nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "types.h"
  30
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <ctype.h>
  35
  36 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  37 #include <mathimf.h>
  38 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  39 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  40 #else
  41 #include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "adt/error.h"
  45 #include "adt/util.h"
  46
  47 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  48
  49 static int indent;
  50 static int case_indent;
  51
  52 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  53 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  54
  55 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  56 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  57
  58 void change_indent(int delta)
  59 {
  60         indent += delta;
  61         assert(indent >= 0);
  62 }
  63
  64 void print_indent(void)
  65 {
  66         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  67                 print_string("\t");
  68 }
  69
  70 static void print_stringrep(const string_t *string)
  71 {
  72         for (size_t i = 0; i < string->size; ++i) {
  73                 print_char(string->begin[i]);
  74         }
  75 }
  76
  77 /**
  78  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  79  * associativity, else 0.
  80  *
  81  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  82  */
  83 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  84 {
  85         switch (precedence) {
  86         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  87         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  88         case PREC_UNARY:
  89                 return 1;
  90
  91         default:
  92                 return 0;
  93         }
  94 }
  95
  96 /**
  97  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  98  *
  99  * @param kind   the expression kind
 100  */
 101 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
 102 {
 103         static const unsigned prec[] = {
 104                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 107                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 108                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 109                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 110                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 111                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 112                 [EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 113                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 114                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 115                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 117                 [EXPR_CALL]                              = PREC_POSTFIX,
 118                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                       = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 119                 [EXPR_SELECT]                            = PREC_POSTFIX,
 120                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]                      = PREC_POSTFIX,
 121                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                            = PREC_UNARY,
 122                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 123                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                           = PREC_UNARY,
 124
 125                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 126                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]                = PREC_PRIMARY,
 127                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 128                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 129                 [EXPR_VA_START]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 130                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 131                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 132                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 133                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 134
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]                      = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                        = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                         = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]                = PREC_UNARY,
 141                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]           = PREC_POSTFIX,
 142                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]           = PREC_POSTFIX,
 143                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]            = PREC_UNARY,
 144                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]            = PREC_UNARY,
 145                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                        = PREC_UNARY,
 146                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 147                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]                      = PREC_UNARY,
 148                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]                = PREC_UNARY,
 149                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                       = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 150
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                        = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                        = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]                      = PREC_EQUALITY,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]                   = PREC_EQUALITY,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                       = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]                  = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]                    = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]               = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]                = PREC_AND,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]                 = PREC_OR,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]                = PREC_XOR,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]                = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]                 = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]                  = PREC_SHIFT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]                 = PREC_SHIFT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]                     = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]           = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 179                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 180                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]                      = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 181
 182                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 183                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 184                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 185                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]                = PREC_PRIMARY,
 186                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 187                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]                = PREC_PRIMARY
 188         };
 189         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 190         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 191
 192         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 193         return res;
 194 }
 195
 196 /**
 197  * Print a quoted string constant.
 198  *
 199  * @param string  the string constant
 200  * @param border  the border char
 201  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 202  */
 203 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border,
 204                                 int skip)
 205 {
 206         print_char(border);
 207         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 208         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 209                 const char tc = *c;
 210                 if (tc == border) {
 211                         print_string("\\");
 212                 }
 213                 switch (tc) {
 214                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 215                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 216                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 217                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 218                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 219                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 220                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 221                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 222                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 223                 case 27:
 224                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 225                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 226                         }
 227                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 228                 default:
 229                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 230                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 231                         } else {
 232                                 print_char(tc);
 233                         }
 234                         break;
 235                 }
 236         }
 237         print_char(border);
 238 }
 239
 240 static void print_string_literal(const string_literal_expression_t *literal)
 241 {
 242         if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL) {
 243                 print_char('L');
 244         }
 245         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '"', 1);
 246 }
 247
 248 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 249 {
 250         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 251         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 252                 print_string("__noop");
 253                 return;
 254         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL:
 255         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL:
 256                 print_string("0x");
 257                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 258         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 259         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 260         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL:
 261         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 262                 print_stringrep(&literal->value);
 263                 if (literal->suffix.size > 0)
 264                         print_stringrep(&literal->suffix);
 265                 return;
 266         case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
 267                 print_char('L');
 268                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 269         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 270                 print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '\'', 0);
 271                 return;
 272         default:
 273                 break;
 274         }
 275         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 276 }
 277
 278 /**
 279  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 280  */
 281 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 282 {
 283         const char *s = "";
 284         switch (funcname->kind) {
 285         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 286         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 287         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 288         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 289         }
 290         print_string(s);
 291 }
 292
 293 static void print_compound_literal(
 294                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 295 {
 296         print_string("(");
 297         print_type(expression->type);
 298         print_string(")");
 299         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 300 }
 301
 302 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 303 {
 304         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 305 }
 306
 307 /**
 308  * Prints a call expression.
