nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28
  29 #include <assert.h>
  30 #include <stdio.h>
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #include <ctype.h>
  33
  34 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  35 #include <mathimf.h>
  36 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  37 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  38 #else
  39 #include <math.h>
  40 #endif
  41
  42 #include "adt/error.h"
  43 #include "adt/util.h"
  44
  45 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  46
  47 static FILE *out;
  48 static int   indent;
  49
  50 /** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
  51 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  52
  53 /** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
  54 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  55
  56 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  57 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  58
  59 void change_indent(int delta)
  60 {
  61         indent += delta;
  62         assert(indent >= 0);
  63 }
  64
  65 void print_indent(void)
  66 {
  67         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  68                 fputc('\t', out);
  69 }
  70
  71 /**
  72  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  73  * associativity, else 0.
  74  *
  75  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  76  */
  77 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  78 {
  79         switch (precedence) {
  80                 case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  81                 case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  82                 case PREC_UNARY:
  83                         return 1;
  84
  85                 default:
  86                         return 0;
  87         }
  88 }
  89
  90 /**
  91  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  92  *
  93  * @param kind   the expression kind
  94  */
  95 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  96 {
  97         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  98                 [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_INVALID]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 104                 [EXPR_CONST]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 107                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]          = PREC_UNARY,
 108                 [EXPR_CALL]                      = PREC_POSTFIX,
 109                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]               = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 110                 [EXPR_SELECT]                    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 111                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]              = PREC_POSTFIX,
 112                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 113                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]             = PREC_UNARY,
 114                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                   = PREC_UNARY,
 115
 116                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_VA_START]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 125
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]      = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]         = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]        = PREC_UNARY,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]   = PREC_POSTFIX,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]   = PREC_POSTFIX,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]       = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]        = PREC_UNARY,
 141                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]               = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 142
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]              = PREC_EQUALITY,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]           = PREC_EQUALITY,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]               = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]          = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]            = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]       = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]        = PREC_AND,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]         = PREC_OR,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]        = PREC_XOR,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]        = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]         = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]         = PREC_SHIFT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]             = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]              = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 173
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 179                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]        = PREC_PRIMARY
 180         };
 181         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 182         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 183
 184         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 185         return res;
 186 }
 187
 188 /**
 189  * Print a constant expression.
 190  *
 191  * @param cnst  the constant expression
 192  */
 193 static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 194 {
 195         if (cnst->base.type == NULL)
 196                 return;
 197
 198         const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
 199
 200         if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)) {
 201                 fputs(cnst->v.int_value ? "true" : "false", out);
 202         } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
 203                 fprintf(out, "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
 204         } else if (is_type_float(type)) {
 205                 long double const val = cnst->v.float_value;
 206 #ifdef _WIN32
 207                 /* ARG, no way to print long double */
 208                 fprintf(out, "%.20g", (double)val);
 209 #else
 210                 fprintf(out, "%.20Lg", val);
 211 #endif
 212                 if (isfinite(val) && truncl(val) == val)
 213                         fputs(".0", out);
 214         } else {
 215                 panic("unknown constant");
 216         }
 217
 218         char const* suffix;
 219         switch (type->atomic.akind) {
 220                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:        suffix = "U";   break;
 221                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:        suffix = "L";   break;
 222                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:       suffix = "UL";  break;
 223                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:    suffix = "LL";  break;
 224                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:   suffix = "ULL"; break;
 225                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:       suffix = "F";   break;
 226                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE: suffix = "L";   break;
 227
 228                 default: return;
 229         }
 230         fputs(suffix, out);
 231 }
 232
 233 /**
 234  * Print a quoted string constant.
 235  *
 236  * @param string  the string constant
 237  * @param border  the border char
 238  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 239  */
 240 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border, int skip)
 241 {
 242         fputc(border, out);
 243         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 244         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 245                 unsigned char const tc = *c;
 246                 if (tc == border) {
 247                         fputc('\\', out);
 248                 }
 249                 switch (tc) {
 250                 case '\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 251                 case '\a':  fputs("\\a", out); break;
 252                 case '\b':  fputs("\\b", out); break;
 253                 case '\f':  fputs("\\f", out); break;
 254                 case '\n':  fputs("\\n", out); break;
 255                 case '\r':  fputs("\\r", out); break;
 256                 case '\t':  fputs("\\t", out); break;
 257                 case '\v':  fputs("\\v", out); break;
 258                 case '\?':  fputs("\\?", out); break;
 259                 case 27:
 260                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 261                                 fputs("\\e", out); break;
 262                         }
 263                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 264                 default:
 265                         if (tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 266                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 267                         } else {
 268                                 fputc(tc, out);
 269                         }
 270                         break;
 271                 }
 272         }
 273         fputc(border, out);
 274 }
 275
 276 /**
 277  * Prints a wide string literal expression.
