nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "types.h"
  30
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <ctype.h>
  35
  36 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  37 #include <mathimf.h>
  38 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  39 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  40 #else
  41 #include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "adt/error.h"
  45 #include "adt/util.h"
  46
  47 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  48
  49 static int indent;
  50 static int case_indent;
  51
  52 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  53 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  54
  55 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  56 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  57
  58 void change_indent(int delta)
  59 {
  60         indent += delta;
  61         assert(indent >= 0);
  62 }
  63
  64 void print_indent(void)
  65 {
  66         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  67                 print_char('\t');
  68 }
  69
  70 /**
  71  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  72  * associativity, else 0.
  73  *
  74  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  75  */
  76 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  77 {
  78         switch (precedence) {
  79         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  80         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  81         case PREC_UNARY:
  82                 return 1;
  83
  84         default:
  85                 return 0;
  86         }
  87 }
  88
  89 /**
  90  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  91  *
  92  * @param kind   the expression kind
  93  */
  94 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  95 {
  96         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  97                 [EXPR_ERROR]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
  98                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 104                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 106                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 107                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 108                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 109                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 110                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 111                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 112                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 113
 114                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 115                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123
 124                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 125                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 139
 140                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 141                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 170
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 177         };
 178         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 179         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 180
 181         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 182         return res;
 183 }
 184
 185 /**
 186  * Print a quoted string constant.
 187  *
 188  * @param string  the string constant
 189  * @param border  the border char
 190  */
 191 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border)
 192 {
 193         print_string(get_string_encoding_prefix(string->encoding));
 194
 195         print_char(border);
 196         const char *end = string->begin + string->size;
 197         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 198                 const char tc = *c;
 199                 if (tc == border) {
 200                         print_char('\\');
 201                 }
 202                 switch (tc) {
 203                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 204                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 205                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 206                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 207                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 208                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 209                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 210                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 211                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 212                 case 27:
 213                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 214                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 215                         }
 216                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 217                 default:
 218                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 219                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 220                         } else {
 221                                 print_char(tc);
 222                         }
 223                         break;
 224                 }
 225         }
 226         print_char(border);
 227 }
 228
 229 static void print_string_literal(string_literal_expression_t const *const literal, char const delimiter)
 230 {
 231         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, delimiter);
 232 }
 233
 234 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 235 {
 236         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 237         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 238                 print_string("__noop");
 239                 return;
 240
 241         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 242         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 243         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 244                 print_string(literal->value.begin);
 245                 return;
 246
 247         default:
 248                 break;
 249         }
 250         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 251 }
 252
 253 /**
 254  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 255  */
 256 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 257 {
 258         const char *s = "";
 259         switch (funcname->kind) {
 260         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 261         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 262         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 263         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 264         }
 265         print_string(s);
 266 }
 267
 268 static void print_compound_literal(
 269                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 270 {
 271         print_char('(');
 272         print_type(expression->type);
 273         print_char(')');
 274         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 275 }
 276
 277 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 278 {
 279         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 280 }
 281
 282 /**
 283  * Prints a call expression.
 284  *
 285  * @param call  the call expression
 286  */
 287 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 288 {
 289         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 290         print_char('(');
 291         char const *sep = "";
 292         for (call_argument_t const *arg = call->arguments; arg; arg = arg->next) {
 293                 print_string(sep);
 294                 sep = ", ";
 295                 print_assignment_expression(arg->expression);
 296         }
 297         print_char(')');
 298 }
 299
 300 /**
 301  * Prints a binary expression.
 302  *
 303  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 304  */
 305 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 306 {
 307         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 308         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 309
 310         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 311         char const* op;
 312         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 313         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 314         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 315         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 316         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 317         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 318         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 319         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 320         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 321         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 322         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 323         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 324         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 325         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 326         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 327         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 328         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 329         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 330         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 331         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 332         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 333
 334         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 335         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 336         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 337         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 338         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 339         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 340         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 341         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 342         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 343         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 344         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 345         }
 346         print_string(op);
 347         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 348 }
 349
 350 /**
 351  * Prints an unary expression.
