nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "types.h"
  30
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <ctype.h>
  35
  36 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  37 #include <mathimf.h>
  38 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  39 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  40 #else
  41 #include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "adt/error.h"
  45 #include "adt/util.h"
  46
  47 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  48
  49 static int indent;
  50 static int case_indent;
  51
  52 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  53 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  54
  55 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  56 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  57
  58 void change_indent(int delta)
  59 {
  60         indent += delta;
  61         assert(indent >= 0);
  62 }
  63
  64 void print_indent(void)
  65 {
  66         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  67                 print_char('\t');
  68 }
  69
  70 static void print_stringrep(const string_t *string)
  71 {
  72         for (size_t i = 0; i < string->size; ++i) {
  73                 print_char(string->begin[i]);
  74         }
  75 }
  76
  77 /**
  78  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  79  * associativity, else 0.
  80  *
  81  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  82  */
  83 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  84 {
  85         switch (precedence) {
  86         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  87         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  88         case PREC_UNARY:
  89                 return 1;
  90
  91         default:
  92                 return 0;
  93         }
  94 }
  95
  96 /**
  97  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  98  *
  99  * @param kind   the expression kind
 100  */
 101 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
 102 {
 103         static const unsigned prec[] = {
 104                 [EXPR_ERROR]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 107                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 108                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 109                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 110                 [EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER]     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 111                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 112                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 113                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 114                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 115                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 116                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 117                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 118                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 119                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 120                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 121
 122                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 125                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 126                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 127                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 128                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 129                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 130                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 131
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 141                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 142                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 143                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 144                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 145                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 146                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 147
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 178
 179                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 180                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 181                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 182                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 183                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 184                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 185         };
 186         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 187         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 188
 189         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 190         return res;
 191 }
 192
 193 /**
 194  * Print a quoted string constant.
 195  *
 196  * @param string  the string constant
 197  * @param border  the border char
 198  */
 199 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border)
 200 {
 201         print_char(border);
 202         const char *end = string->begin + string->size;
 203         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 204                 const char tc = *c;
 205                 if (tc == border) {
 206                         print_char('\\');
 207                 }
 208                 switch (tc) {
 209                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 210                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 211                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 212                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 213                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 214                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 215                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 216                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 217                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 218                 case 27:
 219                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 220                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 221                         }
 222                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 223                 default:
 224                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 225                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 226                         } else {
 227                                 print_char(tc);
 228                         }
 229                         break;
 230                 }
 231         }
 232         print_char(border);
 233 }
 234
 235 static void print_char_literal(string_literal_expression_t const *const literal)
 236 {
 237         if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER)
 238                 print_char('L');
 239         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '\'');
 240 }
 241
 242 static void print_string_literal(const string_literal_expression_t *literal)
 243 {
 244         print_string(get_string_encoding_prefix(literal->encoding));
 245         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '"');
 246 }
 247
 248 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 249 {
 250         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 251         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 252                 print_string("__noop");
 253                 return;
 254
 255         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 256         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 257         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 258                 print_stringrep(&literal->value);
 259                 print_stringrep(&literal->suffix);
 260                 return;
 261
 262         default:
 263                 break;
 264         }
 265         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 266 }
 267
 268 /**
 269  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 270  */
 271 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 272 {
 273         const char *s = "";
 274         switch (funcname->kind) {
 275         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 276         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 277         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 278         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 279         }
 280         print_string(s);
 281 }
 282
 283 static void print_compound_literal(
 284                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 285 {
 286         print_char('(');
 287         print_type(expression->type);
 288         print_char(')');
 289         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 290 }
 291
 292 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 293 {
 294         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 295 }
 296
 297 /**
 298  * Prints a call expression.
 299  *
 300  * @param call  the call expression
 301  */
 302 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 303 {
 304         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 305         print_char('(');
 306         char const *sep = "";
 307         for (call_argument_t const *arg = call->arguments; arg; arg = arg->next) {
 308                 print_string(sep);
 309                 sep = ", ";
 310                 print_assignment_expression(arg->expression);
 311         }
 312         print_char(')');
 313 }
 314
 315 /**
 316  * Prints a binary expression.
