nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28
  29 #include <assert.h>
  30 #include <stdio.h>
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #include <ctype.h>
  33
  34 #ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
  35 #include <mathimf.h>
  36 #else
  37 #include <math.h>
  38 #endif
  39
  40 #include "adt/error.h"
  41
  42 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  43
  44 static FILE *out;
  45 static int   indent;
  46
  47 /** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
  48 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  49
  50 /** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
  51 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  52
  53 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  54 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  55
  56 void change_indent(int delta)
  57 {
  58         indent += delta;
  59         assert(indent >= 0);
  60 }
  61
  62 void print_indent(void)
  63 {
  64         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  65                 fputc('\t', out);
  66 }
  67
  68 /**
  69  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  70  * associativity, else 0.
  71  *
  72  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  73  */
  74 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  75 {
  76         switch (precedence) {
  77                 case 2*PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  78                 case 2*PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  79                 case 2*PREC_UNARY:
  80                         return 1;
  81
  82                 default:
  83                         return 0;
  84         }
  85 }
  86
  87 /**
  88  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  89  *
  90  * @param kind   the expression kind
  91  */
  92 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  93 {
  94         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  95                 [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
  96                 [EXPR_INVALID]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
  97                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
  98                 [EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_CONST]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]          = PREC_UNARY,
 104                 [EXPR_CALL]                      = PREC_POSTFIX,
 105                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]               = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 106                 [EXPR_SELECT]                    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 107                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]              = PREC_POSTFIX,
 108                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 109                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]             = PREC_UNARY,
 110                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                   = PREC_UNARY,
 111
 112                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 113                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 114                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 115                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_VA_START]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121
 122                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 123                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                = PREC_UNARY,
 124                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]      = PREC_UNARY,
 125                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]         = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]        = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]   = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]   = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                = PREC_UNARY,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]       = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]        = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]               = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 138
 139                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 140                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 141                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]              = PREC_EQUALITY,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]           = PREC_EQUALITY,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]               = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]          = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]            = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]       = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]        = PREC_AND,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]         = PREC_OR,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]        = PREC_XOR,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]        = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]         = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]         = PREC_SHIFT,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]             = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]              = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 169
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT]     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]        = PREC_PRIMARY
 177         };
 178         assert((unsigned)kind < (sizeof(prec)/sizeof(prec[0])));
 179         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 180
 181         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 182         /* we need the lowest bit for right-to-left precedence */
 183         return 2 * res;
 184 }
 185
 186 /**
 187  * Print a constant expression.
 188  *
 189  * @param cnst  the constant expression
 190  */
 191 static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 192 {
 193         if(cnst->base.type == NULL)
 194                 return;
 195
 196         const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
 197
 198         if (is_type_integer(type)) {
 199                 fprintf(out, "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
 200         } else if (is_type_float(type)) {
 201                 long double const val = cnst->v.float_value;
 202 #ifdef _WIN32
 203                 /* ARG, no way to print long double */
 204                 fprintf(out, "%.20g", (double)val);
 205 #else
 206                 fprintf(out, "%.20Lg", val);
 207 #endif
 208                 if (isfinite(val) && truncl(val) == val)
 209                         fputs(".0", out);
 210         } else {
 211                 panic("unknown constant");
 212         }
 213
 214         char const* suffix;
 215         switch (type->atomic.akind) {
 216                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:        suffix = "U";   break;
 217                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:        suffix = "L";   break;
 218                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:       suffix = "UL";  break;
 219                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:    suffix = "LL";  break;
 220                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:   suffix = "ULL"; break;
 221                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:       suffix = "F";   break;
 222                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE: suffix = "L";   break;
 223
 224                 default: suffix = NULL; break;
 225         }
 226         if (suffix != NULL)
 227                 fputs(suffix, out);
 228 }
 229
 230 /**
 231  * Print a quoted string constant.
 232  *
 233  * @param string  the string constant
 234  * @param border  the border char
 235  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 236  */
 237 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border, int skip)
 238 {
 239         fputc(border, out);
 240         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 241         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 242                 if (*c == border) {
 243                         fputc('\\', out);
 244                 }
 245                 switch (*c) {
 246                 case '\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 247                 case '\a':  fputs("\\a", out); break;
 248                 case '\b':  fputs("\\b", out); break;
 249                 case '\f':  fputs("\\f", out); break;
 250                 case '\n':  fputs("\\n", out); break;
 251                 case '\r':  fputs("\\r", out); break;
 252                 case '\t':  fputs("\\t", out); break;
 253                 case '\v':  fputs("\\v", out); break;
 254                 case '\?':  fputs("\\?", out); break;
 255                 case 27:
 256                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 257                                 fputs("\\e", out); break;
 258                         }
 259                         /*fallthrough*/
 260                 default:
 261                         if(!isprint(*c)) {
 262                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", (unsigned)*c);
 263                                 break;
 264                         }
 265                         fputc(*c, out);
 266                         break;
 267                 }
 268         }
 269         fputc(border, out);
 270 }
 271
 272 /**
 273  * Prints a wide string literal expression.
