nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27
  28 #include <assert.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <ctype.h>
  32
  33 #include "adt/error.h"
  34
  35 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  36
  37 static FILE *out;
  38 static int   indent;
  39
  40 /** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
  41 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  42
  43 /** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
  44 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  45
  46 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  47 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  48
  49 void change_indent(int delta)
  50 {
  51         indent += delta;
  52         assert(indent >= 0);
  53 }
  54
  55 void print_indent(void)
  56 {
  57         for(int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  58                 fprintf(out, "\t");
  59 }
  60
  61 enum precedence_t {
  62         PREC_BOTTOM  =  0,
  63         PREC_COMMA   =  2, /* ,                                    left to right */
  64         PREC_ASSIGN  =  4, /* = += -= *= /= %= <<= >>= &= ^= |=    right to left */
  65         PREC_COND    =  6, /* ?:                                   right to left */
  66         PREC_LOG_OR  =  8, /* ||                                   left to right */
  67         PREC_LOG_AND = 10, /* &&                                   left to right */
  68         PREC_BIT_OR  = 12, /* |                                    left to right */
  69         PREC_BIT_XOR = 14, /* ^                                    left to right */
  70         PREC_BIT_AND = 16, /* &                                    left to right */
  71         PREC_EQ      = 18, /* == !=                                left to right */
  72         PREC_CMP     = 20, /* < <= > >=                            left to right */
  73         PREC_SHF     = 22, /* << >>                                left to right */
  74         PREC_PLUS    = 24, /* + -                                  left to right */
  75         PREC_MUL     = 26, /* * / %                                left to right */
  76         PREC_UNARY   = 28, /* ! ~ ++ -- + - (type) * & sizeof      right to left */
  77         PREC_ACCESS  = 30, /* () [] -> .                           left to right */
  78         PREC_PRIM    = 32, /* primary */
  79         PREC_TOP     = 34
  80 };
  81
  82 /**
  83  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  84  * associativity, else -1.
  85  *
  86  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  87  */
  88 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence) {
  89         return (precedence == PREC_ASSIGN || precedence == PREC_COND ||
  90                 precedence == PREC_UNARY) ? 1 : -1;
  91 }
  92
  93 /**
  94  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  95  *
  96  * @param kind   the expression kind
  97  */
  98 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  99 {
 100         static const unsigned prec[] = {
 101                 [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                   = PREC_PRIM,
 102                 [EXPR_INVALID]                   = PREC_PRIM,
 103                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                 = PREC_PRIM,
 104                 [EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]        = PREC_PRIM,
 105                 [EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]   = PREC_PRIM,
 106                 [EXPR_CONST]                     = PREC_PRIM,
 107                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]            = PREC_PRIM,
 108                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]       = PREC_PRIM,
 109                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]          = PREC_UNARY,
 110                 [EXPR_CALL]                      = PREC_PRIM,
 111                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]               = PREC_COND,
 112                 [EXPR_SELECT]                    = PREC_ACCESS,
 113                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]              = PREC_ACCESS,
 114                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 115                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]             = PREC_UNARY,
 116                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                   = PREC_UNARY,
 117
 118                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                  = PREC_PRIM,
 119                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL]            = PREC_PRIM,
 120                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]        = PREC_PRIM,
 121                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH]          = PREC_PRIM,
 122                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                  = PREC_PRIM,
 123                 [EXPR_VA_START]                  = PREC_PRIM,
 124                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                    = PREC_PRIM,
 125                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                 = PREC_ACCESS,
 126
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]      = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]         = PREC_UNARY,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]        = PREC_UNARY,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]   = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]   = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]       = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]              = PREC_PRIM,
 140
 141                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                = PREC_PLUS,
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                = PREC_PLUS,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                = PREC_MUL,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                = PREC_MUL,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                = PREC_MUL,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]              = PREC_EQ,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]           = PREC_EQ,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]               = PREC_CMP,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]          = PREC_CMP,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]            = PREC_CMP,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]       = PREC_CMP,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]        = PREC_BIT_AND,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]         = PREC_BIT_OR,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]        = PREC_BIT_XOR,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]        = PREC_LOG_AND,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]         = PREC_LOG_OR,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]          = PREC_SHF,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]         = PREC_SHF,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]             = PREC_ASSIGN,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGN,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGN,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGN,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGN,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGN,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGN,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGN,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGN,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN] = PREC_ASSIGN,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGN,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]              = PREC_COMMA,
 171
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT]     = PREC_PRIM,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]          = PREC_PRIM,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]     = PREC_PRIM,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]             = PREC_PRIM,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]        = PREC_PRIM,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]      = PREC_PRIM,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]        = PREC_PRIM
 179         };
 180         assert((unsigned)kind < (sizeof(prec)/sizeof(prec[0])));
 181         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 182
 183         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 184         return res;
 185 }
 186
 187 /**
 188  * Print a constant expression.
