nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28
  29 #include <assert.h>
  30 #include <stdio.h>
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #include <ctype.h>
  33
  34 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  35 #include <mathimf.h>
  36 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  37 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  38 #else
  39 #include <math.h>
  40 #endif
  41
  42 #include "adt/error.h"
  43 #include "adt/util.h"
  44
  45 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  46
  47 static FILE *out;
  48 static int   indent;
  49
  50 /** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
  51 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  52
  53 /** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
  54 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  55
  56 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  57 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  58
  59 void change_indent(int delta)
  60 {
  61         indent += delta;
  62         assert(indent >= 0);
  63 }
  64
  65 void print_indent(void)
  66 {
  67         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  68                 fputc('\t', out);
  69 }
  70
  71 /**
  72  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  73  * associativity, else 0.
  74  *
  75  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  76  */
  77 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  78 {
  79         switch (precedence) {
  80                 case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  81                 case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  82                 case PREC_UNARY:
  83                         return 1;
  84
  85                 default:
  86                         return 0;
  87         }
  88 }
  89
  90 /**
  91  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  92  *
  93  * @param kind   the expression kind
  94  */
  95 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
  96 {
  97         static const unsigned prec[] = {
  98                 [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
  99                 [EXPR_INVALID]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 100                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 101                 [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 102                 [EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 103                 [EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT]    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 104                 [EXPR_CONST]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 107                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 108                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 109                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 110                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 111                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 112                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 113                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 114                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 115
 116                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124
 125                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 127                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 128                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 129                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 130                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 132                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]        = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 141
 142                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 143                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 144                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 145                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 146                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 147                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 148                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 172
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 179         };
 180         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 181         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 182
 183         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 184         return res;
 185 }
 186
 187 /**
 188  * Print a constant expression.
 189  *
 190  * @param cnst  the constant expression
 191  */
 192 static void print_const(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 193 {
 194         if (cnst->base.type == NULL)
 195                 return;
 196
 197         const type_t *const type = skip_typeref(cnst->base.type);
 198
 199         if (is_type_atomic(type, ATOMIC_TYPE_BOOL)) {
 200                 fputs(cnst->v.int_value ? "true" : "false", out);
 201         } else if (is_type_integer(type)) {
 202                 fprintf(out, "%lld", cnst->v.int_value);
 203         } else if (is_type_float(type)) {
 204                 long double const val = cnst->v.float_value;
 205 #ifdef _WIN32
 206                 /* ARG, no way to print long double */
 207                 fprintf(out, "%.20g", (double)val);
 208 #else
 209                 fprintf(out, "%.20Lg", val);
 210 #endif
 211                 if (isfinite(val) && truncl(val) == val)
 212                         fputs(".0", out);
 213         } else {
 214                 panic("unknown constant");
 215         }
 216
 217         char const* suffix;
 218         switch (type->atomic.akind) {
 219                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_UINT:        suffix = "U";   break;
 220                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG:        suffix = "L";   break;
 221                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONG:       suffix = "UL";  break;
 222                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONGLONG:    suffix = "LL";  break;
 223                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_ULONGLONG:   suffix = "ULL"; break;
 224                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_FLOAT:       suffix = "F";   break;
 225                 case ATOMIC_TYPE_LONG_DOUBLE: suffix = "L";   break;
 226
 227                 default: return;
 228         }
 229         fputs(suffix, out);
 230 }
 231
 232 /**
 233  * Print a quoted string constant.
 234  *
 235  * @param string  the string constant
 236  * @param border  the border char
 237  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 238  */
 239 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border, int skip)
 240 {
 241         fputc(border, out);
 242         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 243         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 244                 unsigned char const tc = *c;
 245                 if (tc == border) {
 246                         fputc('\\', out);
 247                 }
 248                 switch (tc) {
 249                 case '\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 250                 case '\a':  fputs("\\a", out); break;
 251                 case '\b':  fputs("\\b", out); break;
 252                 case '\f':  fputs("\\f", out); break;
 253                 case '\n':  fputs("\\n", out); break;
 254                 case '\r':  fputs("\\r", out); break;
 255                 case '\t':  fputs("\\t", out); break;
 256                 case '\v':  fputs("\\v", out); break;
 257                 case '\?':  fputs("\\?", out); break;
 258                 case 27:
 259                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 260                                 fputs("\\e", out); break;
 261                         }
 262                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 263                 default:
 264                         if (tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 265                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 266                         } else {
 267                                 fputc(tc, out);
 268                         }
 269                         break;
 270                 }
 271         }
 272         fputc(border, out);
 273 }
 274
 275 /**
 276  * Prints a wide string literal expression.