 274  *
 275  * @param wstr    the wide string literal expression
 276  * @param border  the border char
 277  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 278  */
 279 static void print_quoted_wide_string(const wide_string_t *const wstr,
 280                                      char border, int skip)
 281 {
 282         fputc('L', out);
 283         fputc(border, out);
 284         const wchar_rep_t *end = wstr->begin + wstr->size - skip;
 285         for (const wchar_rep_t *c = wstr->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 286                 switch (*c) {
 287                         case L'\"':  fputs("\\\"", out); break;
 288                         case L'\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 289                         case L'\a':  fputs("\\a",  out); break;
 290                         case L'\b':  fputs("\\b",  out); break;
 291                         case L'\f':  fputs("\\f",  out); break;
 292                         case L'\n':  fputs("\\n",  out); break;
 293                         case L'\r':  fputs("\\r",  out); break;
 294                         case L'\t':  fputs("\\t",  out); break;
 295                         case L'\v':  fputs("\\v",  out); break;
 296                         case L'\?':  fputs("\\?",  out); break;
 297                         case 27:
 298                                 if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 299                                         fputs("\\e", out); break;
 300                                 }
 301                                 /*fallthrough*/
 302                         default: {
 303                                 const unsigned tc = *c;
 304                                 if (tc < 0x80U) {
 305                                         if (!isprint(*c))  {
 306                                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", (char)*c);
 307                                         } else {
 308                                                 fputc(*c, out);
 309                                         }
 310                                 } else if (tc < 0x800) {
 311                                         fputc(0xC0 | (tc >> 6),   out);
 312                                         fputc(0x80 | (tc & 0x3F), out);
 313                                 } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
 314                                         fputc(0xE0 | ( tc >> 12),         out);
 315                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 316                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 317                                 } else {
 318                                         fputc(0xF0 | ( tc >> 18),         out);
 319                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F), out);
 320                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 321                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 322                                 }
 323                         }
 324                 }
 325         }
 326         fputc(border, out);
 327 }
 328
 329 /**
 330  * Print a constant character expression.
 331  *
 332  * @param cnst  the constant character expression
 333  */
 334 static void print_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 335 {
 336         print_quoted_string(&cnst->v.character, '\'', 0);
 337 }
 338
 339 static void print_wide_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 340 {
 341         print_quoted_wide_string(&cnst->v.wide_character, '\'', 0);
 342 }
 343
 344 /**
 345  * Prints a string literal expression.
 346  *
 347  * @param string_literal  the string literal expression
 348  */
 349 static void print_string_literal(
 350                 const string_literal_expression_t *string_literal)
 351 {
 352         print_quoted_string(&string_literal->value, '"', 1);
 353 }
 354
 355 /**
 356  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 357  */
 358 static void print_funcname(
 359                 const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 360 {
 361         const char *s = "";
 362         switch (funcname->kind) {
 363         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 364         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 365         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 366         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 367         }
 368         fputc('"', out);
 369         fputs(s, out);
 370         fputc('"', out);
 371 }
 372
 373 static void print_wide_string_literal(
 374         const wide_string_literal_expression_t *const wstr)
 375 {
 376         print_quoted_wide_string(&wstr->value, '"', 1);
 377 }
 378
 379 static void print_compound_literal(
 380                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 381 {
 382         fputc('(', out);
 383         print_type(expression->type);
 384         fputc(')', out);
 385         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 386 }
 387
 388 /**
 389  * Prints a call expression.
 390  *
 391  * @param call  the call expression
 392  */
 393 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 394 {
 395         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(call->base.kind);
 396         print_expression_prec(call->function, prec);
 397         fputc('(', out);
 398         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 399         int              first    = 1;
 400         while(argument != NULL) {
 401                 if(!first) {
 402                         fputs(", ", out);
 403                 } else {
 404                         first = 0;
 405                 }
 406                 print_expression_prec(argument->expression, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 407
 408                 argument = argument->next;
 409         }
 410         fputc(')', out);
 411 }
 412
 413 /**
 414  * Prints a binary expression.
 415  *
 416  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 417  */
 418 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 419 {
 420         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 421         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 422
 423         if(binexpr->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT) {
 424                 fputs("__builtin_expect(", out);
 425                 print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec);
 426                 fputs(", ", out);
 427                 print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec);
 428                 fputc(')', out);
 429                 return;
 430         }
 431
 432         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 433         char const* op;
 434         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 435         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 436         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 437         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 438         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 439         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 440         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 441         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 442         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 443         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 444         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 445         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 446         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 447         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 448         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 449         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 450         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 451         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 452         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 453         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 454         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 455
 456         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 457         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 458         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 459         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 460         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 461         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 462         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 463         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 464         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 465         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 466         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 467         }
 468         fputs(op, out);
 469         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec - r2l);
 470 }
 471
 472 /**
 473  * Prints an unary expression.
