nsz Git - cparser/blob - ast.c

   1 /*
   2  * This file is part of cparser.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
  18  * 02111-1307, USA.
  19  */
  20 #include <config.h>
  21
  22 #include "ast_t.h"
  23 #include "symbol_t.h"
  24 #include "type_t.h"
  25 #include "parser.h"
  26 #include "lang_features.h"
  27 #include "entity_t.h"
  28 #include "printer.h"
  29 #include "types.h"
  30
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <ctype.h>
  35
  36 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
  37 #include <mathimf.h>
  38 #elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
  39 #include "win32/cygwin_math_ext.h"
  40 #else
  41 #include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "adt/error.h"
  45 #include "adt/util.h"
  46
  47 struct obstack ast_obstack;
  48
  49 static int indent;
  50 static int case_indent;
  51
  52 bool print_implicit_casts = false;
  53 bool print_parenthesis = false;
  54
  55 static void print_statement(const statement_t *statement);
  56 static void print_expression_prec(const expression_t *expression, unsigned prec);
  57
  58 void change_indent(int delta)
  59 {
  60         indent += delta;
  61         assert(indent >= 0);
  62 }
  63
  64 void print_indent(void)
  65 {
  66         for (int i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
  67                 print_char('\t');
  68 }
  69
  70 static void print_stringrep(const string_t *string)
  71 {
  72         for (size_t i = 0; i < string->size; ++i) {
  73                 print_char(string->begin[i]);
  74         }
  75 }
  76
  77 /**
  78  * Returns 1 if a given precedence level has right-to-left
  79  * associativity, else 0.
  80  *
  81  * @param precedence   the operator precedence
  82  */
  83 static int right_to_left(unsigned precedence)
  84 {
  85         switch (precedence) {
  86         case PREC_ASSIGNMENT:
  87         case PREC_CONDITIONAL:
  88         case PREC_UNARY:
  89                 return 1;
  90
  91         default:
  92                 return 0;
  93         }
  94 }
  95
  96 /**
  97  * Return the precedence of an expression given by its kind.
  98  *
  99  * @param kind   the expression kind
 100  */
 101 static unsigned get_expression_precedence(expression_kind_t kind)
 102 {
 103         static const unsigned prec[] = {
 104                 [EXPR_ERROR]                      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 105                 [EXPR_REFERENCE]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 106                 [EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 107                 [EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 108                 [EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 109                 [EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER]          = PREC_PRIMARY,
 110                 [EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER]     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 111                 [EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP]            = PREC_PRIMARY,
 112                 [EXPR_STRING_LITERAL]             = PREC_PRIMARY,
 113                 [EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL]        = PREC_PRIMARY,
 114                 [EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL]           = PREC_UNARY,
 115                 [EXPR_CALL]                       = PREC_POSTFIX,
 116                 [EXPR_CONDITIONAL]                = PREC_CONDITIONAL,
 117                 [EXPR_SELECT]                     = PREC_POSTFIX,
 118                 [EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS]               = PREC_POSTFIX,
 119                 [EXPR_SIZEOF]                     = PREC_UNARY,
 120                 [EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE]              = PREC_UNARY,
 121                 [EXPR_ALIGNOF]                    = PREC_UNARY,
 122
 123                 [EXPR_FUNCNAME]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 124                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 125                 [EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P] = PREC_PRIMARY,
 126                 [EXPR_OFFSETOF]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 127                 [EXPR_VA_START]                   = PREC_PRIMARY,
 128                 [EXPR_VA_ARG]                     = PREC_PRIMARY,
 129                 [EXPR_VA_COPY]                    = PREC_PRIMARY,
 130                 [EXPR_STATEMENT]                  = PREC_PRIMARY,
 131                 [EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 132
 133                 [EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 134                 [EXPR_UNARY_PLUS]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 135                 [EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE]       = PREC_UNARY,
 136                 [EXPR_UNARY_NOT]                  = PREC_UNARY,
 137                 [EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE]          = PREC_UNARY,
 138                 [EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS]         = PREC_UNARY,
 139                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 140                 [EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT]    = PREC_POSTFIX,
 141                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 142                 [EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT]     = PREC_UNARY,
 143                 [EXPR_UNARY_CAST]                 = PREC_UNARY,
 144                 [EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME]               = PREC_PRIMARY,
 145                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE]               = PREC_UNARY,
 146                 [EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY]         = PREC_UNARY,
 147                 [EXPR_UNARY_THROW]                = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 148
 149                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 150                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB]                 = PREC_ADDITIVE,
 151                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 152                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 153                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD]                 = PREC_MULTIPLICATIVE,
 154                 [EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL]               = PREC_EQUALITY,
