nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "types.h"
  30
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <ctype.h>
  35
  36 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  37 #include <mathimf.h>
  38 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  39 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  40 #else
  41 #include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "adt/error.h"
  45 #include "adt/util.h"
  46
  47 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  48
  49 static int indent;
  50
  51 /** If set, implicit casts are printed. */
  52 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  53
  54 /** If set parenthesis are printed to indicate operator precedence. */
  55 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  56
  57 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  58 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  59
  60 void change_indent(int delta)
  61 {
  62         indent += delta;
  63         assert(indent >= 0);
  64 }
  65
  66 void print_indent(void)
  67 {
  68         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  69                 print_string("\t");
  70 }
  71
  72 static void print_symbol(const symbol_t *symbol)
  73 {
  74         print_string(symbol->string);
  75 }
  76
  77 static void print_stringrep(const string_t *string)
  78 {
  79         for (size_t i = 0; i < string->size; ++i) {
  80                 print_char(string->begin[i]);
  81         }
  82 }
  83
  84 /**
  85  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  86  * associativity, else 0.
  87  *
  88  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  89  */
  90 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  91 {
  92         switch (precedence) {
  93         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  94         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  95         case PREC_UNARY:
  96                 return 1;
  97
  98         default:
  99                 return 0;
 100         }
 101 }
 102
 103 /**
 104  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
 105  *
 106  * @param kind   the expression kind
 107  */
 108 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
 109 {
 110         static const unsigned prec[] = {
 111                 [EXPR_UNKNOWN]                           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 112                 [EXPR_INVALID]                           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 113                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 114                 [EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 115                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 116                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 117                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 118                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 119                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 120                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]                 = PREC_PRIMARY,
 121                 [EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 122                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 123                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 125                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 126                 [EXPR_CALL]                              = PREC_POSTFIX,
 127                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                       = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 128                 [EXPR_SELECT]                            = PREC_POSTFIX,
 129                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]                      = PREC_POSTFIX,
 130                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                            = PREC_UNARY,
 131                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 132                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                           = PREC_UNARY,
 133
 134                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 135                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]                = PREC_PRIMARY,
 136                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 137                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 138                 [EXPR_VA_START]                          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 139                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 140                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 141                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 142                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 143
 144                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]                      = PREC_UNARY,
 145                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                        = PREC_UNARY,
 146                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 147                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                         = PREC_UNARY,
 148                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 149                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]                = PREC_UNARY,
 150                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]           = PREC_POSTFIX,
 151                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]           = PREC_POSTFIX,
 152                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]            = PREC_UNARY,
 153                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]            = PREC_UNARY,
 154                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                        = PREC_UNARY,
 155                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT]               = PREC_UNARY,
 156                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 157                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]                      = PREC_UNARY,
 158                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]                = PREC_UNARY,
 159                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                       = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 160
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                        = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                        = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                        = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]                      = PREC_EQUALITY,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]                   = PREC_EQUALITY,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                       = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]                  = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]                    = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]               = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]                = PREC_AND,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]                 = PREC_OR,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]                = PREC_XOR,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]                = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]                 = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]                  = PREC_SHIFT,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]                 = PREC_SHIFT,
 179                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]                     = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 180                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 181                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 182                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 183                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 184                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]                 = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 185                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]           = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 186                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 187                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 188                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]         = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 189                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 190                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]                      = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 191
 192                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 193                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 194                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 195                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]                = PREC_PRIMARY,
 196                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 197                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]                = PREC_PRIMARY
 198         };
 199         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 200         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 201
 202         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 203         return res;
 204 }
 205
 206 /**
 207  * Print a quoted string constant.