 474  *
 475  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 476  */
 477 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 478 {
 479         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 480         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 481         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           fputc('-',          out); break;
 482         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             fputc('+',          out); break;
 483         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              fputc('!',          out); break;
 484         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   fputc('~',          out); break;
 485         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: fputs("++",         out); break;
 486         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: fputs("--",         out); break;
 487         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      fputc('*',          out); break;
 488         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     fputc('&',          out); break;
 489         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           fputs("delete ",    out); break;
 490         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     fputs("delete [] ", out); break;
 491
 492         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 493                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 494                 fputs("++", out);
 495                 return;
 496         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 497                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 498                 fputs("--", out);
 499                 return;
 500         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
 501         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 502                 fputc('(', out);
 503                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 504                 fputc(')', out);
 505                 break;
 506         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 507                 fputs("__assume(", out);
 508                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 509                 fputc(')', out);
 510                 return;
 511
 512         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 513                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 514                         fputs("throw", out);
 515                         return;
 516                 }
 517                 fputs("throw ", out);
 518                 break;
 519
 520         default:
 521                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 522         }
 523         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 524 }
 525
 526 /**
 527  * Prints a reference expression.
 528  *
 529  * @param ref   the reference expression
 530  */
 531 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 532 {
 533         fputs(ref->entity->base.symbol->string, out);
 534 }
 535
 536 /**
 537  * Prints a label address expression.
 538  *
 539  * @param ref   the reference expression
 540  */
 541 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 542 {
 543         fprintf(out, "&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 544 }
 545
 546 /**
 547  * Prints an array expression.
 548  *
 549  * @param expression   the array expression
 550  */
 551 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 552 {
 553         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 554         if(!expression->flipped) {
 555                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, prec);
 556                 fputc('[', out);
 557                 print_expression(expression->index);
 558                 fputc(']', out);
 559         } else {
 560                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, prec);
 561                 fputc('[', out);
 562                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 563                 fputc(']', out);
 564         }
 565 }
 566
 567 /**
 568  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 569  *
 570  * @param expression   the type property expression
 571  */
 572 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 573 {
 574         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 575                 fputs("sizeof", out);
 576         } else {
 577                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 578                 fputs("__alignof__", out);
 579         }
 580         if(expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 581                 /* always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 582                 fputc('(', out);
 583                 print_expression(expression->tp_expression);
 584                 fputc(')', out);
 585         } else {
 586                 fputc('(', out);
 587                 print_type(expression->type);
 588                 fputc(')', out);
 589         }
 590 }
 591
 592 /**
 593  * Prints an builtin symbol.
 594  *
 595  * @param expression   the builtin symbol expression
 596  */
 597 static void print_builtin_symbol(const builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression)
 598 {
 599         fputs(expression->symbol->string, out);
 600 }
 601
 602 /**
 603  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 604  *
 605  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 606  */
 607 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 608 {
 609         fputs("__builtin_constant_p(", out);
 610         print_expression_prec(expression->value, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 611         fputc(')', out);
 612 }
 613
 614 /**
 615  * Prints a builtin prefetch expression.
 616  *
 617  * @param expression   the builtin prefetch expression
 618  */
 619 static void print_builtin_prefetch(const builtin_prefetch_expression_t *expression)
 620 {
 621         fputs("__builtin_prefetch(", out);
 622         print_expression_prec(expression->adr, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 623         if (expression->rw) {
 624                 fputc(',', out);
 625                 print_expression_prec(expression->rw, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 626         }
 627         if (expression->locality) {
 628                 fputc(',', out);
 629                 print_expression_prec(expression->locality, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 630         }
 631         fputc(')', out);
 632 }
 633
 634 /**
 635  * Prints a conditional expression.
 636  *
 637  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 638  */
 639 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 640 {
 641         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, 2 * PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 642         fputs(" ? ", out);
 643         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 644                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, 2 * PREC_EXPRESSION);
 645                 fputs(" : ", out);
 646         } else {
 647                 fputs(": ", out);
 648         }
 649         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, 2 * PREC_CONDITIONAL);
 650 }
 651
 652 /**
 653  * Prints a va_start expression.
 654  *
 655  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 656  */
 657 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 658 {
 659         fputs("__builtin_va_start(", out);
 660         print_expression_prec(expression->ap, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 661         fputs(", ", out);
 662         fputs(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string, out);
 663         fputc(')', out);
 664 }
 665
 666 /**
 667  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 668  *
 669  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 670  */
 671 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 672 {
 673         fputs("__builtin_va_arg(", out);
 674         print_expression_prec(expression->ap, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 675         fputs(", ", out);
 676         print_type(expression->base.type);
 677         fputc(')', out);
 678 }
 679
 680 /**
 681  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 682  *
 683  * @param expression   the select expression
 684  */
 685 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 686 {
 687         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 688         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, prec);
 689         if(is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 690                 fputs("->", out);
 691         } else {
 692                 fputc('.', out);
 693         }
 694         fputs(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string, out);
 695 }
 696
 697 /**
 698  * Prints a type classify expression.
 699  *
 700  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 701  */
 702 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 703         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 704 {
 705         fputs("__builtin_classify_type(", out);
 706         print_expression_prec(expr->type_expression, 2 * PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 707         fputc(')', out);
 708 }
 709
 710 /**
 711  * Prints a designator.