 278  *
 279  * @param wstr    the wide string literal expression
 280  * @param border  the border char
 281  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 282  */
 283 static void print_quoted_wide_string(const wide_string_t *const wstr,
 284                                      char border, int skip)
 285 {
 286         fputc('L', out);
 287         fputc(border, out);
 288         const wchar_rep_t *end = wstr->begin + wstr->size - skip;
 289         for (const wchar_rep_t *c = wstr->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 290                 switch (*c) {
 291                         case L'\"':  fputs("\\\"", out); break;
 292                         case L'\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 293                         case L'\a':  fputs("\\a",  out); break;
 294                         case L'\b':  fputs("\\b",  out); break;
 295                         case L'\f':  fputs("\\f",  out); break;
 296                         case L'\n':  fputs("\\n",  out); break;
 297                         case L'\r':  fputs("\\r",  out); break;
 298                         case L'\t':  fputs("\\t",  out); break;
 299                         case L'\v':  fputs("\\v",  out); break;
 300                         case L'\?':  fputs("\\?",  out); break;
 301                         case 27:
 302                                 if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 303                                         fputs("\\e", out); break;
 304                                 }
 305                                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 306                         default: {
 307                                 const unsigned tc = *c;
 308                                 if (tc < 0x80U) {
 309                                         if (isprint(*c)) {
 310                                                 fputc(*c, out);
 311                                         } else {
 312                                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", tc);
 313                                         }
 314                                 } else if (tc < 0x800) {
 315                                         fputc(0xC0 | (tc >> 6),   out);
 316                                         fputc(0x80 | (tc & 0x3F), out);
 317                                 } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
 318                                         fputc(0xE0 | ( tc >> 12),         out);
 319                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 320                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 321                                 } else {
 322                                         fputc(0xF0 | ( tc >> 18),         out);
 323                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F), out);
 324                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 325                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 326                                 }
 327                         }
 328                 }
 329         }
 330         fputc(border, out);
 331 }
 332
 333 /**
 334  * Print a constant character expression.
 335  *
 336  * @param cnst  the constant character expression
 337  */
 338 static void print_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 339 {
 340         print_quoted_string(&cnst->v.character, '\'', 0);
 341 }
 342
 343 static void print_wide_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 344 {
 345         print_quoted_wide_string(&cnst->v.wide_character, '\'', 0);
 346 }
 347
 348 /**
 349  * Prints a string literal expression.
 350  *
 351  * @param string_literal  the string literal expression
 352  */
 353 static void print_string_literal(
 354                 const string_literal_expression_t *string_literal)
 355 {
 356         print_quoted_string(&string_literal->value, '"', 1);
 357 }
 358
 359 /**
 360  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 361  */
 362 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 363 {
 364         const char *s = "";
 365         switch (funcname->kind) {
 366         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 367         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 368         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 369         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 370         }
 371         fputs(s, out);
 372 }
 373
 374 static void print_wide_string_literal(
 375         const wide_string_literal_expression_t *const wstr)
 376 {
 377         print_quoted_wide_string(&wstr->value, '"', 1);
 378 }
 379
 380 static void print_compound_literal(
 381                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 382 {
 383         fputc('(', out);
 384         print_type(expression->type);
 385         fputc(')', out);
 386         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 387 }
 388
 389 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 390 {
 391         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 392 }
 393
 394 /**
 395  * Prints a call expression.
 396  *
 397  * @param call  the call expression
 398  */
 399 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 400 {
 401         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(call->base.kind);
 402         print_expression_prec(call->function, prec);
 403         fputc('(', out);
 404         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 405         int              first    = 1;
 406         while (argument != NULL) {
 407                 if (!first) {
 408                         fputs(", ", out);
 409                 } else {
 410                         first = 0;
 411                 }
 412                 print_assignment_expression(argument->expression);
 413
 414                 argument = argument->next;
 415         }
 416         fputc(')', out);
 417 }
 418
 419 /**
 420  * Prints a binary expression.
 421  *
 422  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 423  */
 424 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 425 {
 426         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 427         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 428
 429         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 430         char const* op;
 431         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 432         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 433         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 434         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 435         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 436         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 437         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 438         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 439         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 440         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 441         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 442         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 443         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 444         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 445         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 446         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 447         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 448         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 449         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 450         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 451         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 452
 453         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 454         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 455         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 456         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 457         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 458         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 459         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 460         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 461         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 462         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 463         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 464         }
 465         fputs(op, out);
 466         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 467 }
 468
 469 /**
 470  * Prints an unary expression.