 208  *
 209  * @param string  the string constant
 210  * @param border  the border char
 211  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 212  */
 213 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border,
 214                                 int skip)
 215 {
 216         print_char(border);
 217         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 218         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 219                 unsigned char const tc = *c;
 220                 if (tc == border) {
 221                         print_string("\\");
 222                 }
 223                 switch (tc) {
 224                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 225                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 226                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 227                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 228                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 229                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 230                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 231                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 232                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 233                 case 27:
 234                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 235                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 236                         }
 237                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 238                 default:
 239                         if (tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 240                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 241                         } else {
 242                                 print_char(tc);
 243                         }
 244                         break;
 245                 }
 246         }
 247         print_char(border);
 248 }
 249
 250 static void print_string_literal(const string_literal_expression_t *literal)
 251 {
 252         if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL) {
 253                 print_char('L');
 254         }
 255         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '"', 1);
 256 }
 257
 258 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 259 {
 260         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 261         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 262                 print_string("__noop");
 263                 return;
 264         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_HEXADECIMAL:
 265         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT_HEXADECIMAL:
 266                 print_string("0x");
 267                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 268         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 269         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 270         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER_OCTAL:
 271         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 272                 print_stringrep(&literal->value);
 273                 if (literal->suffix != NULL)
 274                         print_symbol(literal->suffix);
 275                 return;
 276         case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
 277                 print_char('L');
 278                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 279         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 280                 print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '\'', 0);
 281                 return;
 282         default:
 283                 break;
 284         }
 285         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 286 }
 287
 288 /**
 289  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 290  */
 291 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 292 {
 293         const char *s = "";
 294         switch (funcname->kind) {
 295         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 296         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 297         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 298         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 299         }
 300         print_string(s);
 301 }
 302
 303 static void print_compound_literal(
 304                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 305 {
 306         print_string("(");
 307         print_type(expression->type);
 308         print_string(")");
 309         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 310 }
 311
 312 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 313 {
 314         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 315 }
 316
 317 /**
 318  * Prints a call expression.
 319  *
 320  * @param call  the call expression
 321  */
 322 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 323 {
 324         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 325         print_string("(");
 326         call_argument_t *argument = call->arguments;
 327         int              first    = 1;
 328         while (argument != NULL) {
 329                 if (!first) {
 330                         print_string(", ");
 331                 } else {
 332                         first = 0;
 333                 }
 334                 print_assignment_expression(argument->expression);
 335
 336                 argument = argument->next;
 337         }
 338         print_string(")");
 339 }
 340
 341 /**
 342  * Prints a binary expression.
 343  *
 344  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 345  */
 346 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 347 {
 348         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 349         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 350
 351         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 352         char const* op;
 353         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 354         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 355         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 356         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 357         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 358         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 359         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 360         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 361         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 362         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 363         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 364         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 365         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 366         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 367         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 368         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 369         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 370         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 371         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 372         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 373         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 374
 375         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 376         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 377         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 378         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 379         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 380         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 381         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 382         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 383         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 384         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 385         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 386         }
 387         print_string(op);
 388         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 389 }
 390
 391 /**
 392  * Prints an unary expression.
 393  *
 394  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 395  */
 396 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 397 {
 398         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 399         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 400         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_string("-"); break;
 401         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_string("+"); break;
 402         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_string("!"); break;
 403         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_string("~"); break;
 404         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 405         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 406         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_string("*"); break;
 407         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_string("&"); break;
 408         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 409         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 410
 411         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 412                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 413                 print_string("++");
 414                 return;
 415         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 416                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 417                 print_string("--");
 418                 return;
 419         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT:
 420         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 421                 print_string("(");
 422                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 423                 print_string(")");
 424                 break;
 425         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 426                 print_string("__assume(");
 427                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 428                 print_string(")");
 429                 return;
 430
 431         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 432                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 433                         print_string("throw");
 434                         return;
 435                 }
 436                 print_string("throw ");
 437                 break;
 438
 439         default:
 440                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 441         }
 442         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 443 }
 444
 445 /**
 446  * Prints a reference expression.
 447  *
 448  * @param ref   the reference expression
 449  */
 450 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 451 {
 452         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 453 }
 454
 455 /**
 456  * Prints a label address expression.
 457  *
 458  * @param ref   the reference expression
 459  */
 460 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 461 {
 462         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 463 }
 464
 465 /**
 466  * Prints an array expression.
 467  *
 468  * @param expression   the array expression
 469  */
 470 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 471 {
 472         if (!expression->flipped) {
 473                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 474                 print_string("[");
 475                 print_expression(expression->index);
 476                 print_string("]");
 477         } else {
 478                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 479                 print_string("[");
 480                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 481                 print_string("]");
 482         }
 483 }
 484
 485 /**
 486  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 487  *
 488  * @param expression   the type property expression
 489  */
 490 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 491 {
 492         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 493                 print_string("sizeof");
 494         } else {
 495                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 496                 print_string("__alignof__");
 497         }
 498         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 499                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 500                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 501         } else {
 502                 print_string("(");
 503                 print_type(expression->type);
 504                 print_string(")");
 505         }
 506 }
 507
 508 /**
 509  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 510  *
 511  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 512  */
 513 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 514 {
 515         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 516         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 517         print_string(")");
 518 }
 519
 520 /**
 521  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 522  *
 523  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 524  */
 525 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 526                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 527 {
 528         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 529         print_type(expression->left);
 530         print_string(", ");
 531         print_type(expression->right);
 532         print_string(")");
 533 }
 534
 535 /**
 536  * Prints a conditional expression.