 155                 [EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL]            = PREC_EQUALITY,
 156                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESS]                = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 157                 [EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL]           = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 158                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATER]             = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 159                 [EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL]        = PREC_RELATIONAL,
 160                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND]         = PREC_AND,
 161                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR]          = PREC_OR,
 162                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR]         = PREC_XOR,
 163                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND]         = PREC_LOGICAL_AND,
 164                 [EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR]          = PREC_LOGICAL_OR,
 165                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT]           = PREC_SHIFT,
 166                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT]          = PREC_SHIFT,
 167                 [EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN]              = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 168                 [EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 169                 [EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 170                 [EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 171                 [EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 172                 [EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN]          = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 173                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN]    = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 174                 [EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 175                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 176                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN]  = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 177                 [EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN]   = PREC_ASSIGNMENT,
 178                 [EXPR_BINARY_COMMA]               = PREC_EXPRESSION,
 179
 180                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER]           = PREC_PRIMARY,
 181                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL]      = PREC_PRIMARY,
 182                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS]              = PREC_PRIMARY,
 183                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL]         = PREC_PRIMARY,
 184                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER]       = PREC_PRIMARY,
 185                 [EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED]         = PREC_PRIMARY
 186         };
 187         assert((size_t)kind < lengthof(prec));
 188         unsigned res = prec[kind];
 189
 190         assert(res != PREC_BOTTOM);
 191         return res;
 192 }
 193
 194 /**
 195  * Print a quoted string constant.
 196  *
 197  * @param string  the string constant
 198  * @param border  the border char
 199  * @param skip    number of chars to skip at the end
 200  */
 201 static void print_quoted_string(const string_t *const string, char border,
 202                                 int skip)
 203 {
 204         print_char(border);
 205         const char *end = string->begin + string->size - skip;
 206         for (const char *c = string->begin; c != end; ++c) {
 207                 const char tc = *c;
 208                 if (tc == border) {
 209                         print_char('\\');
 210                 }
 211                 switch (tc) {
 212                 case '\\': print_string("\\\\"); break;
 213                 case '\a': print_string("\\a"); break;
 214                 case '\b': print_string("\\b"); break;
 215                 case '\f': print_string("\\f"); break;
 216                 case '\n': print_string("\\n"); break;
 217                 case '\r': print_string("\\r"); break;
 218                 case '\t': print_string("\\t"); break;
 219                 case '\v': print_string("\\v"); break;
 220                 case '\?': print_string("\\?"); break;
 221                 case 27:
 222                         if (c_mode & _GNUC) {
 223                                 print_string("\\e"); break;
 224                         }
 225                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 226                 default:
 227                         if ((unsigned)tc < 0x80 && !isprint(tc)) {
 228                                 print_format("\\%03o", (unsigned)tc);
 229                         } else {
 230                                 print_char(tc);
 231                         }
 232                         break;
 233                 }
 234         }
 235         print_char(border);
 236 }
 237
 238 static void print_string_literal(const string_literal_expression_t *literal)
 239 {
 240         if (literal->base.kind == EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL) {
 241                 print_char('L');
 242         }
 243         print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '"', 1);
 244 }
 245
 246 static void print_literal(const literal_expression_t *literal)
 247 {
 248         switch (literal->base.kind) {
 249         case EXPR_LITERAL_MS_NOOP:
 250                 print_string("__noop");
 251                 return;
 252
 253         case EXPR_LITERAL_BOOLEAN:
 254         case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOATINGPOINT:
 255         case EXPR_LITERAL_INTEGER:
 256                 print_stringrep(&literal->value);
 257                 print_stringrep(&literal->suffix);
 258                 return;
 259
 260         case EXPR_LITERAL_WIDE_CHARACTER:
 261                 print_char('L');
 262                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 263         case EXPR_LITERAL_CHARACTER:
 264                 print_quoted_string(&literal->value, '\'', 0);
 265                 return;
 266         default:
 267                 break;
 268         }
 269         print_string("INVALID LITERAL KIND");
 270 }
 271
 272 /**
 273  * Prints a predefined symbol.