 317  *
 318  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 319  */
 320 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 321 {
 322         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 323         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 324
 325         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 326         char const* op;
 327         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 328         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 329         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 330         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 331         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 332         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 333         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 334         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 335         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 336         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 337         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 338         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 339         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 340         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 341         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 342         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 343         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 344         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 345         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 346         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 347         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 348
 349         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 350         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 351         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 352         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 353         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 354         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 355         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 356         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 357         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 358         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 359         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 360         }
 361         print_string(op);
 362         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 363 }
 364
 365 /**
 366  * Prints an unary expression.
 367  *
 368  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 369  */
 370 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 371 {
 372         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 373         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 374         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_char  ('-' ); break;
 375         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_char  ('+' ); break;
 376         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_char  ('!' ); break;
 377         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_char  ('~' ); break;
 378         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 379         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 380         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_char  ('*' ); break;
 381         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_char  ('&' ); break;
 382         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 383         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 384
 385         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 386                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 387                 print_string("++");
 388                 return;
 389         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 390                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 391                 print_string("--");
 392                 return;
 393         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 394                 print_char('(');
 395                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 396                 print_char(')');
 397                 break;
 398         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 399                 print_string("__assume(");
 400                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 401                 print_char(')');
 402                 return;
 403
 404         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 405                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 406                         print_string("throw");
 407                         return;
 408                 }
 409                 print_string("throw ");
 410                 break;
 411
 412         default:
 413                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 414         }
 415         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 416 }
 417
 418 /**
 419  * Prints a reference expression.
 420  *
 421  * @param ref   the reference expression
 422  */
 423 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 424 {
 425         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 426 }
 427
 428 /**
 429  * Prints a label address expression.
 430  *
 431  * @param ref   the reference expression
 432  */
 433 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 434 {
 435         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 436 }
 437
 438 /**
 439  * Prints an array expression.
 440  *
 441  * @param expression   the array expression
 442  */
 443 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 444 {
 445         if (!expression->flipped) {
 446                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 447                 print_char('[');
 448                 print_expression(expression->index);
 449                 print_char(']');
 450         } else {
 451                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 452                 print_char('[');
 453                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 454                 print_char(']');
 455         }
 456 }
 457
 458 /**
 459  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 460  *
 461  * @param expression   the type property expression
 462  */
 463 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 464 {
 465         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 466                 print_string("sizeof");
 467         } else {
 468                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 469                 print_string("__alignof__");
 470         }
 471         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 472                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 473                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 474         } else {
 475                 print_char('(');
 476                 print_type(expression->type);
 477                 print_char(')');
 478         }
 479 }
 480
 481 /**
 482  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 483  *
 484  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 485  */
 486 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 487 {
 488         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 489         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 490         print_char(')');
 491 }
 492
 493 /**
 494  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 495  *
 496  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 497  */
 498 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 499                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 500 {
 501         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 502         print_type(expression->left);
 503         print_string(", ");
 504         print_type(expression->right);
 505         print_char(')');
 506 }
 507
 508 /**
 509  * Prints a conditional expression.
 510  *
 511  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 512  */
 513 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 514 {
 515         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 516         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 517                 print_string(" ? ");
 518                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 519                 print_string(" : ");
 520         } else {
 521                 print_string(" ?: ");
 522         }
 523         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 524         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 525 }
 526
 527 /**
 528  * Prints a va_start expression.
 529  *
 530  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 531  */
 532 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 533 {
 534         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 535         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 536         print_string(", ");
 537         print_assignment_expression(expression->parameter);
 538         print_char(')');
 539 }
 540
 541 /**
 542  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 543  *
 544  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 545  */
 546 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 547 {
 548         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 549         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 550         print_string(", ");
 551         print_type(expression->base.type);
 552         print_char(')');
 553 }
 554
 555 /**
 556  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 557  *
 558  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 559  */
 560 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 561 {
 562         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 563         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 564         print_string(", ");
 565         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 566         print_char(')');
 567 }
 568
 569 /**
 570  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 571  *
 572  * @param expression   the select expression
 573  */
 574 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 575 {
 576         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 577         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 578          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 579          */
 580         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 581                 return;
 582
 583         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 584                 print_string("->");
 585         } else {
 586                 print_char('.');
 587         }
 588         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 589 }
 590
 591 /**
 592  * Prints a type classify expression.