 352  *
 353  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 354  */
 355 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 356 {
 357         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 358         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 359         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_char  ('-' ); break;
 360         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_char  ('+' ); break;
 361         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_char  ('!' ); break;
 362         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_char  ('~' ); break;
 363         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 364         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 365         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_char  ('*' ); break;
 366         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_char  ('&' ); break;
 367         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 368         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 369
 370         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 371                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 372                 print_string("++");
 373                 return;
 374         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 375                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 376                 print_string("--");
 377                 return;
 378         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 379                 print_char('(');
 380                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 381                 print_char(')');
 382                 break;
 383         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 384                 print_string("__assume(");
 385                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 386                 print_char(')');
 387                 return;
 388
 389         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 390                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 391                         print_string("throw");
 392                         return;
 393                 }
 394                 print_string("throw ");
 395                 break;
 396
 397         default:
 398                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 399         }
 400         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 401 }
 402
 403 /**
 404  * Prints a reference expression.
 405  *
 406  * @param ref   the reference expression
 407  */
 408 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 409 {
 410         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 411 }
 412
 413 /**
 414  * Prints a label address expression.
 415  *
 416  * @param ref   the reference expression
 417  */
 418 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 419 {
 420         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 421 }
 422
 423 /**
 424  * Prints an array expression.
 425  *
 426  * @param expression   the array expression
 427  */
 428 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 429 {
 430         if (!expression->flipped) {
 431                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 432                 print_char('[');
 433                 print_expression(expression->index);
 434                 print_char(']');
 435         } else {
 436                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 437                 print_char('[');
 438                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 439                 print_char(']');
 440         }
 441 }
 442
 443 /**
 444  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 445  *
 446  * @param expression   the type property expression
 447  */
 448 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 449 {
 450         switch (expression->base.kind) {
 451         case EXPR_SIZEOF:  print_string("sizeof");                                   break;
 452         case EXPR_ALIGNOF: print_string(c_mode & _C11 ? "_Alignof" : "__alignof__"); break;
 453         default:           panic("invalid typeprop kind");
 454         }
 455         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 456                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 457                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 458         } else {
 459                 print_char('(');
 460                 print_type(expression->type);
 461                 print_char(')');
 462         }
 463 }
 464
 465 /**
 466  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 467  *
 468  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 469  */
 470 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 471 {
 472         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 473         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 474         print_char(')');
 475 }
 476
 477 /**
 478  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 479  *
 480  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 481  */
 482 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 483                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 484 {
 485         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 486         print_type(expression->left);
 487         print_string(", ");
 488         print_type(expression->right);
 489         print_char(')');
 490 }
 491
 492 /**
 493  * Prints a conditional expression.
 494  *
 495  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 496  */
 497 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 498 {
 499         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 500         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 501                 print_string(" ? ");
 502                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 503                 print_string(" : ");
 504         } else {
 505                 print_string(" ?: ");
 506         }
 507         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 508         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 509 }
 510
 511 /**
 512  * Prints a va_start expression.
 513  *
 514  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 515  */
 516 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 517 {
 518         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 519         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 520         print_string(", ");
 521         print_assignment_expression(expression->parameter);
 522         print_char(')');
 523 }
 524
 525 /**
 526  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 527  *
 528  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 529  */
 530 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 531 {
 532         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 533         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 534         print_string(", ");
 535         print_type(expression->base.type);
 536         print_char(')');
 537 }
 538
 539 /**
 540  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 541  *
 542  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 543  */
 544 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 545 {
 546         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 547         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 548         print_string(", ");
 549         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 550         print_char(')');
 551 }
 552
 553 /**
 554  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 555  *
 556  * @param expression   the select expression
 557  */
 558 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 559 {
 560         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 561         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 562          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 563          */
 564         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 565                 return;
 566
 567         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 568                 print_string("->");
 569         } else {
 570                 print_char('.');
 571         }
 572         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 573 }
 574
 575 /**
 576  * Prints a type classify expression.
 577  *
 578  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 579  */
 580 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 581         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 582 {
 583         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 584         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 585         print_char(')');
 586 }
 587
 588 /**
 589  * Prints a designator.