 189  *
 190  * @param cnst  the constant expression
 191  */
 192 static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 193 {
 194         if(cnst->base.type == NULL)
 195                 return;
 196
 197         const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
 198
 199         if (is_type_integer(type)) {
 200                 fprintf(out, "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
 201         } else if (is_type_float(type)) {
 202                 fprintf(out, "%Lf", cnst->v.float_value);
 203         } else {
 204                 panic("unknown constant");
 205         }
 206 }
 207
 208 /**
 209  * Print a quoted string constant.
 210  *
 211  * @param string  the string constant
 212  * @param border  the border char
 213  */
 214 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border)
 215 {
 216         fputc(border, out);
 217         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - 1;
 218         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 219                 if (*c == border) {
 220                         fputc('\\', out);
 221                 }
 222                 switch(*c) {
 223                 case '\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 224                 case '\a':  fputs("\\a", out); break;
 225                 case '\b':  fputs("\\b", out); break;
 226                 case '\f':  fputs("\\f", out); break;
 227                 case '\n':  fputs("\\n", out); break;
 228                 case '\r':  fputs("\\r", out); break;
 229                 case '\t':  fputs("\\t", out); break;
 230                 case '\v':  fputs("\\v", out); break;
 231                 case '\?':  fputs("\\?", out); break;
 232                 default:
 233                         if(!isprint(*c)) {
 234                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", *c);
 235                                 break;
 236                         }
 237                         fputc(*c, out);
 238                         break;
 239                 }
 240         }
 241         fputc(border, out);
 242 }
 243
 244 /**
 245  * Prints a wide string literal expression.
 246  *
 247  * @param wstr  the wide string literal expression
 248  */
 249 static void print_quoted_wide_string(const wide_string_t *const wstr,
 250                                      char border)
 251 {
 252         fputc('L', out);
 253         fputc(border, out);
 254         for (const wchar_rep_t *c = wstr->begin, *end = wstr->begin + wstr->size-1;
 255              c != end; ++c) {
 256                 switch (*c) {
 257                         case L'\"':  fputs("\\\"", out); break;
 258                         case L'\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 259                         case L'\a':  fputs("\\a",  out); break;
 260                         case L'\b':  fputs("\\b",  out); break;
 261                         case L'\f':  fputs("\\f",  out); break;
 262                         case L'\n':  fputs("\\n",  out); break;
 263                         case L'\r':  fputs("\\r",  out); break;
 264                         case L'\t':  fputs("\\t",  out); break;
 265                         case L'\v':  fputs("\\v",  out); break;
 266                         case L'\?':  fputs("\\?",  out); break;
 267                         default: {
 268                                 const unsigned tc = *c;
 269                                 if (tc < 0x80U) {
 270                                         if (!isprint(*c))  {
 271                                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", (char)*c);
 272                                         } else {
 273                                                 fputc(*c, out);
 274                                         }
 275                                 } else if (tc < 0x800) {
 276                                         fputc(0xC0 | (tc >> 6),   out);
 277                                         fputc(0x80 | (tc & 0x3F), out);
 278                                 } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
 279                                         fputc(0xE0 | ( tc >> 12),         out);
 280                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 281                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 282                                 } else {
 283                                         fputc(0xF0 | ( tc >> 18),         out);
 284                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F), out);
 285                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 286                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 287                                 }
 288                         }
 289                 }
 290         }
 291         fputc(border, out);
 292 }
 293
 294 /**
 295  * Print a constant character expression.
 296  *
 297  * @param cnst  the constant character expression
 298  */
 299 static void print_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 300 {
 301         print_quoted_string(&cnst->v.character, '\'');
 302 }
 303
 304 static void print_wide_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 305 {
 306         print_quoted_wide_string(&cnst->v.wide_character, '\'');
 307 }
 308
 309 /**
 310  * Prints a string literal expression.
 311  *
 312  * @param string_literal  the string literal expression
 313  */
 314 static void print_string_literal(
 315                 const string_literal_expression_t *string_literal)
 316 {
 317         print_quoted_string(&string_literal->value, '"');
 318 }
 319
 320 /**
 321  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 322  */
 323 static void print_funcname(
 324                 const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 325 {
 326         const char *s = "";
 327         switch(funcname->kind) {
 328         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 329         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 330         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 331         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 332         }
 333         fputc('"', out);
 334         fputs(s, out);
 335         fputc('"', out);
 336 }
 337
 338 static void print_wide_string_literal(
 339         const wide_string_literal_expression_t *const wstr)
 340 {
 341         print_quoted_wide_string(&wstr->value, '"');
 342 }
 343
 344 static void print_compound_literal(
 345                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 346 {
 347         fputc('(', out);
 348         print_type(expression->type);
 349         fputs(") ", out);
 350         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 351 }
 352
 353 /**
 354  * Prints a call expression.
 355  *
 356  * @param call  the call expression
 357  */
 358 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 359 {
 360         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(call->base.kind);
 361         print_expression_prec(call->function, prec);
 362         fprintf(out, "(");
 363         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 364         int              first    = 1;
 365         while(argument != NULL) {
 366                 if(!first) {
 367                         fprintf(out, ", ");
 368                 } else {
 369                         first = 0;
 370                 }
 371                 print_expression_prec(argument->expression, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 372
 373                 argument = argument->next;
 374         }
 375         fprintf(out, ")");
 376 }
 377
 378 /**
 379  * Prints a binary expression.
