_address_expression(&expression->label_address);
 812                 break;
 813         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 814                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 815                 break;
 816         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 817         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 818                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 819                 break;
 820         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
 821                 print_builtin_symbol(&expression->builtin_symbol);
 822                 break;
 823         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 824                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 825                 break;
 826         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
 827                 print_builtin_prefetch(&expression->builtin_prefetch);
 828                 break;
 829         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 830                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 831                 break;
 832         case EXPR_VA_START:
 833                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 834                 break;
 835         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 836                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 837                 break;
 838         case EXPR_SELECT:
 839                 print_select(&expression->select);
 840                 break;
 841         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 842                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 843                 break;
 844         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 845                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 846                 break;
 847         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 848                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 849                 break;
 850
 851         default:
 852                 /* TODO */
 853                 fprintf(out, "some expression of type %d", (int)expression->kind);
 854                 break;
 855         }
 856         if (parenthesized)
 857                 fputc(')', out);
 858 }
 859
 860 /**
 861  * Print an compound statement.
 862  *
 863  * @param block  the compound statement
 864  */
 865 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 866 {
 867         fputs("{\n", out);
 868         ++indent;
 869
 870         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 871         while (statement != NULL) {
 872                 if (statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL)
 873                         --indent;
 874                 if (statement->kind != STATEMENT_LABEL)
 875                         print_indent();
 876                 print_statement(statement);
 877
 878                 statement = statement->base.next;
 879         }
 880         --indent;
 881         print_indent();
 882         fputs(block->stmt_expr ? "}" : "}\n", out);
 883 }
 884
 885 /**
 886  * Print a return statement.
 887  *
 888  * @param statement  the return statement
 889  */
 890 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 891 {
 892         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 893         if (val != NULL) {
 894                 fputs("return ", out);
 895                 print_expression(val);
 896                 fputs(";\n", out);
 897         } else {
 898                 fputs("return;\n", out);
 899         }
 900 }
 901
 902 /**
 903  * Print an expression statement.
 904  *
 905  * @param statement  the expression statement
 906  */
 907 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 908 {
 909         print_expression(statement->expression);
 910         fputs(";\n", out);
 911 }
 912
 913 /**
 914  * Print a goto statement.
 915  *
 916  * @param statement  the goto statement
 917  */
 918 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 919 {
 920         fputs("goto ", out);
 921         if (statement->expression != NULL) {
 922                 fputc('*', out);
 923                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 924         } else {
 925                 fputs(statement->label->base.symbol->string, out);
 926         }
 927         fputs(";\n", out);
 928 }
 929
 930 /**
 931  * Print a label statement.
 932  *
 933  * @param statement  the label statement
 934  */
 935 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 936 {
 937         fprintf(out, "%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 938         print_indent();
 939         print_statement(statement->statement);
 940 }
 941
 942 /**
 943  * Print an if statement.
 944  *
 945  * @param statement  the if statement
 946  */
 947 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 948 {
 949         fputs("if (", out);
 950         print_expression(statement->condition);
 951         fputs(") ", out);
 952         print_statement(statement->true_statement);
 953
 954         if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
 955                 print_indent();
 956                 fputs("else ", out);
 957                 print_statement(statement->false_statement);
 958         }
 959 }
 960
 961 /**
 962  * Print a switch statement.
 963  *
 964  * @param statement  the switch statement
 965  */
 966 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 967 {
 968         fputs("switch (", out);
 969         print_expression(statement->expression);
 970         fputs(") ", out);
 971         print_statement(statement->body);
 972 }
 973
 974 /**
 975  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 976  *
 977  * @param statement  the case label statement
 978  */
 979 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 980 {
 981         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 982                 fputs("default:\n", out);
 983         } else {
 984                 fputs("case ", out);
 985                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 986                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 987                         fputs(" ... ", out);
 988                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 989                 }
 990                 fputs(":\n", out);
 991         }
 992         ++indent;
 993         if (statement->statement != NULL) {
 994                 if (statement->statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL) {
 995                         --indent;
 996                 }
 997                 print_indent();
 998                 print_statement(statement->statement);
 999         }
1000 }
1001
1002 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
1003 {
1004         fputs("typedef ", out);
1005         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
1006         fputc(';', out);
1007 }
1008
1009 /**
1010  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
1011  * correspondenc in the source file
1012  */
1013 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1014 {
1015         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
1016                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
1017
1018         if (is_declaration(entity))
1019                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
1020
1021         return false;
1022 }
1023
1024 /**
1025  * Print a declaration statement.
