nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "separator_t.h"
  30 #include "types.h"
  31
  32 #include <assert.h>
  33 #include <stdio.h>
  34 #include <stdlib.h>
  35 #include <ctype.h>
  36
  37 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  38 #include <mathimf.h>
  39 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  40 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  41 #else
  42 #include <math.h>
  43 #endif
  44
  45 #include "adt/error.h"
  46 #include "adt/util.h"
  47
  48 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  49
  50 static int indent;
  51 static int case_indent;
  52
  53 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  54 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  55
  56 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  57 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  58
  59 void change_indent(int delta)
  60 {
  61         indent += delta;
  62         assert(indent >= 0);
  63 }
  64
  65 void print_indent(void)
  66 {
  67         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  68                 print_char('\t');
  69 }
  70
  71 /**
  72  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  73  * associativity, else 0.
  74  *
  75  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  76  */
  77 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  78 {
  79         switch (precedence) {
  80         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  81         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  82         case PREC_UNARY:
  83                 return 1;
  84
  85         default:
  86                 return 0;
  87         }
  88 }
  89
  90 /**
  91  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  92  *
  93  * @param kind   the expression kind
  94  */
  95 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  96 {
  97         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  98                 [EXPR_ERROR]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 104                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 107                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 108                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 109                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 110                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 111                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 112                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 113                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 114
 115                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124
 125                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 140
 141                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 171
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 178         };
 179         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 180         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 181
 182         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 183         return res;
 184 }
 185
 186 /**
 187  * Print a quoted string constant.
 188  *
 189  * @param string  the string constant
 190  * @param border  the border char
 191  */
 192 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border)
 193 {
 194         print_string(get_string_encoding_prefix(string->encoding));
 195
 196         print_char(border);
 197         const char *end = string->begin + string->size;
 198         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 199                 const char tc = *c;
 200                 if (tc == border) {
 201                         print_char('\\');
 202                 }
 203                 switch (tc) {
 204                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 205                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 206                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 207                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 208                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 209                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 210                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 211                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 212                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 213                 case 27:
 214                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 215                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 216                         }
 217                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 218                 default:
 219                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 220                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 221                         } else {
 222                                 print_char(tc);
 223                         }
 224                         break;
 225                 }
 226         }
 227         print_char(border);
 228 }
 229
 230 static void print_string_literal(string_literal_expression_t const *const literal, char const delimiter)
 231 {
 232         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, delimiter);
 233 }
 234
 235 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 236 {
 237         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 238         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 239                 print_string("__noop");
 240                 return;
 241
 242         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 243         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 244         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 245                 print_string(literal->value.begin);
 246                 return;
 247
 248         default:
 249                 break;
 250         }
 251         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 252 }
 253
 254 /**
 255  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 256  */
 257 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 258 {
 259         const char *s = "";
 260         switch (funcname->kind) {
 261         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 262         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 263         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 264         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 265         }
 266         print_string(s);
 267 }
 268
 269 static void print_compound_literal(
 270                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 271 {
 272         print_char('(');
 273         print_type(expression->type);
 274         print_char(')');
 275         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 276 }
 277
 278 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 279 {
 280         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 281 }
 282
 283 /**
 284  * Prints a call expression.
 285  *
 286  * @param call  the call expression
 287  */
 288 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 289 {
 290         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 291         print_char('(');
 292         separator_t sep = { "", ", " };
 293         for (call_argument_t const *arg = call->arguments; arg; arg = arg->next) {
 294                 print_string(sep_next(&sep));
 295                 print_assignment_expression(arg->expression);
 296         }
 297         print_char(')');
 298 }
 299
 300 /**
 301  * Prints a binary expression.
 302  *
 303  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 304  */
 305 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 306 {
 307         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 308         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 309
 310         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 311         char const* op;
 312         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 313         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 314         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 315         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 316         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 317         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 318         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 319         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 320         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 321         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 322         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 323         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 324         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 325         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 326         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 327         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 328         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 329         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 330         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 331         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 332         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 333
 334         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 335         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 336         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 337         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 338         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 339         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 340         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 341         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 342         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 343         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 344         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 345         }
 346         print_string(op);
 347         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 348 }
 349
 350 /**
 351  * Prints an unary expression.