 380  *
 381  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 382  */
 383 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 384 {
 385         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 386         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 387
 388         if(binexpr->base.kind == EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT) {
 389                 fputs("__builtin_expect(", out);
 390                 print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec);
 391                 fputs(", ", out);
 392                 print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec);
 393                 fputc(')', out);
 394                 return;
 395         }
 396
 397         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 398         if (binexpr->base.kind != EXPR_BINARY_COMMA) {
 399                 fputc(' ', out);
 400         }
 401         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 402         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              fputs(",", out);     break;
 403         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             fputs("=", out);     break;
 404         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                fputs("+", out);     break;
 405         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                fputs("-", out);     break;
 406         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                fputs("*", out);     break;
 407         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                fputs("%", out);     break;
 408         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                fputs("/", out);     break;
 409         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         fputs("|", out);     break;
 410         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        fputs("&", out);     break;
 411         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        fputs("^", out);     break;
 412         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         fputs("||", out);    break;
 413         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        fputs("&&", out);    break;
 414         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           fputs("!=", out);    break;
 415         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              fputs("==", out);    break;
 416         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               fputs("<", out);     break;
 417         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          fputs("<=", out);    break;
 418         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            fputs(">", out);     break;
 419         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       fputs(">=", out);    break;
 420         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          fputs("<<", out);    break;
 421         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         fputs(">>", out);    break;
 422
 423         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         fputs("+=", out);    break;
 424         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         fputs("-=", out);    break;
 425         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         fputs("*=", out);    break;
 426         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         fputs("%=", out);    break;
 427         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         fputs("/=", out);    break;
 428         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  fputs("|=", out);    break;
 429         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: fputs("&=", out);    break;
 430         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: fputs("^=", out);    break;
 431         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   fputs("<<=", out);   break;
 432         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  fputs(">>=", out);   break;
 433         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 434         }
 435         fputc(' ', out);
 436         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec - r2l);
 437 }
 438
 439 /**
 440  * Prints an unary expression.
 441  *
 442  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 443  */
 444 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 445 {
 446         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 447         switch(unexpr->base.kind) {
 448         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           fputs("-", out);  break;
 449         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             fputs("+", out);  break;
 450         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              fputs("!", out);  break;
 451         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   fputs("~", out);  break;
 452         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: fputs("++", out); break;
 453         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: fputs("--", out); break;
 454         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      fputs("*", out);  break;
 455         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     fputs("&", out);  break;
 456
 457         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 458                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 459                 fputs("++", out);
 460                 return;
 461         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 462                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 463                 fputs("--", out);
 464                 return;
 465         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
 466                 if(!print_implicit_casts) {
 467                         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 468                         return;
 469                 }
 470                 /* fallthrough */
 471         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 472                 fputc('(', out);
 473                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 474                 fputc(')', out);
 475                 break;
 476         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 477                 fputs("__assume(", out);
 478                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 479                 fputc(')', out);
 480                 return;
 481         default:
 482                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 483         }
 484         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 485 }
 486
 487 /**
 488  * Prints a reference expression.
 489  *
 490  * @param ref   the reference expression
 491  */
 492 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 493 {
 494         fprintf(out, "%s", ref->declaration->symbol->string);
 495 }
 496
 497 /**
 498  * Prints an array expression.
 499  *
 500  * @param expression   the array expression
 501  */
 502 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 503 {
 504         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 505         if(!expression->flipped) {
 506                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, prec);
 507                 fputc('[', out);
 508                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, prec);
 509                 fputc(']', out);
 510         } else {
 511                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, prec);
 512                 fputc('[', out);
 513                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, prec);
 514                 fputc(']', out);
 515         }
 516 }
 517
 518 /**
 519  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 520  *
 521  * @param expression   the type property expression
 522  */
 523 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 524 {
 525         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 526                 fputs("sizeof", out);
 527         } else {
 528                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 529                 fputs("__alignof__", out);
 530         }
 531         if(expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 532                 /* always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 533                 fputc('(', out);
 534                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_ACCESS);
 535                 fputc(')', out);
 536         } else {
 537                 fputc('(', out);
 538                 print_type(expression->type);
 539                 fputc(')', out);
 540         }
 541 }
 542
 543 /**
 544  * Prints an builtin symbol.
 545  *
 546  * @param expression   the builtin symbol expression
 547  */
 548 static void print_builtin_symbol(const builtin_symbol_expression_t *expression)
 549 {
 550         fputs(expression->symbol->string, out);
 551 }
 552
 553 /**
 554  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 555  *
 556  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 557  */
 558 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 559 {
 560         fputs("__builtin_constant_p(", out);
 561         print_expression_prec(expression->value, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 562         fputc(')', out);
 563 }
 564
 565 /**
 566  * Prints a builtin prefetch expression.