 712  *
 713  * @param designator  the designator
 714  */
 715 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 716 {
 717         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 718                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 719                         fputc('[', out);
 720                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 721                         fputc(']', out);
 722                 } else {
 723                         fputc('.', out);
 724                         fputs(designator->symbol->string, out);
 725                 }
 726         }
 727 }
 728
 729 /**
 730  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 731  *
 732  * @param expression   the offset expression
 733  */
 734 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 735 {
 736         fputs("__builtin_offsetof", out);
 737         fputc('(', out);
 738         print_type(expression->type);
 739         fputc(',', out);
 740         print_designator(expression->designator);
 741         fputc(')', out);
 742 }
 743
 744 /**
 745  * Prints a statement expression.
 746  *
 747  * @param expression   the statement expression
 748  */
 749 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 750 {
 751         fputc('(', out);
 752         print_statement(expression->statement);
 753         fputc(')', out);
 754 }
 755
 756 /**
 757  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 758  *
 759  * @param expression  the expression to print
 760  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 761  */
 762 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 763 {
 764         if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT && !print_implicit_casts) {
 765                 expression = expression->unary.value;
 766         }
 767         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 768         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM)
 769                 top_prec = PREC_TOP;
 770         if (top_prec > prec)
 771                 fputc('(', out);
 772         switch (expression->kind) {
 773         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
 774         case EXPR_INVALID:
 775                 fputs("$invalid expression$", out);
 776                 break;
 777         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 778                 print_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 779                 break;
 780         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 781                 print_wide_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 782                 break;
 783         case EXPR_CONST:
 784                 print_const(&expression->conste);
 785                 break;
 786         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 787                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 788                 break;
 789         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 790                 print_string_literal(&expression->string);
 791                 break;
 792         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 793                 print_wide_string_literal(&expression->wide_string);
 794                 break;
 795         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 796                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 797                 break;
 798         case EXPR_CALL:
 799                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 800                 break;
 801         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 802                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 803                 break;
 804         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 805                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 806                 break;
 807         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 808                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 809                 break;
 810         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
 811                 print_label_address_expression(&expression->label_address);
 812                 break;
 813         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 814                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 815                 break;
 816         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 817         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 818                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 819                 break;
 820         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
 821                 print_builtin_symbol(&expression->builtin_symbol);
 822                 break;
 823         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 824                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 825                 break;
 826         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
 827                 print_builtin_prefetch(&expression->builtin_prefetch);
 828                 break;
 829         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 830                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 831                 break;
 832         case EXPR_VA_START:
 833                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 834                 break;
 835         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 836                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 837                 break;
 838         case EXPR_SELECT:
 839                 print_select(&expression->select);
 840                 break;
 841         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 842                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 843                 break;
 844         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 845                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 846                 break;
 847         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 848                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 849                 break;
 850
 851         default:
 852                 /* TODO */
 853                 fprintf(out, "some expression of type %d", (int) expression->kind);
 854                 break;
 855         }
 856         if (top_prec > prec)
 857                 fputc(')', out);
 858 }
 859
 860 /**
 861  * Print an compound statement.
 862  *
 863  * @param block  the compound statement
 864  */
 865 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 866 {
 867         fputs("{\n", out);
 868         ++indent;
 869
 870         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 871         while (statement != NULL) {
 872                 if (statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL)
 873                         --indent;
 874                 if (statement->kind != STATEMENT_LABEL)
 875                         print_indent();
 876                 print_statement(statement);
 877
 878                 statement = statement->base.next;
 879         }
 880         --indent;
 881         print_indent();
 882         fputs("}\n", out);
 883 }
 884
 885 /**
 886  * Print a return statement.
 887  *
 888  * @param statement  the return statement
 889  */
 890 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 891 {
 892         fputs("return ", out);
 893         if(statement->value != NULL)
 894                 print_expression(statement->value);
 895         fputs(";\n", out);
 896 }
 897
 898 /**
 899  * Print an expression statement.
 900  *
 901  * @param statement  the expression statement
 902  */
 903 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 904 {
 905         print_expression(statement->expression);
 906         fputs(";\n", out);
 907 }
 908
 909 /**
 910  * Print a goto statement.
 911  *
 912  * @param statement  the goto statement
 913  */
 914 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 915 {
 916         fputs("goto ", out);
 917         if (statement->expression != NULL) {
 918                 fputc('*', out);
 919                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 920         } else {
 921                 fputs(statement->label->base.symbol->string, out);
 922         }
 923         fputs(";\n", out);
 924 }
 925
 926 /**
 927  * Print a label statement.
 928  *
 929  * @param statement  the label statement
 930  */
 931 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 932 {
 933         fprintf(out, "%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 934         print_indent();
 935         print_statement(statement->statement);
 936 }
 937
 938 /**
 939  * Print an if statement.