 352  *
 353  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 354  */
 355 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 356 {
 357         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 358         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 359         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_char  ('-' ); break;
 360         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_char  ('+' ); break;
 361         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_char  ('!' ); break;
 362         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_char  ('~' ); break;
 363         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 364         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 365         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_char  ('*' ); break;
 366         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_char  ('&' ); break;
 367         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 368         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 369
 370         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 371                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 372                 print_string("++");
 373                 return;
 374         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 375                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 376                 print_string("--");
 377                 return;
 378         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 379                 print_char('(');
 380                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 381                 print_char(')');
 382                 break;
 383         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 384                 print_string("__assume(");
 385                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 386                 print_char(')');
 387                 return;
 388
 389         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 390                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 391                         print_string("throw");
 392                         return;
 393                 }
 394                 print_string("throw ");
 395                 break;
 396
 397         default:
 398                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 399         }
 400         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 401 }
 402
 403 /**
 404  * Prints a reference expression.
 405  *
 406  * @param ref   the reference expression
 407  */
 408 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 409 {
 410         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 411 }
 412
 413 /**
 414  * Prints a label address expression.
 415  *
 416  * @param ref   the reference expression
 417  */
 418 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 419 {
 420         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 421 }
 422
 423 /**
 424  * Prints an array expression.
 425  *
 426  * @param expression   the array expression
 427  */
 428 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 429 {
 430         if (!expression->flipped) {
 431                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 432                 print_char('[');
 433                 print_expression(expression->index);
 434                 print_char(']');
 435         } else {
 436                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 437                 print_char('[');
 438                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 439                 print_char(']');
 440         }
 441 }
 442
 443 /**
 444  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 445  *
 446  * @param expression   the type property expression
 447  */
 448 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 449 {
 450         switch (expression->base.kind) {
 451         case EXPR_SIZEOF:  print_string("sizeof");                                   break;
 452         case EXPR_ALIGNOF: print_string(c_mode & _C11 ? "_Alignof" : "__alignof__"); break;
 453         default:           panic("invalid typeprop kind");
 454         }
 455         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 456                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 457                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 458         } else {
 459                 print_char('(');
 460                 print_type(expression->type);
 461                 print_char(')');
 462         }
 463 }
 464
 465 /**
 466  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 467  *
 468  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 469  */
 470 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 471 {
 472         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 473         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 474         print_char(')');
 475 }
 476
 477 /**
 478  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 479  *
 480  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 481  */
 482 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 483                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 484 {
 485         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 486         print_type(expression->left);
 487         print_string(", ");
 488         print_type(expression->right);
 489         print_char(')');
 490 }
 491
 492 /**
 493  * Prints a conditional expression.
 494  *
 495  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 496  */
 497 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 498 {
 499         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 500         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 501                 print_string(" ? ");
 502                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 503                 print_string(" : ");
 504         } else {
 505                 print_string(" ?: ");
 506         }
 507         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 508         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 509 }
 510
 511 /**
 512  * Prints a va_start expression.
 513  *
 514  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 515  */
 516 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 517 {
 518         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 519         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 520         print_string(", ");
 521         print_assignment_expression(expression->parameter);
 522         print_char(')');
 523 }
 524
 525 /**
 526  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 527  *
 528  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 529  */
 530 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 531 {
 532         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 533         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 534         print_string(", ");
 535         print_type(expression->base.type);
 536         print_char(')');
 537 }
 538
 539 /**
 540  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 541  *
 542  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 543  */
 544 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 545 {
 546         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 547         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 548         print_string(", ");
 549         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 550         print_char(')');
 551 }
 552
 553 /**
 554  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 555  *
 556  * @param expression   the select expression
 557  */
 558 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 559 {
 560         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 561         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 562          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 563          */
 564         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 565                 return;
 566
 567         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 568                 print_string("->");
 569         } else {
 570                 print_char('.');
 571         }
 572         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 573 }
 574
 575 /**
 576  * Prints a type classify expression.
 577  *
 578  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 579  */
 580 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 581         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 582 {
 583         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 584         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 585         print_char(')');
 586 }
 587
 588 /**
 589  * Prints a designator.