 277  *
 278  * @param wstr    the wide string literal expression
 279  * @param border  the border char
 280  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 281  */
 282 static void print_quoted_wide_string(const wide_string_t *const wstr,
 283                                      char border, int skip)
 284 {
 285         fputc('L', out);
 286         fputc(border, out);
 287         const wchar_rep_t *end = wstr->begin + wstr->size - skip;
 288         for (const wchar_rep_t *c = wstr->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 289                 switch (*c) {
 290                         case L'\"':  fputs("\\\"", out); break;
 291                         case L'\\':  fputs("\\\\", out); break;
 292                         case L'\a':  fputs("\\a",  out); break;
 293                         case L'\b':  fputs("\\b",  out); break;
 294                         case L'\f':  fputs("\\f",  out); break;
 295                         case L'\n':  fputs("\\n",  out); break;
 296                         case L'\r':  fputs("\\r",  out); break;
 297                         case L'\t':  fputs("\\t",  out); break;
 298                         case L'\v':  fputs("\\v",  out); break;
 299                         case L'\?':  fputs("\\?",  out); break;
 300                         case 27:
 301                                 if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 302                                         fputs("\\e", out); break;
 303                                 }
 304                                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 305                         default: {
 306                                 const unsigned tc = *c;
 307                                 if (tc < 0x80U) {
 308                                         if (isprint(*c)) {
 309                                                 fputc(*c, out);
 310                                         } else {
 311                                                 fprintf(out, "\\%03o", tc);
 312                                         }
 313                                 } else if (tc < 0x800) {
 314                                         fputc(0xC0 | (tc >> 6),   out);
 315                                         fputc(0x80 | (tc & 0x3F), out);
 316                                 } else if (tc < 0x10000) {
 317                                         fputc(0xE0 | ( tc >> 12),         out);
 318                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 319                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 320                                 } else {
 321                                         fputc(0xF0 | ( tc >> 18),         out);
 322                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >> 12) & 0x3F), out);
 323                                         fputc(0x80 | ((tc >>  6) & 0x3F), out);
 324                                         fputc(0x80 | ( tc        & 0x3F), out);
 325                                 }
 326                         }
 327                 }
 328         }
 329         fputc(border, out);
 330 }
 331
 332 /**
 333  * Print a constant character expression.
 334  *
 335  * @param cnst  the constant character expression
 336  */
 337 static void print_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 338 {
 339         print_quoted_string(&cnst->v.character, '\'', 0);
 340 }
 341
 342 static void print_wide_character_constant(const const_expression_t *cnst)
 343 {
 344         print_quoted_wide_string(&cnst->v.wide_character, '\'', 0);
 345 }
 346
 347 /**
 348  * Prints a string literal expression.
 349  *
 350  * @param string_literal  the string literal expression
 351  */
 352 static void print_string_literal(
 353                 const string_literal_expression_t *string_literal)
 354 {
 355         print_quoted_string(&string_literal->value, '"', 1);
 356 }
 357
 358 /**
 359  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 360  */
 361 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 362 {
 363         const char *s = "";
 364         switch (funcname->kind) {
 365         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 366         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 367         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 368         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 369         }
 370         fputs(s, out);
 371 }
 372
 373 static void print_wide_string_literal(
 374         const wide_string_literal_expression_t *const wstr)
 375 {
 376         print_quoted_wide_string(&wstr->value, '"', 1);
 377 }
 378
 379 static void print_compound_literal(
 380                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 381 {
 382         fputc('(', out);
 383         print_type(expression->type);
 384         fputc(')', out);
 385         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 386 }
 387
 388 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 389 {
 390         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 391 }
 392
 393 /**
 394  * Prints a call expression.
 395  *
 396  * @param call  the call expression
 397  */
 398 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 399 {
 400         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(call->base.kind);
 401         print_expression_prec(call->function, prec);
 402         fputc('(', out);
 403         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 404         int              first    = 1;
 405         while (argument != NULL) {
 406                 if (!first) {
 407                         fputs(", ", out);
 408                 } else {
 409                         first = 0;
 410                 }
 411                 print_assignment_expression(argument->expression);
 412
 413                 argument = argument->next;
 414         }
 415         fputc(')', out);
 416 }
 417
 418 /**
 419  * Prints a binary expression.
 420  *
 421  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 422  */
 423 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 424 {
 425         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 426         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 427
 428         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 429         char const* op;
 430         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 431         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 432         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 433         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 434         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 435         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 436         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 437         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 438         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 439         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 440         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 441         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 442         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 443         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 444         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 445         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 446         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 447         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 448         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 449         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 450         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 451
 452         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 453         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 454         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 455         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 456         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 457         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 458         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 459         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 460         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 461         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 462         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 463         }
 464         fputs(op, out);
 465         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 466 }
 467
 468 /**
 469  * Prints an unary expression.