 309  *
 310  * @param call  the call expression
 311  */
 312 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 313 {
 314         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 315         print_string("(");
 316         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 317         int              first    = 1;
 318         while (argument != NULL) {
 319                 if (!first) {
 320                         print_string(", ");
 321                 } else {
 322                         first = 0;
 323                 }
 324                 print_assignment_expression(argument->expression);
 325
 326                 argument = argument->next;
 327         }
 328         print_string(")");
 329 }
 330
 331 /**
 332  * Prints a binary expression.
 333  *
 334  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 335  */
 336 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 337 {
 338         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 339         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 340
 341         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 342         char const* op;
 343         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 344         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 345         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 346         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 347         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 348         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 349         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 350         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 351         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 352         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 353         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 354         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 355         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 356         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 357         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 358         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 359         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 360         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 361         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 362         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 363         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 364
 365         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 366         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 367         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 368         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 369         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 370         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 371         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 372         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 373         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 374         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 375         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 376         }
 377         print_string(op);
 378         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 379 }
 380
 381 /**
 382  * Prints an unary expression.
 383  *
 384  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 385  */
 386 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 387 {
 388         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 389         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 390         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_string("-"); break;
 391         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_string("+"); break;
 392         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_string("!"); break;
 393         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_string("~"); break;
 394         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 395         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 396         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_string("*"); break;
 397         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_string("&"); break;
 398         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 399         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 400
 401         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 402                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 403                 print_string("++");
 404                 return;
 405         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 406                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 407                 print_string("--");
 408                 return;
 409         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 410                 print_string("(");
 411                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 412                 print_string(")");
 413                 break;
 414         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 415                 print_string("__assume(");
 416                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 417                 print_string(")");
 418                 return;
 419
 420         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 421                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 422                         print_string("throw");
 423                         return;
 424                 }
 425                 print_string("throw ");
 426                 break;
 427
 428         default:
 429                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 430         }
 431         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 432 }
 433
 434 /**
 435  * Prints a reference expression.
 436  *
 437  * @param ref   the reference expression
 438  */
 439 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 440 {
 441         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 442 }
 443
 444 /**
 445  * Prints a label address expression.
 446  *
 447  * @param ref   the reference expression
 448  */
 449 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 450 {
 451         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 452 }
 453
 454 /**
 455  * Prints an array expression.
 456  *
 457  * @param expression   the array expression
 458  */
 459 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 460 {
 461         if (!expression->flipped) {
 462                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 463                 print_string("[");
 464                 print_expression(expression->index);
 465                 print_string("]");
 466         } else {
 467                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 468                 print_string("[");
 469                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 470                 print_string("]");
 471         }
 472 }
 473
 474 /**
 475  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 476  *
 477  * @param expression   the type property expression
 478  */
 479 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 480 {
 481         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 482                 print_string("sizeof");
 483         } else {
 484                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 485                 print_string("__alignof__");
 486         }
 487         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 488                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 489                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 490         } else {
 491                 print_string("(");
 492                 print_type(expression->type);
 493                 print_string(")");
 494         }
 495 }
 496
 497 /**
 498  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 499  *
 500  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 501  */
 502 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 503 {
 504         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 505         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 506         print_string(")");
 507 }
 508
 509 /**
 510  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 511  *
 512  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 513  */
 514 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 515                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 516 {
 517         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 518         print_type(expression->left);
 519         print_string(", ");
 520         print_type(expression->right);
 521         print_string(")");
 522 }
 523
 524 /**
 525  * Prints a conditional expression.