 590  *
 591  * @param designator  the designator
 592  */
 593 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 594 {
 595         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 596                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 597                         print_char('[');
 598                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 599                         print_char(']');
 600                 } else {
 601                         print_char('.');
 602                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 603                 }
 604         }
 605 }
 606
 607 /**
 608  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 609  *
 610  * @param expression   the offset expression
 611  */
 612 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 613 {
 614         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 615         print_type(expression->type);
 616         print_char(',');
 617         print_designator(expression->designator);
 618         print_char(')');
 619 }
 620
 621 /**
 622  * Prints a statement expression.
 623  *
 624  * @param expression   the statement expression
 625  */
 626 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 627 {
 628         print_char('(');
 629         print_statement(expression->statement);
 630         print_char(')');
 631 }
 632
 633 static bool needs_parentheses(expression_t const *const expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 634 {
 635         if (expr->base.parenthesized)
 636                 return true;
 637
 638         if (top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expr->base.kind))
 639                 return true;
 640
 641         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) {
 642                 switch (expr->kind) {
 643                 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
 644                 case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 645                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
 646                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 647                 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 648                 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 649                         /* Do not print () around subexpressions consisting of a single token. */
 650                         return false;
 651
 652                 default:
 653                         return true;
 654                 }
 655         }
 656
 657         return false;
 658 }
 659
 660 /**
 661  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 662  *
 663  * @param expression  the expression to print
 664  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 665  */
 666 static void print_expression_prec(expression_t const *expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 667 {
 668         if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST && expr->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 669                 expr = expr->unary.value;
 670         }
 671
 672         bool const parenthesized = needs_parentheses(expr, top_prec);
 673
 674         if (parenthesized)
 675                 print_char('(');
 676         switch (expr->kind) {
 677         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 678         case EXPR_SIZEOF:                     print_typeprop_expression(     &expr->typeprop);                 break;
 679         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:               print_array_expression(        &expr->array_access);             break;
 680         case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:               print_binary_expression(       &expr->binary);                   break;
 681         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:         print_builtin_constant(        &expr->builtin_constant);         break;
 682         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: print_builtin_types_compatible(&expr->builtin_types_compatible); break;
 683         case EXPR_CALL:                       print_call_expression(         &expr->call);                     break;
 684         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:              print_classify_type_expression(&expr->classify_type);            break;
 685         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:           print_compound_literal(        &expr->compound_literal);         break;
 686         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:                print_conditional(             &expr->conditional);              break;
 687         case EXPR_ERROR:                      print_string("$error$");                                         break;
 688         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:                   print_funcname(                &expr->funcname);                 break;
 689         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:              print_label_address_expression(&expr->label_address);            break;
 690         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:              print_literal(                 &expr->literal);                  break;
 691         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:          print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '\'');     break;
 692         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:                   print_offsetof_expression(     &expr->offsetofe);                break;
 693         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 694         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:              print_reference_expression(    &expr->reference);                break;
 695         case EXPR_SELECT:                     print_select(                  &expr->select);                   break;
 696         case EXPR_STATEMENT:                  print_statement_expression(    &expr->statement);                break;
 697         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:             print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '"');      break;
 698         case EXPR_UNARY_CASES:                print_unary_expression(        &expr->unary);                    break;
 699         case EXPR_VA_ARG:                     print_va_arg(                  &expr->va_arge);                  break;
 700         case EXPR_VA_COPY:                    print_va_copy(                 &expr->va_copye);                 break;
 701         case EXPR_VA_START:                   print_va_start(                &expr->va_starte);                break;
 702         }
 703         if (parenthesized)
 704                 print_char(')');
 705 }
 706
 707 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 708 {
 709         switch (stmt->kind) {
 710         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 711                 break;
 712
 713         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 714                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 715                         print_char('\t');
 716                 break;
 717
 718         default:
 719                 print_indent();
 720                 break;
 721         }
 722         print_statement(stmt);
 723 }
 724
 725 /**
 726  * Print an compound statement.
 727  *
 728  * @param block  the compound statement
 729  */
 730 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 731 {
 732         print_string("{\n");
 733         ++indent;
 734
 735         for (statement_t const *stmt = block->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
 736                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 737                 print_char('\n');
 738         }
 739
 740         --indent;
 741         print_indent();
 742         print_char('}');
 743 }
 744
 745 /**
 746  * Print a return statement.
