nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "types.h"
  30
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <ctype.h>
  35
  36 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  37 #include <mathimf.h>
  38 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  39 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  40 #else
  41 #include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "adt/error.h"
  45 #include "adt/util.h"
  46
  47 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  48
  49 static int indent;
  50 static int case_indent;
  51
  52 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  53 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  54
  55 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  56 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  57
  58 void change_indent(int delta)
  59 {
  60         indent += delta;
  61         assert(indent >= 0);
  62 }
  63
  64 void print_indent(void)
  65 {
  66         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  67                 print_char('\t');
  68 }
  69
  70 static void print_stringrep(const string_t *string)
  71 {
  72         for (size_t i = 0; i < string->size; ++i) {
  73                 print_char(string->begin[i]);
  74         }
  75 }
  76
  77 /**
  78  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  79  * associativity, else 0.
  80  *
  81  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  82  */
  83 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  84 {
  85         switch (precedence) {
  86         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  87         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  88         case PREC_UNARY:
  89                 return 1;
  90
  91         default:
  92                 return 0;
  93         }
  94 }
  95
  96 /**
  97  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  98  *
  99  * @param kind   the expression kind
 100  */
 101 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
 102 {
 103         static const unsigned prec[] = {
 104                 [EXPR_ERROR]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 107                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 108                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 109                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 110                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 111                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 112                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 113                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 114                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 115                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 116                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 117                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 118                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 119                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 120
 121                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 125                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 126                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 127                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 128                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 129                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 130
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 141                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 142                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 143                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 144                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 145                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 146
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 177
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 179                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 180                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 181                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 182                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 183                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 184         };
 185         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 186         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 187
 188         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 189         return res;
 190 }
 191
 192 /**
 193  * Print a quoted string constant.
 194  *
 195  * @param string  the string constant
 196  * @param border  the border char
 197  */
 198 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border)
 199 {
 200         print_string(get_string_encoding_prefix(string->encoding));
 201
 202         print_char(border);
 203         const char *end = string->begin + string->size;
 204         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 205                 const char tc = *c;
 206                 if (tc == border) {
 207                         print_char('\\');
 208                 }
 209                 switch (tc) {
 210                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 211                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 212                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 213                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 214                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 215                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 216                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 217                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 218                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 219                 case 27:
 220                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 221                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 222                         }
 223                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 224                 default:
 225                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 226                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 227                         } else {
 228                                 print_char(tc);
 229                         }
 230                         break;
 231                 }
 232         }
 233         print_char(border);
 234 }
 235
 236 static void print_string_literal(string_literal_expression_t const *const literal, char const delimiter)
 237 {
 238         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, delimiter);
 239 }
 240
 241 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 242 {
 243         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 244         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 245                 print_string("__noop");
 246                 return;
 247
 248         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 249         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 250         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 251                 print_stringrep(&literal->value);
 252                 print_stringrep(&literal->suffix);
 253                 return;
 254
 255         default:
 256                 break;
 257         }
 258         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 259 }
 260
 261 /**
 262  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 263  */
 264 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 265 {
 266         const char *s = "";
 267         switch (funcname->kind) {
 268         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 269         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 270         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 271         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 272         }
 273         print_string(s);
 274 }
 275
 276 static void print_compound_literal(
 277                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 278 {
 279         print_char('(');
 280         print_type(expression->type);
 281         print_char(')');
 282         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 283 }
 284
 285 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 286 {
 287         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 288 }
 289
 290 /**
 291  * Prints a call expression.
 292  *
 293  * @param call  the call expression
 294  */
 295 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 296 {
 297         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 298         print_char('(');
 299         char const *sep = "";
 300         for (call_argument_t const *arg = call->arguments; arg; arg = arg->next) {
 301                 print_string(sep);
 302                 sep = ", ";
 303                 print_assignment_expression(arg->expression);
 304         }
 305         print_char(')');
 306 }
 307
 308 /**
 309  * Prints a binary expression.