 470  *
 471  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 472  */
 473 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 474 {
 475         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 476         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 477         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           fputc('-',          out); break;
 478         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             fputc('+',          out); break;
 479         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              fputc('!',          out); break;
 480         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   fputc('~',          out); break;
 481         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: fputs("++",         out); break;
 482         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: fputs("--",         out); break;
 483         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      fputc('*',          out); break;
 484         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     fputc('&',          out); break;
 485         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           fputs("delete ",    out); break;
 486         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     fputs("delete [] ", out); break;
 487
 488         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 489                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 490                 fputs("++", out);
 491                 return;
 492         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 493                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 494                 fputs("--", out);
 495                 return;
 496         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
 497         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 498                 fputc('(', out);
 499                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 500                 fputc(')', out);
 501                 break;
 502         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 503                 fputs("__assume(", out);
 504                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 505                 fputc(')', out);
 506                 return;
 507
 508         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 509                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 510                         fputs("throw", out);
 511                         return;
 512                 }
 513                 fputs("throw ", out);
 514                 break;
 515
 516         default:
 517                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 518         }
 519         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 520 }
 521
 522 /**
 523  * Prints a reference expression.
 524  *
 525  * @param ref   the reference expression
 526  */
 527 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 528 {
 529         fputs(ref->entity->base.symbol->string, out);
 530 }
 531
 532 /**
 533  * Prints a label address expression.
 534  *
 535  * @param ref   the reference expression
 536  */
 537 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 538 {
 539         fprintf(out, "&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 540 }
 541
 542 /**
 543  * Prints an array expression.
 544  *
 545  * @param expression   the array expression
 546  */
 547 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 548 {
 549         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 550         if (!expression->flipped) {
 551                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, prec);
 552                 fputc('[', out);
 553                 print_expression(expression->index);
 554                 fputc(']', out);
 555         } else {
 556                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, prec);
 557                 fputc('[', out);
 558                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 559                 fputc(']', out);
 560         }
 561 }
 562
 563 /**
 564  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 565  *
 566  * @param expression   the type property expression
 567  */
 568 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 569 {
 570         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 571                 fputs("sizeof", out);
 572         } else {
 573                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 574                 fputs("__alignof__", out);
 575         }
 576         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 577                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 578                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 579         } else {
 580                 fputc('(', out);
 581                 print_type(expression->type);
 582                 fputc(')', out);
 583         }
 584 }
 585
 586 /**
 587  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 588  *
 589  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 590  */
 591 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 592 {
 593         fputs("__builtin_constant_p(", out);
 594         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 595         fputc(')', out);
 596 }
 597
 598 /**
 599  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 600  *
 601  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 602  */
 603 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 604                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 605 {
 606         fputs("__builtin_types_compatible_p(", out);
 607         print_type(expression->left);
 608         fputs(", ", out);
 609         print_type(expression->right);
 610         fputc(')', out);
 611 }
 612
 613 /**
 614  * Prints a conditional expression.
 615  *
 616  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 617  */
 618 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 619 {
 620         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 621         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 622                 fputs(" ? ", out);
 623                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 624                 fputs(" : ", out);
 625         } else {
 626                 fputs(" ?: ", out);
 627         }
 628         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 629         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 630 }
 631
 632 /**
 633  * Prints a va_start expression.
 634  *
 635  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 636  */
 637 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 638 {
 639         fputs("__builtin_va_start(", out);
 640         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 641         fputs(", ", out);
 642         fputs(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string, out);
 643         fputc(')', out);
 644 }
 645
 646 /**
 647  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 648  *
 649  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 650  */
 651 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 652 {
 653         fputs("__builtin_va_arg(", out);
 654         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 655         fputs(", ", out);
 656         print_type(expression->base.type);
 657         fputc(')', out);
 658 }
 659
 660 /**
 661  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 662  *
 663  * @param expression   the select expression
 664  */
 665 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 666 {
 667         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 668         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, prec);
 669         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 670                 fputs("->", out);
 671         } else {
 672                 fputc('.', out);
 673         }
 674         fputs(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string, out);
 675 }
 676
 677 /**
 678  * Prints a type classify expression.
 679  *
 680  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 681  */
 682 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 683         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 684 {
 685         fputs("__builtin_classify_type(", out);
 686         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 687         fputc(')', out);
 688 }
 689
 690 /**
 691  * Prints a designator.
 692  *
 693  * @param designator  the designator
 694  */
 695 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 696 {
 697         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 698                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 699                         fputc('[', out);
 700                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 701                         fputc(']', out);
 702                 } else {
 703                         fputc('.', out);
 704                         fputs(designator->symbol->string, out);
 705                 }
 706         }
 707 }
 708
 709 /**
 710  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 711  *
 712  * @param expression   the offset expression
 713  */
 714 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 715 {
 716         fputs("__builtin_offsetof", out);
 717         fputc('(', out);
 718         print_type(expression->type);
 719         fputc(',', out);
 720         print_designator(expression->designator);
 721         fputc(')', out);
 722 }
 723
 724 /**
 725  * Prints a statement expression.