 471  *
 472  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 473  */
 474 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 475 {
 476         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 477         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 478         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           fputc('-',          out); break;
 479         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             fputc('+',          out); break;
 480         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              fputc('!',          out); break;
 481         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   fputc('~',          out); break;
 482         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: fputs("++",         out); break;
 483         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: fputs("--",         out); break;
 484         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      fputc('*',          out); break;
 485         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     fputc('&',          out); break;
 486         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           fputs("delete ",    out); break;
 487         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     fputs("delete [] ", out); break;
 488
 489         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 490                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 491                 fputs("++", out);
 492                 return;
 493         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 494                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 495                 fputs("--", out);
 496                 return;
 497         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
 498         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 499                 fputc('(', out);
 500                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 501                 fputc(')', out);
 502                 break;
 503         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 504                 fputs("__assume(", out);
 505                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 506                 fputc(')', out);
 507                 return;
 508
 509         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 510                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 511                         fputs("throw", out);
 512                         return;
 513                 }
 514                 fputs("throw ", out);
 515                 break;
 516
 517         default:
 518                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 519         }
 520         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 521 }
 522
 523 /**
 524  * Prints a reference expression.
 525  *
 526  * @param ref   the reference expression
 527  */
 528 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 529 {
 530         fputs(ref->entity->base.symbol->string, out);
 531 }
 532
 533 /**
 534  * Prints a label address expression.
 535  *
 536  * @param ref   the reference expression
 537  */
 538 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 539 {
 540         fprintf(out, "&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 541 }
 542
 543 /**
 544  * Prints an array expression.
 545  *
 546  * @param expression   the array expression
 547  */
 548 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 549 {
 550         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 551         if (!expression->flipped) {
 552                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, prec);
 553                 fputc('[', out);
 554                 print_expression(expression->index);
 555                 fputc(']', out);
 556         } else {
 557                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, prec);
 558                 fputc('[', out);
 559                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 560                 fputc(']', out);
 561         }
 562 }
 563
 564 /**
 565  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 566  *
 567  * @param expression   the type property expression
 568  */
 569 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 570 {
 571         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 572                 fputs("sizeof", out);
 573         } else {
 574                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 575                 fputs("__alignof__", out);
 576         }
 577         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 578                 /* always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 579                 fputc('(', out);
 580                 print_expression(expression->tp_expression);
 581                 fputc(')', out);
 582         } else {
 583                 fputc('(', out);
 584                 print_type(expression->type);
 585                 fputc(')', out);
 586         }
 587 }
 588
 589 /**
 590  * Prints an builtin symbol.
 591  *
 592  * @param expression   the builtin symbol expression
 593  */
 594 static void print_builtin_symbol(const builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression)
 595 {
 596         fputs(expression->symbol->string, out);
 597 }
 598
 599 /**
 600  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 601  *
 602  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 603  */
 604 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 605 {
 606         fputs("__builtin_constant_p(", out);
 607         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 608         fputc(')', out);
 609 }
 610
 611 /**
 612  * Prints a builtin prefetch expression.
 613  *
 614  * @param expression   the builtin prefetch expression
 615  */
 616 static void print_builtin_prefetch(const builtin_prefetch_expression_t *expression)
 617 {
 618         fputs("__builtin_prefetch(", out);
 619         print_assignment_expression(expression->adr);
 620         if (expression->rw) {
 621                 fputc(',', out);
 622                 print_assignment_expression(expression->rw);
 623         }
 624         if (expression->locality) {
 625                 fputc(',', out);
 626                 print_assignment_expression(expression->locality);
 627         }
 628         fputc(')', out);
 629 }
 630
 631 /**
 632  * Prints a conditional expression.
 633  *
 634  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 635  */
 636 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 637 {
 638         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 639         fputs(" ? ", out);
 640         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 641                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 642                 fputs(" : ", out);
 643         } else {
 644                 fputs(": ", out);
 645         }
 646         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 647         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 648 }
 649
 650 /**
 651  * Prints a va_start expression.
 652  *
 653  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 654  */
 655 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 656 {
 657         fputs("__builtin_va_start(", out);
 658         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 659         fputs(", ", out);
 660         fputs(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string, out);
 661         fputc(')', out);
 662 }
 663
 664 /**
 665  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 666  *
 667  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 668  */
 669 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 670 {
 671         fputs("__builtin_va_arg(", out);
 672         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 673         fputs(", ", out);
 674         print_type(expression->base.type);
 675         fputc(')', out);
 676 }
 677
 678 /**
 679  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 680  *
 681  * @param expression   the select expression
 682  */
 683 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 684 {
 685         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 686         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, prec);
 687         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 688                 fputs("->", out);
 689         } else {
 690                 fputc('.', out);
 691         }
 692         fputs(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string, out);
 693 }
 694
 695 /**
 696  * Prints a type classify expression.
 697  *
 698  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 699  */
 700 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 701         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 702 {
 703         fputs("__builtin_classify_type(", out);
 704         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 705         fputc(')', out);
 706 }
 707
 708 /**
 709  * Prints a designator.
