nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "separator_t.h"
  30 #include "types.h"
  31
  32 #include <assert.h>
  33 #include <stdio.h>
  34 #include <stdlib.h>
  35 #include <ctype.h>
  36
  37 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  38 #include <mathimf.h>
  39 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  40 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  41 #else
  42 #include <math.h>
  43 #endif
  44
  45 #include "adt/error.h"
  46 #include "adt/util.h"
  47
  48 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  49
  50 static int indent;
  51 static int case_indent;
  52
  53 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  54 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  55
  56 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  57 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  58
  59 void change_indent(int delta)
  60 {
  61         indent += delta;
  62         assert(indent >= 0);
  63 }
  64
  65 void print_indent(void)
  66 {
  67         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  68                 print_char('\t');
  69 }
  70
  71 /**
  72  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  73  * associativity, else 0.
  74  *
  75  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  76  */
  77 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  78 {
  79         switch (precedence) {
  80         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  81         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  82         case PREC_UNARY:
  83                 return 1;
  84
  85         default:
  86                 return 0;
  87         }
  88 }
  89
  90 /**
  91  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  92  *
  93  * @param kind   the expression kind
  94  */
  95 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  96 {
  97         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  98                 [EXPR_ERROR]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 104                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 107                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 108                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 109                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 110                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 111                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 112                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 113                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 114
 115                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124
 125                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 140
 141                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 171
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 178         };
 179         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 180         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 181
 182         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 183         return res;
 184 }
 185
 186 /**
 187  * Print a quoted string constant.
 188  *
 189  * @param string  the string constant
 190  * @param border  the border char
 191  */
 192 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border)
 193 {
 194         print_string(get_string_encoding_prefix(string->encoding));
 195
 196         print_char(border);
 197         const char *end = string->begin + string->size;
 198         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 199                 const char tc = *c;
 200                 if (tc == border) {
 201                         print_char('\\');
 202                 }
 203                 switch (tc) {
 204                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 205                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 206                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 207                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 208                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 209                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 210                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 211                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 212                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 213                 case 27:
 214                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 215                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 216                         }
 217                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 218                 default:
 219                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 220                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 221                         } else {
 222                                 print_char(tc);
 223                         }
 224                         break;
 225                 }
 226         }
 227         print_char(border);
 228 }
 229
 230 static void print_string_literal(string_literal_expression_t const *const literal, char const delimiter)
 231 {
 232         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, delimiter);
 233 }
 234
 235 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 236 {
 237         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 238         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 239                 print_string("__noop");
 240                 return;
 241
 242         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 243         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 244         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 245                 print_string(literal->value.begin);
 246                 return;
 247
 248         default:
 249                 break;
 250         }
 251         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 252 }
 253
 254 /**
 255  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 256  */
 257 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 258 {
 259         const char *s = "";
 260         switch (funcname->kind) {
 261         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 262         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 263         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 264         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 265         }
 266         print_string(s);
 267 }
 268
 269 static void print_compound_literal(
 270                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 271 {
 272         print_char('(');
 273         print_type(expression->type);
 274         print_char(')');
 275         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 276 }
 277
 278 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 279 {
 280         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 281 }
 282
 283 /**
 284  * Prints a call expression.
 285  *
 286  * @param call  the call expression
 287  */
 288 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 289 {
 290         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 291         print_char('(');
 292         separator_t sep = { "", ", " };
 293         for (call_argument_t const *arg = call->arguments; arg; arg = arg->next) {
 294                 print_string(sep_next(&sep));
 295                 print_assignment_expression(arg->expression);
 296         }
 297         print_char(')');
 298 }
 299
 300 /**
 301  * Prints a binary expression.
 302  *
 303  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 304  */
 305 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 306 {
 307         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 308         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 309
 310         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 311         char const* op;
 312         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 313         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 314         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 315         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 316         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 317         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 318         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 319         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 320         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 321         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 322         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 323         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 324         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 325         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 326         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 327         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 328         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 329         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 330         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 331         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 332         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 333
 334         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 335         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 336         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 337         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 338         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 339         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 340         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 341         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 342         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 343         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 344         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 345         }
 346         print_string(op);
 347         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 348 }
 349
 350 /**
 351  * Prints an unary expression.