 726  *
 727  * @param expression   the statement expression
 728  */
 729 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 730 {
 731         fputc('(', out);
 732         print_statement(expression->statement);
 733         fputc(')', out);
 734 }
 735
 736 /**
 737  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 738  *
 739  * @param expression  the expression to print
 740  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 741  */
 742 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 743 {
 744         if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT && !print_implicit_casts) {
 745                 expression = expression->unary.value;
 746         }
 747
 748         bool parenthesized =
 749                 expression->base.parenthesized                 ||
 750                 (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) ||
 751                 top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 752
 753         if (parenthesized)
 754                 fputc('(', out);
 755         switch (expression->kind) {
 756         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
 757         case EXPR_INVALID:
 758                 fputs("$invalid expression$", out);
 759                 break;
 760         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 761                 print_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 762                 break;
 763         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
 764                 print_wide_character_constant(&expression->conste);
 765                 break;
 766         case EXPR_CONST:
 767                 print_const(&expression->conste);
 768                 break;
 769         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 770                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 771                 break;
 772         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 773                 print_string_literal(&expression->string);
 774                 break;
 775         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 776                 print_wide_string_literal(&expression->wide_string);
 777                 break;
 778         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 779                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 780                 break;
 781         case EXPR_CALL:
 782                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 783                 break;
 784         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 785                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 786                 break;
 787         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 788         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
 789                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 790                 break;
 791         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 792                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 793                 break;
 794         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
 795                 print_label_address_expression(&expression->label_address);
 796                 break;
 797         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 798                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 799                 break;
 800         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 801         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 802                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 803                 break;
 804         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 805                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 806                 break;
 807         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
 808                 print_builtin_types_compatible(&expression->builtin_types_compatible);
 809                 break;
 810         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 811                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 812                 break;
 813         case EXPR_VA_START:
 814                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 815                 break;
 816         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 817                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 818                 break;
 819         case EXPR_SELECT:
 820                 print_select(&expression->select);
 821                 break;
 822         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 823                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 824                 break;
 825         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 826                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 827                 break;
 828         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 829                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 830                 break;
 831
 832         default:
 833                 /* TODO */
 834                 fprintf(out, "some expression of type %d", (int)expression->kind);
 835                 break;
 836         }
 837         if (parenthesized)
 838                 fputc(')', out);
 839 }
 840
 841 /**
 842  * Print an compound statement.
 843  *
 844  * @param block  the compound statement
 845  */
 846 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 847 {
 848         fputs("{\n", out);
 849         ++indent;
 850
 851         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 852         while (statement != NULL) {
 853                 if (statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL)
 854                         --indent;
 855                 if (statement->kind != STATEMENT_LABEL)
 856                         print_indent();
 857                 print_statement(statement);
 858
 859                 statement = statement->base.next;
 860         }
 861         --indent;
 862         print_indent();
 863         fputs(block->stmt_expr ? "}" : "}\n", out);
 864 }
 865
 866 /**
 867  * Print a return statement.
 868  *
 869  * @param statement  the return statement
 870  */
 871 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 872 {
 873         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 874         if (val != NULL) {
 875                 fputs("return ", out);
 876                 print_expression(val);
 877                 fputs(";\n", out);
 878         } else {
 879                 fputs("return;\n", out);
 880         }
 881 }
 882
 883 /**
 884  * Print an expression statement.
 885  *
 886  * @param statement  the expression statement
 887  */
 888 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 889 {
 890         print_expression(statement->expression);
 891         fputs(";\n", out);
 892 }
 893
 894 /**
 895  * Print a goto statement.
 896  *
 897  * @param statement  the goto statement
 898  */
 899 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 900 {
 901         fputs("goto ", out);
 902         if (statement->expression != NULL) {
 903                 fputc('*', out);
 904                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 905         } else {
 906                 fputs(statement->label->base.symbol->string, out);
 907         }
 908         fputs(";\n", out);
 909 }
 910
 911 /**
 912  * Print a label statement.
 913  *
 914  * @param statement  the label statement
 915  */
 916 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 917 {
 918         fprintf(out, "%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 919         print_indent();
 920         print_statement(statement->statement);
 921 }
 922
 923 /**
 924  * Print an if statement.
 925  *
 926  * @param statement  the if statement
 927  */
 928 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 929 {
 930         fputs("if (", out);
 931         print_expression(statement->condition);
 932         fputs(") ", out);
 933         print_statement(statement->true_statement);
 934
 935         if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
 936                 print_indent();
 937                 fputs("else ", out);
 938                 print_statement(statement->false_statement);
 939         }
 940 }
 941
 942 /**
 943  * Print a switch statement.