 593  *
 594  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 595  */
 596 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 597         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 598 {
 599         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 600         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 601         print_char(')');
 602 }
 603
 604 /**
 605  * Prints a designator.
 606  *
 607  * @param designator  the designator
 608  */
 609 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 610 {
 611         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 612                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 613                         print_char('[');
 614                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 615                         print_char(']');
 616                 } else {
 617                         print_char('.');
 618                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 619                 }
 620         }
 621 }
 622
 623 /**
 624  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 625  *
 626  * @param expression   the offset expression
 627  */
 628 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 629 {
 630         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 631         print_type(expression->type);
 632         print_char(',');
 633         print_designator(expression->designator);
 634         print_char(')');
 635 }
 636
 637 /**
 638  * Prints a statement expression.
 639  *
 640  * @param expression   the statement expression
 641  */
 642 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 643 {
 644         print_char('(');
 645         print_statement(expression->statement);
 646         print_char(')');
 647 }
 648
 649 static bool needs_parentheses(expression_t const *const expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 650 {
 651         if (expr->base.parenthesized)
 652                 return true;
 653
 654         if (top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expr->base.kind))
 655                 return true;
 656
 657         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) {
 658                 switch (expr->kind) {
 659                 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
 660                 case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 661                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
 662                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 663                 case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
 664                 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 665                 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 666                         /* Do not print () around subexpressions consisting of a single token. */
 667                         return false;
 668
 669                 default:
 670                         return true;
 671                 }
 672         }
 673
 674         return false;
 675 }
 676
 677 /**
 678  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 679  *
 680  * @param expression  the expression to print
 681  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 682  */
 683 static void print_expression_prec(expression_t const *expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 684 {
 685         if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST && expr->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 686                 expr = expr->unary.value;
 687         }
 688
 689         bool const parenthesized = needs_parentheses(expr, top_prec);
 690
 691         if (parenthesized)
 692                 print_char('(');
 693         switch (expr->kind) {
 694         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 695         case EXPR_SIZEOF:                     print_typeprop_expression(     &expr->typeprop);                 break;
 696         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:               print_array_expression(        &expr->array_access);             break;
 697         case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:               print_binary_expression(       &expr->binary);                   break;
 698         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:         print_builtin_constant(        &expr->builtin_constant);         break;
 699         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: print_builtin_types_compatible(&expr->builtin_types_compatible); break;
 700         case EXPR_CALL:                       print_call_expression(         &expr->call);                     break;
 701         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:              print_classify_type_expression(&expr->classify_type);            break;
 702         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:           print_compound_literal(        &expr->compound_literal);         break;
 703         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:                print_conditional(             &expr->conditional);              break;
 704         case EXPR_ERROR:                      print_string("$error$");                                         break;
 705         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:                   print_funcname(                &expr->funcname);                 break;
 706         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:              print_label_address_expression(&expr->label_address);            break;
 707         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:              print_literal(                 &expr->literal);                  break;
 708         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 709         case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:     print_char_literal(            &expr->string_literal);           break;
 710         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:                   print_offsetof_expression(     &expr->offsetofe);                break;
 711         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 712         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:              print_reference_expression(    &expr->reference);                break;
 713         case EXPR_SELECT:                     print_select(                  &expr->select);                   break;
 714         case EXPR_STATEMENT:                  print_statement_expression(    &expr->statement);                break;
 715         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:             print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal);           break;
 716         case EXPR_UNARY_CASES:                print_unary_expression(        &expr->unary);                    break;
 717         case EXPR_VA_ARG:                     print_va_arg(                  &expr->va_arge);                  break;
 718         case EXPR_VA_COPY:                    print_va_copy(                 &expr->va_copye);                 break;
 719         case EXPR_VA_START:                   print_va_start(                &expr->va_starte);                break;
 720         }
 721         if (parenthesized)
 722                 print_char(')');
 723 }
 724
 725 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 726 {
 727         switch (stmt->kind) {
 728         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 729                 break;
 730
 731         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 732                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 733                         print_char('\t');
 734                 break;
 735
 736         default:
 737                 print_indent();
 738                 break;
 739         }
 740         print_statement(stmt);
 741 }
 742
 743 /**
 744  * Print an compound statement.