 352  *
 353  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 354  */
 355 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 356 {
 357         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 358         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 359         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_char  ('-' ); break;
 360         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_char  ('+' ); break;
 361         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_char  ('!' ); break;
 362         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_char  ('~' ); break;
 363         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 364         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 365         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_char  ('*' ); break;
 366         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_char  ('&' ); break;
 367         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 368         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 369
 370         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 371                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 372                 print_string("++");
 373                 return;
 374         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 375                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 376                 print_string("--");
 377                 return;
 378         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 379                 print_char('(');
 380                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 381                 print_char(')');
 382                 break;
 383         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 384                 print_string("__assume(");
 385                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 386                 print_char(')');
 387                 return;
 388
 389         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 390                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 391                         print_string("throw");
 392                         return;
 393                 }
 394                 print_string("throw ");
 395                 break;
 396
 397         default:
 398                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 399         }
 400         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 401 }
 402
 403 /**
 404  * Prints a reference expression.
 405  *
 406  * @param ref   the reference expression
 407  */
 408 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 409 {
 410         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 411 }
 412
 413 /**
 414  * Prints a label address expression.
 415  *
 416  * @param ref   the reference expression
 417  */
 418 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 419 {
 420         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 421 }
 422
 423 /**
 424  * Prints an array expression.
 425  *
 426  * @param expression   the array expression
 427  */
 428 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 429 {
 430         if (!expression->flipped) {
 431                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 432                 print_char('[');
 433                 print_expression(expression->index);
 434                 print_char(']');
 435         } else {
 436                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 437                 print_char('[');
 438                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 439                 print_char(']');
 440         }
 441 }
 442
 443 /**
 444  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 445  *
 446  * @param expression   the type property expression
 447  */
 448 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 449 {
 450         switch (expression->base.kind) {
 451         case EXPR_SIZEOF:  print_string("sizeof");                                   break;
 452         case EXPR_ALIGNOF: print_string(c_mode & _C11 ? "_Alignof" : "__alignof__"); break;
 453         default:           panic("invalid typeprop kind");
 454         }
 455         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 456                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 457                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 458         } else {
 459                 print_char('(');
 460                 print_type(expression->type);
 461                 print_char(')');
 462         }
 463 }
 464
 465 /**
 466  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 467  *
 468  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 469  */
 470 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 471 {
 472         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 473         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 474         print_char(')');
 475 }
 476
 477 /**
 478  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 479  *
 480  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 481  */
 482 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 483                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 484 {
 485         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 486         print_type(expression->left);
 487         print_string(", ");
 488         print_type(expression->right);
 489         print_char(')');
 490 }
 491
 492 /**
 493  * Prints a conditional expression.
 494  *
 495  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 496  */
 497 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 498 {
 499         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 500         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 501                 print_string(" ? ");
 502                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 503                 print_string(" : ");
 504         } else {
 505                 print_string(" ?: ");
 506         }
 507         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 508         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 509 }
 510
 511 /**
 512  * Prints a va_start expression.
 513  *
 514  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 515  */
 516 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 517 {
 518         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 519         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 520         print_string(", ");
 521         print_assignment_expression(expression->parameter);
 522         print_char(')');
 523 }
 524
 525 /**
 526  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 527  *
 528  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 529  */
 530 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 531 {
 532         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 533         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 534         print_string(", ");
 535         print_type(expression->base.type);
 536         print_char(')');
 537 }
 538
 539 /**
 540  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 541  *
 542  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 543  */
 544 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 545 {
 546         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 547         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 548         print_string(", ");
 549         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 550         print_char(')');
 551 }
 552
 553 /**
 554  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 555  *
 556  * @param expression   the select expression
 557  */
 558 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 559 {
 560         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 561         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 562          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 563          */
 564         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 565                 return;
 566
 567         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 568                 print_string("->");
 569         } else {
 570                 print_char('.');
 571         }
 572         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 573 }
 574
 575 /**
 576  * Prints a type classify expression.
 577  *
 578  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 579  */
 580 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 581         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 582 {
 583         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 584         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 585         print_char(')');
 586 }
 587
 588 /**
 589  * Prints a designator.