 590  *
 591  * @param designator  the designator
 592  */
 593 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 594 {
 595         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 596                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 597                         print_char('[');
 598                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 599                         print_char(']');
 600                 } else {
 601                         print_char('.');
 602                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 603                 }
 604         }
 605 }
 606
 607 /**
 608  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 609  *
 610  * @param expression   the offset expression
 611  */
 612 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 613 {
 614         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 615         print_type(expression->type);
 616         print_char(',');
 617         print_designator(expression->designator);
 618         print_char(')');
 619 }
 620
 621 /**
 622  * Prints a statement expression.
 623  *
 624  * @param expression   the statement expression
 625  */
 626 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 627 {
 628         print_char('(');
 629         print_statement(expression->statement);
 630         print_char(')');
 631 }
 632
 633 static bool needs_parentheses(expression_t const *const expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 634 {
 635         if (expr->base.parenthesized)
 636                 return true;
 637
 638         if (top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expr->base.kind))
 639                 return true;
 640
 641         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) {
 642                 switch (expr->kind) {
 643                 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
 644                 case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 645                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
 646                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 647                 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 648                 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 649                         /* Do not print () around subexpressions consisting of a single token. */
 650                         return false;
 651
 652                 default:
 653                         return true;
 654                 }
 655         }
 656
 657         return false;
 658 }
 659
 660 /**
 661  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 662  *
 663  * @param expression  the expression to print
 664  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 665  */
 666 static void print_expression_prec(expression_t const *expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 667 {
 668         if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST && expr->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 669                 expr = expr->unary.value;
 670         }
 671
 672         bool const parenthesized = needs_parentheses(expr, top_prec);
 673
 674         if (parenthesized)
 675                 print_char('(');
 676         switch (expr->kind) {
 677         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 678         case EXPR_SIZEOF:                     print_typeprop_expression(     &expr->typeprop);                 break;
 679         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:               print_array_expression(        &expr->array_access);             break;
 680         case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:               print_binary_expression(       &expr->binary);                   break;
 681         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:         print_builtin_constant(        &expr->builtin_constant);         break;
 682         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: print_builtin_types_compatible(&expr->builtin_types_compatible); break;
 683         case EXPR_CALL:                       print_call_expression(         &expr->call);                     break;
 684         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:              print_classify_type_expression(&expr->classify_type);            break;
 685         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:           print_compound_literal(        &expr->compound_literal);         break;
 686         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:                print_conditional(             &expr->conditional);              break;
 687         case EXPR_ERROR:                      print_string("$error$");                                         break;
 688         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:                   print_funcname(                &expr->funcname);                 break;
 689         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:              print_label_address_expression(&expr->label_address);            break;
 690         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:              print_literal(                 &expr->literal);                  break;
 691         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:          print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '\'');     break;
 692         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:                   print_offsetof_expression(     &expr->offsetofe);                break;
 693         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 694         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:              print_reference_expression(    &expr->reference);                break;
 695         case EXPR_SELECT:                     print_select(                  &expr->select);                   break;
 696         case EXPR_STATEMENT:                  print_statement_expression(    &expr->statement);                break;
 697         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:             print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '"');      break;
 698         case EXPR_UNARY_CASES:                print_unary_expression(        &expr->unary);                    break;
 699         case EXPR_VA_ARG:                     print_va_arg(                  &expr->va_arge);                  break;
 700         case EXPR_VA_COPY:                    print_va_copy(                 &expr->va_copye);                 break;
 701         case EXPR_VA_START:                   print_va_start(                &expr->va_starte);                break;
 702         }
 703         if (parenthesized)
 704                 print_char(')');
 705 }
 706
 707 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 708 {
 709         switch (stmt->kind) {
 710         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 711                 break;
 712
 713         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 714                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 715                         print_char('\t');
 716                 break;
 717
 718         default:
 719                 print_indent();
 720                 break;
 721         }
 722         print_statement(stmt);
 723 }
 724
 725 /**
 726  * Print an compound statement.