 710  *
 711  * @param designator  the designator
 712  */
 713 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 714 {
 715         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 716                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 717                         fputc('[', out);
 718                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 719                         fputc(']', out);
 720                 } else {
 721                         fputc('.', out);
 722                         fputs(designator->symbol->string, out);
 723                 }
 724         }
 725 }
 726
 727 /**
 728  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 729  *
 730  * @param expression   the offset expression
 731  */
 732 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 733 {
 734         fputs("__builtin_offsetof", out);
 735         fputc('(', out);
 736         print_type(expression->type);
 737         fputc(',', out);
 738         print_designator(expression->designator);
 739         fputc(')', out);
 740 }
 741
 742 /**
 743  * Prints a statement expression.
 744  *
 745  * @param expression   the statement expression
 746  */
 747 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 748 {
 749         fputc('(', out);
 750         print_statement(expression->statement);
 751         fputc(')', out);
 752 }
 753
 754 /**
 755  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 756  *
 757  * @param expression  the expression to print
 758  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 759  */
 760 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 761 {
 762         if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT && !print_implicit_casts) {
 763                 expression = expression->unary.value;
 764         }
 765
 766         bool parenthesized =
 767                 expression->base.parenthesized                 ||
 768                 (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) ||
 769                 top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 770
 771         if (parenthesized)
 772                 fputc('(', out);
 773         switch (expression->kind) {
 774         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
 775         case EXPR_INVALID:
 776                 fputs("$invalid expression$", out);
 777                 break;
 778         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 779                 print_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 780                 break;
 781         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 782                 print_wide_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 783                 break;
 784         case EXPR_CONST:
 785                 print_const(&expression->conste);
 786                 break;
 787         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 788                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 789                 break;
 790         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 791                 print_string_literal(&expression->string);
 792                 break;
 793         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 794                 print_wide_string_literal(&expression->wide_string);
 795                 break;
 796         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 797                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 798                 break;
 799         case EXPR_CALL:
 800                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 801                 break;
 802         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 803                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 804                 break;
 805         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 806         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
 807                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 808                 break;
 809         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 810                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 811                 break;
 812         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
 813                 print_label_address_expression(&expression->label_address);
 814                 break;
 815         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 816                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 817                 break;
 818         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 819         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 820                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 821                 break;
 822         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
 823                 print_builtin_symbol(&expression->builtin_symbol);
 824                 break;
 825         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 826                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 827                 break;
 828         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
 829                 print_builtin_prefetch(&expression->builtin_prefetch);
 830                 break;
 831         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 832                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 833                 break;
 834         case EXPR_VA_START:
 835                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 836                 break;
 837         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 838                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 839                 break;
 840         case EXPR_SELECT:
 841                 print_select(&expression->select);
 842                 break;
 843         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 844                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 845                 break;
 846         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 847                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 848                 break;
 849         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 850                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 851                 break;
 852
 853         default:
 854                 /* TODO */
 855                 fprintf(out, "some expression of type %d", (int)expression->kind);
 856                 break;
 857         }
 858         if (parenthesized)
 859                 fputc(')', out);
 860 }
 861
 862 /**
 863  * Print an compound statement.
 864  *
 865  * @param block  the compound statement
 866  */
 867 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 868 {
 869         fputs("{\n", out);
 870         ++indent;
 871
 872         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 873         while (statement != NULL) {
 874                 if (statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL)
 875                         --indent;
 876                 if (statement->kind != STATEMENT_LABEL)
 877                         print_indent();
 878                 print_statement(statement);
 879
 880                 statement = statement->base.next;
 881         }
 882         --indent;
 883         print_indent();
 884         fputs(block->stmt_expr ? "}" : "}\n", out);
 885 }
 886
 887 /**
 888  * Print a return statement.
 889  *
 890  * @param statement  the return statement
 891  */
 892 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 893 {
 894         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 895         if (val != NULL) {
 896                 fputs("return ", out);
 897                 print_expression(val);
 898                 fputs(";\n", out);
 899         } else {
 900                 fputs("return;\n", out);
 901         }
 902 }
 903
 904 /**
 905  * Print an expression statement.
 906  *
 907  * @param statement  the expression statement
 908  */
 909 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 910 {
 911         print_expression(statement->expression);
 912         fputs(";\n", out);
 913 }
 914
 915 /**
 916  * Print a goto statement.
 917  *
 918  * @param statement  the goto statement
 919  */
 920 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 921 {
 922         fputs("goto ", out);
 923         if (statement->expression != NULL) {
 924                 fputc('*', out);
 925                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 926         } else {
 927                 fputs(statement->label->base.symbol->string, out);
 928         }
 929         fputs(";\n", out);
 930 }
 931
 932 /**
 933  * Print a label statement.
 934  *
 935  * @param statement  the label statement
 936  */
 937 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 938 {
 939         fprintf(out, "%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 940         print_indent();
 941         print_statement(statement->statement);
 942 }
 943
 944 /**
 945  * Print an if statement.
 946  *
 947  * @param statement  the if statement
 948  */
 949 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 950 {
 951         fputs("if (", out);
 952         print_expression(statement->condition);
 953         fputs(") ", out);
 954         print_statement(statement->true_statement);
 955
 956         if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
 957                 print_indent();
 958                 fputs("else ", out);
 959                 print_statement(statement->false_statement);
 960         }
 961 }
 962
 963 /**
 964  * Print a switch statement.