 567  *
 568  * @param expression   the builtin prefetch expression
 569  */
 570 static void print_builtin_prefetch(const builtin_prefetch_expression_t *expression)
 571 {
 572         fputs("__builtin_prefetch(", out);
 573         print_expression_prec(expression->adr, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 574         if (expression->rw) {
 575                 fputc(',', out);
 576                 print_expression_prec(expression->rw, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 577         }
 578         if (expression->locality) {
 579                 fputc(',', out);
 580                 print_expression_prec(expression->locality, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 581         }
 582         fputc(')', out);
 583 }
 584
 585 /**
 586  * Prints a conditional expression.
 587  *
 588  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 589  */
 590 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 591 {
 592         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 593         fputs("(", out);
 594         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, prec);
 595         fputs(" ? ", out);
 596         print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, prec);
 597         fputs(" : ", out);
 598         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 599         fputs(")", out);
 600 }
 601
 602 /**
 603  * Prints a va_start expression.
 604  *
 605  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 606  */
 607 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 608 {
 609         fputs("__builtin_va_start(", out);
 610         print_expression_prec(expression->ap, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 611         fputs(", ", out);
 612         fputs(expression->parameter->symbol->string, out);
 613         fputs(")", out);
 614 }
 615
 616 /**
 617  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 618  *
 619  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 620  */
 621 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 622 {
 623         fputs("__builtin_va_arg(", out);
 624         print_expression_prec(expression->ap, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 625         fputs(", ", out);
 626         print_type(expression->base.type);
 627         fputs(")", out);
 628 }
 629
 630 /**
 631  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 632  *
 633  * @param expression   the select expression
 634  */
 635 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 636 {
 637         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 638         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, prec);
 639         if(is_type_pointer(expression->compound->base.type)) {
 640                 fputs("->", out);
 641         } else {
 642                 fputc('.', out);
 643         }
 644         fputs(expression->symbol->string, out);
 645 }
 646
 647 /**
 648  * Prints a type classify expression.
 649  *
 650  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 651  */
 652 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 653         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 654 {
 655         fputs("__builtin_classify_type(", out);
 656         print_expression_prec(expr->type_expression, PREC_COMMA + 1);
 657         fputc(')', out);
 658 }
 659
 660 /**
 661  * Prints a designator.
 662  *
 663  * @param designator  the designator
 664  */
 665 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 666 {
 667         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 668                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 669                         fputc('[', out);
 670                         print_expression_prec(designator->array_index, PREC_ACCESS);
 671                         fputc(']', out);
 672                 } else {
 673                         fputc('.', out);
 674                         fputs(designator->symbol->string, out);
 675                 }
 676         }
 677 }
 678
 679 /**
 680  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 681  *
 682  * @param expression   the offset expression
 683  */
 684 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 685 {
 686         fputs("__builtin_offsetof", out);
 687         fputc('(', out);
 688         print_type(expression->type);
 689         fputc(',', out);
 690         print_designator(expression->designator);
 691         fputc(')', out);
 692 }
 693
 694 /**
 695  * Prints a statement expression.
 696  *
 697  * @param expression   the statement expression
 698  */
 699 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 700 {
 701         fputc('(', out);
 702         print_statement(expression->statement);
 703         fputc(')', out);
 704 }
 705
 706 /**
 707  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 708  *
 709  * @param expression  the expression to print
 710  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 711  */
 712 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 713 {
 714         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 715         if (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM)
 716                 top_prec = PREC_TOP;
 717         if (top_prec > prec)
 718                 fputc('(', out);
 719         switch(expression->kind) {
 720         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
 721         case EXPR_INVALID:
 722                 fprintf(out, "$invalid expression$");
 723                 break;
 724         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 725                 print_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 726                 break;
 727         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 728                 print_wide_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 729                 break;
 730         case EXPR_CONST:
 731                 print_const(&expression->conste);
 732                 break;
 733         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 734                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 735                 break;
 736         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 737                 print_string_literal(&expression->string);
 738                 break;
 739         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 740                 print_wide_string_literal(&expression->wide_string);
 741                 break;
 742         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 743                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 744                 break;
 745         case EXPR_CALL:
 746                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 747                 break;
 748         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 749                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 750                 break;
 751         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 752                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 753                 break;
 754         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 755                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 756                 break;
 757         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 758                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 759                 break;
 760         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 761         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 762                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 763                 break;
 764         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
 765                 print_builtin_symbol(&expression->builtin_symbol);
 766                 break;
 767         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 768                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 769                 break;
 770         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
 771                 print_builtin_prefetch(&expression->builtin_prefetch);
 772                 break;
 773         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 774                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 775                 break;
 776         case EXPR_VA_START:
 777                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 778                 break;
 779         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 780                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 781                 break;
 782         case EXPR_SELECT:
 783                 print_select(&expression->select);
 784                 break;
 785         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 786                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 787                 break;
 788         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 789                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 790                 break;
 791         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 792                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 793                 break;
 794
 795         default:
 796                 /* TODO */
 797                 fprintf(out, "some expression of type %d", (int) expression->kind);
 798                 break;
 799         }
 800         if (top_prec > prec)
 801                 fputc(')', out);
 802 }
 803
 804 /**
 805  * Print an compound statement.