 747  *
 748  * @param statement  the return statement
 749  */
 750 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 751 {
 752         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 753         if (val != NULL) {
 754                 print_string("return ");
 755                 print_expression(val);
 756                 print_char(';');
 757         } else {
 758                 print_string("return;");
 759         }
 760 }
 761
 762 /**
 763  * Print an expression statement.
 764  *
 765  * @param statement  the expression statement
 766  */
 767 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 768 {
 769         print_expression(statement->expression);
 770         print_char(';');
 771 }
 772
 773 /**
 774  * Print a computed goto statement.
 775  *
 776  * @param statement  the computed goto statement
 777  */
 778 static void print_computed_goto_statement(computed_goto_statement_t const *const stmt)
 779 {
 780         print_string("goto *");
 781         print_expression(stmt->expression);
 782         print_char(';');
 783 }
 784
 785 /**
 786  * Print a goto statement.
 787  *
 788  * @param statement  the goto statement
 789  */
 790 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 791 {
 792         print_string("goto ");
 793         print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 794         print_char(';');
 795 }
 796
 797 /**
 798  * Print a label statement.
 799  *
 800  * @param statement  the label statement
 801  */
 802 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 803 {
 804         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 805         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 806 }
 807
 808 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 809 {
 810         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 811                 print_char(' ');
 812                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 813         } else {
 814                 print_char('\n');
 815                 ++indent;
 816                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 817                 --indent;
 818         }
 819 }
 820
 821 static void print_after_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 822 {
 823         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 824                 print_char(' ');
 825         } else {
 826                 print_char('\n');
 827                 print_indent();
 828         }
 829 }
 830
 831 /**
 832  * Print an if statement.
 833  *
 834  * @param statement  the if statement
 835  */
 836 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 837 {
 838         print_string("if (");
 839         print_expression(statement->condition);
 840         print_char(')');
 841         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 842
 843         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 844         if (f) {
 845                 print_after_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 846                 print_string("else");
 847                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 848                         print_char(' ');
 849                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 850                 } else {
 851                         print_inner_statement(f);
 852                 }
 853         }
 854 }
 855
 856 /**
 857  * Print a switch statement.
 858  *
 859  * @param statement  the switch statement
 860  */
 861 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 862 {
 863         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 864         case_indent = indent;
 865
 866         print_string("switch (");
 867         print_expression(statement->expression);
 868         print_char(')');
 869         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 870
 871         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 872 }
 873
 874 /**
 875  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 876  *
 877  * @param statement  the case label statement
 878  */
 879 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 880 {
 881         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 882                 print_string("default:\n");
 883         } else {
 884                 print_string("case ");
 885                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 886                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 887                         print_string(" ... ");
 888                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 889                 }
 890                 print_string(":\n");
 891         }
 892         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 893 }
 894
 895 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 896 {
 897         print_string("typedef ");
 898         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 899         print_char(';');
 900 }
 901
 902 /**
 903  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 904  * correspondenc in the source file
 905  */
 906 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 907 {
 908         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 909                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 910
 911         if (is_declaration(entity))
 912                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 913
 914         return false;
 915 }
 916
 917 /**
 918  * Print a declaration statement.
 919  *
 920  * @param statement   the statement
 921  */
 922 static void print_declaration_statement(
 923                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 924 {
 925         bool first = true;
 926         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 927         if (entity == NULL) {
 928                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 929                 return;
 930         }
 931
 932         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 933         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 934                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 935                         continue;
 936                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 937                         continue;
 938
 939                 if (!first) {
 940                         print_char('\n');
 941                         print_indent();
 942                 } else {
 943                         first = false;
 944                 }
 945
 946                 print_entity(entity);
 947         }
 948 }
 949
 950 /**
 951  * Print a do-while statement.
 952  *
 953  * @param statement   the statement
 954  */
 955 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 956 {
 957         print_string("do");
 958         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 959         print_after_inner_statement(statement->body);
 960         print_string("while (");
 961         print_expression(statement->condition);
 962         print_string(");");
 963 }
 964
 965 /**
 966  * Print a for statement.