 965  *
 966  * @param statement  the switch statement
 967  */
 968 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 969 {
 970         fputs("switch (", out);
 971         print_expression(statement->expression);
 972         fputs(") ", out);
 973         print_statement(statement->body);
 974 }
 975
 976 /**
 977  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 978  *
 979  * @param statement  the case label statement
 980  */
 981 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 982 {
 983         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 984                 fputs("default:\n", out);
 985         } else {
 986                 fputs("case ", out);
 987                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 988                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 989                         fputs(" ... ", out);
 990                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 991                 }
 992                 fputs(":\n", out);
 993         }
 994         ++indent;
 995         if (statement->statement != NULL) {
 996                 if (statement->statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL) {
 997                         --indent;
 998                 }
 999                 print_indent();
1000                 print_statement(statement->statement);
1001         }
1002 }
1003
1004 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
1005 {
1006         fputs("typedef ", out);
1007         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
1008         fputc(';', out);
1009 }
1010
1011 /**
1012  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
1013  * correspondenc in the source file
1014  */
1015 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1016 {
1017         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
1018                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
1019
1020         if (is_declaration(entity))
1021                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
1022
1023         return false;
1024 }
1025
1026 /**
1027  * Print a declaration statement.
1028  *
1029  * @param statement   the statement
1030  */
1031 static void print_declaration_statement(
1032                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
1033 {
1034         bool first = true;
1035         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
1036         if (entity == NULL) {
1037                 fputs("/* empty declaration statement */\n", out);
1038                 return;
1039         }
1040
1041         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
1042         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
1043                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1044                         continue;
1045                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1046                         continue;
1047
1048                 if (!first) {
1049                         print_indent();
1050                 } else {
1051                         first = false;
1052                 }
1053
1054                 print_entity(entity);
1055                 fputc('\n', out);
1056         }
1057 }
1058
1059 /**
1060  * Print a while statement.
1061  *
1062  * @param statement   the statement
1063  */
1064 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
1065 {
1066         fputs("while (", out);
1067         print_expression(statement->condition);
1068         fputs(") ", out);
1069         print_statement(statement->body);
1070 }
1071
1072 /**
1073  * Print a do-while statement.
1074  *
1075  * @param statement   the statement
1076  */
1077 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
1078 {
1079         fputs("do ", out);
1080         print_statement(statement->body);
1081         print_indent();
1082         fputs("while (", out);
1083         print_expression(statement->condition);
1084         fputs(");\n", out);
1085 }
1086
1087 /**
1088  * Print a for statement.
1089  *
1090  * @param statement   the statement
1091  */
1092 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1093 {
1094         fputs("for (", out);
1095         entity_t *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1096         while (entity != NULL && is_generated_entity(entity))
1097                 entity = entity->base.next;
1098
1099         if (entity != NULL) {
1100                 assert(statement->initialisation == NULL);
1101                 assert(is_declaration(entity));
1102                 print_declaration(entity);
1103                 if (entity->base.next != NULL) {
1104                         panic("multiple declarations in for statement not supported yet");
1105                 }
1106         } else {
1107                 if (statement->initialisation) {
1108                         print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1109                 }
1110                 fputc(';', out);
1111         }
1112         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1113                 fputc(' ', out);
1114                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1115         }
1116         fputc(';', out);
1117         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1118                 fputc(' ', out);
1119                 print_expression(statement->step);
1120         }
1121         fputs(") ", out);
1122         print_statement(statement->body);
1123 }
1124
1125 /**
1126  * Print assembler arguments.
1127  *
1128  * @param arguments   the arguments
1129  */
1130 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1131 {
1132         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1133         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1134                 if (argument != arguments)
1135                         fputs(", ", out);
1136
1137                 if (argument->symbol) {
1138                         fprintf(out, "[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1139                 }
1140                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1141                 fputs(" (", out);
1142                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1143                 fputc(')', out);
1144         }
1145 }
1146
1147 /**
1148  * Print assembler clobbers.
1149  *
1150  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1151  */
1152 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1153 {
1154         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1155         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1156                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1157                         fputs(", ", out);
1158
1159                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1160         }
1161 }
1162
1163 /**
1164  * Print an assembler statement.