 727  *
 728  * @param block  the compound statement
 729  */
 730 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 731 {
 732         print_string("{\n");
 733         ++indent;
 734
 735         for (statement_t const *stmt = block->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
 736                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 737                 print_char('\n');
 738         }
 739
 740         --indent;
 741         print_indent();
 742         print_char('}');
 743 }
 744
 745 /**
 746  * Print a return statement.
 747  *
 748  * @param statement  the return statement
 749  */
 750 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 751 {
 752         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 753         if (val != NULL) {
 754                 print_string("return ");
 755                 print_expression(val);
 756                 print_char(';');
 757         } else {
 758                 print_string("return;");
 759         }
 760 }
 761
 762 /**
 763  * Print an expression statement.
 764  *
 765  * @param statement  the expression statement
 766  */
 767 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 768 {
 769         print_expression(statement->expression);
 770         print_char(';');
 771 }
 772
 773 /**
 774  * Print a computed goto statement.
 775  *
 776  * @param statement  the computed goto statement
 777  */
 778 static void print_computed_goto_statement(computed_goto_statement_t const *const stmt)
 779 {
 780         print_string("goto *");
 781         print_expression(stmt->expression);
 782         print_char(';');
 783 }
 784
 785 /**
 786  * Print a goto statement.
 787  *
 788  * @param statement  the goto statement
 789  */
 790 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 791 {
 792         print_string("goto ");
 793         print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 794         print_char(';');
 795 }
 796
 797 /**
 798  * Print a label statement.
 799  *
 800  * @param statement  the label statement
 801  */
 802 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 803 {
 804         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 805         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 806 }
 807
 808 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 809 {
 810         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 811                 print_char(' ');
 812                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 813         } else {
 814                 print_char('\n');
 815                 ++indent;
 816                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 817                 --indent;
 818         }
 819 }
 820
 821 static void print_after_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 822 {
 823         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 824                 print_char(' ');
 825         } else {
 826                 print_char('\n');
 827                 print_indent();
 828         }
 829 }
 830
 831 /**
 832  * Print an if statement.
 833  *
 834  * @param statement  the if statement
 835  */
 836 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 837 {
 838         print_string("if (");
 839         print_expression(statement->condition);
 840         print_char(')');
 841         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 842
 843         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 844         if (f) {
 845                 print_after_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 846                 print_string("else");
 847                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 848                         print_char(' ');
 849                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 850                 } else {
 851                         print_inner_statement(f);
 852                 }
 853         }
 854 }
 855
 856 /**
 857  * Print a switch statement.
 858  *
 859  * @param statement  the switch statement
 860  */
 861 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 862 {
 863         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 864         case_indent = indent;
 865
 866         print_string("switch (");
 867         print_expression(statement->expression);
 868         print_char(')');
 869         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 870
 871         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 872 }
 873
 874 /**
 875  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 876  *
 877  * @param statement  the case label statement
 878  */
 879 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 880 {
 881         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 882                 print_string("default:\n");
 883         } else {
 884                 print_string("case ");
 885                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 886                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 887                         print_string(" ... ");
 888                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 889                 }
 890                 print_string(":\n");
 891         }
 892         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 893 }
 894
 895 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 896 {
 897         print_string("typedef ");
 898         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 899         print_char(';');
 900 }
 901
 902 /**
 903  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 904  * correspondenc in the source file
 905  */
 906 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 907 {
 908         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 909                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 910
 911         if (is_declaration(entity))
 912                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 913
 914         return false;
 915 }
 916
 917 /**
 918  * Print a declaration statement.
 919  *
 920  * @param statement   the statement
 921  */
 922 static void print_declaration_statement(
 923                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 924 {
 925         bool first = true;
 926         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 927         if (entity == NULL) {
 928                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 929                 return;
 930         }
 931
 932         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 933         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 934                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 935                         continue;
 936                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 937                         continue;
 938
 939                 if (!first) {
 940                         print_char('\n');
 941                         print_indent();
 942                 } else {
 943                         first = false;
 944                 }
 945
 946                 print_entity(entity);
 947         }
 948 }
 949
 950 /**
 951  * Print a while statement.