 310  *
 311  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 312  */
 313 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 314 {
 315         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 316         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 317
 318         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 319         char const* op;
 320         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 321         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 322         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 323         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 324         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 325         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 326         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 327         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 328         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 329         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 330         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 331         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 332         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 333         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 334         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 335         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 336         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 337         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 338         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 339         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 340         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 341
 342         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 343         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 344         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 345         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 346         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 347         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 348         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 349         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 350         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 351         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 352         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 353         }
 354         print_string(op);
 355         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 356 }
 357
 358 /**
 359  * Prints an unary expression.
 360  *
 361  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 362  */
 363 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 364 {
 365         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 366         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 367         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_char  ('-' ); break;
 368         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_char  ('+' ); break;
 369         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_char  ('!' ); break;
 370         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_char  ('~' ); break;
 371         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 372         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 373         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_char  ('*' ); break;
 374         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_char  ('&' ); break;
 375         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 376         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 377
 378         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 379                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 380                 print_string("++");
 381                 return;
 382         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 383                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 384                 print_string("--");
 385                 return;
 386         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 387                 print_char('(');
 388                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 389                 print_char(')');
 390                 break;
 391         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 392                 print_string("__assume(");
 393                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 394                 print_char(')');
 395                 return;
 396
 397         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 398                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 399                         print_string("throw");
 400                         return;
 401                 }
 402                 print_string("throw ");
 403                 break;
 404
 405         default:
 406                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 407         }
 408         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 409 }
 410
 411 /**
 412  * Prints a reference expression.
 413  *
 414  * @param ref   the reference expression
 415  */
 416 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 417 {
 418         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 419 }
 420
 421 /**
 422  * Prints a label address expression.
 423  *
 424  * @param ref   the reference expression
 425  */
 426 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 427 {
 428         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 429 }
 430
 431 /**
 432  * Prints an array expression.
 433  *
 434  * @param expression   the array expression
 435  */
 436 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 437 {
 438         if (!expression->flipped) {
 439                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 440                 print_char('[');
 441                 print_expression(expression->index);
 442                 print_char(']');
 443         } else {
 444                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 445                 print_char('[');
 446                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 447                 print_char(']');
 448         }
 449 }
 450
 451 /**
 452  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 453  *
 454  * @param expression   the type property expression
 455  */
 456 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 457 {
 458         switch (expression->base.kind) {
 459         case EXPR_SIZEOF:  print_string("sizeof");      break;
 460         case EXPR_ALIGNOF: print_string("__alignof__"); break;
 461         default:           panic("invalid typeprop kind");
 462         }
 463         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 464                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 465                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 466         } else {
 467                 print_char('(');
 468                 print_type(expression->type);
 469                 print_char(')');
 470         }
 471 }
 472
 473 /**
 474  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 475  *
 476  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 477  */
 478 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 479 {
 480         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 481         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 482         print_char(')');
 483 }
 484
 485 /**
 486  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 487  *
 488  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 489  */
 490 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 491                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 492 {
 493         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 494         print_type(expression->left);
 495         print_string(", ");
 496         print_type(expression->right);
 497         print_char(')');
 498 }
 499
 500 /**
 501  * Prints a conditional expression.
 502  *
 503  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 504  */
 505 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 506 {
 507         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 508         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 509                 print_string(" ? ");
 510                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 511                 print_string(" : ");
 512         } else {
 513                 print_string(" ?: ");
 514         }
 515         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 516         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 517 }
 518
 519 /**
 520  * Prints a va_start expression.
 521  *
 522  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 523  */
 524 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 525 {
 526         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 527         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 528         print_string(", ");
 529         print_assignment_expression(expression->parameter);
 530         print_char(')');
 531 }
 532
 533 /**
 534  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 535  *
 536  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 537  */
 538 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 539 {
 540         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 541         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 542         print_string(", ");
 543         print_type(expression->base.type);
 544         print_char(')');
 545 }
 546
 547 /**
 548  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 549  *
 550  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 551  */
 552 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 553 {
 554         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 555         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 556         print_string(", ");
 557         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 558         print_char(')');
 559 }
 560
 561 /**
 562  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 563  *
 564  * @param expression   the select expression
 565  */
 566 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 567 {
 568         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 569         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 570          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 571          */
 572         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 573                 return;
 574
 575         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 576                 print_string("->");
 577         } else {
 578                 print_char('.');
 579         }
 580         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 581 }
 582
 583 /**
 584  * Prints a type classify expression.