 940  *
 941  * @param statement  the if statement
 942  */
 943 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 944 {
 945         fputs("if (", out);
 946         print_expression(statement->condition);
 947         fputs(") ", out);
 948         print_statement(statement->true_statement);
 949
 950         if(statement->false_statement != NULL) {
 951                 print_indent();
 952                 fputs("else ", out);
 953                 print_statement(statement->false_statement);
 954         }
 955 }
 956
 957 /**
 958  * Print a switch statement.
 959  *
 960  * @param statement  the switch statement
 961  */
 962 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 963 {
 964         fputs("switch (", out);
 965         print_expression(statement->expression);
 966         fputs(") ", out);
 967         print_statement(statement->body);
 968 }
 969
 970 /**
 971  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 972  *
 973  * @param statement  the case label statement
 974  */
 975 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 976 {
 977         if(statement->expression == NULL) {
 978                 fputs("default:\n", out);
 979         } else {
 980                 fputs("case ", out);
 981                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 982                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 983                         fputs(" ... ", out);
 984                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 985                 }
 986                 fputs(":\n", out);
 987         }
 988         ++indent;
 989         if(statement->statement != NULL) {
 990                 if (statement->statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL) {
 991                         --indent;
 992                 }
 993                 print_indent();
 994                 print_statement(statement->statement);
 995         }
 996 }
 997
 998 static void print_local_label(const local_label_statement_t *statement)
 999 {
1000         fputs("__label__ ", out);
1001
1002         bool      first  = true;
1003         entity_t *entity = statement->labels_begin;
1004         for (;
1005                 entity != statement->labels_end->base.next;
1006                 entity = entity->base.next) {
1007                 if (!first) {
1008                         fputs(", ", out);
1009                 } else {
1010                         first = false;
1011                 }
1012                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1013         }
1014         fputs(";\n", out);
1015 }
1016
1017 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
1018 {
1019         fputs("typedef ", out);
1020         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
1021         fputs(";", out);
1022 }
1023
1024 /**
1025  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
1026  * correspondenc in the source file
1027  */
1028 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1029 {
1030         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
1031                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
1032
1033         if (is_declaration(entity))
1034                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
1035
1036         return false;
1037 }
1038
1039 /**
1040  * Print a declaration statement.
1041  *
1042  * @param statement   the statement
1043  */
1044 static void print_declaration_statement(
1045                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
1046 {
1047         bool first = true;
1048         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
1049         for (;
1050                  entity != statement->declarations_end->base.next;
1051                  entity = entity->base.next) {
1052                 if (!is_declaration(entity) && entity->kind != ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
1053                         continue;
1054                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1055                         continue;
1056
1057                 if (!first) {
1058                         print_indent();
1059                 } else {
1060                         first = false;
1061                 }
1062
1063                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF) {
1064                         print_typedef(entity);
1065                 } else {
1066                         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1067                         print_declaration(entity);
1068                 }
1069
1070                 fputc('\n', out);
1071         }
1072 }
1073
1074 /**
1075  * Print a while statement.
1076  *
1077  * @param statement   the statement
1078  */
1079 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
1080 {
1081         fputs("while (", out);
1082         print_expression(statement->condition);
1083         fputs(") ", out);
1084         print_statement(statement->body);
1085 }
1086
1087 /**
1088  * Print a do-while statement.
1089  *
1090  * @param statement   the statement
1091  */
1092 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
1093 {
1094         fputs("do ", out);
1095         print_statement(statement->body);
1096         print_indent();
1097         fputs("while (", out);
1098         print_expression(statement->condition);
1099         fputs(");\n", out);
1100 }
1101
1102 /**
1103  * Print a for statement.
1104  *
1105  * @param statement   the statement
1106  */
1107 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1108 {
1109         fputs("for (", out);
1110         entity_t *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1111         while (entity != NULL && is_generated_entity(entity))
1112                 entity = entity->base.next;
1113
1114         if (entity != NULL) {
1115                 assert(statement->initialisation == NULL);
1116                 assert(is_declaration(entity));
1117                 print_declaration(entity);
1118                 if (entity->base.next != NULL) {
1119                         panic("multiple declarations in for statement not supported yet");
1120                 }
1121                 fputc(' ', out);
1122         } else {
1123                 if(statement->initialisation) {
1124                         print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1125                 }
1126                 fputs("; ", out);
1127         }
1128         if(statement->condition != NULL) {
1129                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1130         }
1131         fputs("; ", out);
1132         if(statement->step != NULL) {
1133                 print_expression(statement->step);
1134         }
1135         fputs(") ", out);
1136         print_statement(statement->body);
1137 }
1138
1139 /**
1140  * Print assembler arguments.
1141  *
1142  * @param arguments   the arguments
1143  */
1144 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1145 {
1146         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1147         for( ; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1148                 if(argument != arguments)
1149                         fputs(", ", out);
1150
1151                 if(argument->symbol) {
1152                         fprintf(out, "[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1153                 }
1154                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1155                 fputs(" (", out);
1156                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1157                 fputc(')', out);
1158         }
1159 }
1160
1161 /**
1162  * Print assembler clobbers.