 526  *
 527  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 528  */
 529 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 530 {
 531         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 532         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 533                 print_string(" ? ");
 534                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 535                 print_string(" : ");
 536         } else {
 537                 print_string(" ?: ");
 538         }
 539         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 540         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 541 }
 542
 543 /**
 544  * Prints a va_start expression.
 545  *
 546  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 547  */
 548 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 549 {
 550         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 551         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 552         print_string(", ");
 553         print_string(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string);
 554         print_string(")");
 555 }
 556
 557 /**
 558  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 559  *
 560  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 561  */
 562 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 563 {
 564         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 565         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 566         print_string(", ");
 567         print_type(expression->base.type);
 568         print_string(")");
 569 }
 570
 571 /**
 572  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 573  *
 574  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 575  */
 576 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 577 {
 578         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 579         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 580         print_string(", ");
 581         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 582         print_string(")");
 583 }
 584
 585 /**
 586  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 587  *
 588  * @param expression   the select expression
 589  */
 590 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 591 {
 592         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 593         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 594          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 595          */
 596         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 597                 return;
 598
 599         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 600                 print_string("->");
 601         } else {
 602                 print_string(".");
 603         }
 604         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 605 }
 606
 607 /**
 608  * Prints a type classify expression.
 609  *
 610  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 611  */
 612 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 613         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 614 {
 615         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 616         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 617         print_string(")");
 618 }
 619
 620 /**
 621  * Prints a designator.
 622  *
 623  * @param designator  the designator
 624  */
 625 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 626 {
 627         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 628                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 629                         print_string("[");
 630                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 631                         print_string("]");
 632                 } else {
 633                         print_string(".");
 634                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 635                 }
 636         }
 637 }
 638
 639 /**
 640  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 641  *
 642  * @param expression   the offset expression
 643  */
 644 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 645 {
 646         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 647         print_type(expression->type);
 648         print_string(",");
 649         print_designator(expression->designator);
 650         print_string(")");
 651 }
 652
 653 /**
 654  * Prints a statement expression.
 655  *
 656  * @param expression   the statement expression
 657  */
 658 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 659 {
 660         print_string("(");
 661         print_statement(expression->statement);
 662         print_string(")");
 663 }
 664
 665 /**
 666  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 667  *
 668  * @param expression  the expression to print
 669  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 670  */
 671 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 672 {
 673         if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST
 674             && expression->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 675                 expression = expression->unary.value;
 676         }
 677
 678         bool parenthesized =
 679                 expression->base.parenthesized                 ||
 680                 (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) ||
 681                 top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 682
 683         if (parenthesized)
 684                 print_string("(");
 685         switch (expression->kind) {
 686         case EXPR_ERROR:
 687                 print_string("$error$");
 688                 break;
 689         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 690         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 691                 print_string_literal(&expression->string_literal);
 692                 break;
 693         EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
 694                 print_literal(&expression->literal);
 695                 break;
 696         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 697                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 698                 break;
 699         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 700                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 701                 break;
 702         case EXPR_CALL:
 703                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 704                 break;
 705         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 706                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 707                 break;
 708         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 709         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
 710                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 711                 break;
 712         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 713                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 714                 break;
 715         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
 716                 print_label_address_expression(&expression->label_address);
 717                 break;
 718         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 719                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 720                 break;
 721         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 722         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 723                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 724                 break;
 725         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 726                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 727                 break;
 728         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
 729                 print_builtin_types_compatible(&expression->builtin_types_compatible);
 730                 break;
 731         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 732                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 733                 break;
 734         case EXPR_VA_START:
 735                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 736                 break;
 737         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 738                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 739                 break;
 740         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
 741                 print_va_copy(&expression->va_copye);
 742                 break;
 743         case EXPR_SELECT:
 744                 print_select(&expression->select);
 745                 break;
 746         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 747                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 748                 break;
 749         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 750                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 751                 break;
 752         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 753                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 754                 break;
 755         }
 756         if (parenthesized)
 757                 print_string(")");
 758 }
 759
 760 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 761 {
 762         switch (stmt->kind) {
 763         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 764                 break;
 765
 766         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 767                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 768                         print_char('\t');
 769                 break;
 770
 771         default:
 772                 print_indent();
 773                 break;
 774         }
 775         print_statement(stmt);
 776 }
 777
 778 /**
 779  * Print an compound statement.