 745  *
 746  * @param block  the compound statement
 747  */
 748 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 749 {
 750         print_string("{\n");
 751         ++indent;
 752
 753         for (statement_t const *stmt = block->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
 754                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 755                 print_char('\n');
 756         }
 757
 758         --indent;
 759         print_indent();
 760         print_char('}');
 761 }
 762
 763 /**
 764  * Print a return statement.
 765  *
 766  * @param statement  the return statement
 767  */
 768 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 769 {
 770         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 771         if (val != NULL) {
 772                 print_string("return ");
 773                 print_expression(val);
 774                 print_char(';');
 775         } else {
 776                 print_string("return;");
 777         }
 778 }
 779
 780 /**
 781  * Print an expression statement.
 782  *
 783  * @param statement  the expression statement
 784  */
 785 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 786 {
 787         print_expression(statement->expression);
 788         print_char(';');
 789 }
 790
 791 /**
 792  * Print a computed goto statement.
 793  *
 794  * @param statement  the computed goto statement
 795  */
 796 static void print_computed_goto_statement(computed_goto_statement_t const *const stmt)
 797 {
 798         print_string("goto *");
 799         print_expression(stmt->expression);
 800         print_char(';');
 801 }
 802
 803 /**
 804  * Print a goto statement.
 805  *
 806  * @param statement  the goto statement
 807  */
 808 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 809 {
 810         print_string("goto ");
 811         print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 812         print_char(';');
 813 }
 814
 815 /**
 816  * Print a label statement.
 817  *
 818  * @param statement  the label statement
 819  */
 820 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 821 {
 822         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 823         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 824 }
 825
 826 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 827 {
 828         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 829                 print_char(' ');
 830                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 831         } else {
 832                 print_char('\n');
 833                 ++indent;
 834                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 835                 --indent;
 836         }
 837 }
 838
 839 static void print_after_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 840 {
 841         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 842                 print_char(' ');
 843         } else {
 844                 print_char('\n');
 845                 print_indent();
 846         }
 847 }
 848
 849 /**
 850  * Print an if statement.
 851  *
 852  * @param statement  the if statement
 853  */
 854 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 855 {
 856         print_string("if (");
 857         print_expression(statement->condition);
 858         print_char(')');
 859         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 860
 861         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 862         if (f) {
 863                 print_after_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 864                 print_string("else");
 865                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 866                         print_char(' ');
 867                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 868                 } else {
 869                         print_inner_statement(f);
 870                 }
 871         }
 872 }
 873
 874 /**
 875  * Print a switch statement.
 876  *
 877  * @param statement  the switch statement
 878  */
 879 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 880 {
 881         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 882         case_indent = indent;
 883
 884         print_string("switch (");
 885         print_expression(statement->expression);
 886         print_char(')');
 887         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 888
 889         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 890 }
 891
 892 /**
 893  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 894  *
 895  * @param statement  the case label statement
 896  */
 897 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 898 {
 899         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 900                 print_string("default:\n");
 901         } else {
 902                 print_string("case ");
 903                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 904                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 905                         print_string(" ... ");
 906                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 907                 }
 908                 print_string(":\n");
 909         }
 910         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 911 }
 912
 913 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 914 {
 915         print_string("typedef ");
 916         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 917         print_char(';');
 918 }
 919
 920 /**
 921  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 922  * correspondenc in the source file
 923  */
 924 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 925 {
 926         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 927                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 928
 929         if (is_declaration(entity))
 930                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 931
 932         return false;
 933 }
 934
 935 /**
 936  * Print a declaration statement.