 967  *
 968  * @param statement   the statement
 969  */
 970 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
 971 {
 972         if (statement->initialisation || statement->scope.entities || !statement->condition || statement->step) {
 973                 print_string("for (");
 974                 if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
 975                         print_expression(statement->initialisation);
 976                         print_char(';');
 977                 } else {
 978                         entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
 979                         for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
 980                                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 981                                         continue;
 982                                 /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
 983                                 print_declaration(entity);
 984                         }
 985                 }
 986                 if (statement->condition != NULL) {
 987                         print_char(' ');
 988                         print_expression(statement->condition);
 989                 }
 990                 print_char(';');
 991                 if (statement->step != NULL) {
 992                         print_char(' ');
 993                         print_expression(statement->step);
 994                 }
 995         } else {
 996                 print_string("while (");
 997                 print_expression(statement->condition);
 998         }
 999         print_char(')');
1000         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1001 }
1002
1003 /**
1004  * Print assembler arguments.
1005  *
1006  * @param arguments   the arguments
1007  */
1008 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t const *const arguments)
1009 {
1010         print_string(" :");
1011         separator_t sep = { " ", ", " };
1012         for (asm_argument_t const *i = arguments; i; i = i->next) {
1013                 print_string(sep_next(&sep));
1014                 if (i->symbol)
1015                         print_format("[%s] ", i->symbol->string);
1016                 print_quoted_string(&i->constraints, '"');
1017                 print_string(" (");
1018                 print_expression(i->expression);
1019                 print_char(')');
1020         }
1021 }
1022
1023 /**
1024  * Print assembler clobbers.
1025  *
1026  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1027  */
1028 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t const *const clobbers)
1029 {
1030         print_string(" :");
1031         separator_t sep = { " ", ", " };
1032         for (asm_clobber_t const *i = clobbers; i; i = i->next) {
1033                 print_string(sep_next(&sep));
1034                 print_quoted_string(&i->clobber, '"');
1035         }
1036 }
1037
1038 /**
1039  * Print an assembler statement.
1040  *
1041  * @param stmt   the statement
1042  */
1043 static void print_asm_statement(asm_statement_t const *const stmt)
1044 {
1045         print_string("asm");
1046         if (stmt->is_volatile) print_string(" volatile");
1047         print_char('(');
1048         print_quoted_string(&stmt->asm_text, '"');
1049
1050         unsigned const n =
1051                 stmt->clobbers ? 3 :
1052                 stmt->inputs   ? 2 :
1053                 stmt->outputs  ? 1 :
1054                 0;
1055         if (n >= 1) print_asm_arguments(stmt->outputs);
1056         if (n >= 2) print_asm_arguments(stmt->inputs);
1057         if (n >= 3) print_asm_clobbers( stmt->clobbers);
1058
1059         print_string(");");
1060 }
1061
1062 /**
1063  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1064  *
1065  * @param statement   the statement
1066  */
1067 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1068 {
1069         print_string("__try");
1070         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1071         print_after_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1072         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1073                 print_string("__except(");
1074                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1075                 print_char(')');
1076         } else {
1077                 print_string("__finally");
1078         }
1079         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1080 }
1081
1082 /**
1083  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1084  *
1085  * @param statement   the statement
1086  */
1087 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1088 {
1089         (void)statement;
1090         print_string("__leave;");
1091 }
1092
1093 /**
1094  * Print a statement.
1095  *
1096  * @param statement   the statement
1097  */
1098 void print_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
1099 {
1100         switch (stmt->kind) {
1101         case STATEMENT_ASM:           print_asm_statement(          &stmt->asms);          break;
1102         case STATEMENT_BREAK:         print_string("break;");                              break;
1103         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:    print_case_label(             &stmt->case_label);    break;
1104         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:      print_compound_statement(     &stmt->compound);      break;
1105         case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: print_computed_goto_statement(&stmt->computed_goto); break;
1106         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:      print_string("continue;");                           break;
1107         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:   print_declaration_statement(  &stmt->declaration);   break;
1108         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:      print_do_while_statement(     &stmt->do_while);      break;
1109         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:         print_char(';');                                     break;
1110         case STATEMENT_ERROR:         print_string("$error statement$");                   break;
1111         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:    print_expression_statement(   &stmt->expression);    break;
1112         case STATEMENT_FOR:           print_for_statement(          &stmt->fors);          break;
1113         case STATEMENT_GOTO:          print_goto_statement(         &stmt->gotos);         break;
1114         case STATEMENT_IF:            print_if_statement(           &stmt->ifs);           break;
1115         case STATEMENT_LABEL:         print_label_statement(        &stmt->label);         break;
1116         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:         print_leave_statement(        &stmt->leave);         break;
1117         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:        print_ms_try_statement(       &stmt->ms_try);        break;
1118         case STATEMENT_RETURN:        print_return_statement(       &stmt->returns);       break;
1119         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:        print_switch_statement(       &stmt->switchs);       break;
1120         }
1121 }
1122
1123 /**
1124  * Print a storage class.