 806  *
 807  * @param block  the compound statement
 808  */
 809 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 810 {
 811         fputs("{\n", out);
 812         ++indent;
 813
 814         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 815         while(statement != NULL) {
 816                 if (statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL)
 817                         --indent;
 818                 print_indent();
 819                 print_statement(statement);
 820
 821                 statement = statement->base.next;
 822         }
 823         --indent;
 824         print_indent();
 825         fputs("}\n", out);
 826 }
 827
 828 /**
 829  * Print a return statement.
 830  *
 831  * @param statement  the return statement
 832  */
 833 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 834 {
 835         fprintf(out, "return ");
 836         if(statement->value != NULL)
 837                 print_expression(statement->value);
 838         fputs(";\n", out);
 839 }
 840
 841 /**
 842  * Print an expression statement.
 843  *
 844  * @param statement  the expression statement
 845  */
 846 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 847 {
 848         print_expression(statement->expression);
 849         fputs(";\n", out);
 850 }
 851
 852 /**
 853  * Print a goto statement.
 854  *
 855  * @param statement  the goto statement
 856  */
 857 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 858 {
 859         fprintf(out, "goto ");
 860         fputs(statement->label->symbol->string, out);
 861         fprintf(stderr, "(%p)", (void*) statement->label);
 862         fputs(";\n", out);
 863 }
 864
 865 /**
 866  * Print a label statement.
 867  *
 868  * @param statement  the label statement
 869  */
 870 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 871 {
 872         fprintf(stderr, "(%p)", (void*) statement->label);
 873         fprintf(out, "%s:\n", statement->label->symbol->string);
 874         print_statement(statement->statement);
 875 }
 876
 877 /**
 878  * Print an if statement.
 879  *
 880  * @param statement  the if statement
 881  */
 882 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 883 {
 884         fputs("if (", out);
 885         print_expression(statement->condition);
 886         fputs(") ", out);
 887         print_statement(statement->true_statement);
 888
 889         if(statement->false_statement != NULL) {
 890                 print_indent();
 891                 fputs("else ", out);
 892                 print_statement(statement->false_statement);
 893         }
 894 }
 895
 896 /**
 897  * Print a switch statement.
 898  *
 899  * @param statement  the switch statement
 900  */
 901 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 902 {
 903         fputs("switch (", out);
 904         print_expression(statement->expression);
 905         fputs(") ", out);
 906         print_statement(statement->body);
 907 }
 908
 909 /**
 910  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 911  *
 912  * @param statement  the case label statement
 913  */
 914 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 915 {
 916         if(statement->expression == NULL) {
 917                 fputs("default:\n", out);
 918         } else {
 919                 fputs("case ", out);
 920                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 921                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 922                         fputs(" ... ", out);
 923                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 924                 }
 925                 fputs(":\n", out);
 926         }
 927         ++indent;
 928         if(statement->statement != NULL) {
 929                 if (statement->statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL) {
 930                         --indent;
 931                 }
 932                 print_indent();
 933                 print_statement(statement->statement);
 934         }
 935 }
 936
 937 /**
 938  * Print a declaration statement.
 939  *
 940  * @param statement   the statement
 941  */
 942 static void print_declaration_statement(
 943                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 944 {
 945         int first = 1;
 946         declaration_t *declaration = statement->declarations_begin;
 947         for( ; declaration != statement->declarations_end->next;
 948                declaration = declaration->next) {
 949             if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY)
 950                 continue;
 951
 952                 if(!first) {
 953                         print_indent();
 954                 } else {
 955                         first = 0;
 956                 }
 957                 print_declaration(declaration);
 958                 fputc('\n', out);
 959         }
 960 }
 961
 962 /**
 963  * Print a while statement.
 964  *
 965  * @param statement   the statement
 966  */
 967 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 968 {
 969         fputs("while (", out);
 970         print_expression(statement->condition);
 971         fputs(") ", out);
 972         print_statement(statement->body);
 973 }
 974
 975 /**
 976  * Print a do-while statement.
 977  *
 978  * @param statement   the statement
 979  */
 980 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 981 {
 982         fputs("do ", out);
 983         print_statement(statement->body);
 984         print_indent();
 985         fputs("while (", out);
 986         print_expression(statement->condition);
 987         fputs(");\n", out);
 988 }
 989
 990 /**
 991  * Print a for statement.
 992  *
 993  * @param statement   the statement
 994  */
 995 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
 996 {
 997         fputs("for (", out);
 998         if(statement->scope.declarations != NULL) {
 999                 assert(statement->initialisation == NULL);
1000                 print_declaration(statement->scope.declarations);
1001                 if(statement->scope.declarations->next != NULL) {
1002                         panic("multiple declarations in for statement not supported yet");
1003                 }
1004                 fputc(' ', out);
1005         } else {
1006                 if(statement->initialisation) {
1007                         print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1008                 }
1009                 fputs("; ", out);
1010         }
1011         if(statement->condition != NULL) {
1012                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1013         }
1014         fputs("; ", out);
1015         if(statement->step != NULL) {
1016                 print_expression(statement->step);
1017         }
1018         fputs(")", out);
1019         print_statement(statement->body);
1020 }
1021
1022 /**
1023  * Print assembler constraints.