 590  *
 591  * @param designator  the designator
 592  */
 593 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 594 {
 595         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 596                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 597                         print_char('[');
 598                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 599                         print_char(']');
 600                 } else {
 601                         print_char('.');
 602                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 603                 }
 604         }
 605 }
 606
 607 /**
 608  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 609  *
 610  * @param expression   the offset expression
 611  */
 612 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 613 {
 614         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 615         print_type(expression->type);
 616         print_char(',');
 617         print_designator(expression->designator);
 618         print_char(')');
 619 }
 620
 621 /**
 622  * Prints a statement expression.
 623  *
 624  * @param expression   the statement expression
 625  */
 626 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 627 {
 628         print_char('(');
 629         print_statement(expression->statement);
 630         print_char(')');
 631 }
 632
 633 static bool needs_parentheses(expression_t const *const expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 634 {
 635         if (expr->base.parenthesized)
 636                 return true;
 637
 638         if (top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expr->base.kind))
 639                 return true;
 640
 641         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) {
 642                 switch (expr->kind) {
 643                 case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
 644                 case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 645                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
 646                 case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 647                 case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 648                 case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 649                         /* Do not print () around subexpressions consisting of a single token. */
 650                         return false;
 651
 652                 default:
 653                         return true;
 654                 }
 655         }
 656
 657         return false;
 658 }
 659
 660 /**
 661  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 662  *
 663  * @param expression  the expression to print
 664  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 665  */
 666 static void print_expression_prec(expression_t const *expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 667 {
 668         if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST && expr->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 669                 expr = expr->unary.value;
 670         }
 671
 672         bool const parenthesized = needs_parentheses(expr, top_prec);
 673
 674         if (parenthesized)
 675                 print_char('(');
 676         switch (expr->kind) {
 677         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 678         case EXPR_SIZEOF:                     print_typeprop_expression(     &expr->typeprop);                 break;
 679         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:               print_array_expression(        &expr->array_access);             break;
 680         case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:               print_binary_expression(       &expr->binary);                   break;
 681         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:         print_builtin_constant(        &expr->builtin_constant);         break;
 682         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: print_builtin_types_compatible(&expr->builtin_types_compatible); break;
 683         case EXPR_CALL:                       print_call_expression(         &expr->call);                     break;
 684         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:              print_classify_type_expression(&expr->classify_type);            break;
 685         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:           print_compound_literal(        &expr->compound_literal);         break;
 686         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:                print_conditional(             &expr->conditional);              break;
 687         case EXPR_ERROR:                      print_string("$error$");                                         break;
 688         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:                   print_funcname(                &expr->funcname);                 break;
 689         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:              print_label_address_expression(&expr->label_address);            break;
 690         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:              print_literal(                 &expr->literal);                  break;
 691         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:          print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '\'');     break;
 692         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:                   print_offsetof_expression(     &expr->offsetofe);                break;
 693         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 694         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:              print_reference_expression(    &expr->reference);                break;
 695         case EXPR_SELECT:                     print_select(                  &expr->select);                   break;
 696         case EXPR_STATEMENT:                  print_statement_expression(    &expr->statement);                break;
 697         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:             print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal, '"');      break;
 698         case EXPR_UNARY_CASES:                print_unary_expression(        &expr->unary);                    break;
 699         case EXPR_VA_ARG:                     print_va_arg(                  &expr->va_arge);                  break;
 700         case EXPR_VA_COPY:                    print_va_copy(                 &expr->va_copye);                 break;
 701         case EXPR_VA_START:                   print_va_start(                &expr->va_starte);                break;
 702         }
 703         if (parenthesized)
 704                 print_char(')');
 705 }
 706
 707 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 708 {
 709         switch (stmt->kind) {
 710         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 711                 break;
 712
 713         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 714                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 715                         print_char('\t');
 716                 break;
 717
 718         default:
 719                 print_indent();
 720                 break;
 721         }
 722         print_statement(stmt);
 723 }
 724
 725 /**
 726  * Print an compound statement.