 585  *
 586  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 587  */
 588 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 589         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 590 {
 591         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 592         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 593         print_char(')');
 594 }
 595
 596 /**
 597  * Prints a designator.
 598  *
 599  * @param designator  the designator
 600  */
 601 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 602 {
 603         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 604                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 605                         print_char('[');
 606                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 607                         print_char(']');
 608                 } else {
 609                         print_char('.');
 610                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 611                 }
 612         }
 613 }
 614
 615 /**
 616  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 617  *
 618  * @param expression   the offset expression
 619  */
 620 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 621 {
 622         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 623         print_type(expression->type);
 624         print_char(',');
 625         print_designator(expression->designator);
 626         print_char(')');
 627 }
 628
 629 /**
 630  * Prints a statement expression.
 631  *
 632  * @param expression   the statement expression
 633  */
 634 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 635 {
 636         print_char('(');
 637         print_statement(expression->statement);
 638         print_char(')');
 639 }
 640
 641 static bool needs_parentheses(expression_t const *const expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 642 {
 643         if (expr->base.parenthesized)
 644                 return true;
 645
 646         if (top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expr->base.kind))
 647                 return true;
 648
 649         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) {
 650                 switch (expr->kind) {
 651                 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
 652                 case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 653                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
 654                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 655                 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 656                 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 657                         /* Do not print () around subexpressions consisting of a single token. */
 658                         return false;
 659
 660                 default:
 661                         return true;
 662                 }
 663         }
 664
 665         return false;
 666 }
 667
 668 /**
 669  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 670  *
 671  * @param expression  the expression to print
 672  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 673  */
 674 static void print_expression_prec(expression_t const *expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 675 {
 676         if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST && expr->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 677                 expr = expr->unary.value;
 678         }
 679
 680         bool const parenthesized = needs_parentheses(expr, top_prec);
 681
 682         if (parenthesized)
 683                 print_char('(');
 684         switch (expr->kind) {
 685         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 686         case EXPR_SIZEOF:                     print_typeprop_expression(     &expr->typeprop);                 break;
 687         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:               print_array_expression(        &expr->array_access);             break;
 688         case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:               print_binary_expression(       &expr->binary);                   break;
 689         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:         print_builtin_constant(        &expr->builtin_constant);         break;
 690         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: print_builtin_types_compatible(&expr->builtin_types_compatible); break;
 691         case EXPR_CALL:                       print_call_expression(         &expr->call);                     break;
 692         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:              print_classify_type_expression(&expr->classify_type);            break;
 693         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:           print_compound_literal(        &expr->compound_literal);         break;
 694         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:                print_conditional(             &expr->conditional);              break;
 695         case EXPR_ERROR:                      print_string("$error$");                                         break;
 696         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:                   print_funcname(                &expr->funcname);                 break;
 697         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:              print_label_address_expression(&expr->label_address);            break;
 698         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:              print_literal(                 &expr->literal);                  break;
 699         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:          print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '\'');     break;
 700         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:                   print_offsetof_expression(     &expr->offsetofe);                break;
 701         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 702         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:              print_reference_expression(    &expr->reference);                break;
 703         case EXPR_SELECT:                     print_select(                  &expr->select);                   break;
 704         case EXPR_STATEMENT:                  print_statement_expression(    &expr->statement);                break;
 705         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:             print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '"');      break;
 706         case EXPR_UNARY_CASES:                print_unary_expression(        &expr->unary);                    break;
 707         case EXPR_VA_ARG:                     print_va_arg(                  &expr->va_arge);                  break;
 708         case EXPR_VA_COPY:                    print_va_copy(                 &expr->va_copye);                 break;
 709         case EXPR_VA_START:                   print_va_start(                &expr->va_starte);                break;
 710         }
 711         if (parenthesized)
 712                 print_char(')');
 713 }
 714
 715 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 716 {
 717         switch (stmt->kind) {
 718         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 719                 break;
 720
 721         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 722                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 723                         print_char('\t');
 724                 break;
 725
 726         default:
 727                 print_indent();
 728                 break;
 729         }
 730         print_statement(stmt);
 731 }
 732
 733 /**
 734  * Print an compound statement.