 274  */
 275 static void print_funcname(const funcname_expression_t *funcname)
 276 {
 277         const char *s = "";
 278         switch (funcname->kind) {
 279         case FUNCNAME_FUNCTION:        s = (c_mode & _C99) ? "__func__" : "__FUNCTION__"; break;
 280         case FUNCNAME_PRETTY_FUNCTION: s = "__PRETTY_FUNCTION__"; break;
 281         case FUNCNAME_FUNCSIG:         s = "__FUNCSIG__"; break;
 282         case FUNCNAME_FUNCDNAME:       s = "__FUNCDNAME__"; break;
 283         }
 284         print_string(s);
 285 }
 286
 287 static void print_compound_literal(
 288                 const compound_literal_expression_t *expression)
 289 {
 290         print_char('(');
 291         print_type(expression->type);
 292         print_char(')');
 293         print_initializer(expression->initializer);
 294 }
 295
 296 static void print_assignment_expression(const expression_t *const expr)
 297 {
 298         print_expression_prec(expr, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
 299 }
 300
 301 /**
 302  * Prints a call expression.
 303  *
 304  * @param call  the call expression
 305  */
 306 static void print_call_expression(const call_expression_t *call)
 307 {
 308         print_expression_prec(call->function, PREC_POSTFIX);
 309         print_char('(');
 310         char const *sep = "";
 311         for (call_argument_t const *arg = call->arguments; arg; arg = arg->next) {
 312                 print_string(sep);
 313                 sep = ", ";
 314                 print_assignment_expression(arg->expression);
 315         }
 316         print_char(')');
 317 }
 318
 319 /**
 320  * Prints a binary expression.
 321  *
 322  * @param binexpr   the binary expression
 323  */
 324 static void print_binary_expression(const binary_expression_t *binexpr)
 325 {
 326         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(binexpr->base.kind);
 327         int      r2l  = right_to_left(prec);
 328
 329         print_expression_prec(binexpr->left, prec + r2l);
 330         char const* op;
 331         switch (binexpr->base.kind) {
 332         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:              op = ", ";    break;
 333         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:             op = " = ";   break;
 334         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:                op = " + ";   break;
 335         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:                op = " - ";   break;
 336         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:                op = " * ";   break;
 337         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:                op = " % ";   break;
 338         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:                op = " / ";   break;
 339         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:         op = " | ";   break;
 340         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:        op = " & ";   break;
 341         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:        op = " ^ ";   break;
 342         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR:         op = " || ";  break;
 343         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND:        op = " && ";  break;
 344         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:           op = " != ";  break;
 345         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:              op = " == ";  break;
 346         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:               op = " < ";   break;
 347         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:          op = " <= ";  break;
 348         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:            op = " > ";   break;
 349         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:       op = " >= ";  break;
 350         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:          op = " << ";  break;
 351         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:         op = " >> ";  break;
 352
 353         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:         op = " += ";  break;
 354         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:         op = " -= ";  break;
 355         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:         op = " *= ";  break;
 356         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:         op = " %= ";  break;
 357         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:         op = " /= ";  break;
 358         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:  op = " |= ";  break;
 359         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN: op = " &= ";  break;
 360         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN: op = " ^= ";  break;
 361         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:   op = " <<= "; break;
 362         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:  op = " >>= "; break;
 363         default: panic("invalid binexpression found");
 364         }
 365         print_string(op);
 366         print_expression_prec(binexpr->right, prec + 1 - r2l);
 367 }
 368
 369 /**
 370  * Prints an unary expression.