 952  *
 953  * @param statement   the statement
 954  */
 955 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 956 {
 957         print_string("while (");
 958         print_expression(statement->condition);
 959         print_char(')');
 960         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 961 }
 962
 963 /**
 964  * Print a do-while statement.
 965  *
 966  * @param statement   the statement
 967  */
 968 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 969 {
 970         print_string("do");
 971         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 972         print_after_inner_statement(statement->body);
 973         print_string("while (");
 974         print_expression(statement->condition);
 975         print_string(");");
 976 }
 977
 978 /**
 979  * Print a for statement.
 980  *
 981  * @param statement   the statement
 982  */
 983 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
 984 {
 985         print_string("for (");
 986         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
 987                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
 988                 print_char(';');
 989         } else {
 990                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
 991                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
 992                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 993                                 continue;
 994                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
 995                         print_declaration(entity);
 996                 }
 997         }
 998         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
 999                 print_char(' ');
1000                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1001         }
1002         print_char(';');
1003         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1004                 print_char(' ');
1005                 print_expression(statement->step);
1006         }
1007         print_char(')');
1008         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1009 }
1010
1011 /**
1012  * Print assembler arguments.
1013  *
1014  * @param arguments   the arguments
1015  */
1016 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1017 {
1018         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1019         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1020                 if (argument != arguments)
1021                         print_string(", ");
1022
1023                 if (argument->symbol) {
1024                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1025                 }
1026                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"');
1027                 print_string(" (");
1028                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1029                 print_char(')');
1030         }
1031 }
1032
1033 /**
1034  * Print assembler clobbers.
1035  *
1036  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1037  */
1038 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1039 {
1040         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1041         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1042                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1043                         print_string(", ");
1044
1045                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"');
1046         }
1047 }
1048
1049 /**
1050  * Print an assembler statement.
1051  *
1052  * @param statement   the statement
1053  */
1054 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1055 {
1056         print_string("asm ");
1057         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1058                 print_string("volatile ");
1059         }
1060         print_char('(');
1061         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"');
1062         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1063             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1064             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1065                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1066
1067         print_string(" : ");
1068         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1069         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1070                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1071
1072         print_string(" : ");
1073         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1074         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1075                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1076
1077         print_string(" : ");
1078         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1079
1080 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1081         print_string(");");
1082 }
1083
1084 /**
1085  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1086  *
1087  * @param statement   the statement
1088  */
1089 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1090 {
1091         print_string("__try");
1092         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1093         print_after_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1094         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1095                 print_string("__except(");
1096                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1097                 print_char(')');
1098         } else {
1099                 print_string("__finally");
1100         }
1101         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1102 }
1103
1104 /**
1105  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1106  *
1107  * @param statement   the statement
1108  */
1109 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1110 {
1111         (void)statement;
1112         print_string("__leave;");
1113 }
1114
1115 /**
1116  * Print a statement.
1117  *
1118  * @param statement   the statement
1119  */
1120 void print_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
1121 {
1122         switch (stmt->kind) {
1123         case STATEMENT_ASM:           print_asm_statement(          &stmt->asms);          break;
1124         case STATEMENT_BREAK:         print_string("break;");                              break;
1125         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:    print_case_label(             &stmt->case_label);    break;
1126         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:      print_compound_statement(     &stmt->compound);      break;
1127         case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: print_computed_goto_statement(&stmt->computed_goto); break;
1128         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:      print_string("continue;");                           break;
1129         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:   print_declaration_statement(  &stmt->declaration);   break;
1130         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:      print_do_while_statement(     &stmt->do_while);      break;
1131         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:         print_char(';');                                     break;
1132         case STATEMENT_ERROR:         print_string("$error statement$");                   break;
1133         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:    print_expression_statement(   &stmt->expression);    break;
1134         case STATEMENT_FOR:           print_for_statement(          &stmt->fors);          break;
1135         case STATEMENT_GOTO:          print_goto_statement(         &stmt->gotos);         break;
1136         case STATEMENT_IF:            print_if_statement(           &stmt->ifs);           break;
1137         case STATEMENT_LABEL:         print_label_statement(        &stmt->label);         break;
1138         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:         print_leave_statement(        &stmt->leave);         break;
1139         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:        print_ms_try_statement(       &stmt->ms_try);        break;
1140         case STATEMENT_RETURN:        print_return_statement(       &stmt->returns);       break;
1141         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:        print_switch_statement(       &stmt->switchs);       break;
1142         case STATEMENT_WHILE:         print_while_statement(        &stmt->whiles);        break;
1143         }
1144 }
1145
1146 /**
1147  * Print a storage class.