 735  *
 736  * @param block  the compound statement
 737  */
 738 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 739 {
 740         print_string("{\n");
 741         ++indent;
 742
 743         for (statement_t const *stmt = block->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
 744                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 745                 print_char('\n');
 746         }
 747
 748         --indent;
 749         print_indent();
 750         print_char('}');
 751 }
 752
 753 /**
 754  * Print a return statement.
 755  *
 756  * @param statement  the return statement
 757  */
 758 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 759 {
 760         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 761         if (val != NULL) {
 762                 print_string("return ");
 763                 print_expression(val);
 764                 print_char(';');
 765         } else {
 766                 print_string("return;");
 767         }
 768 }
 769
 770 /**
 771  * Print an expression statement.
 772  *
 773  * @param statement  the expression statement
 774  */
 775 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 776 {
 777         print_expression(statement->expression);
 778         print_char(';');
 779 }
 780
 781 /**
 782  * Print a computed goto statement.
 783  *
 784  * @param statement  the computed goto statement
 785  */
 786 static void print_computed_goto_statement(computed_goto_statement_t const *const stmt)
 787 {
 788         print_string("goto *");
 789         print_expression(stmt->expression);
 790         print_char(';');
 791 }
 792
 793 /**
 794  * Print a goto statement.
 795  *
 796  * @param statement  the goto statement
 797  */
 798 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 799 {
 800         print_string("goto ");
 801         print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 802         print_char(';');
 803 }
 804
 805 /**
 806  * Print a label statement.
 807  *
 808  * @param statement  the label statement
 809  */
 810 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 811 {
 812         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 813         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 814 }
 815
 816 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 817 {
 818         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 819                 print_char(' ');
 820                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 821         } else {
 822                 print_char('\n');
 823                 ++indent;
 824                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 825                 --indent;
 826         }
 827 }
 828
 829 static void print_after_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 830 {
 831         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 832                 print_char(' ');
 833         } else {
 834                 print_char('\n');
 835                 print_indent();
 836         }
 837 }
 838
 839 /**
 840  * Print an if statement.
 841  *
 842  * @param statement  the if statement
 843  */
 844 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 845 {
 846         print_string("if (");
 847         print_expression(statement->condition);
 848         print_char(')');
 849         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 850
 851         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 852         if (f) {
 853                 print_after_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 854                 print_string("else");
 855                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 856                         print_char(' ');
 857                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 858                 } else {
 859                         print_inner_statement(f);
 860                 }
 861         }
 862 }
 863
 864 /**
 865  * Print a switch statement.
 866  *
 867  * @param statement  the switch statement
 868  */
 869 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 870 {
 871         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 872         case_indent = indent;
 873
 874         print_string("switch (");
 875         print_expression(statement->expression);
 876         print_char(')');
 877         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 878
 879         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 880 }
 881
 882 /**
 883  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 884  *
 885  * @param statement  the case label statement
 886  */
 887 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 888 {
 889         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 890                 print_string("default:\n");
 891         } else {
 892                 print_string("case ");
 893                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 894                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 895                         print_string(" ... ");
 896                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 897                 }
 898                 print_string(":\n");
 899         }
 900         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 901 }
 902
 903 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 904 {
 905         print_string("typedef ");
 906         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 907         print_char(';');
 908 }
 909
 910 /**
 911  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 912  * correspondenc in the source file
 913  */
 914 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 915 {
 916         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 917                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 918
 919         if (is_declaration(entity))
 920                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 921
 922         return false;
 923 }
 924
 925 /**
 926  * Print a declaration statement.