 727  *
 728  * @param block  the compound statement
 729  */
 730 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 731 {
 732         print_string("{\n");
 733         ++indent;
 734
 735         for (statement_t const *stmt = block->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
 736                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 737                 print_char('\n');
 738         }
 739
 740         --indent;
 741         print_indent();
 742         print_char('}');
 743 }
 744
 745 /**
 746  * Print a return statement.
 747  *
 748  * @param statement  the return statement
 749  */
 750 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 751 {
 752         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 753         if (val != NULL) {
 754                 print_string("return ");
 755                 print_expression(val);
 756                 print_char(';');
 757         } else {
 758                 print_string("return;");
 759         }
 760 }
 761
 762 /**
 763  * Print an expression statement.
 764  *
 765  * @param statement  the expression statement
 766  */
 767 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 768 {
 769         print_expression(statement->expression);
 770         print_char(';');
 771 }
 772
 773 /**
 774  * Print a computed goto statement.
 775  *
 776  * @param statement  the computed goto statement
 777  */
 778 static void print_computed_goto_statement(computed_goto_statement_t const *const stmt)
 779 {
 780         print_string("goto *");
 781         print_expression(stmt->expression);
 782         print_char(';');
 783 }
 784
 785 /**
 786  * Print a goto statement.
 787  *
 788  * @param statement  the goto statement
 789  */
 790 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 791 {
 792         print_string("goto ");
 793         print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 794         print_char(';');
 795 }
 796
 797 /**
 798  * Print a label statement.
 799  *
 800  * @param statement  the label statement
 801  */
 802 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 803 {
 804         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 805         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 806 }
 807
 808 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 809 {
 810         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 811                 print_char(' ');
 812                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 813         } else {
 814                 print_char('\n');
 815                 ++indent;
 816                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 817                 --indent;
 818         }
 819 }
 820
 821 static void print_after_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 822 {
 823         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 824                 print_char(' ');
 825         } else {
 826                 print_char('\n');
 827                 print_indent();
 828         }
 829 }
 830
 831 /**
 832  * Print an if statement.
 833  *
 834  * @param statement  the if statement
 835  */
 836 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 837 {
 838         print_string("if (");
 839         print_expression(statement->condition);
 840         print_char(')');
 841         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 842
 843         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 844         if (f) {
 845                 print_after_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 846                 print_string("else");
 847                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 848                         print_char(' ');
 849                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 850                 } else {
 851                         print_inner_statement(f);
 852                 }
 853         }
 854 }
 855
 856 /**
 857  * Print a switch statement.
 858  *
 859  * @param statement  the switch statement
 860  */
 861 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 862 {
 863         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 864         case_indent = indent;
 865
 866         print_string("switch (");
 867         print_expression(statement->expression);
 868         print_char(')');
 869         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 870
 871         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 872 }
 873
 874 /**
 875  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 876  *
 877  * @param statement  the case label statement
 878  */
 879 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 880 {
 881         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 882                 print_string("default:\n");
 883         } else {
 884                 print_string("case ");
 885                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 886                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 887                         print_string(" ... ");
 888                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 889                 }
 890                 print_string(":\n");
 891         }
 892         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 893 }
 894
 895 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 896 {
 897         print_string("typedef ");
 898         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 899         print_char(';');
 900 }
 901
 902 /**
 903  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 904  * correspondenc in the source file
 905  */
 906 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 907 {
 908         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 909                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 910
 911         if (is_declaration(entity))
 912                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 913
 914         return false;
 915 }
 916
 917 /**
 918  * Print a declaration statement.
 919  *
 920  * @param statement   the statement
 921  */
 922 static void print_declaration_statement(
 923                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 924 {
 925         bool first = true;
 926         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 927         if (entity == NULL) {
 928                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 929                 return;
 930         }
 931
 932         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 933         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 934                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 935                         continue;
 936                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 937                         continue;
 938
 939                 if (!first) {
 940                         print_char('\n');
 941                         print_indent();
 942                 } else {
 943                         first = false;
 944                 }
 945
 946                 print_entity(entity);
 947         }
 948 }
 949
 950 /**
 951  * Print a do-while statement.