 780  *
 781  * @param block  the compound statement
 782  */
 783 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 784 {
 785         print_string("{\n");
 786         ++indent;
 787
 788         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 789         while (statement != NULL) {
 790                 print_indented_statement(statement);
 791                 print_char('\n');
 792
 793                 statement = statement->base.next;
 794         }
 795         --indent;
 796         print_indent();
 797         print_char('}');
 798 }
 799
 800 /**
 801  * Print a return statement.
 802  *
 803  * @param statement  the return statement
 804  */
 805 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 806 {
 807         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 808         if (val != NULL) {
 809                 print_string("return ");
 810                 print_expression(val);
 811                 print_char(';');
 812         } else {
 813                 print_string("return;");
 814         }
 815 }
 816
 817 /**
 818  * Print an expression statement.
 819  *
 820  * @param statement  the expression statement
 821  */
 822 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 823 {
 824         print_expression(statement->expression);
 825         print_char(';');
 826 }
 827
 828 /**
 829  * Print a goto statement.
 830  *
 831  * @param statement  the goto statement
 832  */
 833 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 834 {
 835         print_string("goto ");
 836         if (statement->expression != NULL) {
 837                 print_string("*");
 838                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 839         } else {
 840                 print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 841         }
 842         print_char(';');
 843 }
 844
 845 /**
 846  * Print a label statement.
 847  *
 848  * @param statement  the label statement
 849  */
 850 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 851 {
 852         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 853         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 854 }
 855
 856 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 857 {
 858         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 859                 print_char(' ');
 860                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 861         } else {
 862                 print_char('\n');
 863                 ++indent;
 864                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 865                 --indent;
 866         }
 867 }
 868
 869 /**
 870  * Print an if statement.
 871  *
 872  * @param statement  the if statement
 873  */
 874 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 875 {
 876         print_string("if (");
 877         print_expression(statement->condition);
 878         print_char(')');
 879         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 880
 881         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 882         if (f) {
 883                 print_char('\n');
 884                 print_indent();
 885                 print_string("else");
 886                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 887                         print_char(' ');
 888                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 889                 } else {
 890                         print_inner_statement(f);
 891                 }
 892         }
 893 }
 894
 895 /**
 896  * Print a switch statement.
 897  *
 898  * @param statement  the switch statement
 899  */
 900 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 901 {
 902         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 903         case_indent = indent;
 904
 905         print_string("switch (");
 906         print_expression(statement->expression);
 907         print_char(')');
 908         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 909
 910         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 911 }
 912
 913 /**
 914  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 915  *
 916  * @param statement  the case label statement
 917  */
 918 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 919 {
 920         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 921                 print_string("default:\n");
 922         } else {
 923                 print_string("case ");
 924                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 925                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 926                         print_string(" ... ");
 927                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 928                 }
 929                 print_string(":\n");
 930         }
 931         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 932 }
 933
 934 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 935 {
 936         print_string("typedef ");
 937         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 938         print_string(";");
 939 }
 940
 941 /**
 942  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 943  * correspondenc in the source file
 944  */
 945 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 946 {
 947         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 948                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 949
 950         if (is_declaration(entity))
 951                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 952
 953         return false;
 954 }
 955
 956 /**
 957  * Print a declaration statement.