 927  *
 928  * @param statement   the statement
 929  */
 930 static void print_declaration_statement(
 931                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 932 {
 933         bool first = true;
 934         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 935         if (entity == NULL) {
 936                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 937                 return;
 938         }
 939
 940         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 941         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 942                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 943                         continue;
 944                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 945                         continue;
 946
 947                 if (!first) {
 948                         print_char('\n');
 949                         print_indent();
 950                 } else {
 951                         first = false;
 952                 }
 953
 954                 print_entity(entity);
 955         }
 956 }
 957
 958 /**
 959  * Print a while statement.
 960  *
 961  * @param statement   the statement
 962  */
 963 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 964 {
 965         print_string("while (");
 966         print_expression(statement->condition);
 967         print_char(')');
 968         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 969 }
 970
 971 /**
 972  * Print a do-while statement.
 973  *
 974  * @param statement   the statement
 975  */
 976 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 977 {
 978         print_string("do");
 979         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 980         print_after_inner_statement(statement->body);
 981         print_string("while (");
 982         print_expression(statement->condition);
 983         print_string(");");
 984 }
 985
 986 /**
 987  * Print a for statement.
 988  *
 989  * @param statement   the statement
 990  */
 991 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
 992 {
 993         print_string("for (");
 994         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
 995                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
 996                 print_char(';');
 997         } else {
 998                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
 999                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1000                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1001                                 continue;
1002                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
1003                         print_declaration(entity);
1004                 }
1005         }
1006         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1007                 print_char(' ');
1008                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1009         }
1010         print_char(';');
1011         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1012                 print_char(' ');
1013                 print_expression(statement->step);
1014         }
1015         print_char(')');
1016         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1017 }
1018
1019 /**
1020  * Print assembler arguments.
1021  *
1022  * @param arguments   the arguments
1023  */
1024 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1025 {
1026         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1027         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1028                 if (argument != arguments)
1029                         print_string(", ");
1030
1031                 if (argument->symbol) {
1032                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1033                 }
1034                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"');
1035                 print_string(" (");
1036                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1037                 print_char(')');
1038         }
1039 }
1040
1041 /**
1042  * Print assembler clobbers.
1043  *
1044  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1045  */
1046 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1047 {
1048         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1049         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1050                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1051                         print_string(", ");
1052
1053                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"');
1054         }
1055 }
1056
1057 /**
1058  * Print an assembler statement.
1059  *
1060  * @param statement   the statement
1061  */
1062 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1063 {
1064         print_string("asm ");
1065         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1066                 print_string("volatile ");
1067         }
1068         print_char('(');
1069         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"');
1070         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1071             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1072             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1073                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1074
1075         print_string(" : ");
1076         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1077         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1078                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1079
1080         print_string(" : ");
1081         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1082         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1083                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1084
1085         print_string(" : ");
1086         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1087
1088 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1089         print_string(");");
1090 }
1091
1092 /**
1093  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1094  *
1095  * @param statement   the statement
1096  */
1097 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1098 {
1099         print_string("__try");
1100         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1101         print_after_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1102         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1103                 print_string("__except(");
1104                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1105                 print_char(')');
1106         } else {
1107                 print_string("__finally");
1108         }
1109         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1110 }
1111
1112 /**
1113  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1114  *
1115  * @param statement   the statement
1116  */
1117 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1118 {
1119         (void)statement;
1120         print_string("__leave;");
1121 }
1122
1123 /**
1124  * Print a statement.