1148  *
1149  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1150  */
1151 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1152 {
1153         switch (storage_class) {
1154         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1155         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1156         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1157         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1158         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1159         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1160         }
1161         panic("invalid storage class");
1162 }
1163
1164 /**
1165  * Print an initializer.
1166  *
1167  * @param initializer  the initializer
1168  */
1169 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1170 {
1171         if (initializer == NULL) {
1172                 print_string("{}");
1173                 return;
1174         }
1175
1176         switch (initializer->kind) {
1177         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1178         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1179                 print_assignment_expression(initializer->value.value);
1180                 return;
1181
1182         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1183                 print_string("{ ");
1184                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1185
1186                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1187                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1188                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1189                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1190                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1191                                         print_string(", ");
1192                         }
1193                 }
1194                 print_string(" }");
1195                 return;
1196         }
1197
1198         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1199                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1200                 print_string(" = ");
1201                 return;
1202         }
1203
1204         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1205 }
1206
1207 #if 0
1208 /**
1209  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1210  */
1211 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1212 {
1213         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1214                 return;
1215
1216         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1217
1218         bool        ds_shown = false;
1219         const char *next     = "(";
1220
1221         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1222                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1223                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1224                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1225                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1226                         if (!ds_shown) {
1227                                 print_string("__declspec");
1228                                 ds_shown = true;
1229                         }
1230
1231                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1232                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_format("align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1233                         }
1234                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1235                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1236                                 char *comma = "";
1237                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("property(");
1238                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1239                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1240                                         comma = ", ";
1241                                 }
1242                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1243                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1244                                 print_char(')');
1245                         }
1246                 }
1247         }
1248
1249         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1250         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1251                 if (!ds_shown) {
1252                         print_string("__declspec");
1253                         ds_shown = true;
1254                 }
1255                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1256                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllimport");
1257                 }
1258                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1259                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllexport");
1260                 }
1261                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1262                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1263                 }
1264                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1265                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("naked");
1266                 }
1267                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1268                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1269                 }
1270                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1271                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("selectany");
1272                 }
1273                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1274                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("nothrow");
1275                 }
1276                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1277                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noreturn");
1278                 }
1279                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1280                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noinline");
1281                 }
1282                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1283                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("deprecated");
1284                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1285                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1286                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1287                 }
1288                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1289                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("restrict");
1290                 }
1291                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1292                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noalias");
1293                 }
1294         }
1295
1296         if (ds_shown)
1297                 print_string(") ");
1298 }
1299 #endif
1300
1301 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1302 {
1303         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1304         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1305                 print_indent();
1306                 print_entity(entity);
1307                 print_char('\n');
1308         }
1309 }
1310
1311 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1312 {
1313         print_string("namespace ");
1314         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1315                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1316                 print_char(' ');
1317         }
1318
1319         print_string("{\n");
1320         ++indent;
1321
1322         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1323
1324         --indent;
1325         print_indent();
1326         print_string("}\n");
1327 }
1328
1329 /**
1330  * Print a variable or function declaration
1331  */
1332 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1333 {
1334         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1335         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1336
1337         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1338         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1339                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1340                 if (function->is_inline) {
1341                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1342                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1343                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1344                                 print_string("__inline ");
1345                         } else {
1346                                 print_string("inline ");
1347                         }
1348                 }
1349         }
1350         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1351         switch (entity->kind) {
1352                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1353                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1354                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1355
1356                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1357                                 print_char('\n');
1358                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.statement);
1359                                 print_char('\n');
1360                                 return;
1361                         }
1362                         break;
1363
1364                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1365                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1366                                 print_string(c_mode & _C11 ? "_Thread_local " : "__thread ");
1367                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1368                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1369                                 print_string(" = ");
1370                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1371                         }
1372                         break;
1373
1374                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1375                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1376                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1377                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1378                         }
1379                         break;
1380
1381                 default:
1382                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1383                         break;
1384         }
1385         print_char(';');
1386 }
1387
1388 /**
1389  * Prints an expression.