1026  *
1027  * @param statement   the statement
1028  */
1029 static void print_declaration_statement(
1030                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
1031 {
1032         bool first = true;
1033         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
1034         if (entity == NULL) {
1035                 fputs("/* empty declaration statement */\n", out);
1036                 return;
1037         }
1038
1039         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
1040         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
1041                 if (!is_declaration(entity) && entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
1042                         continue;
1043                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1044                         continue;
1045
1046                 if (!first) {
1047                         print_indent();
1048                 } else {
1049                         first = false;
1050                 }
1051
1052                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
1053                         print_typedef(entity);
1054                 } else {
1055                         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1056                         print_declaration(entity);
1057                 }
1058
1059                 fputc('\n', out);
1060         }
1061 }
1062
1063 /**
1064  * Print a while statement.
1065  *
1066  * @param statement   the statement
1067  */
1068 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
1069 {
1070         fputs("while (", out);
1071         print_expression(statement->condition);
1072         fputs(") ", out);
1073         print_statement(statement->body);
1074 }
1075
1076 /**
1077  * Print a do-while statement.
1078  *
1079  * @param statement   the statement
1080  */
1081 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
1082 {
1083         fputs("do ", out);
1084         print_statement(statement->body);
1085         print_indent();
1086         fputs("while (", out);
1087         print_expression(statement->condition);
1088         fputs(");\n", out);
1089 }
1090
1091 /**
1092  * Print a for statement.
1093  *
1094  * @param statement   the statement
1095  */
1096 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1097 {
1098         fputs("for (", out);
1099         entity_t *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1100         while (entity != NULL && is_generated_entity(entity))
1101                 entity = entity->base.next;
1102
1103         if (entity != NULL) {
1104                 assert(statement->initialisation == NULL);
1105                 assert(is_declaration(entity));
1106                 print_declaration(entity);
1107                 if (entity->base.next != NULL) {
1108                         panic("multiple declarations in for statement not supported yet");
1109                 }
1110         } else {
1111                 if (statement->initialisation) {
1112                         print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1113                 }
1114                 fputc(';', out);
1115         }
1116         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1117                 fputc(' ', out);
1118                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1119         }
1120         fputc(';', out);
1121         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1122                 fputc(' ', out);
1123                 print_expression(statement->step);
1124         }
1125         fputs(") ", out);
1126         print_statement(statement->body);
1127 }
1128
1129 /**
1130  * Print assembler arguments.
1131  *
1132  * @param arguments   the arguments
1133  */
1134 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1135 {
1136         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1137         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1138                 if (argument != arguments)
1139                         fputs(", ", out);
1140
1141                 if (argument->symbol) {
1142                         fprintf(out, "[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1143                 }
1144                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1145                 fputs(" (", out);
1146                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1147                 fputc(')', out);
1148         }
1149 }
1150
1151 /**
1152  * Print assembler clobbers.
1153  *
1154  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1155  */
1156 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1157 {
1158         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1159         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1160                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1161                         fputs(", ", out);
1162
1163                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1164         }
1165 }
1166
1167 /**
1168  * Print an assembler statement.
1169  *
1170  * @param statement   the statement
1171  */
1172 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1173 {
1174         fputs("asm ", out);
1175         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1176                 fputs("volatile ", out);
1177         }
1178         fputc('(', out);
1179         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1180         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1181             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1182             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1183                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1184
1185         fputs(" : ", out);
1186         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1187         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1188                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1189
1190         fputs(" : ", out);
1191         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1192         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1193                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1194
1195         fputs(" : ", out);
1196         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1197
1198 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1199         fputs(");\n", out);
1200 }
1201
1202 /**
1203  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1204  *
1205  * @param statement   the statement
1206  */
1207 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1208 {
1209         fputs("__try ", out);
1210         print_statement(statement->try_statement);
1211         print_indent();
1212         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1213                 fputs("__except(", out);
1214                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1215                 fputs(") ", out);
1216         } else {
1217                 fputs("__finally ", out);
1218         }
1219         print_statement(statement->final_statement);
1220 }
1221
1222 /**
1223  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1224  *
1225  * @param statement   the statement
1226  */
1227 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1228 {
1229         (void)statement;
1230         fputs("__leave;\n", out);
1231 }
1232
1233 /**
1234  * Print a statement.