 537  *
 538  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 539  */
 540 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 541 {
 542         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 543         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 544                 print_string(" ? ");
 545                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 546                 print_string(" : ");
 547         } else {
 548                 print_string(" ?: ");
 549         }
 550         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 551         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 552 }
 553
 554 /**
 555  * Prints a va_start expression.
 556  *
 557  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 558  */
 559 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 560 {
 561         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 562         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 563         print_string(", ");
 564         print_string(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string);
 565         print_string(")");
 566 }
 567
 568 /**
 569  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 570  *
 571  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 572  */
 573 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 574 {
 575         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 576         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 577         print_string(", ");
 578         print_type(expression->base.type);
 579         print_string(")");
 580 }
 581
 582 /**
 583  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 584  *
 585  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 586  */
 587 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 588 {
 589         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 590         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 591         print_string(", ");
 592         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 593         print_string(")");
 594 }
 595
 596 /**
 597  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 598  *
 599  * @param expression   the select expression
 600  */
 601 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 602 {
 603         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 604         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 605                 print_string("->");
 606         } else {
 607                 print_string(".");
 608         }
 609         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 610 }
 611
 612 /**
 613  * Prints a type classify expression.
 614  *
 615  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 616  */
 617 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 618         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 619 {
 620         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 621         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 622         print_string(")");
 623 }
 624
 625 /**
 626  * Prints a designator.
 627  *
 628  * @param designator  the designator
 629  */
 630 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 631 {
 632         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 633                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 634                         print_string("[");
 635                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 636                         print_string("]");
 637                 } else {
 638                         print_string(".");
 639                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 640                 }
 641         }
 642 }
 643
 644 /**
 645  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 646  *
 647  * @param expression   the offset expression
 648  */
 649 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 650 {
 651         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 652         print_type(expression->type);
 653         print_string(",");
 654         print_designator(expression->designator);
 655         print_string(")");
 656 }
 657
 658 /**
 659  * Prints a statement expression.
 660  *
 661  * @param expression   the statement expression
 662  */
 663 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 664 {
 665         print_string("(");
 666         print_statement(expression->statement);
 667         print_string(")");
 668 }
 669
 670 /**
 671  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 672  *
 673  * @param expression  the expression to print
 674  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 675  */
 676 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned top_prec)
 677 {
 678         if (expression->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT && !print_implicit_casts) {
 679                 expression = expression->unary.value;
 680         }
 681
 682         bool parenthesized =
 683                 expression->base.parenthesized                 ||
 684                 (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) ||
 685                 top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expression->base.kind);
 686
 687         if (parenthesized)
 688                 print_string("(");
 689         switch (expression->kind) {
 690         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
 691         case EXPR_INVALID:
 692                 print_string("$invalid expression$");
 693                 break;
 694         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
 695         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 696                 print_string_literal(&expression->string_literal);
 697                 break;
 698         EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
 699                 print_literal(&expression->literal);
 700                 break;
 701         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
 702                 print_funcname(&expression->funcname);
 703                 break;
 704         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
 705                 print_compound_literal(&expression->compound_literal);
 706                 break;
 707         case EXPR_CALL:
 708                 print_call_expression(&expression->call);
 709                 break;
 710         EXPR_BINARY_CASES
 711                 print_binary_expression(&expression->binary);
 712                 break;
 713         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 714         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
 715                 print_reference_expression(&expression->reference);
 716                 break;
 717         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
 718                 print_array_expression(&expression->array_access);
 719                 break;
 720         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
 721                 print_label_address_expression(&expression->label_address);
 722                 break;
 723         EXPR_UNARY_CASES
 724                 print_unary_expression(&expression->unary);
 725                 break;
 726         case EXPR_SIZEOF:
 727         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 728                 print_typeprop_expression(&expression->typeprop);
 729                 break;
 730         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
 731                 print_builtin_constant(&expression->builtin_constant);
 732                 break;
 733         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
 734                 print_builtin_types_compatible(&expression->builtin_types_compatible);
 735                 break;
 736         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:
 737                 print_conditional(&expression->conditional);
 738                 break;
 739         case EXPR_VA_START:
 740                 print_va_start(&expression->va_starte);
 741                 break;
 742         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
 743                 print_va_arg(&expression->va_arge);
 744                 break;
 745         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
 746                 print_va_copy(&expression->va_copye);
 747                 break;
 748         case EXPR_SELECT:
 749                 print_select(&expression->select);
 750                 break;
 751         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
 752                 print_classify_type_expression(&expression->classify_type);
 753                 break;
 754         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
 755                 print_offsetof_expression(&expression->offsetofe);
 756                 break;
 757         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
 758                 print_statement_expression(&expression->statement);
 759                 break;
 760
 761 #if 0
 762         default:
 763                 /* TODO */
 764                 print_format("some expression of type %d", (int)expression->kind);
 765                 break;
 766 #endif
 767         }
 768         if (parenthesized)
 769                 print_string(")");
 770 }
 771
 772 /**
 773  * Print an compound statement.