 371  *
 372  * @param unexpr   the unary expression
 373  */
 374 static void print_unary_expression(const unary_expression_t *unexpr)
 375 {
 376         unsigned prec = get_expression_precedence(unexpr->base.kind);
 377         switch (unexpr->base.kind) {
 378         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:           print_char  ('-' ); break;
 379         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:             print_char  ('+' ); break;
 380         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:              print_char  ('!' ); break;
 381         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:   print_char  ('~' ); break;
 382         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT: print_string("++"); break;
 383         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT: print_string("--"); break;
 384         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:      print_char  ('*' ); break;
 385         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:     print_char  ('&' ); break;
 386         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:           print_string("delete "); break;
 387         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:     print_string("delete [] "); break;
 388
 389         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
 390                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 391                 print_string("++");
 392                 return;
 393         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
 394                 print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 395                 print_string("--");
 396                 return;
 397         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
 398                 print_char('(');
 399                 print_type(unexpr->base.type);
 400                 print_char(')');
 401                 break;
 402         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME:
 403                 print_string("__assume(");
 404                 print_assignment_expression(unexpr->value);
 405                 print_char(')');
 406                 return;
 407
 408         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
 409                 if (unexpr->value == NULL) {
 410                         print_string("throw");
 411                         return;
 412                 }
 413                 print_string("throw ");
 414                 break;
 415
 416         default:
 417                 panic("invalid unary expression found");
 418         }
 419         print_expression_prec(unexpr->value, prec);
 420 }
 421
 422 /**
 423  * Prints a reference expression.
 424  *
 425  * @param ref   the reference expression
 426  */
 427 static void print_reference_expression(const reference_expression_t *ref)
 428 {
 429         print_string(ref->entity->base.symbol->string);
 430 }
 431
 432 /**
 433  * Prints a label address expression.
 434  *
 435  * @param ref   the reference expression
 436  */
 437 static void print_label_address_expression(const label_address_expression_t *le)
 438 {
 439         print_format("&&%s", le->label->base.symbol->string);
 440 }
 441
 442 /**
 443  * Prints an array expression.
 444  *
 445  * @param expression   the array expression
 446  */
 447 static void print_array_expression(const array_access_expression_t *expression)
 448 {
 449         if (!expression->flipped) {
 450                 print_expression_prec(expression->array_ref, PREC_POSTFIX);
 451                 print_char('[');
 452                 print_expression(expression->index);
 453                 print_char(']');
 454         } else {
 455                 print_expression_prec(expression->index, PREC_POSTFIX);
 456                 print_char('[');
 457                 print_expression(expression->array_ref);
 458                 print_char(']');
 459         }
 460 }
 461
 462 /**
 463  * Prints a typeproperty expression (sizeof or __alignof__).
 464  *
 465  * @param expression   the type property expression
 466  */
 467 static void print_typeprop_expression(const typeprop_expression_t *expression)
 468 {
 469         if (expression->base.kind == EXPR_SIZEOF) {
 470                 print_string("sizeof");
 471         } else {
 472                 assert(expression->base.kind == EXPR_ALIGNOF);
 473                 print_string("__alignof__");
 474         }
 475         if (expression->tp_expression != NULL) {
 476                 /* PREC_TOP: always print the '()' here, sizeof x is right but unusual */
 477                 print_expression_prec(expression->tp_expression, PREC_TOP);
 478         } else {
 479                 print_char('(');
 480                 print_type(expression->type);
 481                 print_char(')');
 482         }
 483 }
 484
 485 /**
 486  * Prints a builtin constant expression.
 487  *
 488  * @param expression   the builtin constant expression
 489  */
 490 static void print_builtin_constant(const builtin_constant_expression_t *expression)
 491 {
 492         print_string("__builtin_constant_p(");
 493         print_assignment_expression(expression->value);
 494         print_char(')');
 495 }
 496
 497 /**
 498  * Prints a builtin types compatible expression.
 499  *
 500  * @param expression   the builtin types compatible expression
 501  */
 502 static void print_builtin_types_compatible(
 503                 const builtin_types_compatible_expression_t *expression)
 504 {
 505         print_string("__builtin_types_compatible_p(");
 506         print_type(expression->left);
 507         print_string(", ");
 508         print_type(expression->right);
 509         print_char(')');
 510 }
 511
 512 /**
 513  * Prints a conditional expression.