 944  *
 945  * @param statement  the switch statement
 946  */
 947 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 948 {
 949         fputs("switch (", out);
 950         print_expression(statement->expression);
 951         fputs(") ", out);
 952         print_statement(statement->body);
 953 }
 954
 955 /**
 956  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 957  *
 958  * @param statement  the case label statement
 959  */
 960 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 961 {
 962         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 963                 fputs("default:\n", out);
 964         } else {
 965                 fputs("case ", out);
 966                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 967                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 968                         fputs(" ... ", out);
 969                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 970                 }
 971                 fputs(":\n", out);
 972         }
 973         ++indent;
 974         if (statement->statement != NULL) {
 975                 if (statement->statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL) {
 976                         --indent;
 977                 }
 978                 print_indent();
 979                 print_statement(statement->statement);
 980         }
 981 }
 982
 983 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 984 {
 985         fputs("typedef ", out);
 986         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 987         fputc(';', out);
 988 }
 989
 990 /**
 991  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 992  * correspondenc in the source file
 993  */
 994 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 995 {
 996         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 997                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 998
 999         if (is_declaration(entity))
1000                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
1001
1002         return false;
1003 }
1004
1005 /**
1006  * Print a declaration statement.
1007  *
1008  * @param statement   the statement
1009  */
1010 static void print_declaration_statement(
1011                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
1012 {
1013         bool first = true;
1014         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
1015         if (entity == NULL) {
1016                 fputs("/* empty declaration statement */\n", out);
1017                 return;
1018         }
1019
1020         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
1021         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
1022                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1023                         continue;
1024                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1025                         continue;
1026
1027                 if (!first) {
1028                         print_indent();
1029                 } else {
1030                         first = false;
1031                 }
1032
1033                 print_entity(entity);
1034                 fputc('\n', out);
1035         }
1036 }
1037
1038 /**
1039  * Print a while statement.
1040  *
1041  * @param statement   the statement
1042  */
1043 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
1044 {
1045         fputs("while (", out);
1046         print_expression(statement->condition);
1047         fputs(") ", out);
1048         print_statement(statement->body);
1049 }
1050
1051 /**
1052  * Print a do-while statement.
1053  *
1054  * @param statement   the statement
1055  */
1056 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
1057 {
1058         fputs("do ", out);
1059         print_statement(statement->body);
1060         print_indent();
1061         fputs("while (", out);
1062         print_expression(statement->condition);
1063         fputs(");\n", out);
1064 }
1065
1066 /**
1067  * Print a for statement.
1068  *
1069  * @param statement   the statement
1070  */
1071 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1072 {
1073         fputs("for (", out);
1074         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
1075                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1076                 fputc(';', out);
1077         } else {
1078                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1079                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1080                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1081                                 continue;
1082                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
1083                         print_declaration(entity);
1084                 }
1085         }
1086         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1087                 fputc(' ', out);
1088                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1089         }
1090         fputc(';', out);
1091         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1092                 fputc(' ', out);
1093                 print_expression(statement->step);
1094         }
1095         fputs(") ", out);
1096         print_statement(statement->body);
1097 }
1098
1099 /**
1100  * Print assembler arguments.
1101  *
1102  * @param arguments   the arguments
1103  */
1104 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1105 {
1106         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1107         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1108                 if (argument != arguments)
1109                         fputs(", ", out);
1110
1111                 if (argument->symbol) {
1112                         fprintf(out, "[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1113                 }
1114                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1115                 fputs(" (", out);
1116                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1117                 fputc(')', out);
1118         }
1119 }
1120
1121 /**
1122  * Print assembler clobbers.
1123  *
1124  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1125  */
1126 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1127 {
1128         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1129         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1130                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1131                         fputs(", ", out);
1132
1133                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1134         }
1135 }
1136
1137 /**
1138  * Print an assembler statement.
1139  *
1140  * @param statement   the statement
1141  */
1142 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1143 {
1144         fputs("asm ", out);
1145         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1146                 fputs("volatile ", out);
1147         }
1148         fputc('(', out);
1149         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1150         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1151             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1152             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1153                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1154
1155         fputs(" : ", out);
1156         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1157         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1158                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1159
1160         fputs(" : ", out);
1161         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1162         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1163                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1164
1165         fputs(" : ", out);
1166         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1167
1168 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1169         fputs(");\n", out);
1170 }
1171
1172 /**
1173  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1174  *
1175  * @param statement   the statement
1176  */
1177 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1178 {
1179         fputs("__try ", out);
1180         print_statement(statement->try_statement);
1181         print_indent();
1182         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1183                 fputs("__except(", out);
1184                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1185                 fputs(") ", out);
1186         } else {
1187                 fputs("__finally ", out);
1188         }
1189         print_statement(statement->final_statement);
1190 }
1191
1192 /**
1193  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1194  *
1195  * @param statement   the statement
1196  */
1197 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1198 {
1199         (void)statement;
1200         fputs("__leave;\n", out);
1201 }
1202
1203 /**
1204  * Print a statement.