 774  *
 775  * @param block  the compound statement
 776  */
 777 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 778 {
 779         print_string("{\n");
 780         ++indent;
 781
 782         statement_t *statement = block->statements;
 783         while (statement != NULL) {
 784                 if (statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL)
 785                         --indent;
 786                 if (statement->kind != STATEMENT_LABEL)
 787                         print_indent();
 788                 print_statement(statement);
 789
 790                 statement = statement->base.next;
 791         }
 792         --indent;
 793         print_indent();
 794         print_string(block->stmt_expr ? "}" : "}\n");
 795 }
 796
 797 /**
 798  * Print a return statement.
 799  *
 800  * @param statement  the return statement
 801  */
 802 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 803 {
 804         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 805         if (val != NULL) {
 806                 print_string("return ");
 807                 print_expression(val);
 808                 print_string(";\n");
 809         } else {
 810                 print_string("return;\n");
 811         }
 812 }
 813
 814 /**
 815  * Print an expression statement.
 816  *
 817  * @param statement  the expression statement
 818  */
 819 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 820 {
 821         print_expression(statement->expression);
 822         print_string(";\n");
 823 }
 824
 825 /**
 826  * Print a goto statement.
 827  *
 828  * @param statement  the goto statement
 829  */
 830 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 831 {
 832         print_string("goto ");
 833         if (statement->expression != NULL) {
 834                 print_string("*");
 835                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 836         } else {
 837                 print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 838         }
 839         print_string(";\n");
 840 }
 841
 842 /**
 843  * Print a label statement.
 844  *
 845  * @param statement  the label statement
 846  */
 847 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 848 {
 849         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 850         print_indent();
 851         print_statement(statement->statement);
 852 }
 853
 854 /**
 855  * Print an if statement.
 856  *
 857  * @param statement  the if statement
 858  */
 859 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 860 {
 861         print_string("if (");
 862         print_expression(statement->condition);
 863         print_string(") ");
 864         print_statement(statement->true_statement);
 865
 866         if (statement->false_statement != NULL) {
 867                 print_indent();
 868                 print_string("else ");
 869                 print_statement(statement->false_statement);
 870         }
 871 }
 872
 873 /**
 874  * Print a switch statement.
 875  *
 876  * @param statement  the switch statement
 877  */
 878 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 879 {
 880         print_string("switch (");
 881         print_expression(statement->expression);
 882         print_string(") ");
 883         print_statement(statement->body);
 884 }
 885
 886 /**
 887  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 888  *
 889  * @param statement  the case label statement
 890  */
 891 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 892 {
 893         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 894                 print_string("default:\n");
 895         } else {
 896                 print_string("case ");
 897                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 898                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 899                         print_string(" ... ");
 900                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 901                 }
 902                 print_string(":\n");
 903         }
 904         ++indent;
 905         if (statement->statement != NULL) {
 906                 if (statement->statement->base.kind == STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL) {
 907                         --indent;
 908                 }
 909                 print_indent();
 910                 print_statement(statement->statement);
 911         }
 912 }
 913
 914 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 915 {
 916         print_string("typedef ");
 917         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 918         print_string(";");
 919 }
 920
 921 /**
 922  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 923  * correspondenc in the source file
 924  */
 925 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 926 {
 927         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 928                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 929
 930         if (is_declaration(entity))
 931                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 932
 933         return false;
 934 }
 935
 936 /**
 937  * Print a declaration statement.