1125  *
1126  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1127  */
1128 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1129 {
1130         switch (storage_class) {
1131         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1132         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1133         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1134         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1135         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1136         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1137         }
1138         panic("invalid storage class");
1139 }
1140
1141 /**
1142  * Print an initializer.
1143  *
1144  * @param initializer  the initializer
1145  */
1146 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1147 {
1148         if (initializer == NULL) {
1149                 print_string("{}");
1150                 return;
1151         }
1152
1153         switch (initializer->kind) {
1154         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1155         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1156                 print_assignment_expression(initializer->value.value);
1157                 return;
1158
1159         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1160                 print_string("{ ");
1161                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1162
1163                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1164                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1165                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1166                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1167                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1168                                         print_string(", ");
1169                         }
1170                 }
1171                 print_string(" }");
1172                 return;
1173         }
1174
1175         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1176                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1177                 print_string(" = ");
1178                 return;
1179         }
1180
1181         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1182 }
1183
1184 #if 0
1185 /**
1186  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1187  */
1188 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1189 {
1190         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1191                 return;
1192
1193         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1194
1195         separator_t sep = { "__declspec(", ", " };
1196
1197         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1198                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1199                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1200                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1201                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1202                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1203                                 print_format("%salign(%u)", sep_next(&sep), variable->alignment);
1204                         }
1205                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1206                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1207                                 char *comma = "";
1208                                 print_format("%sproperty(", sep_next(&sep));
1209                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1210                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1211                                         comma = ", ";
1212                                 }
1213                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1214                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1215                                 print_char(')');
1216                         }
1217                 }
1218         }
1219
1220         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1221         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1222                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1223                         print_format("%sdllimport", sep_next(&sep));
1224                 }
1225                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1226                         print_format("%sdllexport", sep_next(&sep));
1227                 }
1228                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1229                         print_format("%sthread", sep_next(&sep));
1230                 }
1231                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1232                         print_format("%snaked", sep_next(&sep));
1233                 }
1234                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1235                         print_format("%sthread", sep_next(&sep));
1236                 }
1237                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1238                         print_format("%sselectany", sep_next(&sep));
1239                 }
1240                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1241                         print_format("%snothrow", sep_next(&sep));
1242                 }
1243                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1244                         print_format("%snoreturn", sep_next(&sep));
1245                 }
1246                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1247                         print_format("%snoinline", sep_next(&sep));
1248                 }
1249                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1250                         print_format("%sdeprecated", sep_next(&sep));
1251                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1252                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1253                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1254                 }
1255                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1256                         print_format("%srestrict", sep_next(&sep));
1257                 }
1258                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1259                         print_format("%snoalias", sep_next(&sep));
1260                 }
1261         }
1262
1263         if (!sep_at_first(&sep))
1264                 print_string(") ");
1265 }
1266 #endif
1267
1268 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1269 {
1270         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1271         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1272                 print_indent();
1273                 print_entity(entity);
1274                 print_char('\n');
1275         }
1276 }
1277
1278 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1279 {
1280         print_string("namespace ");
1281         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1282                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1283                 print_char(' ');
1284         }
1285
1286         print_string("{\n");
1287         ++indent;
1288
1289         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1290
1291         --indent;
1292         print_indent();
1293         print_string("}\n");
1294 }
1295
1296 /**
1297  * Print a variable or function declaration
1298  */
1299 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1300 {
1301         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1302         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1303
1304         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1305         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1306                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1307                 if (function->is_inline) {
1308                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1309                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1310                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1311                                 print_string("__inline ");
1312                         } else {
1313                                 print_string("inline ");
1314                         }
1315                 }
1316         }
1317         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1318         switch (entity->kind) {
1319                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1320                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1321                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1322
1323                         if (entity->function.body != NULL) {
1324                                 print_char('\n');
1325                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.body);
1326                                 print_char('\n');
1327                                 return;
1328                         }
1329                         break;
1330
1331                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1332                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1333                                 print_string(c_mode & _C11 ? "_Thread_local " : "__thread ");
1334                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1335                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1336                                 print_string(" = ");
1337                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1338                         }
1339                         break;
1340
1341                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1342                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1343                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1344                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1345                         }
1346                         break;
1347
1348                 default:
1349                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1350                         break;
1351         }
1352         print_char(';');
1353 }
1354
1355 /**
1356  * Prints an expression.