 952  *
 953  * @param statement   the statement
 954  */
 955 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 956 {
 957         print_string("do");
 958         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 959         print_after_inner_statement(statement->body);
 960         print_string("while (");
 961         print_expression(statement->condition);
 962         print_string(");");
 963 }
 964
 965 /**
 966  * Print a for statement.
 967  *
 968  * @param statement   the statement
 969  */
 970 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
 971 {
 972         if (statement->initialisation || statement->scope.entities || !statement->condition || statement->step) {
 973                 print_string("for (");
 974                 if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
 975                         print_expression(statement->initialisation);
 976                         print_char(';');
 977                 } else {
 978                         entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
 979                         for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
 980                                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 981                                         continue;
 982                                 /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
 983                                 print_declaration(entity);
 984                         }
 985                 }
 986                 if (statement->condition != NULL) {
 987                         print_char(' ');
 988                         print_expression(statement->condition);
 989                 }
 990                 print_char(';');
 991                 if (statement->step != NULL) {
 992                         print_char(' ');
 993                         print_expression(statement->step);
 994                 }
 995         } else {
 996                 print_string("while (");
 997                 print_expression(statement->condition);
 998         }
 999         print_char(')');
1000         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1001 }
1002
1003 /**
1004  * Print assembler arguments.
1005  *
1006  * @param arguments   the arguments
1007  */
1008 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1009 {
1010         separator_t     sep      = { "", ", " };
1011         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1012         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1013                 print_string(sep_next(&sep));
1014                 if (argument->symbol) {
1015                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1016                 }
1017                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"');
1018                 print_string(" (");
1019                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1020                 print_char(')');
1021         }
1022 }
1023
1024 /**
1025  * Print assembler clobbers.
1026  *
1027  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1028  */
1029 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1030 {
1031         separator_t    sep     = { "", ", " };
1032         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1033         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1034                 print_string(sep_next(&sep));
1035                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"');
1036         }
1037 }
1038
1039 /**
1040  * Print an assembler statement.
1041  *
1042  * @param statement   the statement
1043  */
1044 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1045 {
1046         print_string("asm ");
1047         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1048                 print_string("volatile ");
1049         }
1050         print_char('(');
1051         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"');
1052         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1053             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1054             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1055                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1056
1057         print_string(" : ");
1058         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1059         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1060                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1061
1062         print_string(" : ");
1063         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1064         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1065                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1066
1067         print_string(" : ");
1068         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1069
1070 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1071         print_string(");");
1072 }
1073
1074 /**
1075  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1076  *
1077  * @param statement   the statement
1078  */
1079 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1080 {
1081         print_string("__try");
1082         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1083         print_after_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1084         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1085                 print_string("__except(");
1086                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1087                 print_char(')');
1088         } else {
1089                 print_string("__finally");
1090         }
1091         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1092 }
1093
1094 /**
1095  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1096  *
1097  * @param statement   the statement
1098  */
1099 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1100 {
1101         (void)statement;
1102         print_string("__leave;");
1103 }
1104
1105 /**
1106  * Print a statement.
1107  *
1108  * @param statement   the statement
1109  */
1110 void print_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
1111 {
1112         switch (stmt->kind) {
1113         case STATEMENT_ASM:           print_asm_statement(          &stmt->asms);          break;
1114         case STATEMENT_BREAK:         print_string("break;");                              break;
1115         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:    print_case_label(             &stmt->case_label);    break;
1116         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:      print_compound_statement(     &stmt->compound);      break;
1117         case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: print_computed_goto_statement(&stmt->computed_goto); break;
1118         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:      print_string("continue;");                           break;
1119         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:   print_declaration_statement(  &stmt->declaration);   break;
1120         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:      print_do_while_statement(     &stmt->do_while);      break;
1121         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:         print_char(';');                                     break;
1122         case STATEMENT_ERROR:         print_string("$error statement$");                   break;
1123         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:    print_expression_statement(   &stmt->expression);    break;
1124         case STATEMENT_FOR:           print_for_statement(          &stmt->fors);          break;
1125         case STATEMENT_GOTO:          print_goto_statement(         &stmt->gotos);         break;
1126         case STATEMENT_IF:            print_if_statement(           &stmt->ifs);           break;
1127         case STATEMENT_LABEL:         print_label_statement(        &stmt->label);         break;
1128         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:         print_leave_statement(        &stmt->leave);         break;
1129         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:        print_ms_try_statement(       &stmt->ms_try);        break;
1130         case STATEMENT_RETURN:        print_return_statement(       &stmt->returns);       break;
1131         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:        print_switch_statement(       &stmt->switchs);       break;
1132         }
1133 }
1134
1135 /**
1136  * Print a storage class.