 938  *
 939  * @param statement   the statement
 940  */
 941 static void print_declaration_statement(
 942                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 943 {
 944         bool first = true;
 945         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 946         if (entity == NULL) {
 947                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */\n");
 948                 return;
 949         }
 950
 951         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 952         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 953                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 954                         continue;
 955                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 956                         continue;
 957
 958                 if (!first) {
 959                         print_indent();
 960                 } else {
 961                         first = false;
 962                 }
 963
 964                 print_entity(entity);
 965                 print_string("\n");
 966         }
 967 }
 968
 969 /**
 970  * Print a while statement.
 971  *
 972  * @param statement   the statement
 973  */
 974 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 975 {
 976         print_string("while (");
 977         print_expression(statement->condition);
 978         print_string(") ");
 979         print_statement(statement->body);
 980 }
 981
 982 /**
 983  * Print a do-while statement.
 984  *
 985  * @param statement   the statement
 986  */
 987 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 988 {
 989         print_string("do ");
 990         print_statement(statement->body);
 991         print_indent();
 992         print_string("while (");
 993         print_expression(statement->condition);
 994         print_string(");\n");
 995 }
 996
 997 /**
 998  * Print a for statement.
 999  *
1000  * @param statement   the statement
1001  */
1002 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
1003 {
1004         print_string("for (");
1005         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
1006                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
1007                 print_string(";");
1008         } else {
1009                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
1010                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1011                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1012                                 continue;
1013                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
1014                         print_declaration(entity);
1015                 }
1016         }
1017         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
1018                 print_string(" ");
1019                 print_expression(statement->condition);
1020         }
1021         print_string(";");
1022         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1023                 print_string(" ");
1024                 print_expression(statement->step);
1025         }
1026         print_string(") ");
1027         print_statement(statement->body);
1028 }
1029
1030 /**
1031  * Print assembler arguments.
1032  *
1033  * @param arguments   the arguments
1034  */
1035 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1036 {
1037         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1038         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1039                 if (argument != arguments)
1040                         print_string(", ");
1041
1042                 if (argument->symbol) {
1043                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1044                 }
1045                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1046                 print_string(" (");
1047                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1048                 print_string(")");
1049         }
1050 }
1051
1052 /**
1053  * Print assembler clobbers.
1054  *
1055  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1056  */
1057 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1058 {
1059         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1060         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1061                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1062                         print_string(", ");
1063
1064                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1065         }
1066 }
1067
1068 /**
1069  * Print an assembler statement.
1070  *
1071  * @param statement   the statement
1072  */
1073 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1074 {
1075         print_string("asm ");
1076         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1077                 print_string("volatile ");
1078         }
1079         print_string("(");
1080         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1081         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1082             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1083             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1084                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1085
1086         print_string(" : ");
1087         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1088         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1089                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1090
1091         print_string(" : ");
1092         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1093         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1094                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1095
1096         print_string(" : ");
1097         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1098
1099 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1100         print_string(");\n");
1101 }
1102
1103 /**
1104  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1105  *
1106  * @param statement   the statement
1107  */
1108 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1109 {
1110         print_string("__try ");
1111         print_statement(statement->try_statement);
1112         print_indent();
1113         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1114                 print_string("__except(");
1115                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1116                 print_string(") ");
1117         } else {
1118                 print_string("__finally ");
1119         }
1120         print_statement(statement->final_statement);
1121 }
1122
1123 /**
1124  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1125  *
1126  * @param statement   the statement
1127  */
1128 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1129 {
1130         (void)statement;
1131         print_string("__leave;\n");
1132 }
1133
1134 /**
1135  * Print a statement.
1136  *
1137  * @param statement   the statement
1138  */
1139 void print_statement(const statement_t *statement)
1140 {
1141         switch (statement->kind) {
1142         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:
1143                 print_string(";\n");
1144                 break;
1145         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:
1146                 print_compound_statement(&statement->compound);
1147                 break;
1148         case STATEMENT_RETURN:
1149                 print_return_statement(&statement->returns);
1150                 break;
1151         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:
1152                 print_expression_statement(&statement->expression);
1153                 break;
1154         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
1155                 print_label_statement(&statement->label);
1156                 break;
1157         case STATEMENT_GOTO:
1158                 print_goto_statement(&statement->gotos);
1159                 break;
1160         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:
1161                 print_string("continue;\n");
1162                 break;
1163         case STATEMENT_BREAK:
1164                 print_string("break;\n");
1165                 break;
1166         case STATEMENT_IF:
1167                 print_if_statement(&statement->ifs);
1168                 break;
1169         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:
1170                 print_switch_statement(&statement->switchs);
1171                 break;
1172         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
1173                 print_case_label(&statement->case_label);
1174                 break;
1175         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:
1176                 print_declaration_statement(&statement->declaration);
1177                 break;
1178         case STATEMENT_WHILE:
1179                 print_while_statement(&statement->whiles);
1180                 break;
1181         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:
1182                 print_do_while_statement(&statement->do_while);
1183                 break;
1184         case STATEMENT_FOR:
1185                 print_for_statement(&statement->fors);
1186                 break;
1187         case STATEMENT_ASM:
1188                 print_asm_statement(&statement->asms);
1189                 break;
1190         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:
1191                 print_ms_try_statement(&statement->ms_try);
1192                 break;
1193         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:
1194                 print_leave_statement(&statement->leave);
1195                 break;
1196         case STATEMENT_INVALID:
1197                 print_string("$invalid statement$\n");
1198                 break;
1199         }
1200 }
1201
1202 /**
1203  * Print a storage class.