 937  *
 938  * @param statement   the statement
 939  */
 940 static void print_declaration_statement(
 941                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 942 {
 943         bool first = true;
 944         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 945         if (entity == NULL) {
 946                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 947                 return;
 948         }
 949
 950         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 951         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 952                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 953                         continue;
 954                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 955                         continue;
 956
 957                 if (!first) {
 958                         print_char('\n');
 959                         print_indent();
 960                 } else {
 961                         first = false;
 962                 }
 963
 964                 print_entity(entity);
 965         }
 966 }
 967
 968 /**
 969  * Print a while statement.
 970  *
 971  * @param statement   the statement
 972  */
 973 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 974 {
 975         print_string("while (");
 976         print_expression(statement->condition);
 977         print_char(')');
 978         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 979 }
 980
 981 /**
 982  * Print a do-while statement.
 983  *
 984  * @param statement   the statement
 985  */
 986 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 987 {
 988         print_string("do");
 989         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 990         print_after_inner_statement(statement->body);
 991         print_string("while (");
 992         print_expression(statement->condition);
 993         print_string(");");
 994 }
 995
 996 /**
 997  * Print a for statement.
 998  *
 999  * @param statement   the statement
1000  */
1001 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1002 {
1003         print_string("for (");
1004         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
1005                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1006                 print_char(';');
1007         } else {
1008                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1009                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1010                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1011                                 continue;
1012                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
1013                         print_declaration(entity);
1014                 }
1015         }
1016         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1017                 print_char(' ');
1018                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1019         }
1020         print_char(';');
1021         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1022                 print_char(' ');
1023                 print_expression(statement->step);
1024         }
1025         print_char(')');
1026         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1027 }
1028
1029 /**
1030  * Print assembler arguments.
1031  *
1032  * @param arguments   the arguments
1033  */
1034 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1035 {
1036         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1037         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1038                 if (argument != arguments)
1039                         print_string(", ");
1040
1041                 if (argument->symbol) {
1042                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1043                 }
1044                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"');
1045                 print_string(" (");
1046                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1047                 print_char(')');
1048         }
1049 }
1050
1051 /**
1052  * Print assembler clobbers.
1053  *
1054  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1055  */
1056 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1057 {
1058         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1059         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1060                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1061                         print_string(", ");
1062
1063                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"');
1064         }
1065 }
1066
1067 /**
1068  * Print an assembler statement.
1069  *
1070  * @param statement   the statement
1071  */
1072 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1073 {
1074         print_string("asm ");
1075         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1076                 print_string("volatile ");
1077         }
1078         print_char('(');
1079         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"');
1080         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1081             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1082             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1083                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1084
1085         print_string(" : ");
1086         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1087         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1088                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1089
1090         print_string(" : ");
1091         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1092         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1093                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1094
1095         print_string(" : ");
1096         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1097
1098 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1099         print_string(");");
1100 }
1101
1102 /**
1103  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1104  *
1105  * @param statement   the statement
1106  */
1107 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1108 {
1109         print_string("__try");
1110         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1111         print_after_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1112         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1113                 print_string("__except(");
1114                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1115                 print_char(')');
1116         } else {
1117                 print_string("__finally");
1118         }
1119         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1120 }
1121
1122 /**
1123  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1124  *
1125  * @param statement   the statement
1126  */
1127 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1128 {
1129         (void)statement;
1130         print_string("__leave;");
1131 }
1132
1133 /**
1134  * Print a statement.