1024  *
1025  * @param constraints   the constraints
1026  */
1027 static void print_asm_constraints(asm_constraint_t *constraints)
1028 {
1029         asm_constraint_t *constraint = constraints;
1030         for( ; constraint != NULL; constraint = constraint->next) {
1031                 if(constraint != constraints)
1032                         fputs(", ", out);
1033
1034                 if(constraint->symbol) {
1035                         fprintf(out, "[%s] ", constraint->symbol->string);
1036                 }
1037                 print_quoted_string(&constraint->constraints, '"');
1038                 fputs(" (", out);
1039                 print_expression(constraint->expression);
1040                 fputs(")", out);
1041         }
1042 }
1043
1044 /**
1045  * Print assembler clobbers.
1046  *
1047  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1048  */
1049 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1050 {
1051         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1052         for( ; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1053                 if(clobber != clobbers)
1054                         fputs(", ", out);
1055
1056                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"');
1057         }
1058 }
1059
1060 /**
1061  * Print an assembler statement.
1062  *
1063  * @param statement   the statement
1064  */
1065 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1066 {
1067         fputs("asm ", out);
1068         if(statement->is_volatile) {
1069                 fputs("volatile ", out);
1070         }
1071         fputs("(", out);
1072         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"');
1073         if(statement->inputs == NULL && statement->outputs == NULL
1074                         && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1075                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1076
1077         fputs(" : ", out);
1078         print_asm_constraints(statement->inputs);
1079         if(statement->outputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1080                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1081
1082         fputs(" : ", out);
1083         print_asm_constraints(statement->outputs);
1084         if(statement->clobbers == NULL)
1085                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1086
1087         fputs(" : ", out);
1088         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1089
1090 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1091         fputs(");\n", out);
1092 }
1093
1094 /**
1095  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1096  *
1097  * @param statement   the statement
1098  */
1099 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1100 {
1101         fputs("__try ", out);
1102         print_statement(statement->try_statement);
1103         print_indent();
1104         if(statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1105                 fputs("__except(", out);
1106                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1107                 fputs(") ", out);
1108         } else {
1109                 fputs("__finally ", out);
1110         }
1111         print_statement(statement->final_statement);
1112 }
1113
1114 /**
1115  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1116  *
1117  * @param statement   the statement
1118  */
1119 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1120 {
1121         (void) statement;
1122         fputs("__leave;\n", out);
1123 }
1124
1125 /**
1126  * Print a statement.
1127  *
1128  * @param statement   the statement
1129  */
1130 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1131 {
1132         switch(statement->kind) {
1133         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1134                 fputs(";\n", out);
1135                 break;
1136         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1137                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1138                 break;
1139         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1140                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1141                 break;
1142         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1143                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1144                 break;
1145         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1146                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1147                 break;
1148         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1149                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1150                 break;
1151         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1152                 fputs("continue;\n", out);
1153                 break;
1154         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1155                 fputs("break;\n", out);
1156                 break;
1157         case STATEMENT_IF:
1158                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1159                 break;
1160         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1161                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1162                 break;
1163         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1164                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1165                 break;
1166         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1167                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1168                 break;
1169         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1170                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1171                 break;
1172         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1173                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1174                 break;
1175         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1176                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1177                 break;
1178         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1179                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1180                 break;
1181         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1182                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1183                 break;
1184         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1185                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1186                 break;
1187         case STATEMENT_INVALID:
1188                 fprintf(out, "$invalid statement$");
1189                 break;
1190         }
1191 }
1192
1193 /**
1194  * Print a storage class.
1195  *
1196  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1197  */
1198 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1199 {
1200         switch(storage_class) {
1201         case STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY:
1202         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1203                 break;
1204         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:       fputs("typedef ",        out); break;
1205         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:        fputs("extern ",         out); break;
1206         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:        fputs("static ",         out); break;
1207         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:          fputs("auto ",           out); break;
1208         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:      fputs("register ",       out); break;
1209         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD:        fputs("__thread",        out); break;
1210         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_EXTERN: fputs("extern __thread", out); break;
1211         case STORAGE_CLASS_THREAD_STATIC: fputs("static __thread", out); break;
1212         }
1213 }
1214
1215 /**
1216  * Print an initializer.