1205  *
1206  * @param statement   the statement
1207  */
1208 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1209 {
1210         switch (statement->kind) {
1211         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1212                 fputs(";\n", out);
1213                 break;
1214         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1215                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1216                 break;
1217         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1218                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1219                 break;
1220         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1221                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1222                 break;
1223         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1224                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1225                 break;
1226         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1227                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1228                 break;
1229         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1230                 fputs("continue;\n", out);
1231                 break;
1232         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1233                 fputs("break;\n", out);
1234                 break;
1235         case STATEMENT_IF:
1236                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1237                 break;
1238         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1239                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1240                 break;
1241         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1242                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1243                 break;
1244         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1245                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1246                 break;
1247         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1248                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1249                 break;
1250         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1251                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1252                 break;
1253         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1254                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1255                 break;
1256         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1257                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1258                 break;
1259         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1260                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1261                 break;
1262         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1263                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1264                 break;
1265         case STATEMENT_INVALID:
1266                 fputs("$invalid statement$\n", out);
1267                 break;
1268         }
1269 }
1270
1271 /**
1272  * Print a storage class.
1273  *
1274  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1275  */
1276 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1277 {
1278         switch (storage_class) {
1279         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1280         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  fputs("typedef ",  out); return;
1281         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   fputs("extern ",   out); return;
1282         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   fputs("static ",   out); return;
1283         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     fputs("auto ",     out); return;
1284         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: fputs("register ", out); return;
1285         }
1286         panic("invalid storage class");
1287 }
1288
1289 /**
1290  * Print an initializer.
1291  *
1292  * @param initializer  the initializer
1293  */
1294 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1295 {
1296         if (initializer == NULL) {
1297                 fputs("{}", out);
1298                 return;
1299         }
1300
1301         switch (initializer->kind) {
1302         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1303                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1304                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1305                 return;
1306         }
1307         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1308                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1309                 fputs("{ ", out);
1310                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1311
1312                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1313                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1314                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1315                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1316                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1317                                         fputs(", ", out);
1318                         }
1319                 }
1320                 fputs(" }", out);
1321                 return;
1322         }
1323         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1324                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1325                 return;
1326         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1327                 print_quoted_wide_string(&initializer->wide_string.string, '"', 1);
1328                 return;
1329         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1330                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1331                 fputs(" = ", out);
1332                 return;
1333         }
1334
1335         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1336 }
1337
1338 /**
1339  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1340  */
1341 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1342 {
1343         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1344                 return;
1345
1346         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1347
1348         bool        ds_shown = false;
1349         const char *next     = "(";
1350
1351         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1352                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1353                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1354                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1355                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1356                         if (!ds_shown) {
1357                                 fputs("__declspec", out);
1358                                 ds_shown = true;
1359                         }
1360
1361                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1362                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fprintf(out, "align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1363                         }
1364                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1365                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1366                                 char *comma = "";
1367                                 fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("property(", out);
1368                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1369                                         fprintf(out, "get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1370                                         comma = ", ";
1371                                 }
1372                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1373                                         fprintf(out, "%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1374                                 fputc(')', out);
1375                         }
1376                 }
1377         }
1378
1379         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1380         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1381                 if (!ds_shown) {
1382                         fputs("__declspec", out);
1383                         ds_shown = true;
1384                 }
1385                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1386                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllimport", out);
1387                 }
1388                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1389                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("dllexport", out);
1390                 }
1391                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1392                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1393                 }
1394                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1395                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("naked", out);
1396                 }
1397                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1398                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("thread", out);
1399                 }
1400                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1401                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("selectany", out);
1402                 }
1403                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1404                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("nothrow", out);
1405                 }
1406                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1407                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noreturn", out);
1408                 }
1409                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1410                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noinline", out);
1411                 }
1412                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1413                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("deprecated", out);
1414                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1415                                 fprintf(out, "(\"%s\")",
1416                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1417                 }
1418                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1419                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("restrict", out);
1420                 }
1421                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1422                         fputs(next, out); next = ", "; fputs("noalias", out);
1423                 }
1424         }
1425
1426         if (ds_shown)
1427                 fputs(") ", out);
1428 }
1429
1430 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1431 {
1432         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1433         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1434                 print_indent();
1435                 print_entity(entity);
1436                 fputs("\n", out);
1437         }
1438 }
1439
1440 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1441 {
1442         fputs("namespace ", out);
1443         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1444                 fputs(namespace->base.symbol->string, out);
1445                 fputc(' ', out);
1446         }
1447
1448         fputs("{\n", out);
1449         ++indent;
1450
1451         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1452
1453         --indent;
1454         print_indent();
1455         fputs("}\n", out);
1456 }
1457
1458 /**
1459  * Print a variable or function declaration
1460  */
1461 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1462 {
1463         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1464         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1465
1466         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1467         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1468                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1469                 if (function->is_inline) {
1470                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1471                                 fputs("__forceinline ", out);
1472                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1473                                 fputs("__inline ", out);
1474                         } else {
1475                                 fputs("inline ", out);
1476                         }
1477                 }
1478         }
1479         print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1480         switch (entity->kind) {
1481                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1482                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1483                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1484
1485                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1486                                 fputc('\n', out);
1487                                 print_indent();
1488                                 print_statement(entity->function.statement);
1489                                 return;
1490                         }
1491                         break;
1492
1493                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1494                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1495                                 fputs("__thread ", out);
1496                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1497                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1498                                 fputs(" = ", out);
1499                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1500                         }
1501                         break;
1502
1503                 default:
1504                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1505                         break;
1506         }
1507         fputc(';', out);
1508 }
1509
1510 /**
1511  * Prints an expression.