1125  *
1126  * @param statement   the statement
1127  */
1128 void print_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
1129 {
1130         switch (stmt->kind) {
1131         case STATEMENT_ASM:           print_asm_statement(          &stmt->asms);          break;
1132         case STATEMENT_BREAK:         print_string("break;");                              break;
1133         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:    print_case_label(             &stmt->case_label);    break;
1134         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:      print_compound_statement(     &stmt->compound);      break;
1135         case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: print_computed_goto_statement(&stmt->computed_goto); break;
1136         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:      print_string("continue;");                           break;
1137         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:   print_declaration_statement(  &stmt->declaration);   break;
1138         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:      print_do_while_statement(     &stmt->do_while);      break;
1139         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:         print_char(';');                                     break;
1140         case STATEMENT_ERROR:         print_string("$error statement$");                   break;
1141         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:    print_expression_statement(   &stmt->expression);    break;
1142         case STATEMENT_FOR:           print_for_statement(          &stmt->fors);          break;
1143         case STATEMENT_GOTO:          print_goto_statement(         &stmt->gotos);         break;
1144         case STATEMENT_IF:            print_if_statement(           &stmt->ifs);           break;
1145         case STATEMENT_LABEL:         print_label_statement(        &stmt->label);         break;
1146         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:         print_leave_statement(        &stmt->leave);         break;
1147         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:        print_ms_try_statement(       &stmt->ms_try);        break;
1148         case STATEMENT_RETURN:        print_return_statement(       &stmt->returns);       break;
1149         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:        print_switch_statement(       &stmt->switchs);       break;
1150         case STATEMENT_WHILE:         print_while_statement(        &stmt->whiles);        break;
1151         }
1152 }
1153
1154 /**
1155  * Print a storage class.
1156  *
1157  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1158  */
1159 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1160 {
1161         switch (storage_class) {
1162         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1163         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1164         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1165         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1166         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1167         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1168         }
1169         panic("invalid storage class");
1170 }
1171
1172 /**
1173  * Print an initializer.
1174  *
1175  * @param initializer  the initializer
1176  */
1177 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1178 {
1179         if (initializer == NULL) {
1180                 print_string("{}");
1181                 return;
1182         }
1183
1184         switch (initializer->kind) {
1185         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1186         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1187                 print_assignment_expression(initializer->value.value);
1188                 return;
1189
1190         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1191                 print_string("{ ");
1192                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1193
1194                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1195                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1196                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1197                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1198                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1199                                         print_string(", ");
1200                         }
1201                 }
1202                 print_string(" }");
1203                 return;
1204         }
1205
1206         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1207                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1208                 print_string(" = ");
1209                 return;
1210         }
1211
1212         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1213 }
1214
1215 #if 0
1216 /**
1217  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1218  */
1219 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1220 {
1221         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1222                 return;
1223
1224         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1225
1226         bool        ds_shown = false;
1227         const char *next     = "(";
1228
1229         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1230                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1231                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1232                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1233                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1234                         if (!ds_shown) {
1235                                 print_string("__declspec");
1236                                 ds_shown = true;
1237                         }
1238
1239                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1240                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_format("align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1241                         }
1242                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1243                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1244                                 char *comma = "";
1245                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("property(");
1246                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1247                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1248                                         comma = ", ";
1249                                 }
1250                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1251                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1252                                 print_char(')');
1253                         }
1254                 }
1255         }
1256
1257         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1258         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1259                 if (!ds_shown) {
1260                         print_string("__declspec");
1261                         ds_shown = true;
1262                 }
1263                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1264                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllimport");
1265                 }
1266                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1267                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllexport");
1268                 }
1269                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1270                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1271                 }
1272                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1273                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("naked");
1274                 }
1275                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1276                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1277                 }
1278                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1279                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("selectany");
1280                 }
1281                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1282                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("nothrow");
1283                 }
1284                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1285                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noreturn");
1286                 }
1287                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1288                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noinline");
1289                 }
1290                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1291                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("deprecated");
1292                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1293                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1294                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1295                 }
1296                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1297                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("restrict");
1298                 }
1299                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1300                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noalias");
1301                 }
1302         }
1303
1304         if (ds_shown)
1305                 print_string(") ");
1306 }
1307 #endif
1308
1309 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1310 {
1311         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1312         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1313                 print_indent();
1314                 print_entity(entity);
1315                 print_char('\n');
1316         }
1317 }
1318
1319 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1320 {
1321         print_string("namespace ");
1322         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1323                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1324                 print_char(' ');
1325         }
1326
1327         print_string("{\n");
1328         ++indent;
1329
1330         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1331
1332         --indent;
1333         print_indent();
1334         print_string("}\n");
1335 }
1336
1337 /**
1338  * Print a variable or function declaration
1339  */
1340 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1341 {
1342         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1343         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1344
1345         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1346         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1347                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1348                 if (function->is_inline) {
1349                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1350                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1351                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1352                                 print_string("__inline ");
1353                         } else {
1354                                 print_string("inline ");
1355                         }
1356                 }
1357         }
1358         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1359         switch (entity->kind) {
1360                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1361                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1362                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1363
1364                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1365                                 print_char('\n');
1366                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.statement);
1367                                 print_char('\n');
1368                                 return;
1369                         }
1370                         break;
1371
1372                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1373                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1374                                 print_string("__thread ");
1375                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1376                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1377                                 print_string(" = ");
1378                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1379                         }
1380                         break;
1381
1382                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1383                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1384                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1385                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1386                         }
1387                         break;
1388
1389                 default:
1390                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1391                         break;
1392         }
1393         print_char(';');
1394 }
1395
1396 /**
1397  * Prints an expression.