1137  *
1138  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1139  */
1140 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1141 {
1142         switch (storage_class) {
1143         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1144         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1145         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1146         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1147         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1148         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1149         }
1150         panic("invalid storage class");
1151 }
1152
1153 /**
1154  * Print an initializer.
1155  *
1156  * @param initializer  the initializer
1157  */
1158 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1159 {
1160         if (initializer == NULL) {
1161                 print_string("{}");
1162                 return;
1163         }
1164
1165         switch (initializer->kind) {
1166         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1167         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1168                 print_assignment_expression(initializer->value.value);
1169                 return;
1170
1171         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1172                 print_string("{ ");
1173                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1174
1175                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1176                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1177                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1178                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1179                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1180                                         print_string(", ");
1181                         }
1182                 }
1183                 print_string(" }");
1184                 return;
1185         }
1186
1187         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1188                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1189                 print_string(" = ");
1190                 return;
1191         }
1192
1193         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1194 }
1195
1196 #if 0
1197 /**
1198  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1199  */
1200 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1201 {
1202         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1203                 return;
1204
1205         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1206
1207         separator_t sep = { "__declspec(", ", " };
1208
1209         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1210                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1211                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1212                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1213                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1214                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1215                                 print_format("%salign(%u)", sep_next(&sep), variable->alignment);
1216                         }
1217                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1218                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1219                                 char *comma = "";
1220                                 print_format("%sproperty(", sep_next(&sep));
1221                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1222                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1223                                         comma = ", ";
1224                                 }
1225                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1226                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1227                                 print_char(')');
1228                         }
1229                 }
1230         }
1231
1232         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1233         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1234                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1235                         print_format("%sdllimport", sep_next(&sep));
1236                 }
1237                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1238                         print_format("%sdllexport", sep_next(&sep));
1239                 }
1240                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1241                         print_format("%sthread", sep_next(&sep));
1242                 }
1243                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1244                         print_format("%snaked", sep_next(&sep));
1245                 }
1246                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1247                         print_format("%sthread", sep_next(&sep));
1248                 }
1249                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1250                         print_format("%sselectany", sep_next(&sep));
1251                 }
1252                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1253                         print_format("%snothrow", sep_next(&sep));
1254                 }
1255                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1256                         print_format("%snoreturn", sep_next(&sep));
1257                 }
1258                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1259                         print_format("%snoinline", sep_next(&sep));
1260                 }
1261                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1262                         print_format("%sdeprecated", sep_next(&sep));
1263                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1264                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1265                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1266                 }
1267                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1268                         print_format("%srestrict", sep_next(&sep));
1269                 }
1270                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1271                         print_format("%snoalias", sep_next(&sep));
1272                 }
1273         }
1274
1275         if (!sep_at_first(&sep))
1276                 print_string(") ");
1277 }
1278 #endif
1279
1280 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1281 {
1282         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1283         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1284                 print_indent();
1285                 print_entity(entity);
1286                 print_char('\n');
1287         }
1288 }
1289
1290 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1291 {
1292         print_string("namespace ");
1293         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1294                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1295                 print_char(' ');
1296         }
1297
1298         print_string("{\n");
1299         ++indent;
1300
1301         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1302
1303         --indent;
1304         print_indent();
1305         print_string("}\n");
1306 }
1307
1308 /**
1309  * Print a variable or function declaration
1310  */
1311 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1312 {
1313         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1314         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1315
1316         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1317         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1318                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1319                 if (function->is_inline) {
1320                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1321                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1322                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1323                                 print_string("__inline ");
1324                         } else {
1325                                 print_string("inline ");
1326                         }
1327                 }
1328         }
1329         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1330         switch (entity->kind) {
1331                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1332                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1333                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1334
1335                         if (entity->function.body != NULL) {
1336                                 print_char('\n');
1337                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.body);
1338                                 print_char('\n');
1339                                 return;
1340                         }
1341                         break;
1342
1343                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1344                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1345                                 print_string(c_mode & _C11 ? "_Thread_local " : "__thread ");
1346                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1347                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1348                                 print_string(" = ");
1349                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1350                         }
1351                         break;
1352
1353                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1354                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1355                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1356                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1357                         }
1358                         break;
1359
1360                 default:
1361                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1362                         break;
1363         }
1364         print_char(';');
1365 }
1366
1367 /**
1368  * Prints an expression.