1390  *
1391  * @param expression  the expression
1392  */
1393 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1394 {
1395         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1396 }
1397
1398 /**
1399  * Print a declaration.
1400  *
1401  * @param declaration  the declaration
1402  */
1403 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1404 {
1405         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1406                 return;
1407
1408         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1409         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1410         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1411         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1412         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1413                 print_declaration(entity);
1414                 return;
1415         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1416                 print_typedef(entity);
1417                 return;
1418         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1419                 /* TODO */
1420                 print_string("class ");
1421                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1422                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1423                 return;
1424         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1425                 print_string("struct ");
1426                 goto print_compound;
1427         case ENTITY_UNION:
1428                 print_string("union ");
1429 print_compound:
1430                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1431                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1432                         print_char(' ');
1433                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1434                 }
1435                 print_char(';');
1436                 return;
1437         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1438                 print_string("enum ");
1439                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1440                 print_char(' ');
1441                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1442                 print_char(';');
1443                 return;
1444         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1445                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1446                 return;
1447         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1448                 print_string("__label__ ");
1449                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1450                 print_char(';');
1451                 return;
1452         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1453         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1454                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1455         }
1456         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1457 }
1458
1459 /**
1460  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1461  *
1462  * @param unit   the translation unit
1463  */
1464 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1465 {
1466         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1467         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1468                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1469                         continue;
1470                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1471                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1472                         continue;
1473                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1474                         continue;
1475
1476                 print_indent();
1477                 print_entity(entity);
1478                 print_char('\n');
1479         }
1480 }
1481
1482 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1483 {
1484         switch (initializer->kind) {
1485         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1486         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1487                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1488
1489         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1490                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1491
1492         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1493                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1494                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1495                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1496                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1497                         if (all > cur) {
1498                                 all = cur;
1499                         }
1500                 }
1501                 return all;
1502         }
1503         }
1504         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1505 }
1506
1507 /**
1508  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1509  * to the linker. Example:
1510  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1511  *         constant but the address of x is.
1512  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1513  */
1514 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1515         const expression_t *expression)
1516 {
1517         switch (expression->kind) {
1518         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1519                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1520
1521         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1522                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1523                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1524                         /* it's a -> */
1525                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1526                 } else {
1527                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1528                 }
1529         }
1530
1531         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1532                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1533                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1534                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1535         }
1536
1537         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1538                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1539                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1540                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1541
1542                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1543                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1544                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1545                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1546                         return
1547                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1548                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1549                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1550
1551                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1552                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1553                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1554                         break;
1555                 }
1556                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1557         }
1558
1559         case EXPR_ERROR:
1560                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1561
1562         default:
1563                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1564         }
1565 }
1566
1567 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1568 {
1569         switch (expression->kind) {
1570         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1571         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1572         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1573                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1574
1575         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1576                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1577
1578         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1579                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1580
1581         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1582                 type_t *real_type
1583                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1584                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1585                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1586                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1587                 }
1588                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1589         }
1590
1591         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1592                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1593                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1594                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1595                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1596                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1597                     ))
1598                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1599
1600                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1601         }
1602
1603         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1604         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1605                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1606                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1607                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1608                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1609
1610                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1611                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1612                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1613                         return l < r ? l : r;
1614                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1615                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1616                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1617                         return l < r ? l : r;
1618                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1619                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1620                 } else {
1621                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1622                 }
1623         }
1624
1625         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1626                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1627                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1628                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1629
1630                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1631                 if (is_type_function(type))
1632                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1633                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1634                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1635                 }
1636                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1637                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1638                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1639                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1640         }
1641
1642         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1643                 type_t *const type =
1644                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1645                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1646                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1647                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1648         }
1649
1650         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1651                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1652                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1653                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1654                         return cclass;
1655
1656                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1657                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1658                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1659                 } else {
1660                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1661                 }
1662         }
1663
1664         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1665                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1666                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1667                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1668                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1669                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1670                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1671                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1672                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1673                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1674                                 /* it's a -> */
1675                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1676                         } else {
1677                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1678                         }
1679                 }
1680                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1681         }
1682
1683         default:
1684                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1685         }
1686 }
1687
1688 /**
1689  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1690  * returning a constant result.