1204  *
1205  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1206  */
1207 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1208 {
1209         switch (storage_class) {
1210         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1211         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1212         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1213         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1214         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1215         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1216         }
1217         panic("invalid storage class");
1218 }
1219
1220 /**
1221  * Print an initializer.
1222  *
1223  * @param initializer  the initializer
1224  */
1225 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1226 {
1227         if (initializer == NULL) {
1228                 print_string("{}");
1229                 return;
1230         }
1231
1232         switch (initializer->kind) {
1233         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1234                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1235                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1236                 return;
1237         }
1238         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1239                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1240                 print_string("{ ");
1241                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1242
1243                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1244                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1245                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1246                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1247                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1248                                         print_string(", ");
1249                         }
1250                 }
1251                 print_string(" }");
1252                 return;
1253         }
1254         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1255                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1256                 return;
1257         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1258                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1259                 return;
1260         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1261                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1262                 print_string(" = ");
1263                 return;
1264         }
1265
1266         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1267 }
1268
1269 #if 0
1270 /**
1271  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1272  */
1273 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1274 {
1275         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1276                 return;
1277
1278         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1279
1280         bool        ds_shown = false;
1281         const char *next     = "(";
1282
1283         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1284                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1285                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1286                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1287                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1288                         if (!ds_shown) {
1289                                 print_string("__declspec");
1290                                 ds_shown = true;
1291                         }
1292
1293                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1294                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_format("align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1295                         }
1296                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1297                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1298                                 char *comma = "";
1299                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("property(");
1300                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1301                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1302                                         comma = ", ";
1303                                 }
1304                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1305                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1306                                 print_string(")");
1307                         }
1308                 }
1309         }
1310
1311         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1312         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1313                 if (!ds_shown) {
1314                         print_string("__declspec");
1315                         ds_shown = true;
1316                 }
1317                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1318                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllimport");
1319                 }
1320                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1321                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllexport");
1322                 }
1323                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1324                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1325                 }
1326                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1327                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("naked");
1328                 }
1329                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1330                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1331                 }
1332                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1333                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("selectany");
1334                 }
1335                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1336                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("nothrow");
1337                 }
1338                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1339                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noreturn");
1340                 }
1341                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1342                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noinline");
1343                 }
1344                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1345                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("deprecated");
1346                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1347                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1348                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1349                 }
1350                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1351                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("restrict");
1352                 }
1353                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1354                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noalias");
1355                 }
1356         }
1357
1358         if (ds_shown)
1359                 print_string(") ");
1360 }
1361 #endif
1362
1363 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1364 {
1365         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1366         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1367                 print_indent();
1368                 print_entity(entity);
1369                 print_string("\n");
1370         }
1371 }
1372
1373 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1374 {
1375         print_string("namespace ");
1376         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1377                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1378                 print_string(" ");
1379         }
1380
1381         print_string("{\n");
1382         ++indent;
1383
1384         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1385
1386         --indent;
1387         print_indent();
1388         print_string("}\n");
1389 }
1390
1391 /**
1392  * Print a variable or function declaration
1393  */
1394 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1395 {
1396         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1397         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1398
1399         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1400         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1401                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1402                 if (function->is_inline) {
1403                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1404                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1405                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1406                                 print_string("__inline ");
1407                         } else {
1408                                 print_string("inline ");
1409                         }
1410                 }
1411         }
1412         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1413         switch (entity->kind) {
1414                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1415                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1416                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1417
1418                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1419                                 print_string("\n");
1420                                 print_indent();
1421                                 print_statement(entity->function.statement);
1422                                 return;
1423                         }
1424                         break;
1425
1426                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1427                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1428                                 print_string("__thread ");
1429                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1430                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1431                                 print_string(" = ");
1432                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1433                         }
1434                         break;
1435
1436                 default:
1437                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1438                         break;
1439         }
1440         print_string(";");
1441 }
1442
1443 /**
1444  * Prints an expression.