1165  *
1166  * @param statement   the statement
1167  */
1168 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1169 {
1170         fputs("asm ", out);
1171         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1172                 fputs("volatile ", out);
1173         }
1174         fputc('(', out);
1175         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1176         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1177             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1178             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1179                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1180
1181         fputs(" : ", out);
1182         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1183         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1184                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1185
1186         fputs(" : ", out);
1187         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1188         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1189                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1190
1191         fputs(" : ", out);
1192         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1193
1194 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1195         fputs(");\n", out);
1196 }
1197
1198 /**
1199  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1200  *
1201  * @param statement   the statement
1202  */
1203 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1204 {
1205         fputs("__try ", out);
1206         print_statement(statement->try_statement);
1207         print_indent();
1208         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1209                 fputs("__except(", out);
1210                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1211                 fputs(") ", out);
1212         } else {
1213                 fputs("__finally ", out);
1214         }
1215         print_statement(statement->final_statement);
1216 }
1217
1218 /**
1219  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1220  *
1221  * @param statement   the statement
1222  */
1223 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1224 {
1225         (void)statement;
1226         fputs("__leave;\n", out);
1227 }
1228
1229 /**
1230  * Print a statement.
1231  *
1232  * @param statement   the statement
1233  */
1234 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1235 {
1236         switch (statement->kind) {
1237         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1238                 fputs(";\n", out);
1239                 break;
1240         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1241                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1242                 break;
1243         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1244                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1245                 break;
1246         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1247                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1248                 break;
1249         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1250                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1251                 break;
1252         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1253                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1254                 break;
1255         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1256                 fputs("continue;\n", out);
1257                 break;
1258         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1259                 fputs("break;\n", out);
1260                 break;
1261         case STATEMENT_IF:
1262                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1263                 break;
1264         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1265                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1266                 break;
1267         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1268                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1269                 break;
1270         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1271                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1272                 break;
1273         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1274                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1275                 break;
1276         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1277                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1278                 break;
1279         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1280                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1281                 break;
1282         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1283                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1284                 break;
1285         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1286                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1287                 break;
1288         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1289                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1290                 break;
1291         case STATEMENT_INVALID:
1292                 fputs("$invalid statement$\n", out);
1293                 break;
1294         }
1295 }
1296
1297 /**
1298  * Print a storage class.
1299  *
1300  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1301  */
1302 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1303 {
1304         switch (storage_class) {
1305         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1306         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  fputs("typedef ",  out); return;
1307         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   fputs("extern ",   out); return;
1308         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   fputs("static ",   out); return;
1309         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     fputs("auto ",     out); return;
1310         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: fputs("register ", out); return;
1311         }
1312         panic("invalid storage class");
1313 }
1314
1315 /**
1316  * Print an initializer.
1317  *
1318  * @param initializer  the initializer
1319  */
1320 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1321 {
1322         if (initializer == NULL) {
1323                 fputs("{}", out);
1324                 return;
1325         }
1326
1327         switch (initializer->kind) {
1328         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1329                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1330                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1331                 return;
1332         }
1333         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1334                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1335                 fputs("{ ", out);
1336                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1337
1338                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1339                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1340                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1341                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1342                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1343                                         fputs(", ", out);
1344                         }
1345                 }
1346                 fputs(" }", out);
1347                 return;
1348         }
1349         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1350                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1351                 return;
1352         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1353                 print_quoted_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string.string, '"', 1);
1354                 return;
1355         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1356                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1357                 fputs(" = ", out);
1358                 return;
1359         }
1360
1361         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1362 }
1363
1364 /**
1365  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1366  */
1367 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1368 {
1369         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1370                 return;
1371
1372         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1373
1374         bool        ds_shown = false;
1375         const char *next     = "(";
1376
1377         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1378                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1379                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1380                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1381                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1382                         if (!ds_shown) {
1383                                 fputs("__declspec", out);
1384                                 ds_shown = true;
1385                         }
1386
1387                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1388                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fprintf(out, "align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1389                         }
1390                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1391                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1392                                 char *comma = "";
1393                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("property(", out);
1394                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1395                                         fprintf(out, "get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1396                                         comma = ", ";
1397                                 }
1398                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1399                                         fprintf(out, "%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1400                                 fputc(')', out);
1401                         }
1402                 }
1403         }
1404
1405         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1406         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1407                 if (!ds_shown) {
1408                         fputs("__declspec", out);
1409                         ds_shown = true;
1410                 }
1411                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1412                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllimport", out);
1413                 }
1414                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1415                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllexport", out);
1416                 }
1417                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1418                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1419                 }
1420                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1421                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("naked", out);
1422                 }
1423                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1424                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1425                 }
1426                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1427                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("selectany", out);
1428                 }
1429                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1430                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("nothrow", out);
1431                 }
1432                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1433                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noreturn", out);
1434                 }
1435                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1436                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noinline", out);
1437                 }
1438                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1439                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("deprecated", out);
1440                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1441                                 fprintf(out, "(\"%s\")",
1442                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1443                 }
1444                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1445                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("restrict", out);
1446                 }
1447                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1448                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noalias", out);
1449                 }
1450         }
1451
1452         if (ds_shown)
1453                 fputs(") ", out);
1454 }
1455
1456 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1457 {
1458         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1459         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1460                 print_indent();
1461                 print_entity(entity);
1462                 fputs("\n", out);
1463         }
1464 }
1465
1466 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1467 {
1468         fputs("namespace ", out);
1469         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1470                 fputs(namespace->base.symbol->string, out);
1471                 fputc(' ', out);
1472         }
1473
1474         fputs("{\n", out);
1475         ++indent;
1476
1477         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1478
1479         --indent;
1480         print_indent();
1481         fputs("}\n", out);
1482 }
1483
1484 /**
1485  * Print a variable or function declaration
1486  */
1487 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1488 {
1489         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1490         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1491
1492         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1493         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1494                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1495                 if (function->is_inline) {
1496                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1497                                 fputs("__forceinline ", out);
1498                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1499                                 fputs("__inline ", out);
1500                         } else {
1501                                 fputs("inline ", out);
1502                         }
1503                 }
1504         }
1505         print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1506         switch (entity->kind) {
1507                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1508                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1509                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1510
1511                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1512                                 fputc('\n', out);
1513                                 print_indent();
1514                                 print_statement(entity->function.statement);
1515                                 return;
1516                         }
1517                         break;
1518
1519                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1520                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1521                                 fputs("__thread ", out);
1522                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1523                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1524                                 fputs(" = ", out);
1525                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1526                         }
1527                         break;
1528
1529                 default:
1530                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1531                         break;
1532         }
1533         fputc(';', out);
1534 }
1535
1536 /**
1537  * Prints an expression.