1217  *
1218  * @param initializer  the initializer
1219  */
1220 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1221 {
1222         if(initializer == NULL) {
1223                 fputs("{}", out);
1224                 return;
1225         }
1226
1227         switch(initializer->kind) {
1228         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1229                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1230                 print_expression(value->value);
1231                 return;
1232         }
1233         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1234                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1235                 fputs("{ ", out);
1236                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1237
1238                 for(size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1239                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1240                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1241                         if(i < list->len-1) {
1242                                 if(sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1243                                         fputs(", ", out);
1244                         }
1245                 }
1246                 fputs(" }", out);
1247                 return;
1248         }
1249         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1250                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"');
1251                 return;
1252         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1253                 print_quoted_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string.string, '"');
1254                 return;
1255         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1256                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1257                 fputs(" = ", out);
1258                 return;
1259         }
1260
1261         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1262 }
1263
1264 /**
1265  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1266  */
1267 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration) {
1268         if((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1269                 return;
1270
1271         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->decl_modifiers;
1272
1273         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1274         if((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0 ||
1275             declaration->alignment != 0 || declaration->deprecated != 0 ||
1276             declaration->get_property_sym != NULL || declaration->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1277                 char *next = "(";
1278
1279                 fputs("__declspec", out);
1280                 if(modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1281                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllimport", out);
1282                 }
1283                 if(modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1284                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllexport", out);
1285                 }
1286                 if(modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1287                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1288                 }
1289                 if(modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1290                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("naked", out);
1291                 }
1292                 if(modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1293                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1294                 }
1295                 if(modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1296                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("selectany", out);
1297                 }
1298                 if(modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1299                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("nothrow", out);
1300                 }
1301                 if(modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1302                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noreturn", out);
1303                 }
1304                 if(modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1305                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noinline", out);
1306                 }
1307                 if(declaration->deprecated != 0) {
1308                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("deprecated", out);
1309                         if(declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1310                                 fprintf(out, "(\"%s\")", declaration->deprecated_string);
1311                 }
1312                 if(declaration->alignment != 0) {
1313                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fprintf(out, "align(%u)", declaration->alignment);
1314                 }
1315                 if(modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1316                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("restrict", out);
1317                 }
1318                 if(modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1319                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noalias", out);
1320                 }
1321             if(declaration->get_property_sym != NULL || declaration->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1322                 char *comma = "";
1323                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fprintf(out, "property(");
1324                 if(declaration->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1325                         fprintf(out, "get=%s", declaration->get_property_sym->string);
1326                         comma = ", ";
1327                         }
1328                 if(declaration->put_property_sym != NULL)
1329                         fprintf(out, "%sput=%s", comma, declaration->put_property_sym->string);
1330                         fputc(')', out);
1331                 }
1332                 fputs(") ", out);
1333         }
1334 }
1335
1336 /**
1337  * Print a declaration in the NORMAL namespace.
1338  *
1339  * @param declaration  the declaration
1340  */
1341 static void print_normal_declaration(const declaration_t *declaration)
1342 {
1343         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t) declaration->declared_storage_class);
1344         if(declaration->is_inline) {
1345                 if(declaration->decl_modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE)
1346                         fputs("__forceinline ", out);
1347                 else {
1348                         if(declaration->decl_modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE)
1349                                 fputs("__inline ", out);
1350                         else
1351                                 fputs("inline ", out);
1352                 }
1353         }
1354         print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1355         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->symbol,
1356                        &declaration->scope);
1357
1358         if(declaration->type->kind == TYPE_FUNCTION) {
1359                 if(declaration->init.statement != NULL) {
1360                         fputs("\n", out);
1361                         print_statement(declaration->init.statement);
1362                         return;
1363                 }
1364         } else if(declaration->init.initializer != NULL) {
1365                 fputs(" = ", out);
1366                 print_initializer(declaration->init.initializer);
1367         }
1368         fputc(';', out);
1369 }
1370
1371 /**
1372  * Prints an expression.
1373  *
1374  * @param expression  the expression
1375  */
1376 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression) {
1377         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1378 }
1379
1380 /**
1381  * Print a declaration.
1382  *
1383  * @param declaration  the declaration
1384  */
1385 void print_declaration(const declaration_t *declaration)
1386 {
1387         if(declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL &&
1388                         declaration->symbol == NULL)
1389                 return;
1390
1391         switch(declaration->namespc) {
1392         case NAMESPACE_NORMAL:
1393                 print_normal_declaration(declaration);
1394                 break;
1395         case NAMESPACE_STRUCT:
1396                 fputs("struct ", out);
1397                 fputs(declaration->symbol->string, out);
1398                 fputc(' ', out);
1399                 print_compound_definition(declaration);
1400                 fputc(';', out);
1401                 break;
1402         case NAMESPACE_UNION:
1403                 fputs("union ", out);
1404                 fputs(declaration->symbol->string, out);
1405                 fputc(' ', out);
1406                 print_compound_definition(declaration);
1407                 fputc(';', out);
1408                 break;
1409         case NAMESPACE_ENUM:
1410                 fputs("enum ", out);
1411                 fputs(declaration->symbol->string, out);
1412                 fputc(' ', out);
1413                 print_enum_definition(declaration);
1414                 fputc(';', out);
1415                 break;
1416         }
1417 }
1418
1419 /**
1420  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1421  *
1422  * @param unit   the translation unit
1423  */
1424 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1425 {
1426         inc_type_visited();
1427
1428         declaration_t *declaration = unit->scope.declarations;
1429         for( ; declaration != NULL; declaration = declaration->next) {
1430                 if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY)
1431                         continue;
1432                 if(declaration->namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL &&
1433                                 declaration->symbol == NULL)
1434                         continue;
1435
1436                 print_indent();
1437                 print_declaration(declaration);
1438                 fputc('\n', out);
1439         }
1440 }
1441
1442 bool is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1443 {
1444         switch(initializer->kind) {
1445         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1446         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1447         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1448                 return true;
1449
1450         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1451                 return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
1452
1453         case INITIALIZER_LIST:
1454                 for(size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1455                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1456                         if(!is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer))
1457                                 return false;
1458                 }
1459                 return true;
1460         }
1461         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1462 }