 514  *
 515  * @param expression   the conditional expression
 516  */
 517 static void print_conditional(const conditional_expression_t *expression)
 518 {
 519         print_expression_prec(expression->condition, PREC_LOGICAL_OR);
 520         if (expression->true_expression != NULL) {
 521                 print_string(" ? ");
 522                 print_expression_prec(expression->true_expression, PREC_EXPRESSION);
 523                 print_string(" : ");
 524         } else {
 525                 print_string(" ?: ");
 526         }
 527         precedence_t prec = c_mode & _CXX ? PREC_ASSIGNMENT : PREC_CONDITIONAL;
 528         print_expression_prec(expression->false_expression, prec);
 529 }
 530
 531 /**
 532  * Prints a va_start expression.
 533  *
 534  * @param expression   the va_start expression
 535  */
 536 static void print_va_start(const va_start_expression_t *const expression)
 537 {
 538         print_string("__builtin_va_start(");
 539         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 540         print_string(", ");
 541         print_string(expression->parameter->base.base.symbol->string);
 542         print_char(')');
 543 }
 544
 545 /**
 546  * Prints a va_arg expression.
 547  *
 548  * @param expression   the va_arg expression
 549  */
 550 static void print_va_arg(const va_arg_expression_t *expression)
 551 {
 552         print_string("__builtin_va_arg(");
 553         print_assignment_expression(expression->ap);
 554         print_string(", ");
 555         print_type(expression->base.type);
 556         print_char(')');
 557 }
 558
 559 /**
 560  * Prints a va_copy expression.
 561  *
 562  * @param expression   the va_copy expression
 563  */
 564 static void print_va_copy(const va_copy_expression_t *expression)
 565 {
 566         print_string("__builtin_va_copy(");
 567         print_assignment_expression(expression->dst);
 568         print_string(", ");
 569         print_assignment_expression(expression->src);
 570         print_char(')');
 571 }
 572
 573 /**
 574  * Prints a select expression (. or ->).
 575  *
 576  * @param expression   the select expression
 577  */
 578 static void print_select(const select_expression_t *expression)
 579 {
 580         print_expression_prec(expression->compound, PREC_POSTFIX);
 581         /* do not print anything for anonymous struct/union selects
 582          * FIXME: if the anonymous select was a '->' this will print '.'
 583          */
 584         if (expression->compound_entry->base.symbol == NULL)
 585                 return;
 586
 587         if (is_type_pointer(skip_typeref(expression->compound->base.type))) {
 588                 print_string("->");
 589         } else {
 590                 print_char('.');
 591         }
 592         print_string(expression->compound_entry->base.symbol->string);
 593 }
 594
 595 /**
 596  * Prints a type classify expression.
 597  *
 598  * @param expr   the type classify expression
 599  */
 600 static void print_classify_type_expression(
 601         const classify_type_expression_t *const expr)
 602 {
 603         print_string("__builtin_classify_type(");
 604         print_assignment_expression(expr->type_expression);
 605         print_char(')');
 606 }
 607
 608 /**
 609  * Prints a designator.
 610  *
 611  * @param designator  the designator
 612  */
 613 static void print_designator(const designator_t *designator)
 614 {
 615         for ( ; designator != NULL; designator = designator->next) {
 616                 if (designator->symbol == NULL) {
 617                         print_char('[');
 618                         print_expression(designator->array_index);
 619                         print_char(']');
 620                 } else {
 621                         print_char('.');
 622                         print_string(designator->symbol->string);
 623                 }
 624         }
 625 }
 626
 627 /**
 628  * Prints an offsetof expression.
 629  *
 630  * @param expression   the offset expression
 631  */
 632 static void print_offsetof_expression(const offsetof_expression_t *expression)
 633 {
 634         print_string("__builtin_offsetof(");
 635         print_type(expression->type);
 636         print_char(',');
 637         print_designator(expression->designator);
 638         print_char(')');
 639 }
 640
 641 /**
 642  * Prints a statement expression.
 643  *
 644  * @param expression   the statement expression
 645  */
 646 static void print_statement_expression(const statement_expression_t *expression)
 647 {
 648         print_char('(');
 649         print_statement(expression->statement);
 650         print_char(')');
 651 }
 652
 653 /**
 654  * Prints an expression with parenthesis if needed.
 655  *
 656  * @param expression  the expression to print
 657  * @param top_prec    the precedence of the user of this expression.