1135  *
1136  * @param statement   the statement
1137  */
1138 void print_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
1139 {
1140         switch (stmt->kind) {
1141         case STATEMENT_ASM:           print_asm_statement(          &stmt->asms);          break;
1142         case STATEMENT_BREAK:         print_string("break;");                              break;
1143         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:    print_case_label(             &stmt->case_label);    break;
1144         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:      print_compound_statement(     &stmt->compound);      break;
1145         case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: print_computed_goto_statement(&stmt->computed_goto); break;
1146         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:      print_string("continue;");                           break;
1147         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:   print_declaration_statement(  &stmt->declaration);   break;
1148         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:      print_do_while_statement(     &stmt->do_while);      break;
1149         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:         print_char(';');                                     break;
1150         case STATEMENT_ERROR:         print_string("$error statement$");                   break;
1151         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:    print_expression_statement(   &stmt->expression);    break;
1152         case STATEMENT_FOR:           print_for_statement(          &stmt->fors);          break;
1153         case STATEMENT_GOTO:          print_goto_statement(         &stmt->gotos);         break;
1154         case STATEMENT_IF:            print_if_statement(           &stmt->ifs);           break;
1155         case STATEMENT_LABEL:         print_label_statement(        &stmt->label);         break;
1156         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:         print_leave_statement(        &stmt->leave);         break;
1157         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:        print_ms_try_statement(       &stmt->ms_try);        break;
1158         case STATEMENT_RETURN:        print_return_statement(       &stmt->returns);       break;
1159         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:        print_switch_statement(       &stmt->switchs);       break;
1160         case STATEMENT_WHILE:         print_while_statement(        &stmt->whiles);        break;
1161         }
1162 }
1163
1164 /**
1165  * Print a storage class.
1166  *
1167  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1168  */
1169 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1170 {
1171         switch (storage_class) {
1172         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1173         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1174         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1175         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1176         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1177         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1178         }
1179         panic("invalid storage class");
1180 }
1181
1182 /**
1183  * Print an initializer.
1184  *
1185  * @param initializer  the initializer
1186  */
1187 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1188 {
1189         if (initializer == NULL) {
1190                 print_string("{}");
1191                 return;
1192         }
1193
1194         switch (initializer->kind) {
1195         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1196                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1197                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1198                 return;
1199         }
1200         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1201                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1202                 print_string("{ ");
1203                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1204
1205                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1206                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1207                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1208                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1209                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1210                                         print_string(", ");
1211                         }
1212                 }
1213                 print_string(" }");
1214                 return;
1215         }
1216         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1217                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"');
1218                 return;
1219         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1220                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"');
1221                 return;
1222         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1223                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1224                 print_string(" = ");
1225                 return;
1226         }
1227
1228         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1229 }
1230
1231 #if 0
1232 /**
1233  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1234  */
1235 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1236 {
1237         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1238                 return;
1239
1240         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1241
1242         bool        ds_shown = false;
1243         const char *next     = "(";
1244
1245         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1246                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1247                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1248                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1249                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1250                         if (!ds_shown) {
1251                                 print_string("__declspec");
1252                                 ds_shown = true;
1253                         }
1254
1255                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1256                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_format("align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1257                         }
1258                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1259                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1260                                 char *comma = "";
1261                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("property(");
1262                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1263                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1264                                         comma = ", ";
1265                                 }
1266                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1267                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1268                                 print_char(')');
1269                         }
1270                 }
1271         }
1272
1273         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1274         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1275                 if (!ds_shown) {
1276                         print_string("__declspec");
1277                         ds_shown = true;
1278                 }
1279                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1280                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllimport");
1281                 }
1282                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1283                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllexport");
1284                 }
1285                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1286                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1287                 }
1288                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1289                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("naked");
1290                 }
1291                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1292                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1293                 }
1294                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1295                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("selectany");
1296                 }
1297                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1298                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("nothrow");
1299                 }
1300                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1301                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noreturn");
1302                 }
1303                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1304                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noinline");
1305                 }
1306                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1307                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("deprecated");
1308                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1309                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1310                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1311                 }
1312                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1313                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("restrict");
1314                 }
1315                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1316                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noalias");
1317                 }
1318         }
1319
1320         if (ds_shown)
1321                 print_string(") ");
1322 }
1323 #endif
1324
1325 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1326 {
1327         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1328         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1329                 print_indent();
1330                 print_entity(entity);
1331                 print_char('\n');
1332         }
1333 }
1334
1335 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1336 {
1337         print_string("namespace ");
1338         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1339                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1340                 print_char(' ');
1341         }
1342
1343         print_string("{\n");
1344         ++indent;
1345
1346         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1347
1348         --indent;
1349         print_indent();
1350         print_string("}\n");
1351 }
1352
1353 /**
1354  * Print a variable or function declaration
1355  */
1356 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1357 {
1358         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1359         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1360
1361         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1362         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1363                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1364                 if (function->is_inline) {
1365                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1366                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1367                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1368                                 print_string("__inline ");
1369                         } else {
1370                                 print_string("inline ");
1371                         }
1372                 }
1373         }
1374         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1375         switch (entity->kind) {
1376                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1377                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1378                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1379
1380                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1381                                 print_char('\n');
1382                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.statement);
1383                                 print_char('\n');
1384                                 return;
1385                         }
1386                         break;
1387
1388                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1389                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1390                                 print_string("__thread ");
1391                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1392                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1393                                 print_string(" = ");
1394                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1395                         }
1396                         break;
1397
1398                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1399                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1400                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1401                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1402                         }
1403                         break;
1404
1405                 default:
1406                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1407                         break;
1408         }
1409         print_char(';');
1410 }
1411
1412 /**
1413  * Prints an expression.