1538  *
1539  * @param expression  the expression
1540  */
1541 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1542 {
1543         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1544 }
1545
1546 /**
1547  * Print a declaration.
1548  *
1549  * @param declaration  the declaration
1550  */
1551 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1552 {
1553         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1554                 return;
1555
1556         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1557         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1558         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1559         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1560                 print_declaration(entity);
1561                 return;
1562         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1563                 print_declaration(entity);
1564                 return;
1565         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1566                 print_typedef(entity);
1567                 return;
1568         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1569                 fputs("struct ", out);
1570                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1571                 if (entity->structe.complete) {
1572                         fputc(' ', out);
1573                         print_compound_definition(&entity->structe);
1574                 }
1575                 fputc(';', out);
1576                 return;
1577         case ENTITY_UNION:
1578                 fputs("union ", out);
1579                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1580                 if (entity->unione.complete) {
1581                         fputc(' ', out);
1582                         print_compound_definition(&entity->unione);
1583                 }
1584                 fputc(';', out);
1585                 return;
1586         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1587                 fputs("enum ", out);
1588                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1589                 fputc(' ', out);
1590                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1591                 fputc(';', out);
1592                 return;
1593         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1594                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1595                 return;
1596         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1597                 fprintf(out, "__label__ %s;", entity->base.symbol->string);
1598                 return;
1599         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1600         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1601                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1602         case ENTITY_INVALID:
1603                 break;
1604         }
1605         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1606 }
1607
1608 /**
1609  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1610  *
1611  * @param unit   the translation unit
1612  */
1613 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1614 {
1615         inc_type_visited();
1616
1617         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1618         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1619                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1620                         continue;
1621                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1622                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1623                         continue;
1624                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1625                         continue;
1626
1627                 print_indent();
1628                 print_entity(entity);
1629                 fputc('\n', out);
1630         }
1631 }
1632
1633 bool is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1634 {
1635         switch (initializer->kind) {
1636         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1637         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1638         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1639                 return true;
1640
1641         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1642                 return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
1643
1644         case INITIALIZER_LIST:
1645                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1646                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1647                         if (!is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer))
1648                                 return false;
1649                 }
1650                 return true;
1651         }
1652         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1653 }
1654
1655 static bool is_object_with_linker_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1656 {
1657         switch (expression->kind) {
1658         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1659                 return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1660
1661         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1662                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1663                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1664                         /* it's a -> */
1665                         return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
1666                 } else {
1667                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1668                 }
1669         }
1670
1671         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1672                 return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index)
1673                         && is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1674
1675         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1676                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1677                 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
1678                         switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1679                         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1680                         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1681                         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1682                                 return
1683                                         entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1684                                         !entity->variable.thread_local;
1685
1686                         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1687                         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1688                         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1689                                 break;
1690                         }
1691                 }
1692                 return false;
1693         }
1694
1695         default:
1696                 return false;
1697         }
1698 }
1699
1700 bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1701 {
1702         switch (expression->kind) {
1703         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1704                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1705
1706         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1707                 type_t *real_type
1708                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1709                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1710                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1711                         return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1712                 }
1713                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1714         }
1715
1716         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1717                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1718                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1719                         dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1720                         !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1721                         get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_atomic_type_size(get_intptr_kind())
1722                     ))
1723                         return false;
1724
1725                 return (is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value)
1726                         || is_address_constant(expression->unary.value));
1727         }
1728
1729         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1730         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1731                 expression_t *left  = expression->binary.left;
1732                 expression_t *right = expression->binary.right;
1733
1734                 if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(left->base.type))) {
1735                         return is_address_constant(left) && is_constant_expression(right);
1736                 } else if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(right->base.type))) {
1737                         return is_constant_expression(left)     && is_address_constant(right);
1738                 }
1739
1740                 return false;
1741         }
1742
1743         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1744                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1745                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1746                         return false;
1747
1748                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1749                 if (is_type_function(type))
1750                         return true;
1751                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1752                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1753                 }
1754                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1755                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1756                         return true;
1757                 return false;
1758         }
1759
1760         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1761                 type_t *const type =
1762                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1763                 return
1764                         is_type_array(type)                                    &&
1765                         is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index) &&
1766                         is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1767         }
1768
1769         default:
1770                 return false;
1771         }
1772 }
1773
1774 static bool is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1775 {