 658  */
 659 static void print_expression_prec(expression_t const *expr, unsigned const top_prec)
 660 {
 661         if (expr->kind == EXPR_UNARY_CAST && expr->base.implicit && !print_implicit_casts) {
 662                 expr = expr->unary.value;
 663         }
 664
 665         bool parenthesized =
 666                 expr->base.parenthesized                       ||
 667                 (print_parenthesis && top_prec != PREC_BOTTOM) ||
 668                 top_prec > get_expression_precedence(expr->base.kind);
 669
 670         if (parenthesized)
 671                 print_char('(');
 672         switch (expr->kind) {
 673         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
 674         case EXPR_SIZEOF:                     print_typeprop_expression(     &expr->typeprop);                 break;
 675         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:               print_array_expression(        &expr->array_access);             break;
 676         case EXPR_BINARY_CASES:               print_binary_expression(       &expr->binary);                   break;
 677         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:         print_builtin_constant(        &expr->builtin_constant);         break;
 678         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P: print_builtin_types_compatible(&expr->builtin_types_compatible); break;
 679         case EXPR_CALL:                       print_call_expression(         &expr->call);                     break;
 680         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:              print_classify_type_expression(&expr->classify_type);            break;
 681         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:           print_compound_literal(        &expr->compound_literal);         break;
 682         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL:                print_conditional(             &expr->conditional);              break;
 683         case EXPR_ERROR:                      print_string("$error$");                                         break;
 684         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:                   print_funcname(                &expr->funcname);                 break;
 685         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:              print_label_address_expression(&expr->label_address);            break;
 686         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:              print_literal(                 &expr->literal);                  break;
 687         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:                   print_offsetof_expression(     &expr->offsetofe);                break;
 688         case EXPR_REFERENCE:
 689         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:              print_reference_expression(    &expr->reference);                break;
 690         case EXPR_SELECT:                     print_select(                  &expr->select);                   break;
 691         case EXPR_STATEMENT:                  print_statement_expression(    &expr->statement);                break;
 692         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
 693         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:        print_string_literal(          &expr->string_literal);           break;
 694         case EXPR_UNARY_CASES:                print_unary_expression(        &expr->unary);                    break;
 695         case EXPR_VA_ARG:                     print_va_arg(                  &expr->va_arge);                  break;
 696         case EXPR_VA_COPY:                    print_va_copy(                 &expr->va_copye);                 break;
 697         case EXPR_VA_START:                   print_va_start(                &expr->va_starte);                break;
 698         }
 699         if (parenthesized)
 700                 print_char(')');
 701 }
 702
 703 static void print_indented_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 704 {
 705         switch (stmt->kind) {
 706         case STATEMENT_LABEL:
 707                 break;
 708
 709         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:
 710                 for (int i = 0; i != case_indent; ++i)
 711                         print_char('\t');
 712                 break;
 713
 714         default:
 715                 print_indent();
 716                 break;
 717         }
 718         print_statement(stmt);
 719 }
 720
 721 /**
 722  * Print an compound statement.
 723  *
 724  * @param block  the compound statement
 725  */
 726 static void print_compound_statement(const compound_statement_t *block)
 727 {
 728         print_string("{\n");
 729         ++indent;
 730
 731         for (statement_t const *stmt = block->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->base.next) {
 732                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 733                 print_char('\n');
 734         }
 735
 736         --indent;
 737         print_indent();
 738         print_char('}');
 739 }
 740
 741 /**
 742  * Print a return statement.
 743  *
 744  * @param statement  the return statement
 745  */
 746 static void print_return_statement(const return_statement_t *statement)
 747 {
 748         expression_t const *const val = statement->value;
 749         if (val != NULL) {
 750                 print_string("return ");
 751                 print_expression(val);
 752                 print_char(';');
 753         } else {
 754                 print_string("return;");
 755         }
 756 }
 757
 758 /**
 759  * Print an expression statement.
 760  *
 761  * @param statement  the expression statement
 762  */
 763 static void print_expression_statement(const expression_statement_t *statement)
 764 {
 765         print_expression(statement->expression);
 766         print_char(';');
 767 }
 768
 769 /**
 770  * Print a computed goto statement.
 771  *
 772  * @param statement  the computed goto statement
 773  */
 774 static void print_computed_goto_statement(computed_goto_statement_t const *const stmt)
 775 {
 776         print_string("goto *");
 777         print_expression(stmt->expression);
 778         print_char(';');
 779 }
 780
 781 /**
 782  * Print a goto statement.