1512  *
1513  * @param expression  the expression
1514  */
1515 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1516 {
1517         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1518 }
1519
1520 /**
1521  * Print a declaration.
1522  *
1523  * @param declaration  the declaration
1524  */
1525 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1526 {
1527         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1528                 return;
1529
1530         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1531         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1532         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1533         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1534         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1535                 print_declaration(entity);
1536                 return;
1537         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1538                 print_typedef(entity);
1539                 return;
1540         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1541                 fputs("struct ", out);
1542                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1543                 if (entity->structe.complete) {
1544                         fputc(' ', out);
1545                         print_compound_definition(&entity->structe);
1546                 }
1547                 fputc(';', out);
1548                 return;
1549         case ENTITY_UNION:
1550                 fputs("union ", out);
1551                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1552                 if (entity->unione.complete) {
1553                         fputc(' ', out);
1554                         print_compound_definition(&entity->unione);
1555                 }
1556                 fputc(';', out);
1557                 return;
1558         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1559                 fputs("enum ", out);
1560                 fputs(entity->base.symbol->string, out);
1561                 fputc(' ', out);
1562                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1563                 fputc(';', out);
1564                 return;
1565         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1566                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1567                 return;
1568         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1569                 fprintf(out, "__label__ %s;", entity->base.symbol->string);
1570                 return;
1571         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1572         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1573                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1574         case ENTITY_INVALID:
1575                 break;
1576         }
1577         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1578 }
1579
1580 /**
1581  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1582  *
1583  * @param unit   the translation unit
1584  */
1585 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1586 {
1587         inc_type_visited();
1588
1589         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1590         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1591                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1592                         continue;
1593                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1594                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1595                         continue;
1596                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1597                         continue;
1598
1599                 print_indent();
1600                 print_entity(entity);
1601                 fputc('\n', out);
1602         }
1603 }
1604
1605 bool is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1606 {
1607         switch (initializer->kind) {
1608         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1609         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1610         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1611                 return true;
1612
1613         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1614                 return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
1615
1616         case INITIALIZER_LIST:
1617                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1618                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1619                         if (!is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer))
1620                                 return false;
1621                 }
1622                 return true;
1623         }
1624         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1625 }
1626
1627 static bool is_object_with_linker_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1628 {
1629         switch (expression->kind) {
1630         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1631                 return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1632
1633         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1634                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1635                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1636                         /* it's a -> */
1637                         return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
1638                 } else {
1639                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1640                 }
1641         }
1642
1643         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1644                 return is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index)
1645                         && is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1646
1647         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1648                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1649                 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
1650                         switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1651                         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1652                         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1653                         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1654                                 return
1655                                         entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1656                                         !entity->variable.thread_local;
1657
1658                         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1659                         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1660                         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1661                                 break;
1662                         }
1663                 }
1664                 return false;
1665         }
1666
1667         default:
1668                 return false;
1669         }
1670 }
1671
1672 bool is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1673 {
1674         switch (expression->kind) {
1675         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1676                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1677
1678         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1679                 type_t *real_type
1680                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1681                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1682                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1683                         return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1684                 }
1685                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1686         }
1687
1688         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1689                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1690                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1691                         dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1692                         !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1693                         get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_atomic_type_size(get_intptr_kind())
1694                     ))
1695                         return false;
1696
1697                 return (is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value)
1698                         || is_address_constant(expression->unary.value));
1699         }
1700
1701         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1702         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1703                 expression_t *left  = expression->binary.left;
1704                 expression_t *right = expression->binary.right;
1705
1706                 if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(left->base.type))) {
1707                         return is_address_constant(left) && is_constant_expression(right);
1708                 } else if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(right->base.type))) {
1709                         return is_constant_expression(left)     && is_address_constant(right);
1710                 }
1711
1712                 return false;
1713         }
1714
1715         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1716                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1717                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1718                         return false;
1719
1720                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1721                 if (is_type_function(type))
1722                         return true;
1723                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1724                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1725                 }
1726                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1727                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1728                         return true;
1729                 return false;
1730         }
1731
1732         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1733                 type_t *const type =
1734                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1735                 return
1736                         is_type_array(type)                                    &&
1737                         is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index) &&
1738                         is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1739         }
1740
1741         default:
1742                 return false;
1743         }
1744 }
1745
1746 /**
1747  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1748  * returning a constant result.