1776         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1777         if (function->kind != EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL) {
1778                 return false;
1779         }
1780
1781         symbol_t *symbol = function->builtin_symbol.symbol;
1782
1783         switch (symbol->ID) {
1784         case T___builtin_huge_val:
1785         case T___builtin_inf:
1786         case T___builtin_inff:
1787         case T___builtin_infl:
1788         case T___builtin_nan:
1789         case T___builtin_nanf:
1790         case T___builtin_nanl:
1791                 return true;
1792         }
1793
1794         return false;
1795 }
1796
1797 static bool is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1798 {
1799         if (is_constant_expression(expression))
1800                 return true;
1801
1802         switch (expression->kind) {
1803         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1804                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1805         default:
1806                 return false;
1807         }
1808 }
1809
1810 static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1811 {
1812         switch (expression->kind) {
1813         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1814                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1815                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1816                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1817                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1818                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1819                 } else {
1820                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1821                 }
1822         }
1823
1824         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1825                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1826                         &expression->array_access;
1827                 return
1828                         is_constant_expression(array_access->index) && (
1829                                 is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref) ||
1830                                 is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref)
1831                         );
1832         }
1833
1834         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1835                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1836         default:
1837                 return false;
1838         }
1839 }
1840
1841 bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1842 {
1843         switch (expression->kind) {
1844
1845         case EXPR_CONST:
1846         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1847         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1848         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1849         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1850         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1851         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1852         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1853         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1854         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1855         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1856         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
1857                 return true;
1858
1859         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1860                 type_t *type = expression->typeprop.type;
1861                 if (type == NULL)
1862                         type = expression->typeprop.tp_expression->base.type;
1863
1864                 type = skip_typeref(type);
1865                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1866                         return false;
1867                 return true;
1868         }
1869
1870         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
1871         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
1872         case EXPR_SELECT:
1873         case EXPR_VA_START:
1874         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1875         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1876         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
1877         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1878         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1879         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1880         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1881         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1882         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1883         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1884         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1885         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1886         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1887         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1888         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1889         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1890         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1891         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1892         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1893         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1894         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1895         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1896         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1897         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1898         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1899                 return false;
1900
1901         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1902                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1903
1904         case EXPR_CALL:
1905                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1906
1907         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1908         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1909         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1910         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1911                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1912
1913         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1914         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
1915                 return is_type_arithmetic(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
1916                         && is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1917
1918         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1919         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1920         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1921         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1922         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1923         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1924         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1925         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1926         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1927         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1928         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1929         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1930         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1931         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1932         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1933         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1934         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1935         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1936         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1937         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1938         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1939         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1940                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left)
1941                         && is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1942
1943         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1944                 expression_t const *const left = expression->binary.left;
1945                 if (!is_constant_expression(left))
1946                         return false;
1947                 if (fold_constant(left) == 0)
1948                         return true;
1949                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1950         }
1951
1952         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1953                 expression_t const *const left = expression->binary.left;
1954                 if (!is_constant_expression(left))
1955                         return false;
1956                 if (fold_constant(left) != 0)
1957                         return true;
1958                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1959         }
1960
1961         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1962                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1963
1964         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1965                 expression_t *condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1966                 if (!is_constant_expression(condition))
1967                         return false;
1968
1969                 long val = fold_constant(condition);
1970                 if (val != 0)
1971                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.true_expression);
1972                 else
1973                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1974         }
1975
1976         case EXPR_INVALID:
1977                 return true;
1978
1979         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
1980                 break;
1981         }
1982         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1983 }
1984
1985 /**
1986  * Initialize the AST construction.
1987  */
1988 void init_ast(void)
1989 {
1990         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1991 }
1992
1993 /**
1994  * Free the AST.
1995  */
1996 void exit_ast(void)
1997 {
1998         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1999 }
2000
2001 /**
2002  * Set the output stream for the AST printer.
2003  *
2004  * @param stream  the output stream
2005  */
2006 void ast_set_output(FILE *stream)
2007 {
2008         out = stream;
2009         type_set_output(stream);
2010 }
2011
2012 /**
2013  * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
2014  *
2015  * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
2016  *
2017  * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
2018  */
2019 void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
2020 {
2021         return _allocate_ast(size);
2022 }