1357  *
1358  * @param expression  the expression
1359  */
1360 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1361 {
1362         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1363 }
1364
1365 /**
1366  * Print a declaration.
1367  *
1368  * @param declaration  the declaration
1369  */
1370 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1371 {
1372         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1373                 return;
1374
1375         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1376         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1377         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1378         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1379         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1380                 print_declaration(entity);
1381                 return;
1382         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1383                 print_typedef(entity);
1384                 return;
1385         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1386                 /* TODO */
1387                 print_string("class ");
1388                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1389                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1390                 return;
1391         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1392                 print_string("struct ");
1393                 goto print_compound;
1394         case ENTITY_UNION:
1395                 print_string("union ");
1396 print_compound:
1397                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1398                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1399                         print_char(' ');
1400                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1401                 }
1402                 print_char(';');
1403                 return;
1404         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1405                 print_string("enum ");
1406                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1407                 print_char(' ');
1408                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1409                 print_char(';');
1410                 return;
1411         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1412                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1413                 return;
1414         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1415                 print_string("__label__ ");
1416                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1417                 print_char(';');
1418                 return;
1419         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1420         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1421                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1422         }
1423         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1424 }
1425
1426 /**
1427  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1428  *
1429  * @param unit   the translation unit
1430  */
1431 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1432 {
1433         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1434         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1435                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1436                         continue;
1437                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1438                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1439                         continue;
1440                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1441                         continue;
1442
1443                 print_indent();
1444                 print_entity(entity);
1445                 print_char('\n');
1446         }
1447 }
1448
1449 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1450 {
1451         switch (initializer->kind) {
1452         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1453         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1454                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1455
1456         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1457                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1458
1459         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1460                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1461                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1462                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1463                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1464                         if (all > cur) {
1465                                 all = cur;
1466                         }
1467                 }
1468                 return all;
1469         }
1470         }
1471         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1472 }
1473
1474 /**
1475  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1476  * to the linker. Example:
1477  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1478  *         constant but the address of x is.
1479  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1480  */
1481 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1482         const expression_t *expression)
1483 {
1484         switch (expression->kind) {
1485         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1486                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1487
1488         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1489                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1490                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1491                         /* it's a -> */
1492                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1493                 } else {
1494                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1495                 }
1496         }
1497
1498         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1499                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1500                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1501                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1502         }
1503
1504         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1505                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1506                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1507                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1508
1509                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1510                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1511                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1512                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1513                         return
1514                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1515                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1516                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1517
1518                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1519                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1520                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1521                         break;
1522                 }
1523                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1524         }
1525
1526         case EXPR_ERROR:
1527                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1528
1529         default:
1530                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1531         }
1532 }
1533
1534 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1535 {
1536         switch (expression->kind) {
1537         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1538         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1539         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1540                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1541
1542         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1543                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1544
1545         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1546                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1547
1548         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1549                 type_t *real_type
1550                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1551                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1552                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1553                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1554                 }
1555                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1556         }
1557
1558         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1559                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1560                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1561                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1562                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1563                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1564                     ))
1565                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1566
1567                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1568         }
1569
1570         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1571         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1572                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1573                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1574                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1575                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1576
1577                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1578                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1579                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1580                         return l < r ? l : r;
1581                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1582                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1583                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1584                         return l < r ? l : r;
1585                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1586                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1587                 } else {
1588                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1589                 }
1590         }
1591
1592         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1593                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1594                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1595                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1596
1597                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1598                 if (is_type_function(type))
1599                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1600                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1601                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1602                 }
1603                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1604                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1605                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1606                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1607         }
1608
1609         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1610                 type_t *const type =
1611                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1612                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1613                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1614                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1615         }
1616
1617         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1618                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1619                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1620                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1621                         return cclass;
1622
1623                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1624                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1625                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1626                 } else {
1627                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1628                 }
1629         }
1630
1631         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1632                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1633                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1634                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1635                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1636                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1637                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1638                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1639                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1640                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1641                                 /* it's a -> */
1642                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1643                         } else {
1644                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1645                         }
1646                 }
1647                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1648         }
1649
1650         default:
1651                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1652         }
1653 }
1654
1655 /**
1656  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1657  * returning a constant result.