1235  *
1236  * @param statement   the statement
1237  */
1238 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1239 {
1240         switch (statement->kind) {
1241         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1242                 fputs(";\n", out);
1243                 break;
1244         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1245                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1246                 break;
1247         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1248                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1249                 break;
1250         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1251                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1252                 break;
1253         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1254                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1255                 break;
1256         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1257                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1258                 break;
1259         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1260                 fputs("continue;\n", out);
1261                 break;
1262         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1263                 fputs("break;\n", out);
1264                 break;
1265         case STATEMENT_IF:
1266                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1267                 break;
1268         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1269                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1270                 break;
1271         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1272                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1273                 break;
1274         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1275                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1276                 break;
1277         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1278                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1279                 break;
1280         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1281                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1282                 break;
1283         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1284                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1285                 break;
1286         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1287                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1288                 break;
1289         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1290                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1291                 break;
1292         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1293                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1294                 break;
1295         case STATEMENT_INVALID:
1296                 fputs("$invalid statement$\n", out);
1297                 break;
1298         }
1299 }
1300
1301 /**
1302  * Print a storage class.
1303  *
1304  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1305  */
1306 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1307 {
1308         switch (storage_class) {
1309         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1310         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  fputs("typedef ",  out); return;
1311         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   fputs("extern ",   out); return;
1312         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   fputs("static ",   out); return;
1313         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     fputs("auto ",     out); return;
1314         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: fputs("register ", out); return;
1315         }
1316         panic("invalid storage class");
1317 }
1318
1319 /**
1320  * Print an initializer.
1321  *
1322  * @param initializer  the initializer
1323  */
1324 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1325 {
1326         if (initializer == NULL) {
1327                 fputs("{}", out);
1328                 return;
1329         }
1330
1331         switch (initializer->kind) {
1332         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1333                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1334                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1335                 return;
1336         }
1337         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1338                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1339                 fputs("{ ", out);
1340                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1341
1342                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1343                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1344                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1345                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1346                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1347                                         fputs(", ", out);
1348                         }
1349                 }
1350                 fputs(" }", out);
1351                 return;
1352         }
1353         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1354                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1355                 return;
1356         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1357                 print_quoted_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string.string, '"', 1);
1358                 return;
1359         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1360                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1361                 fputs(" = ", out);
1362                 return;
1363         }
1364
1365         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1366 }
1367
1368 /**
1369  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1370  */
1371 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1372 {
1373         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1374                 return;
1375
1376         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1377
1378         bool        ds_shown = false;
1379         const char *next     = "(";
1380
1381         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1382                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1383                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1384                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1385                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1386                         if (!ds_shown) {
1387                                 fputs("__declspec", out);
1388                                 ds_shown = true;
1389                         }
1390
1391                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1392                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fprintf(out, "align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1393                         }
1394                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1395                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1396                                 char *comma = "";
1397                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("property(", out);
1398                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1399                                         fprintf(out, "get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1400                                         comma = ", ";
1401                                 }
1402                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1403                                         fprintf(out, "%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1404                                 fputc(')', out);
1405                         }
1406                 }
1407         }
1408
1409         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1410         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1411                 if (!ds_shown) {
1412                         fputs("__declspec", out);
1413                         ds_shown = true;
1414                 }
1415                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1416                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllimport", out);
1417                 }
1418                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1419                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllexport", out);
1420                 }
1421                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1422                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1423                 }
1424                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1425                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("naked", out);
1426                 }
1427                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1428                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1429                 }
1430                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1431                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("selectany", out);
1432                 }
1433                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1434                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("nothrow", out);
1435                 }
1436                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1437                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noreturn", out);
1438                 }
1439                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1440                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noinline", out);
1441                 }
1442                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1443                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("deprecated", out);
1444                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1445                                 fprintf(out, "(\"%s\")",
1446                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1447                 }
1448                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1449                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("restrict", out);
1450                 }
1451                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1452                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noalias", out);
1453                 }
1454         }
1455
1456         if (ds_shown)
1457                 fputs(") ", out);
1458 }
1459
1460 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1461 {
1462         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1463         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1464                 print_indent();
1465                 print_entity(entity);
1466                 fputs("\n", out);
1467         }
1468 }
1469
1470 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1471 {
1472         fputs("namespace ", out);
1473         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1474                 fputs(namespace->base.symbol->string, out);
1475                 fputc(' ', out);
1476         }
1477
1478         fputs("{\n", out);
1479         ++indent;
1480
1481         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1482
1483         --indent;
1484         print_indent();
1485         fputs("}\n", out);
1486 }
1487
1488 /**
1489  * Print a variable or function declaration
1490  */
1491 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1492 {
1493         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1494         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1495
1496         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1497         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1498                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1499                 if (function->is_inline) {
1500                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1501                                 fputs("__forceinline ", out);
1502                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1503                                 fputs("__inline ", out);
1504                         } else {
1505                                 fputs("inline ", out);
1506                         }
1507                 }
1508         }
1509         print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1510         switch (entity->kind) {
1511                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1512                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1513                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1514
1515                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1516                                 fputc('\n', out);
1517                                 print_indent();
1518                                 print_statement(entity->function.statement);
1519                                 return;
1520                         }
1521                         break;
1522
1523                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1524                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1525                                 fputs("__thread ", out);
1526                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1527                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1528                                 fputs(" = ", out);
1529                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1530                         }
1531                         break;
1532
1533                 default:
1534                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1535                         break;
1536         }
1537         fputc(';', out);
1538 }
1539
1540 /**
1541  * Prints an expression.