1163  *
1164  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1165  */
1166 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1167 {
1168         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1169         for( ; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1170                 if(clobber != clobbers)
1171                         fputs(", ", out);
1172
1173                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1174         }
1175 }
1176
1177 /**
1178  * Print an assembler statement.
1179  *
1180  * @param statement   the statement
1181  */
1182 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1183 {
1184         fputs("asm ", out);
1185         if(statement->is_volatile) {
1186                 fputs("volatile ", out);
1187         }
1188         fputc('(', out);
1189         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1190         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1191             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1192             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1193                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1194
1195         fputs(" : ", out);
1196         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1197         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1198                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1199
1200         fputs(" : ", out);
1201         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1202         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1203                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1204
1205         fputs(" : ", out);
1206         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1207
1208 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1209         fputs(");\n", out);
1210 }
1211
1212 /**
1213  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1214  *
1215  * @param statement   the statement
1216  */
1217 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1218 {
1219         fputs("__try ", out);
1220         print_statement(statement->try_statement);
1221         print_indent();
1222         if(statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1223                 fputs("__except(", out);
1224                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1225                 fputs(") ", out);
1226         } else {
1227                 fputs("__finally ", out);
1228         }
1229         print_statement(statement->final_statement);
1230 }
1231
1232 /**
1233  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1234  *
1235  * @param statement   the statement
1236  */
1237 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1238 {
1239         (void) statement;
1240         fputs("__leave;\n", out);
1241 }
1242
1243 /**
1244  * Print a statement.
1245  *
1246  * @param statement   the statement
1247  */
1248 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1249 {
1250         switch (statement->kind) {
1251         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1252                 fputs(";\n", out);
1253                 break;
1254         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1255                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1256                 break;
1257         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1258                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1259                 break;
1260         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1261                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1262                 break;
1263         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1264                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1265                 break;
1266         case STATEMENT_LOCAL_LABEL:
1267                 print_local_label(&statement->local_label);
1268                 break;
1269         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1270                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1271                 break;
1272         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1273                 fputs("continue;\n", out);
1274                 break;
1275         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1276                 fputs("break;\n", out);
1277                 break;
1278         case STATEMENT_IF:
1279                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1280                 break;
1281         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1282                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1283                 break;
1284         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1285                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1286                 break;
1287         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1288                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1289                 break;
1290         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1291                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1292                 break;
1293         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1294                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1295                 break;
1296         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1297                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1298                 break;
1299         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1300                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1301                 break;
1302         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1303                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1304                 break;
1305         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1306                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1307                 break;
1308         case STATEMENT_INVALID:
1309                 fputs("$invalid statement$\n", out);
1310                 break;
1311         }
1312 }
1313
1314 /**
1315  * Print a storage class.
1316  *
1317  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1318  */
1319 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1320 {
1321         switch (storage_class) {
1322         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1323                 break;
1324         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:       fputs("typedef ",        out); break;
1325         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:        fputs("extern ",         out); break;
1326         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:        fputs("static ",         out); break;
1327         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:          fputs("auto ",           out); break;
1328         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:      fputs("register ",       out); break;
1329         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:        fputs("__thread",        out); break;
1330         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN: fputs("extern __thread", out); break;
1331         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC: fputs("static __thread", out); break;
1332         }
1333 }
1334
1335 /**
1336  * Print an initializer.
1337  *
1338  * @param initializer  the initializer
1339  */
1340 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1341 {
1342         if(initializer == NULL) {
1343                 fputs("{}", out);
1344                 return;
1345         }
1346
1347         switch (initializer->kind) {
1348         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1349                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1350                 print_expression(value->value);
1351                 return;
1352         }
1353         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1354                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1355                 fputs("{ ", out);
1356                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1357
1358                 for(size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1359                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1360                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1361                         if(i < list->len-1) {
1362                                 if(sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1363                                         fputs(", ", out);
1364                         }
1365                 }
1366                 fputs(" }", out);
1367                 return;
1368         }
1369         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1370                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1371                 return;
1372         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1373                 print_quoted_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string.string, '"', 1);
1374                 return;
1375         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1376                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1377                 fputs(" = ", out);
1378                 return;
1379         }
1380
1381         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1382 }
1383
1384 /**
1385  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1386  */
1387 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1388 {
1389         if((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1390                 return;
1391
1392         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1393
1394         bool        ds_shown = false;
1395         const char *next     = "(";
1396
1397         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1398                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*) declaration;
1399                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1400                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1401                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1402                         if (!ds_shown) {
1403                                 fputs("__declspec", out);
1404                                 ds_shown = true;
1405                         }
1406
1407                         if(variable->alignment != 0) {
1408                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fprintf(out, "align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1409                         }
1410                         if(variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1411                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1412                                 char *comma = "";
1413                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("property(", out);
1414                                 if(variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1415                                         fprintf(out, "get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1416                                         comma = ", ";
1417                                 }
1418                                 if(variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1419                                         fprintf(out, "%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1420                                 fputc(')', out);
1421                         }
1422                 }
1423         }
1424
1425         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1426         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1427                 if (!ds_shown) {
1428                         fputs("__declspec", out);
1429                         ds_shown = true;
1430                 }
1431                 if(modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1432                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllimport", out);
1433                 }
1434                 if(modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1435                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllexport", out);
1436                 }
1437                 if(modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1438                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1439                 }