1414  *
1415  * @param expression  the expression
1416  */
1417 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1418 {
1419         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1420 }
1421
1422 /**
1423  * Print a declaration.
1424  *
1425  * @param declaration  the declaration
1426  */
1427 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1428 {
1429         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1430                 return;
1431
1432         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1433         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1434         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1435         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1436         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1437                 print_declaration(entity);
1438                 return;
1439         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1440                 print_typedef(entity);
1441                 return;
1442         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1443                 /* TODO */
1444                 print_string("class ");
1445                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1446                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1447                 return;
1448         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1449                 print_string("struct ");
1450                 goto print_compound;
1451         case ENTITY_UNION:
1452                 print_string("union ");
1453 print_compound:
1454                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1455                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1456                         print_char(' ');
1457                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1458                 }
1459                 print_char(';');
1460                 return;
1461         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1462                 print_string("enum ");
1463                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1464                 print_char(' ');
1465                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1466                 print_char(';');
1467                 return;
1468         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1469                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1470                 return;
1471         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1472                 print_string("__label__ ");
1473                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1474                 print_char(';');
1475                 return;
1476         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1477         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1478                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1479         }
1480         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1481 }
1482
1483 /**
1484  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1485  *
1486  * @param unit   the translation unit
1487  */
1488 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1489 {
1490         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1491         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1492                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1493                         continue;
1494                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1495                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1496                         continue;
1497                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1498                         continue;
1499
1500                 print_indent();
1501                 print_entity(entity);
1502                 print_char('\n');
1503         }
1504 }
1505
1506 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1507 {
1508         switch (initializer->kind) {
1509         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1510         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1511         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1512                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1513
1514         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1515                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1516
1517         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1518                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1519                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1520                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1521                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1522                         if (all > cur) {
1523                                 all = cur;
1524                         }
1525                 }
1526                 return all;
1527         }
1528         }
1529         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1530 }
1531
1532 /**
1533  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1534  * to the linker. Example:
1535  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1536  *         constant but the address of x is.