 958  *
 959  * @param statement   the statement
 960  */
 961 static void print_declaration_statement(
 962                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 963 {
 964         bool first = true;
 965         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 966         if (entity == NULL) {
 967                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 968                 return;
 969         }
 970
 971         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 972         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 973                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 974                         continue;
 975                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 976                         continue;
 977
 978                 if (!first) {
 979                         print_char('\n');
 980                         print_indent();
 981                 } else {
 982                         first = false;
 983                 }
 984
 985                 print_entity(entity);
 986         }
 987 }
 988
 989 /**
 990  * Print a while statement.
 991  *
 992  * @param statement   the statement
 993  */
 994 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 995 {
 996         print_string("while (");
 997         print_expression(statement->condition);
 998         print_char(')');
 999         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1000 }
1001
1002 /**
1003  * Print a do-while statement.
1004  *
1005  * @param statement   the statement
1006  */
1007 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
1008 {
1009         print_string("do");
1010         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1011         print_char('\n');
1012         print_indent();
1013         print_string("while (");
1014         print_expression(statement->condition);
1015         print_string(");");
1016 }
1017
1018 /**
1019  * Print a for statement.
1020  *
1021  * @param statement   the statement
1022  */
1023 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1024 {
1025         print_string("for (");
1026         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
1027                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1028                 print_string(";");
1029         } else {
1030                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1031                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1032                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1033                                 continue;
1034                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
1035                         print_declaration(entity);
1036                 }
1037         }
1038         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1039                 print_string(" ");
1040                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1041         }
1042         print_string(";");
1043         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1044                 print_string(" ");
1045                 print_expression(statement->step);
1046         }
1047         print_char(')');
1048         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1049 }
1050
1051 /**
1052  * Print assembler arguments.
1053  *
1054  * @param arguments   the arguments
1055  */
1056 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1057 {
1058         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1059         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1060                 if (argument != arguments)
1061                         print_string(", ");
1062
1063                 if (argument->symbol) {
1064                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1065                 }
1066                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1067                 print_string(" (");
1068                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1069                 print_string(")");
1070         }
1071 }
1072
1073 /**
1074  * Print assembler clobbers.
1075  *
1076  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1077  */
1078 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1079 {
1080         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1081         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1082                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1083                         print_string(", ");
1084
1085                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1086         }
1087 }
1088
1089 /**
1090  * Print an assembler statement.
1091  *
1092  * @param statement   the statement
1093  */
1094 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1095 {
1096         print_string("asm ");
1097         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1098                 print_string("volatile ");
1099         }
1100         print_string("(");
1101         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1102         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1103             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1104             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1105                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1106
1107         print_string(" : ");
1108         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1109         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1110                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1111
1112         print_string(" : ");
1113         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1114         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1115                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1116
1117         print_string(" : ");
1118         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1119
1120 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1121         print_string(");");
1122 }
1123
1124 /**
1125  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1126  *
1127  * @param statement   the statement
1128  */
1129 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1130 {
1131         print_string("__try");
1132         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1133         print_char('\n');
1134         print_indent();
1135         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1136                 print_string("__except(");
1137                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1138                 print_char(')');
1139         } else {
1140                 print_string("__finally");
1141         }
1142         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1143 }
1144
1145 /**
1146  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1147  *
1148  * @param statement   the statement
1149  */
1150 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1151 {
1152         (void)statement;
1153         print_string("__leave;");
1154 }
1155
1156 /**
1157  * Print a statement.