1445  *
1446  * @param expression  the expression
1447  */
1448 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1449 {
1450         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1451 }
1452
1453 /**
1454  * Print a declaration.
1455  *
1456  * @param declaration  the declaration
1457  */
1458 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1459 {
1460         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1461                 return;
1462
1463         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1464         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1465         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1466         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1467         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1468                 print_declaration(entity);
1469                 return;
1470         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1471                 print_typedef(entity);
1472                 return;
1473         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1474                 /* TODO */
1475                 print_string("class ");
1476                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1477                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1478                 return;
1479         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1480                 print_string("struct ");
1481                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1482                 if (entity->structe.complete) {
1483                         print_string(" ");
1484                         print_compound_definition(&entity->structe);
1485                 }
1486                 print_string(";");
1487                 return;
1488         case ENTITY_UNION:
1489                 print_string("union ");
1490                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1491                 if (entity->unione.complete) {
1492                         print_string(" ");
1493                         print_compound_definition(&entity->unione);
1494                 }
1495                 print_string(";");
1496                 return;
1497         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1498                 print_string("enum ");
1499                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1500                 print_string(" ");
1501                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1502                 print_string(";");
1503                 return;
1504         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1505                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1506                 return;
1507         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1508                 print_string("__label__ ");
1509                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1510                 print_string(";");
1511                 return;
1512         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1513         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1514                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1515         case ENTITY_INVALID:
1516                 break;
1517         }
1518         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1519 }
1520
1521 /**
1522  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1523  *
1524  * @param unit   the translation unit
1525  */
1526 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1527 {
1528         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1529         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1530                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1531                         continue;
1532                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1533                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1534                         continue;
1535                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1536                         continue;
1537
1538                 print_indent();
1539                 print_entity(entity);
1540                 print_string("\n");
1541         }
1542 }
1543
1544 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1545 {
1546         switch (initializer->kind) {
1547         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1548         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1549         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1550                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1551
1552         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1553                 return is_constant_expression(initializer->value.value);
1554
1555         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1556                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1557                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1558                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1559                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1560                         if (all > cur) {
1561                                 all = cur;
1562                         }
1563                 }
1564                 return all;
1565         }
1566         }
1567         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1568 }
1569
1570 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1571 {
1572         switch (expression->kind) {
1573         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1574                 return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1575
1576         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1577                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1578                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1579                         /* it's a -> */
1580                         return is_address_constant(expression->select.compound);
1581                 } else {
1582                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1583                 }
1584         }
1585
1586         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1587                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1588                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1589                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1590         }
1591
1592         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1593                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1594                 if (is_declaration(entity)) {
1595                         switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1596                         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1597                         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1598                         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1599                                 return
1600                                         entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1601                                         !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1602                                         EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1603
1604                         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1605                         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1606                         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1607                                 break;
1608                         }
1609                 }
1610                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1611         }
1612
1613         case EXPR_INVALID:
1614                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1615
1616         default:
1617                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1618         }
1619 }
1620
1621 expression_classification_t is_address_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1622 {
1623         switch (expression->kind) {
1624         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1625         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1626         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1627         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1628                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1629
1630         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1631                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1632
1633         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1634                 type_t *real_type
1635                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1636                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1637                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1638                         return is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1639                 }
1640                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1641         }
1642
1643         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1644                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1645                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1646                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1647                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1648                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_atomic_type_size(get_intptr_kind())
1649                     ))
1650                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1651
1652                 expression_classification_t const expr = is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1653                 expression_classification_t const addr = is_address_constant(expression->unary.value);
1654                 return expr > addr ? expr : addr;
1655         }
1656
1657         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1658         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1659                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1660                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1661                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1662                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1663
1664                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1665                         expression_classification_t const l = is_address_constant(left);
1666                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1667                         return l < r ? l : r;
1668                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1669                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1670                         expression_classification_t const r = is_address_constant(right);
1671                         return l < r ? l : r;
1672                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1673                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1674                 } else {
1675                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1676                 }
1677         }
1678
1679         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1680                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1681                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1682                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1683
1684                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1685                 if (is_type_function(type))
1686                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1687                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1688                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1689                 }
1690                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1691                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1692                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1693                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1694         }
1695
1696         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1697                 type_t *const type =
1698                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1699                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1700                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1701                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_address_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1702                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1703                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1704         }
1705
1706         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1707                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1708                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1709                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1710                         return cclass;
1711
1712                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1713                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1714                         return is_address_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1715                 } else {
1716                         return is_address_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1717                 }
1718         }
1719
1720         case EXPR_INVALID:
1721                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1722
1723         default:
1724                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1725         }
1726 }
1727
1728 /**
1729  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1730  * returning a constant result.