1542  *
1543  * @param expression  the expression
1544  */
1545 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1546 {
1547         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1548 }
1549
1550 /**
1551  * Print a declaration.
1552  *
1553  * @param declaration  the declaration
1554  */
1555 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1556 {
1557         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1558                 return;
1559
1560         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1561         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1562         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1563         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1564                 print_declaration(entity);
1565                 return;
1566         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1567                 print_declaration(entity);
1568                 return;
1569         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1570                 print_typedef(entity);
1571                 return;
1572         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1573                 fputs("struct ", out);
1574                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1575                 if (entity->structe.complete) {
1576                         fputc(' ', out);
1577                         print_compound_definition(&entity->structe);
1578                 }
1579                 fputc(';', out);
1580                 return;
1581         case ENTITY_UNION:
1582                 fputs("union ", out);
1583                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1584                 if (entity->unione.complete) {
1585                         fputc(' ', out);
1586                         print_compound_definition(&entity->unione);
1587                 }
1588                 fputc(';', out);
1589                 return;
1590         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1591                 fputs("enum ", out);
1592                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1593                 fputc(' ', out);
1594                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1595                 fputc(';', out);
1596                 return;
1597         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1598                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1599                 return;
1600         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1601                 fprintf(out, "__label__ %s;", entity->base.symbol->string);
1602                 return;
1603         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1604         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1605                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1606         case ENTITY_INVALID:
1607                 break;
1608         }
1609         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1610 }
1611
1612 /**
1613  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1614  *
1615  * @param unit   the translation unit
1616  */
1617 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1618 {
1619         inc_type_visited();
1620
1621         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1622         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1623                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1624                         continue;
1625                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1626                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1627                         continue;
1628                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1629                         continue;
1630
1631                 print_indent();
1632                 print_entity(entity);
1633                 fputc('\n', out);
1634         }
1635 }
1636
1637 bool is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1638 {
1639         switch (initializer->kind) {
1640         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1641         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1642         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1643                 return true;
1644
1645         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1646                 return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
1647
1648         case INITIALIZER_LIST:
1649                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1650                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1651                         if (!is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer))
1652                                 return false;
1653                 }
1654                 return true;
1655         }
1656         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1657 }
1658
1659 static bool is_object_with_linker_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1660 {
1661         switch (expression->kind) {
1662         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1663                 return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1664
1665         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1666                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1667                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1668                         /* it's a -> */
1669                         return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
1670                 } else {
1671                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1672                 }
1673         }
1674
1675         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1676                 return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index)
1677                         && is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1678
1679         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1680                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1681                 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
1682                         switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1683                         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1684                         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1685                         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1686                                 return
1687                                         entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1688                                         !entity->variable.thread_local;
1689
1690                         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1691                         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1692                         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1693                                 break;
1694                         }
1695                 }
1696                 return false;
1697         }
1698
1699         default:
1700                 return false;
1701         }
1702 }
1703
1704 bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1705 {
1706         switch (expression->kind) {
1707         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1708                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1709
1710         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1711                 type_t *real_type
1712                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1713                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1714                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1715                         return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1716                 }
1717                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1718         }
1719
1720         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1721                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1722                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1723                         dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1724                         !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1725                         get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_atomic_type_size(get_intptr_kind())
1726                     ))
1727                         return false;
1728
1729                 return (is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value)
1730                         || is_address_constant(expression->unary.value));
1731         }
1732
1733         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1734         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1735                 expression_t *left  = expression->binary.left;
1736                 expression_t *right = expression->binary.right;
1737
1738                 if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(left->base.type))) {
1739                         return is_address_constant(left) && is_constant_expression(right);
1740                 } else if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(right->base.type))) {
1741                         return is_constant_expression(left)     && is_address_constant(right);
1742                 }
1743
1744                 return false;
1745         }
1746
1747         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1748                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1749                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1750                         return false;
1751
1752                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1753                 if (is_type_function(type))
1754                         return true;
1755                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1756                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1757                 }
1758                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1759                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1760                         return true;
1761                 return false;
1762         }
1763
1764         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1765                 type_t *const type =
1766                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1767                 return
1768                         is_type_array(type)                                    &&
1769                         is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index) &&