1749  */
1750 static bool is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1751 {
1752         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1753         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1754                 return false;
1755         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1756         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1757                 return false;
1758
1759         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1760         case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_val:
1761         case bk_gnu_builtin_inf:
1762         case bk_gnu_builtin_inff:
1763         case bk_gnu_builtin_infl:
1764         case bk_gnu_builtin_nan:
1765         case bk_gnu_builtin_nanf:
1766         case bk_gnu_builtin_nanl:
1767                 return true;
1768         default:
1769                 return false;
1770         }
1771
1772 }
1773
1774 static bool is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1775 {
1776         if (is_constant_expression(expression))
1777                 return true;
1778
1779         switch (expression->kind) {
1780         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1781                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1782         default:
1783                 return false;
1784         }
1785 }
1786
1787 static bool is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1788 {
1789         switch (expression->kind) {
1790         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1791                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1792                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1793                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1794                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1795                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1796                 } else {
1797                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1798                 }
1799         }
1800
1801         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1802                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1803                         &expression->array_access;
1804                 return
1805                         is_constant_expression(array_access->index) && (
1806                                 is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref) ||
1807                                 is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref)
1808                         );
1809         }
1810
1811         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1812                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1813         default:
1814                 return false;
1815         }
1816 }
1817
1818 bool is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1819 {
1820         switch (expression->kind) {
1821
1822         case EXPR_CONST:
1823         case EXPR_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1824         case EXPR_WIDE_CHARACTER_CONSTANT:
1825         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1826         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1827         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1828         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1829         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1830         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1831         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1832         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1833         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1834         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
1835                 return true;
1836
1837         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1838                 type_t *type = expression->typeprop.type;
1839                 if (type == NULL)
1840                         type = expression->typeprop.tp_expression->base.type;
1841
1842                 type = skip_typeref(type);
1843                 if (is_type_array(type) && type->array.is_vla)
1844                         return false;
1845                 return true;
1846         }
1847
1848         case EXPR_SELECT:
1849         case EXPR_VA_START:
1850         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1851         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1852         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
1853         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1854         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1855         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1856         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1857         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1858         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1859         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1860         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1861         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1862         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1863         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1864         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1865         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1866         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1867         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1868         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1869         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1870         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1871         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1872         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1873         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1874         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1875                 return false;
1876
1877         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1878                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1879
1880         case EXPR_CALL:
1881                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1882
1883         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1884         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1885         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1886         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1887                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1888
1889         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1890         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
1891                 return is_type_arithmetic(skip_typeref(expression->base.type))
1892                         && is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1893
1894         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1895         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1896         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1897         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1898         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1899         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1900         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1901         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1902         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1903         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1904         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1905         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1906         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1907         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1908         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1909         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1910         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1911         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1912         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1913         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1914         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1915         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED:
1916                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left)
1917                         && is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1918
1919         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1920                 expression_t const *const left = expression->binary.left;
1921                 if (!is_constant_expression(left))
1922                         return false;
1923                 if (fold_constant(left) == 0)
1924                         return true;
1925                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1926         }
1927
1928         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1929                 expression_t const *const left = expression->binary.left;
1930                 if (!is_constant_expression(left))
1931                         return false;
1932                 if (fold_constant(left) != 0)
1933                         return true;
1934                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1935         }
1936
1937         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1938                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1939
1940         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1941                 expression_t *condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1942                 if (!is_constant_expression(condition))
1943                         return false;
1944
1945                 long val = fold_constant(condition);
1946                 if (val != 0) {
1947                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1948                         return t == NULL || is_constant_expression(t);
1949                 } else {
1950                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1951                 }
1952         }
1953
1954         case EXPR_INVALID:
1955                 return true;
1956
1957         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
1958                 break;
1959         }
1960         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1961 }
1962
1963 /**
1964  * Initialize the AST construction.
1965  */
1966 void init_ast(void)
1967 {
1968         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1969 }
1970
1971 /**
1972  * Free the AST.
1973  */
1974 void exit_ast(void)
1975 {
1976         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1977 }
1978
1979 /**
1980  * Set the output stream for the AST printer.
1981  *
1982  * @param stream  the output stream
1983  */
1984 void ast_set_output(FILE *stream)
1985 {
1986         out = stream;
1987         type_set_output(stream);
1988 }
1989
1990 /**
1991  * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
1992  *
1993  * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
1994  *
1995  * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
1996  */
1997 void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
1998 {
1999         return _allocate_ast(size);
2000 }