1440                 if(modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1441                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("naked", out);
1442                 }
1443                 if(modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1444                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1445                 }
1446                 if(modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1447                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("selectany", out);
1448                 }
1449                 if(modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1450                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("nothrow", out);
1451                 }
1452                 if(modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1453                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noreturn", out);
1454                 }
1455                 if(modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1456                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noinline", out);
1457                 }
1458                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1459                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("deprecated", out);
1460                         if(declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1461                                 fprintf(out, "(\"%s\")",
1462                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1463                 }
1464                 if(modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1465                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("restrict", out);
1466                 }
1467                 if(modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1468                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noalias", out);
1469                 }
1470         }
1471
1472         if (ds_shown)
1473                 fputs(") ", out);
1474 }
1475
1476 /**
1477  * Print a variable or function declaration
1478  */
1479 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1480 {
1481         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1482         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1483
1484         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t) declaration->declared_storage_class);
1485         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1486                 function_t *function = (function_t*) declaration;
1487                 if (function->is_inline) {
1488                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1489                                 fputs("__forceinline ", out);
1490                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1491                                 fputs("__inline ", out);
1492                         } else {
1493                                 fputs("inline ", out);
1494                         }
1495                 }
1496         }
1497         print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1498         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1499                 print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1500                                &entity->function.parameters);
1501
1502                 if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1503                         fputs("\n", out);
1504                         print_indent();
1505                         print_statement(entity->function.statement);
1506                         return;
1507                 }
1508         } else {
1509                 print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1510
1511                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE
1512                                 && entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1513                         fputs(" = ", out);
1514                         print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1515                 }
1516         }
1517         fputc(';', out);
1518 }
1519
1520 /**
1521  * Prints an expression.
1522  *
1523  * @param expression  the expression
1524  */
1525 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1526 {
1527         print_expression_prec(expression, 2 * PREC_BOTTOM);
1528 }
1529
1530 /**
1531  * Print a declaration.
1532  *
1533  * @param declaration  the declaration
1534  */
1535 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1536 {
1537         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1538                 return;
1539
1540         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t) entity->kind) {
1541         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1542         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1543         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1544                 print_declaration(entity);
1545                 return;
1546         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1547                 print_typedef(entity);
1548                 return;
1549         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1550                 fputs("struct ", out);
1551                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1552                 if (entity->structe.complete) {
1553                         fputc(' ', out);
1554                         print_compound_definition(&entity->structe);
1555                 }
1556                 fputc(';', out);
1557                 return;
1558         case ENTITY_UNION:
1559                 fputs("union ", out);
1560                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1561                 if (entity->unione.complete) {
1562                         fputc(' ', out);
1563                         print_compound_definition(&entity->unione);
1564                 }
1565                 fputc(';', out);
1566                 return;
1567         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1568                 fputs("enum ", out);
1569                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1570                 fputc(' ', out);
1571                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1572                 fputc(';', out);
1573                 return;
1574         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1575         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1576         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1577                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1578         case ENTITY_INVALID:
1579                 break;
1580         }
1581         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1582 }
1583
1584 /**
1585  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1586  *
1587  * @param unit   the translation unit
1588  */
1589 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1590 {
1591         inc_type_visited();
1592
1593         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1594         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1595                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1596                         continue;
1597                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1598                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1599                         continue;
1600                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1601                         continue;
1602
1603                 print_indent();
1604                 print_entity(entity);
1605                 fputc('\n', out);
1606         }
1607 }
1608
1609 bool is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1610 {
1611         switch (initializer->kind) {
1612         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1613         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1614         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1615                 return true;
1616
1617         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1618                 return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
1619
1620         case INITIALIZER_LIST:
1621                 for(size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1622                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1623                         if(!is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer))
1624                                 return false;
1625                 }
1626                 return true;
1627         }
1628         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1629 }
1630
1631 static bool is_object_with_linker_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1632 {
1633         switch (expression->kind) {
1634         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1635                 return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1636
1637         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1638                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1639                 if(is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1640                         /* it's a -> */
1641                         return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
1642                 } else {
1643                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1644                 }
1645         }
1646
1647         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1648                 return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index)
1649                         && is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1650
1651         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1652                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1653                 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
1654                         switch ((storage_class_tag_t) entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1655                         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1656                         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1657                         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1658                                 return true;
1659
1660                         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1661                         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1662                         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1663                         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:
1664                         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN:
1665                         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC:
1666                                 break;
1667                         }
1668                 }
1669                 return false;
1670         }
1671
1672         default:
1673                 return false;
1674         }
1675 }
1676
1677 bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1678 {
1679         switch (expression->kind) {
1680         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1681                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1682
1683         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1684                 type_t *real_type
1685                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1686                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1687                 if(is_type_function(real_type)) {
1688                         return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1689                 }
1690
1691                 /* fallthrough */
1692         }
1693
1694         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1695                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1696                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1697                         dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1698                         !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1699                         (get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_atomic_type_size(get_intptr_kind())
1700                     )))
1701                         return false;
1702
1703                 return (is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value)
1704                         || is_address_constant(expression->unary.value));
1705         }
1706