1770                         is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1771         }
1772
1773         default:
1774                 return false;
1775         }
1776 }
1777
1778 static bool is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1779 {
1780         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1781         if (function->kind != EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
1782                 return false;
1783         }
1784
1785         symbol_t *symbol = function->builtin_symbol.symbol;
1786
1787         switch (symbol->ID) {
1788         case T___builtin_huge_val:
1789         case T___builtin_inf:
1790         case T___builtin_inff:
1791         case T___builtin_infl:
1792         case T___builtin_nan:
1793         case T___builtin_nanf:
1794         case T___builtin_nanl:
1795                 return true;
1796         }
1797
1798         return false;
1799 }
1800
1801 static bool is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1802 {
1803         if (is_constant_expression(expression))
1804                 return true;
1805
1806         switch (expression->kind) {
1807         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1808                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1809         default:
1810                 return false;
1811         }
1812 }
1813
1814 static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1815 {
1816         switch (expression->kind) {
1817         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1818                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1819                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1820                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1821                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1822                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1823                 } else {
1824                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1825                 }
1826         }
1827
1828         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1829                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1830                         &expression->array_access;
1831                 return
1832                         is_constant_expression(array_access->index) && (
1833                                 is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref) ||
1834                                 is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref)
1835                         );
1836         }
1837
1838         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1839                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1840         default:
1841                 return false;
1842         }
1843 }
1844
1845 bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1846 {
1847         switch (expression->kind) {
1848
1849         case EXPR_CONST:
1850         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1851         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1852         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1853         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1854         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1855         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1856         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1857         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1858         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1859         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1860         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
1861                 return true;
1862
1863         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1864                 type_t *type = expression->typeprop.type;
1865                 if (type == NULL)
1866                         type = expression->typeprop.tp_expression->base.type;
1867
1868                 type = skip_typeref(type);
1869                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1870                         return false;
1871                 return true;
1872         }
1873
1874         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
1875         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
1876         case EXPR_SELECT:
1877         case EXPR_VA_START:
1878         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1879         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1880         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
1881         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1882         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1883         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1884         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1885         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1886         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1887         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1888         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1889         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1890         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1891         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1892         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1893         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1894         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1895         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1896         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1897         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1898         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1899         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1900         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1901         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1902         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1903                 return false;
1904
1905         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1906                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1907
1908         case EXPR_CALL:
1909                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1910
1911         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1912         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1913         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1914         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1915                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1916
1917         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1918         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
1919                 return is_type_arithmetic(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
1920                         && is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1921
1922         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1923         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1924         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1925         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1926         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1927         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1928         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1929         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1930         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1931         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1932         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1933         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1934         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1935         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1936         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1937         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1938         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1939         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1940         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1941         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1942         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1943         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1944         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1945         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1946                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left)
1947                         && is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1948
1949         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1950                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1951
1952         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1953                 expression_t *condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1954                 if (!is_constant_expression(condition))
1955                         return false;
1956
1957                 long val = fold_constant(condition);
1958                 if (val != 0)
1959                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.true_expression);
1960                 else
1961                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1962         }
1963
1964         case EXPR_INVALID:
1965                 return true;
1966
1967         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
1968                 break;
1969         }
1970         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1971 }
1972
1973 /**
1974  * Initialize the AST construction.
1975  */
1976 void init_ast(void)
1977 {
1978         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1979 }
1980
1981 /**
1982  * Free the AST.
1983  */
1984 void exit_ast(void)
1985 {
1986         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1987 }
1988
1989 /**
1990  * Set the output stream for the AST printer.
1991  *
1992  * @param stream  the output stream
1993  */
1994 void ast_set_output(FILE *stream)
1995 {
1996         out = stream;
1997         type_set_output(stream);
1998 }
1999
2000 /**
2001  * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
2002  *
2003  * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
2004  *
2005  * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
2006  */
2007 void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
2008 {
2009         return _allocate_ast(size);
2010 }