1463
1464 static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1465 {
1466         switch(expression->kind) {
1467         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1468                 return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1469
1470         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1471                 if(is_type_pointer(expression->select.compound->base.type)) {
1472                         /* it's a -> */
1473                         return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
1474                 } else {
1475                         return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1476                 }
1477         }
1478
1479         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1480                 return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index)
1481                         && is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1482
1483         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1484                 declaration_t *declaration = expression->reference.declaration;
1485                 switch((storage_class_tag_t) declaration->storage_class) {
1486                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1487                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1488                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1489                         return true;
1490                 default:
1491                         return false;
1492                 }
1493         }
1494
1495         default:
1496                 return false;
1497         }
1498 }
1499
1500 bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1501 {
1502         switch(expression->kind) {
1503         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1504                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1505
1506         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1507                 type_t *real_type = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1508                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1509                 if(is_type_function(real_type)) {
1510                         return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1511                 }
1512         }
1513
1514         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1515                 return is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
1516                         && (is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value)
1517                         || is_address_constant(expression->unary.value));
1518
1519         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1520         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1521                 expression_t *left  = expression->binary.left;
1522                 expression_t *right = expression->binary.right;
1523
1524                 if(is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(left->base.type))) {
1525                         return is_address_constant(left) && is_constant_expression(right);
1526                 } else if(is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(right->base.type))) {
1527                         return is_constant_expression(left)     && is_address_constant(right);
1528                 }
1529
1530                 return false;
1531         }
1532
1533         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1534                 declaration_t *declaration = expression->reference.declaration;
1535                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(declaration->type);
1536                 if(is_type_function(type))
1537                         return true;
1538                 if(is_type_array(type)) {
1539                         return is_object_with_constant_address(expression);
1540                 }
1541                 return false;
1542         }
1543
1544         default:
1545                 return false;
1546         }
1547 }
1548
1549 bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1550 {
1551         switch(expression->kind) {
1552
1553         case EXPR_CONST:
1554         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1555         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1556         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1557         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1558         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
1559         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1560         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1561         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1562         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1563         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1564                 return true;
1565
1566         case EXPR_BUILTIN_SYMBOL:
1567         case EXPR_BUILTIN_PREFETCH:
1568         case EXPR_CALL:
1569         case EXPR_SELECT:
1570         case EXPR_VA_START:
1571         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1572         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1573         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1574         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1575         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1576         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1577         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1578         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1579         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1580         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1581         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1582         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1583         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1584         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1585         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1586         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1587         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1588         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1589         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1590         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1591         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1592                 return false;
1593
1594         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1595         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1596         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1597         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1598                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1599
1600         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1601         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
1602                 return is_type_arithmetic(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
1603                         && is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1604
1605         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1606         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1607         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1608         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1609         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1610         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1611         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1612         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1613         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1614         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1615         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1616         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1617         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1618         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1619         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:
1620         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:
1621         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1622         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1623         case EXPR_BINARY_BUILTIN_EXPECT:
1624         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1625         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1626         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1627         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1628         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1629         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1630                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left)
1631                         && is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1632
1633         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1634                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1635
1636         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1637                 expression_t *condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1638                 if(!is_constant_expression(condition))
1639                         return false;
1640
1641                 long val = fold_constant(condition);
1642                 if(val != 0)
1643                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.true_expression);
1644                 else
1645                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1646         }
1647
1648         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1649                 return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.array_ref)
1650                         && is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1651
1652         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1653                 declaration_t *declaration = expression->reference.declaration;
1654                 if(declaration->storage_class == STORAGE_CLASS_ENUM_ENTRY)
1655                         return true;
1656
1657                 return false;
1658         }
1659
1660         case EXPR_INVALID:
1661                 return true;
1662
1663         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
1664                 break;
1665         }
1666         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1667 }
1668
1669 /**
1670  * Initialize the AST construction.
1671  */
1672 void init_ast(void)
1673 {
1674         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1675 }
1676
1677 /**
1678  * Free the AST.
1679  */
1680 void exit_ast(void)
1681 {
1682         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1683 }
1684
1685 /**
1686  * Set the output stream for the AST printer.
1687  *
1688  * @param stream  the output stream
1689  */
1690 void ast_set_output(FILE *stream)
1691 {
1692         out = stream;
1693         type_set_output(stream);
1694 }
1695
1696 /**
1697  * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
1698  *
1699  * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
1700  *
1701  * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
1702  */
1703 void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
1704 {
1705         return _allocate_ast(size);
1706 }