1691  */
1692 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1693 {
1694         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1695         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1696                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1697         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1698         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1699                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1700
1701         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1702         case BUILTIN_INF:
1703         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1704                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1705         default:
1706                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1707         }
1708
1709 }
1710
1711 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1712 {
1713         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1714         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1715                 return expr_class;
1716
1717         switch (expression->kind) {
1718         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1719                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1720         default:
1721                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1722         }
1723 }
1724
1725 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1726 {
1727         switch (expression->kind) {
1728         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1729                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1730                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1731                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1732                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1733                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1734                 } else {
1735                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1736                 }
1737         }
1738
1739         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1740                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1741                         &expression->array_access;
1742                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1743                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1744                         return idx_class;
1745                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1746                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1747                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1748         }
1749
1750         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1751                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1752
1753         case EXPR_ERROR:
1754                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1755
1756         default:
1757                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1758         }
1759 }
1760
1761 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1762 {
1763         switch (expression->kind) {
1764         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1765         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1766         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1767         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
1768         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
1769                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1770
1771         {
1772                 type_t *type;
1773         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1774                 type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1775                 goto check_type;
1776
1777         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1778                 type = skip_typeref(expression->classify_type.type_expression->base.type);
1779                 goto check_type;
1780
1781         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
1782         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
1783                 type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1784                 goto check_type;
1785
1786         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1787                 type = skip_typeref(expression->offsetofe.type);
1788                 goto check_type;
1789
1790         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
1791                 type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1792                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1793                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1794                 goto check_type;
1795
1796 check_type:
1797                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1798         }
1799
1800         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: {
1801                 expression_classification_t const c = is_constant_expression(expression->builtin_constant.value);
1802                 return c != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1803         }
1804
1805         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1806         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1807         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1808         case EXPR_SELECT:
1809         case EXPR_VA_START:
1810         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1811         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1812         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1813         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1814         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1815         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1816         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1817         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1818         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1819         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1820         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1821         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1822         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1823         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1824         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1825         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1826         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1827         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1828         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1829         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1830         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1831         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1832         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1833         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1834         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1835                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1836
1837         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1838                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1839                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1840         }
1841
1842         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1843                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1844
1845         case EXPR_CALL:
1846                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1847
1848         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1849         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1850         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1851         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1852                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1853
1854         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1855                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1856                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1857                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1858                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1859                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1860                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1861         }
1862
1863         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1864         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1865         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1866         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1867         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1868         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1869         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1870         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1871         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1872         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1873         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1874         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1875         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1876         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1877         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1878         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1879         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1880         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1881         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1882         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1883         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1884         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1885                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1886                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1887                 return l < r ? l : r;
1888         }
1889
1890         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1891                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1892                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1893                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1894                         return lclass;
1895                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1896                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1897                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1898         }
1899
1900         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1901                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1902                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1903                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1904                         return lclass;
1905                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1906                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1907                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1908         }
1909
1910         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1911                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1912
1913         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1914                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1915                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1916                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1917                         return cclass;
1918
1919                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1920                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1921                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1922                 } else {
1923                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1924                 }
1925         }
1926
1927         case EXPR_ERROR:
1928                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1929         }
1930         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1931 }
1932
1933 void init_ast(void)
1934 {
1935         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1936 }
1937
1938 void exit_ast(void)
1939 {
1940         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1941 }