1398  *
1399  * @param expression  the expression
1400  */
1401 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1402 {
1403         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1404 }
1405
1406 /**
1407  * Print a declaration.
1408  *
1409  * @param declaration  the declaration
1410  */
1411 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1412 {
1413         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1414                 return;
1415
1416         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1417         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1418         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1419         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1420         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1421                 print_declaration(entity);
1422                 return;
1423         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1424                 print_typedef(entity);
1425                 return;
1426         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1427                 /* TODO */
1428                 print_string("class ");
1429                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1430                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1431                 return;
1432         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1433                 print_string("struct ");
1434                 goto print_compound;
1435         case ENTITY_UNION:
1436                 print_string("union ");
1437 print_compound:
1438                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1439                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1440                         print_char(' ');
1441                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1442                 }
1443                 print_char(';');
1444                 return;
1445         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1446                 print_string("enum ");
1447                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1448                 print_char(' ');
1449                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1450                 print_char(';');
1451                 return;
1452         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1453                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1454                 return;
1455         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1456                 print_string("__label__ ");
1457                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1458                 print_char(';');
1459                 return;
1460         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1461         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1462                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1463         }
1464         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1465 }
1466
1467 /**
1468  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1469  *
1470  * @param unit   the translation unit
1471  */
1472 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1473 {
1474         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1475         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1476                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1477                         continue;
1478                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1479                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1480                         continue;
1481                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1482                         continue;
1483
1484                 print_indent();
1485                 print_entity(entity);
1486                 print_char('\n');
1487         }
1488 }
1489
1490 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1491 {
1492         switch (initializer->kind) {
1493         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1494         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1495                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1496
1497         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1498                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1499
1500         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1501                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1502                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1503                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1504                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1505                         if (all > cur) {
1506                                 all = cur;
1507                         }
1508                 }
1509                 return all;
1510         }
1511         }
1512         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1513 }
1514
1515 /**
1516  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1517  * to the linker. Example:
1518  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1519  *         constant but the address of x is.