1369  *
1370  * @param expression  the expression
1371  */
1372 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1373 {
1374         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1375 }
1376
1377 /**
1378  * Print a declaration.
1379  *
1380  * @param declaration  the declaration
1381  */
1382 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1383 {
1384         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1385                 return;
1386
1387         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1388         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1389         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1390         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1391         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1392                 print_declaration(entity);
1393                 return;
1394         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1395                 print_typedef(entity);
1396                 return;
1397         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1398                 /* TODO */
1399                 print_string("class ");
1400                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1401                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1402                 return;
1403         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1404                 print_string("struct ");
1405                 goto print_compound;
1406         case ENTITY_UNION:
1407                 print_string("union ");
1408 print_compound:
1409                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1410                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1411                         print_char(' ');
1412                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1413                 }
1414                 print_char(';');
1415                 return;
1416         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1417                 print_string("enum ");
1418                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1419                 print_char(' ');
1420                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1421                 print_char(';');
1422                 return;
1423         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1424                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1425                 return;
1426         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1427                 print_string("__label__ ");
1428                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1429                 print_char(';');
1430                 return;
1431         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1432         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1433                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1434         }
1435         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1436 }
1437
1438 /**
1439  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1440  *
1441  * @param unit   the translation unit
1442  */
1443 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1444 {
1445         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1446         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1447                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1448                         continue;
1449                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1450                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1451                         continue;
1452                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1453                         continue;
1454
1455                 print_indent();
1456                 print_entity(entity);
1457                 print_char('\n');
1458         }
1459 }
1460
1461 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1462 {
1463         switch (initializer->kind) {
1464         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1465         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1466                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1467
1468         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1469                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1470
1471         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1472                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1473                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1474                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1475                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1476                         if (all > cur) {
1477                                 all = cur;
1478                         }
1479                 }
1480                 return all;
1481         }
1482         }
1483         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1484 }
1485
1486 /**
1487  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1488  * to the linker. Example:
1489  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1490  *         constant but the address of x is.
1491  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1492  */
1493 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1494         const expression_t *expression)
1495 {
1496         switch (expression->kind) {
1497         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1498                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1499
1500         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1501                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1502                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1503                         /* it's a -> */
1504                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1505                 } else {
1506                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1507                 }
1508         }
1509
1510         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1511                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1512                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1513                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1514         }
1515
1516         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1517                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1518                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1519                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1520
1521                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1522                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1523                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1524                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1525                         return
1526                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1527                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1528                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1529
1530                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1531                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1532                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1533                         break;
1534                 }
1535                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1536         }
1537
1538         case EXPR_ERROR:
1539                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1540
1541         default:
1542                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1543         }
1544 }
1545
1546 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1547 {
1548         switch (expression->kind) {
1549         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1550         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1551         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1552                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1553
1554         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1555                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1556
1557         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1558                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1559
1560         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1561                 type_t *real_type
1562                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1563                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1564                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1565                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1566                 }
1567                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1568         }
1569
1570         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1571                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1572                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1573                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1574                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1575                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1576                     ))
1577                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1578
1579                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1580         }
1581
1582         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1583         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1584                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1585                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1586                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1587                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1588
1589                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1590                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1591                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1592                         return l < r ? l : r;
1593                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1594                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1595                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1596                         return l < r ? l : r;
1597                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1598                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1599                 } else {
1600                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1601                 }
1602         }
1603
1604         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1605                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1606                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1607                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1608
1609                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1610                 if (is_type_function(type))
1611                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1612                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1613                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1614                 }
1615                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1616                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1617                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1618                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1619         }
1620
1621         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1622                 type_t *const type =
1623                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1624                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1625                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1626                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1627         }
1628
1629         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1630                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1631                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1632                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1633                         return cclass;
1634
1635                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1636                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1637                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1638                 } else {
1639                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1640                 }
1641         }
1642
1643         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1644                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1645                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1646                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1647                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1648                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1649                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1650                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1651                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1652                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1653                                 /* it's a -> */
1654                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1655                         } else {
1656                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1657                         }
1658                 }
1659                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1660         }
1661
1662         default:
1663                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1664         }
1665 }
1666
1667 /**
1668  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1669  * returning a constant result.