1158  *
1159  * @param statement   the statement
1160  */
1161 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1162 {
1163         switch (statement->kind) {
1164         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1165                 print_char(';');
1166                 break;
1167         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1168                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1169                 break;
1170         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1171                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1172                 break;
1173         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1174                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1175                 break;
1176         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1177                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1178                 break;
1179         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1180                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1181                 break;
1182         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1183                 print_string("continue;");
1184                 break;
1185         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1186                 print_string("break;");
1187                 break;
1188         case STATEMENT_IF:
1189                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1190                 break;
1191         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1192                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1193                 break;
1194         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1195                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1196                 break;
1197         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1198                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1199                 break;
1200         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1201                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1202                 break;
1203         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1204                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1205                 break;
1206         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1207                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1208                 break;
1209         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1210                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1211                 break;
1212         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1213                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1214                 break;
1215         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1216                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1217                 break;
1218         case STATEMENT_ERROR:
1219                 print_string("$error statement$");
1220                 break;
1221         }
1222 }
1223
1224 /**
1225  * Print a storage class.
1226  *
1227  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1228  */
1229 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1230 {
1231         switch (storage_class) {
1232         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1233         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1234         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1235         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1236         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1237         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1238         }
1239         panic("invalid storage class");
1240 }
1241
1242 /**
1243  * Print an initializer.
1244  *
1245  * @param initializer  the initializer
1246  */
1247 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1248 {
1249         if (initializer == NULL) {
1250                 print_string("{}");
1251                 return;
1252         }
1253
1254         switch (initializer->kind) {
1255         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1256                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1257                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1258                 return;
1259         }
1260         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1261                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1262                 print_string("{ ");
1263                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1264
1265                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1266                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1267                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1268                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1269                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1270                                         print_string(", ");
1271                         }
1272                 }
1273                 print_string(" }");
1274                 return;
1275         }
1276         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1277                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1278                 return;
1279         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1280                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1281                 return;
1282         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1283                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1284                 print_string(" = ");
1285                 return;
1286         }
1287
1288         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1289 }
1290
1291 #if 0
1292 /**
1293  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1294  */
1295 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1296 {
1297         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1298                 return;
1299
1300         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1301
1302         bool        ds_shown = false;
1303         const char *next     = "(";
1304
1305         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1306                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1307                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1308                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1309                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1310                         if (!ds_shown) {
1311                                 print_string("__declspec");
1312                                 ds_shown = true;
1313                         }
1314
1315                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1316                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_format("align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1317                         }
1318                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1319                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1320                                 char *comma = "";
1321                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("property(");
1322                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1323                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1324                                         comma = ", ";
1325                                 }
1326                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1327                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1328                                 print_string(")");
1329                         }
1330                 }
1331         }
1332
1333         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1334         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1335                 if (!ds_shown) {
1336                         print_string("__declspec");
1337                         ds_shown = true;
1338                 }
1339                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1340                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllimport");
1341                 }
1342                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1343                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllexport");
1344                 }
1345                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1346                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1347                 }
1348                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1349                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("naked");
1350                 }
1351                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1352                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1353                 }
1354                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1355                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("selectany");
1356                 }
1357                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1358                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("nothrow");
1359                 }
1360                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1361                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noreturn");
1362                 }
1363                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1364                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noinline");
1365                 }
1366                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1367                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("deprecated");
1368                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1369                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1370                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1371                 }
1372                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1373                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("restrict");
1374                 }
1375                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1376                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noalias");
1377                 }
1378         }
1379
1380         if (ds_shown)
1381                 print_string(") ");
1382 }
1383 #endif
1384
1385 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1386 {
1387         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1388         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1389                 print_indent();
1390                 print_entity(entity);
1391                 print_string("\n");
1392         }
1393 }
1394
1395 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1396 {
1397         print_string("namespace ");
1398         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1399                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1400                 print_string(" ");
1401         }
1402
1403         print_string("{\n");
1404         ++indent;
1405
1406         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1407
1408         --indent;
1409         print_indent();
1410         print_string("}\n");
1411 }
1412
1413 /**
1414  * Print a variable or function declaration
1415  */
1416 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1417 {
1418         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1419         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1420
1421         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1422         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1423                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1424                 if (function->is_inline) {
1425                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1426                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1427                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1428                                 print_string("__inline ");
1429                         } else {
1430                                 print_string("inline ");
1431                         }
1432                 }
1433         }
1434         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1435         switch (entity->kind) {
1436                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1437                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1438                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1439
1440                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1441                                 print_string("\n");
1442                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.statement);
1443                                 print_char('\n');
1444                                 return;
1445                         }
1446                         break;
1447
1448                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1449                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1450                                 print_string("__thread ");
1451                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1452                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1453                                 print_string(" = ");
1454                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1455                         }
1456                         break;
1457
1458                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1459                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1460                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1461                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1462                         }
1463                         break;
1464
1465                 default:
1466                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1467                         break;
1468         }
1469         print_string(";");
1470 }
1471
1472 /**
1473  * Prints an expression.