1520  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1521  */
1522 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1523         const expression_t *expression)
1524 {
1525         switch (expression->kind) {
1526         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1527                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1528
1529         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1530                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1531                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1532                         /* it's a -> */
1533                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1534                 } else {
1535                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1536                 }
1537         }
1538
1539         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1540                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1541                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1542                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1543         }
1544
1545         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1546                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1547                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1548                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1549
1550                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1551                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1552                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1553                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1554                         return
1555                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1556                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1557                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1558
1559                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1560                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1561                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1562                         break;
1563                 }
1564                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1565         }
1566
1567         case EXPR_ERROR:
1568                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1569
1570         default:
1571                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1572         }
1573 }
1574
1575 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1576 {
1577         switch (expression->kind) {
1578         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1579         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1580         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1581                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1582
1583         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1584                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1585
1586         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1587                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1588
1589         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1590                 type_t *real_type
1591                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1592                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1593                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1594                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1595                 }
1596                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1597         }
1598
1599         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1600                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1601                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1602                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1603                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1604                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1605                     ))
1606                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1607
1608                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1609         }
1610
1611         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1612         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1613                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1614                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1615                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1616                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1617
1618                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1619                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1620                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1621                         return l < r ? l : r;
1622                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1623                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1624                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1625                         return l < r ? l : r;
1626                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1627                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1628                 } else {
1629                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1630                 }
1631         }
1632
1633         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1634                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1635                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1636                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1637
1638                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1639                 if (is_type_function(type))
1640                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1641                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1642                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1643                 }
1644                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1645                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1646                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1647                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1648         }
1649
1650         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1651                 type_t *const type =
1652                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1653                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1654                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1655                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1656         }
1657
1658         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1659                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1660                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1661                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1662                         return cclass;
1663
1664                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1665                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1666                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1667                 } else {
1668                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1669                 }
1670         }
1671
1672         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1673                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1674                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1675                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1676                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1677                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1678                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1679                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1680                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1681                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1682                                 /* it's a -> */
1683                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1684                         } else {
1685                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1686                         }
1687                 }
1688                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1689         }
1690
1691         default:
1692                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1693         }
1694 }
1695
1696 /**
1697  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1698  * returning a constant result.
1699  */
1700 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1701 {
1702         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1703         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1704                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1705         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1706         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1707                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1708
1709         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1710         case BUILTIN_INF:
1711         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1712                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1713         default:
1714                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1715         }
1716
1717 }
1718
1719 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1720 {
1721         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1722         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1723                 return expr_class;
1724
1725         switch (expression->kind) {
1726         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1727                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1728         default:
1729                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1730         }
1731 }
1732
1733 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1734 {
1735         switch (expression->kind) {
1736         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1737                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1738                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1739                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1740                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1741                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1742                 } else {
1743                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1744                 }
1745         }
1746
1747         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1748                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1749                         &expression->array_access;
1750                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1751                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1752                         return idx_class;
1753                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1754                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1755                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1756         }
1757
1758         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1759                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1760
1761         case EXPR_ERROR:
1762                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1763
1764         default:
1765                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1766         }
1767 }
1768
1769 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1770 {
1771         switch (expression->kind) {
1772         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1773         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1774         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1775         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1776         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1777         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1778         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1779         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1780                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1781
1782         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1783                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1784                 return
1785                         !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1786                         EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1787         }
1788
1789         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1790         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1791         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1792         case EXPR_SELECT:
1793         case EXPR_VA_START:
1794         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1795         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1796         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1797         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1798         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1799         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1800         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1801         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1802         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1803         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1804         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1805         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1806         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1807         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1808         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1809         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1810         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1811         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1812         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1813         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1814         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1815         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1816         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1817         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1818         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1819                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1820
1821         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1822                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1823                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1824         }
1825
1826         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1827                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1828
1829         case EXPR_CALL:
1830                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1831
1832         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1833         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1834         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1835         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1836                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1837
1838         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1839                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1840                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1841                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1842                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1843                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1844                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1845         }
1846
1847         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1848         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1849         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1850         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1851         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1852         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1853         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1854         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1855         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1856         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1857         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1858         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1859         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1860         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1861         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1862         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1863         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1864         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1865         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1866         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1867         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1868         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1869                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1870                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1871                 return l < r ? l : r;
1872         }
1873
1874         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1875                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1876                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1877                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1878                         return lclass;
1879                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1880                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1881                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1882         }
1883
1884         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1885                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1886                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1887                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1888                         return lclass;
1889                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1890                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1891                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1892         }
1893
1894         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1895                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1896
1897         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1898                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1899                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1900                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1901                         return cclass;
1902
1903                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1904                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1905                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1906                 } else {
1907                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1908                 }
1909         }
1910
1911         case EXPR_ERROR:
1912                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1913         }
1914         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1915 }
1916
1917 void init_ast(void)
1918 {
1919         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1920 }
1921
1922 void exit_ast(void)
1923 {
1924         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1925 }