1707         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1708         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1709                 expression_t *left  = expression->binary.left;
1710                 expression_t *right = expression->binary.right;
1711
1712                 if(is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(left->base.type))) {
1713                         return is_address_constant(left) && is_constant_expression(right);
1714                 } else if(is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(right->base.type))) {
1715                         return is_constant_expression(left)     && is_address_constant(right);
1716                 }
1717
1718                 return false;
1719         }
1720
1721         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1722                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1723                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1724                         return false;
1725
1726                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1727                 if(is_type_function(type))
1728                         return true;
1729                 if(is_type_array(type)) {
1730                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1731                 }
1732                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1733                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1734                         return true;
1735                 return false;
1736         }
1737
1738         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1739                 type_t *const type =
1740                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1741                 return
1742                         is_type_array(type)                                    &&
1743                         is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index) &&
1744                         is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1745         }
1746
1747         default:
1748                 return false;
1749         }
1750 }
1751
1752 static bool is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1753 {
1754         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1755         if (function->kind != EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
1756                 return false;
1757         }
1758
1759         symbol_t *symbol = function->builtin_symbol.symbol;
1760
1761         switch (symbol->ID) {
1762         case T___builtin_huge_val:
1763         case T___builtin_inf:
1764         case T___builtin_inff:
1765         case T___builtin_infl:
1766         case T___builtin_nan:
1767         case T___builtin_nanf:
1768         case T___builtin_nanl:
1769                 return true;
1770         }
1771
1772         return false;
1773 }
1774
1775 static bool is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1776 {
1777         if (is_constant_expression(expression))
1778                 return true;
1779
1780         switch (expression->kind) {
1781         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1782                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1783         default:
1784                 return false;
1785         }
1786 }
1787
1788 static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1789 {
1790         switch (expression->kind) {
1791         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1792                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1793                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1794                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1795                 if(is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1796                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1797                 } else {
1798                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1799                 }
1800         }
1801
1802         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1803                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1804                         &expression->array_access;
1805                 return
1806                         is_constant_expression(array_access->index) && (
1807                                 is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref) ||
1808                                 is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref)
1809                         );
1810         }
1811
1812         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1813                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1814         default:
1815                 return false;
1816         }
1817 }
1818
1819 bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1820 {
1821         switch (expression->kind) {
1822
1823         case EXPR_CONST:
1824         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1825         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1826         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1827         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1828         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1829         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1830         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1831         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1832         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1833         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1834         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
1835                 return true;
1836
1837         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1838                 type_t *type = expression->typeprop.type;
1839                 if (type == NULL)
1840                         type = expression->typeprop.tp_expression->base.type;
1841
1842                 type = skip_typeref(type);
1843                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1844                         return false;
1845                 return true;
1846         }
1847
1848         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
1849         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
1850         case EXPR_SELECT:
1851         case EXPR_VA_START:
1852         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1853         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1854         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
1855         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1856         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1857         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1858         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1859         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1860         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1861         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1862         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1863         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1864         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1865         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1866         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1867         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1868         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1869         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1870         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1871         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1872         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1873         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1874         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1875         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1876         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1877                 return false;
1878
1879         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1880                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1881
1882         case EXPR_CALL:
1883                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1884
1885         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1886         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1887         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1888         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1889                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1890
1891         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1892         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
1893                 return is_type_arithmetic(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
1894                         && is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1895
1896         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1897         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1898         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1899         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1900         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1901         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1902         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1903         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1904         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1905         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1906         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1907         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1908         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1909         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1910         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1911         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1912         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1913         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1914         case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
1915         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1916         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1917         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1918         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1919         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1920         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1921                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left)
1922                         && is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1923
1924         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1925                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1926
1927         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1928                 expression_t *condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1929                 if(!is_constant_expression(condition))
1930                         return false;
1931
1932                 long val = fold_constant(condition);
1933                 if(val != 0)
1934                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.true_expression);
1935                 else
1936                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1937         }
1938
1939         case EXPR_INVALID:
1940                 return true;
1941
1942         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
1943                 break;
1944         }
1945         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1946 }
1947
1948 /**
1949  * Initialize the AST construction.
1950  */
1951 void init_ast(void)
1952 {
1953         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1954 }
1955
1956 /**
1957  * Free the AST.
1958  */
1959 void exit_ast(void)
1960 {
1961         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1962 }
1963
1964 /**
1965  * Set the output stream for the AST printer.
1966  *
1967  * @param stream  the output stream
1968  */
1969 void ast_set_output(FILE *stream)
1970 {
1971         out = stream;
1972         type_set_output(stream);
1973 }
1974
1975 /**
1976  * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
1977  *
1978  * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
1979  *
1980  * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
1981  */
1982 void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
1983 {
1984         return _allocate_ast(size);
1985 }