1537  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1538  */
1539 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1540         const expression_t *expression)
1541 {
1542         switch (expression->kind) {
1543         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1544                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1545
1546         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1547                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1548                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1549                         /* it's a -> */
1550                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1551                 } else {
1552                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1553                 }
1554         }
1555
1556         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1557                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1558                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1559                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1560         }
1561
1562         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1563                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1564                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1565                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1566
1567                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1568                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1569                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1570                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1571                         return
1572                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1573                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1574                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1575
1576                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1577                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1578                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1579                         break;
1580                 }
1581                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1582         }
1583
1584         case EXPR_ERROR:
1585                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1586
1587         default:
1588                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1589         }
1590 }
1591
1592 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1593 {
1594         switch (expression->kind) {
1595         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1596         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1597         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1598                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1599
1600         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1601                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1602
1603         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1604                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1605
1606         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1607                 type_t *real_type
1608                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1609                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1610                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1611                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1612                 }
1613                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1614         }
1615
1616         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1617                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1618                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1619                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1620                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1621                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1622                     ))
1623                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1624
1625                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1626         }
1627
1628         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1629         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1630                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1631                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1632                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1633                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1634
1635                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1636                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1637                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1638                         return l < r ? l : r;
1639                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1640                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1641                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1642                         return l < r ? l : r;
1643                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1644                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1645                 } else {
1646                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1647                 }
1648         }
1649
1650         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1651                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1652                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1653                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1654
1655                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1656                 if (is_type_function(type))
1657                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1658                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1659                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1660                 }
1661                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1662                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1663                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1664                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1665         }
1666
1667         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1668                 type_t *const type =
1669                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1670                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1671                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1672                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1673         }
1674
1675         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1676                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1677                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1678                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1679                         return cclass;
1680
1681                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1682                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1683                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1684                 } else {
1685                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1686                 }
1687         }
1688
1689         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1690                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1691                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1692                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1693                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1694                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1695                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1696                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1697                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1698                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1699                                 /* it's a -> */
1700                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1701                         } else {
1702                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1703                         }
1704                 }
1705                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1706         }
1707
1708         default:
1709                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1710         }
1711 }
1712
1713 /**
1714  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1715  * returning a constant result.
1716  */
1717 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1718 {
1719         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1720         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1721                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1722         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1723         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1724                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1725
1726         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1727         case BUILTIN_INF:
1728         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1729                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1730         default:
1731                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1732         }
1733
1734 }
1735
1736 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1737 {
1738         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1739         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1740                 return expr_class;
1741
1742         switch (expression->kind) {
1743         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1744                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1745         default:
1746                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1747         }
1748 }
1749
1750 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1751 {
1752         switch (expression->kind) {
1753         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1754                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1755                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1756                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1757                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1758                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1759                 } else {
1760                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1761                 }
1762         }
1763
1764         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1765                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1766                         &expression->array_access;
1767                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1768                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1769                         return idx_class;
1770                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1771                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1772                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1773         }
1774
1775         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1776                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1777
1778         case EXPR_ERROR:
1779                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1780
1781         default:
1782                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1783         }
1784 }
1785
1786 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1787 {
1788         switch (expression->kind) {
1789         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1790         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1791         case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
1792         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1793         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1794         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1795         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1796         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1797         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1798                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1799
1800         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1801                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1802                 return
1803                         !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1804                         EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1805         }
1806
1807         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1808         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1809         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1810         case EXPR_SELECT:
1811         case EXPR_VA_START:
1812         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1813         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1814         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1815         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1816         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1817         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1818         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1819         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1820         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1821         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1822         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1823         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1824         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1825         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1826         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1827         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1828         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1829         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1830         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1831         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1832         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1833         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1834         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1835         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1836         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1837                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1838
1839         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1840                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1841                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1842         }
1843
1844         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1845                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1846
1847         case EXPR_CALL:
1848                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1849
1850         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1851         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1852         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1853         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1854                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1855
1856         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1857                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1858                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1859                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1860                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1861                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1862                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1863         }
1864
1865         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1866         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1867         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1868         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1869         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1870         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1871         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1872         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1873         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1874         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1875         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1876         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1877         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1878         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1879         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1880         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1881         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1882         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1883         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1884         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1885         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1886         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1887                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1888                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1889                 return l < r ? l : r;
1890         }
1891
1892         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1893                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1894                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1895                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1896                         return lclass;
1897                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1898                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1899                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1900         }
1901
1902         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1903                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1904                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1905                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1906                         return lclass;
1907                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1908                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1909                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1910         }
1911
1912         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1913                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1914
1915         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1916                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1917                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1918                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1919                         return cclass;
1920
1921                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1922                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1923                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1924                 } else {
1925                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1926                 }
1927         }
1928
1929         case EXPR_ERROR:
1930                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1931         }
1932         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1933 }
1934
1935 void init_ast(void)
1936 {
1937         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1938 }
1939
1940 void exit_ast(void)
1941 {
1942         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1943 }