1474  *
1475  * @param expression  the expression
1476  */
1477 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1478 {
1479         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1480 }
1481
1482 /**
1483  * Print a declaration.
1484  *
1485  * @param declaration  the declaration
1486  */
1487 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1488 {
1489         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1490                 return;
1491
1492         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1493         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1494         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1495         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1496         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1497                 print_declaration(entity);
1498                 return;
1499         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1500                 print_typedef(entity);
1501                 return;
1502         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1503                 /* TODO */
1504                 print_string("class ");
1505                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1506                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1507                 return;
1508         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1509                 print_string("struct ");
1510                 goto print_compound;
1511         case ENTITY_UNION:
1512                 print_string("union ");
1513 print_compound:
1514                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1515                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1516                         print_string(" ");
1517                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1518                 }
1519                 print_string(";");
1520                 return;
1521         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1522                 print_string("enum ");
1523                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1524                 print_string(" ");
1525                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1526                 print_string(";");
1527                 return;
1528         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1529                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1530                 return;
1531         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1532                 print_string("__label__ ");
1533                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1534                 print_string(";");
1535                 return;
1536         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1537         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1538                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1539         }
1540         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1541 }
1542
1543 /**
1544  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1545  *
1546  * @param unit   the translation unit
1547  */
1548 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1549 {
1550         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1551         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1552                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1553                         continue;
1554                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1555                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1556                         continue;
1557                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1558                         continue;
1559
1560                 print_indent();
1561                 print_entity(entity);
1562                 print_string("\n");
1563         }
1564 }
1565
1566 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1567 {
1568         switch (initializer->kind) {
1569         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1570         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1571         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1572                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1573
1574         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1575                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1576
1577         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1578                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1579                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1580                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1581                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1582                         if (all > cur) {
1583                                 all = cur;
1584                         }
1585                 }
1586                 return all;
1587         }
1588         }
1589         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1590 }
1591
1592 /**
1593  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1594  * to the linker. Example:
1595  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1596  *         constant but the address of x is.