1670  */
1671 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1672 {
1673         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1674         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1675                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1676         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1677         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1678                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1679
1680         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1681         case BUILTIN_INF:
1682         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1683                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1684         default:
1685                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1686         }
1687
1688 }
1689
1690 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1691 {
1692         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1693         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1694                 return expr_class;
1695
1696         switch (expression->kind) {
1697         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1698                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1699         default:
1700                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1701         }
1702 }
1703
1704 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1705 {
1706         switch (expression->kind) {
1707         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1708                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1709                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1710                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1711                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1712                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1713                 } else {
1714                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1715                 }
1716         }
1717
1718         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1719                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1720                         &expression->array_access;
1721                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1722                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1723                         return idx_class;
1724                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1725                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1726                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1727         }
1728
1729         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1730                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1731
1732         case EXPR_ERROR:
1733                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1734
1735         default:
1736                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1737         }
1738 }
1739
1740 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1741 {
1742         switch (expression->kind) {
1743         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
1744         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1745         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1746         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
1747         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
1748                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1749
1750         {
1751                 type_t *type;
1752         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1753                 type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1754                 goto check_type;
1755
1756         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1757                 type = skip_typeref(expression->classify_type.type_expression->base.type);
1758                 goto check_type;
1759
1760         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
1761         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
1762                 type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1763                 goto check_type;
1764
1765         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1766                 type = skip_typeref(expression->offsetofe.type);
1767                 goto check_type;
1768
1769         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
1770                 type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1771                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1772                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1773                 goto check_type;
1774
1775 check_type:
1776                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1777         }
1778
1779         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P: {
1780                 expression_classification_t const c = is_constant_expression(expression->builtin_constant.value);
1781                 return c != EXPR_CLASS_ERROR ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1782         }
1783
1784         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1785         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1786         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1787         case EXPR_SELECT:
1788         case EXPR_VA_START:
1789         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1790         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1791         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1792         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1793         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1794         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1795         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1796         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1797         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1798         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1799         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1800         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1801         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1802         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1803         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1804         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1805         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1806         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1807         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1808         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1809         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1810         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1811         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1812         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1813         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1814                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1815
1816         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1817                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1818                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1819         }
1820
1821         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1822                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1823
1824         case EXPR_CALL:
1825                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1826
1827         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1828         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1829         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1830         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1831                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1832
1833         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1834                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1835                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1836                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1837                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1838                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1839                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1840         }
1841
1842         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1843         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1844         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1845         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1846         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1847         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1848         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1849         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1850         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1851         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1852         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1853         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1854         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1855         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1856         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1857         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1858         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1859         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1860         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1861         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1862         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1863         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1864                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1865                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1866                 return l < r ? l : r;
1867         }
1868
1869         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1870                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1871                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1872                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1873                         return lclass;
1874                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1875                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1876                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1877         }
1878
1879         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1880                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1881                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1882                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1883                         return lclass;
1884                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1885                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1886                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1887         }
1888
1889         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1890                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1891
1892         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1893                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1894                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1895                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1896                         return cclass;
1897
1898                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1899                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1900                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1901                 } else {
1902                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1903                 }
1904         }
1905
1906         case EXPR_ERROR:
1907                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1908         }
1909         panic("invalid expression");
1910 }
1911
1912 void init_ast(void)
1913 {
1914         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1915 }
1916
1917 void exit_ast(void)
1918 {
1919         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1920 }