1731  */
1732 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1733 {
1734         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1735         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1736                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1737         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1738         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1739                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1740
1741         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1742         case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_val:
1743         case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_valf:
1744         case bk_gnu_builtin_huge_vall:
1745         case bk_gnu_builtin_inf:
1746         case bk_gnu_builtin_inff:
1747         case bk_gnu_builtin_infl:
1748         case bk_gnu_builtin_nan:
1749         case bk_gnu_builtin_nanf:
1750         case bk_gnu_builtin_nanl:
1751                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1752         default:
1753                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1754         }
1755
1756 }
1757
1758 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1759 {
1760         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1761         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1762                 return expr_class;
1763
1764         switch (expression->kind) {
1765         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1766                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1767         default:
1768                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1769         }
1770 }
1771
1772 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1773 {
1774         switch (expression->kind) {
1775         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1776                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1777                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1778                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1779                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1780                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1781                 } else {
1782                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1783                 }
1784         }
1785
1786         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1787                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1788                         &expression->array_access;
1789                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1790                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1791                         return idx_class;
1792                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1793                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1794                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1795         }
1796
1797         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1798                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1799
1800         case EXPR_INVALID:
1801                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1802
1803         default:
1804                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1805         }
1806 }
1807
1808 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1809 {
1810         switch (expression->kind) {
1811         EXPR_LITERAL_CASES
1812         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1813         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1814         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1815         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1816         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1817         case EXPR_REFERENCE_ENUM_VALUE:
1818                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1819
1820         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1821                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1822                 return
1823                         !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1824                         EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1825         }
1826
1827         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1828         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1829         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1830         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1831         case EXPR_SELECT:
1832         case EXPR_VA_START:
1833         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1834         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1835         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1836         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
1837         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1838         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1839         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1840         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1841         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1842         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1843         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1844         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1845         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1846         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1847         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1848         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1849         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1850         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1851         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1852         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1853         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1854         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1855         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1856         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1857         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1858         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1859                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1860
1861         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1862                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1863
1864         case EXPR_CALL:
1865                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1866
1867         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1868         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1869         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1870         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1871                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1872
1873         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1874         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST_IMPLICIT: {
1875                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1876                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1877                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1878                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1879                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1880                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1881         }
1882
1883         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1884         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1885         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1886         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1887         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1888         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1889         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1890         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1891         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1892         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1893         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1894         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1895         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1896         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1897         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1898         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1899         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1900         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1901         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1902         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1903         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1904         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1905                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1906                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1907                 return l < r ? l : r;
1908         }
1909
1910         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1911                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1912                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1913                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1914                         return lclass;
1915                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left) == false)
1916                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1917                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1918         }
1919
1920         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1921                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1922                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1923                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1924                         return lclass;
1925                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left) == true)
1926                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1927                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1928         }
1929
1930         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1931                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1932
1933         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1934                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1935                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1936                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1937                         return cclass;
1938
1939                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition) == true) {
1940                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1941                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1942                 } else {
1943                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1944                 }
1945         }
1946
1947         case EXPR_INVALID:
1948                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1949
1950         case EXPR_UNKNOWN:
1951                 break;
1952         }
1953         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1954 }
1955
1956 /**
1957  * Initialize the AST construction.
1958  */
1959 void init_ast(void)
1960 {
1961         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1962 }
1963
1964 /**
1965  * Free the AST.
1966  */
1967 void exit_ast(void)
1968 {
1969         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1970 }
1971
1972 /**
1973  * Allocate an AST object of the given size.
1974  *
1975  * @param size  the size of the object to allocate
1976  *
1977  * @return  A new allocated object in the AST memeory space.
1978  */
1979 void *(allocate_ast)(size_t size)
1980 {
1981         return _allocate_ast(size);
1982 }