1597  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1598  */
1599 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1600         const expression_t *expression)
1601 {
1602         switch (expression->kind) {
1603         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1604                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1605
1606         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1607                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1608                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1609                         /* it's a -> */
1610                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1611                 } else {
1612                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1613                 }
1614         }
1615
1616         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1617                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1618                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1619                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1620         }
1621
1622         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1623                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1624                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1625                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1626
1627                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1628                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1629                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1630                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1631                         return
1632                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1633                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1634                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1635
1636                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1637                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1638                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1639                         break;
1640                 }
1641                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1642         }
1643
1644         case EXPR_ERROR:
1645                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1646
1647         default:
1648                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1649         }
1650 }
1651
1652 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1653 {
1654         switch (expression->kind) {
1655         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1656         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1657         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1658         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1659                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1660
1661         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1662                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1663
1664         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1665                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1666
1667         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1668                 type_t *real_type
1669                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1670                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1671                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1672                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1673                 }
1674                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1675         }
1676
1677         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1678                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1679                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1680                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1681                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1682                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1683                     ))
1684                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1685
1686                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1687         }
1688
1689         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1690         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1691                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1692                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1693                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1694                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1695
1696                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1697                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1698                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1699                         return l < r ? l : r;
1700                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1701                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1702                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1703                         return l < r ? l : r;
1704                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1705                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1706                 } else {
1707                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1708                 }
1709         }
1710
1711         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1712                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1713                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1714                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1715
1716                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1717                 if (is_type_function(type))
1718                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1719                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1720                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1721                 }
1722                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1723                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1724                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1725                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1726         }
1727
1728         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1729                 type_t *const type =
1730                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1731                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1732                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1733                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1734         }
1735
1736         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1737                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1738                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1739                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1740                         return cclass;
1741
1742                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1743                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1744                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1745                 } else {
1746                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1747                 }
1748         }
1749
1750         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1751                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1752                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1753                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1754                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1755                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1756                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1757                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1758                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1759                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1760                                 /* it's a -> */
1761                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1762                         } else {
1763                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1764                         }
1765                 }
1766                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1767         }
1768
1769         default:
1770                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1771         }
1772 }
1773
1774 /**
1775  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1776  * returning a constant result.
1777  */
1778 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1779 {
1780         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1781         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1782                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1783         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1784         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1785                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1786
1787         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1788         case BUILTIN_INF:
1789         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1790                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1791         default:
1792                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1793         }
1794
1795 }
1796
1797 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1798 {
1799         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1800         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1801                 return expr_class;
1802
1803         switch (expression->kind) {
1804         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1805                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1806         default:
1807                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1808         }
1809 }
1810
1811 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1812 {
1813         switch (expression->kind) {
1814         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1815                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1816                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1817                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1818                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1819                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1820                 } else {
1821                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1822                 }
1823         }
1824
1825         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1826                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1827                         &expression->array_access;
1828                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1829                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1830                         return idx_class;
1831                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1832                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1833                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1834         }
1835
1836         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1837                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1838
1839         case EXPR_ERROR:
1840                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1841
1842         default:
1843                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1844         }
1845 }
1846
1847 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1848 {
1849         switch (expression->kind) {
1850         EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
1851         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1852         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1853         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1854         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1855         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1856         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
1857                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1858
1859         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1860                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1861                 return
1862                         !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1863                         EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1864         }
1865
1866         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1867         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1868         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1869         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1870         case EXPR_SELECT:
1871         case EXPR_VA_START:
1872         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1873         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1874         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1875         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1876         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1877         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1878         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1879         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1880         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1881         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1882         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1883         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1884         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1885         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1886         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1887         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1888         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1889         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1890         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1891         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1892         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1893         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1894         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1895         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1896         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1897                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1898
1899         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1900                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1901                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1902         }
1903
1904         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1905                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1906
1907         case EXPR_CALL:
1908                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1909
1910         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1911         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1912         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1913         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1914                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1915
1916         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1917                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1918                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1919                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1920                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1921                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1922                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1923         }
1924
1925         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1926         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1927         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1928         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1929         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1930         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1931         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1932         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1933         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1934         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1935         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1936         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1937         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1938         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1939         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1940         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1941         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1942         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1943         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1944         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1945         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1946         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1947                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1948                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1949                 return l < r ? l : r;
1950         }
1951
1952         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1953                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1954                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1955                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1956                         return lclass;
1957                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1958                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1959                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1960         }
1961
1962         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1963                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1964                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1965                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1966                         return lclass;
1967                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1968                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1969                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1970         }
1971
1972         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1973                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1974
1975         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1976                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1977                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1978                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1979                         return cclass;
1980
1981                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1982                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1983                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1984                 } else {
1985                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1986                 }
1987         }
1988
1989         case EXPR_ERROR:
1990                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1991         }
1992         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1993 }
1994
1995 void init_ast(void)
1996 {
1997         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1998 }
1999
2000 void exit_ast(void)
2001 {
2002         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
2003 }