1658  */
1659 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1660 {
1661         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1662         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1663                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1664         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1665         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1666                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1667
1668         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1669         case BUILTIN_INF:
1670         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1671                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1672         default:
1673                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1674         }
1675
1676 }
1677
1678 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1679 {
1680         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1681         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1682                 return expr_class;
1683
1684         switch (expression->kind) {
1685         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1686                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1687         default:
1688                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1689         }
1690 }
1691
1692 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1693 {
1694         switch (expression->kind) {
1695         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1696                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1697                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1698                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1699                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1700                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1701                 } else {
1702                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1703                 }
1704         }
1705
1706         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1707                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1708                         &expression->array_access;
1709                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1710                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1711                         return idx_class;
1712                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1713                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1714                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1715         }
1716
1717         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1718                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1719
1720         case EXPR_ERROR:
1721                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1722
1723         default:
1724                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1725         }
1726 }
1727
1728 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1729 {
1730         switch (expression->kind) {
1731         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1732         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1733         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1734         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
1735         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
1736                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1737
1738         {
1739                 type_t *type;
1740         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1741                 type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1742                 goto check_type;
1743
1744         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1745                 type = skip_typeref(expression->classify_type.type_expression->base.type);
1746                 goto check_type;
1747
1748         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
1749         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
1750                 type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1751                 goto check_type;
1752
1753         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1754                 type = skip_typeref(expression->offsetofe.type);
1755                 goto check_type;
1756
1757         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
1758                 type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1759                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1760                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1761                 goto check_type;
1762
1763 check_type:
1764                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1765         }
1766
1767         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: {
1768                 expression_classification_t const c = is_constant_expression(expression->builtin_constant.value);
1769                 return c != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1770         }
1771
1772         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1773         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1774         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1775         case EXPR_SELECT:
1776         case EXPR_VA_START:
1777         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1778         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1779         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1780         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1781         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1782         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1783         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1784         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1785         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1786         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1787         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1788         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1789         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1790         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1791         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1792         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1793         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1794         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1795         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1796         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1797         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1798         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1799         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1800         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1801         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1802                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1803
1804         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1805                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1806                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1807         }
1808
1809         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1810                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1811
1812         case EXPR_CALL:
1813                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1814
1815         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1816         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1817         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1818         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1819                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1820
1821         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1822                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1823                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1824                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1825                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1826                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1827                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1828         }
1829
1830         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1831         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1832         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1833         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1834         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1835         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1836         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1837         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1838         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1839         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1840         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1841         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1842         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1843         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1844         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1845         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1846         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1847         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1848         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1849         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1850         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1851         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1852                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1853                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1854                 return l < r ? l : r;
1855         }
1856
1857         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1858                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1859                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1860                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1861                         return lclass;
1862                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1863                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1864                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1865         }
1866
1867         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1868                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1869                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1870                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1871                         return lclass;
1872                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1873                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1874                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1875         }
1876
1877         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1878                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1879
1880         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1881                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1882                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1883                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1884                         return cclass;
1885
1886                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1887                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1888                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1889                 } else {
1890                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1891                 }
1892         }
1893
1894         case EXPR_ERROR:
1895                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1896         }
1897         panic("invalid expression");
1898 }
1899
1900 void init_ast(void)
1901 {
1902         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1903 }
1904
1905 void exit_ast(void)
1906 {
1907         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1908 }