 783  *
 784  * @param statement  the goto statement
 785  */
 786 static void print_goto_statement(const goto_statement_t *statement)
 787 {
 788         print_string("goto ");
 789         print_string(statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 790         print_char(';');
 791 }
 792
 793 /**
 794  * Print a label statement.
 795  *
 796  * @param statement  the label statement
 797  */
 798 static void print_label_statement(const label_statement_t *statement)
 799 {
 800         print_format("%s:\n", statement->label->base.symbol->string);
 801         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 802 }
 803
 804 static void print_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 805 {
 806         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 807                 print_char(' ');
 808                 print_compound_statement(&stmt->compound);
 809         } else {
 810                 print_char('\n');
 811                 ++indent;
 812                 print_indented_statement(stmt);
 813                 --indent;
 814         }
 815 }
 816
 817 static void print_after_inner_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
 818 {
 819         if (stmt->kind == STATEMENT_COMPOUND) {
 820                 print_char(' ');
 821         } else {
 822                 print_char('\n');
 823                 print_indent();
 824         }
 825 }
 826
 827 /**
 828  * Print an if statement.
 829  *
 830  * @param statement  the if statement
 831  */
 832 static void print_if_statement(const if_statement_t *statement)
 833 {
 834         print_string("if (");
 835         print_expression(statement->condition);
 836         print_char(')');
 837         print_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 838
 839         statement_t const *const f = statement->false_statement;
 840         if (f) {
 841                 print_after_inner_statement(statement->true_statement);
 842                 print_string("else");
 843                 if (f->kind == STATEMENT_IF) {
 844                         print_char(' ');
 845                         print_if_statement(&f->ifs);
 846                 } else {
 847                         print_inner_statement(f);
 848                 }
 849         }
 850 }
 851
 852 /**
 853  * Print a switch statement.
 854  *
 855  * @param statement  the switch statement
 856  */
 857 static void print_switch_statement(const switch_statement_t *statement)
 858 {
 859         int const old_case_indent = case_indent;
 860         case_indent = indent;
 861
 862         print_string("switch (");
 863         print_expression(statement->expression);
 864         print_char(')');
 865         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 866
 867         case_indent = old_case_indent;
 868 }
 869
 870 /**
 871  * Print a case label (including the default label).
 872  *
 873  * @param statement  the case label statement
 874  */
 875 static void print_case_label(const case_label_statement_t *statement)
 876 {
 877         if (statement->expression == NULL) {
 878                 print_string("default:\n");
 879         } else {
 880                 print_string("case ");
 881                 print_expression(statement->expression);
 882                 if (statement->end_range != NULL) {
 883                         print_string(" ... ");
 884                         print_expression(statement->end_range);
 885                 }
 886                 print_string(":\n");
 887         }
 888         print_indented_statement(statement->statement);
 889 }
 890
 891 static void print_typedef(const entity_t *entity)
 892 {
 893         print_string("typedef ");
 894         print_type_ext(entity->typedefe.type, entity->base.symbol, NULL);
 895         print_char(';');
 896 }
 897
 898 /**
 899  * returns true if the entity is a compiler generated one and has no real
 900  * correspondenc in the source file
 901  */
 902 static bool is_generated_entity(const entity_t *entity)
 903 {
 904         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_TYPEDEF)
 905                 return entity->typedefe.builtin;
 906
 907         if (is_declaration(entity))
 908                 return entity->declaration.implicit;
 909
 910         return false;
 911 }
 912
 913 /**
 914  * Print a declaration statement.
 915  *
 916  * @param statement   the statement
 917  */
 918 static void print_declaration_statement(
 919                 const declaration_statement_t *statement)
 920 {
 921         bool first = true;
 922         entity_t *entity = statement->declarations_begin;
 923         if (entity == NULL) {
 924                 print_string("/* empty declaration statement */");
 925                 return;
 926         }
 927
 928         entity_t *const end = statement->declarations_end->base.next;
 929         for (; entity != end; entity = entity->base.next) {
 930                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
 931                         continue;
 932                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 933                         continue;
 934
 935                 if (!first) {
 936                         print_char('\n');
 937                         print_indent();
 938                 } else {
 939                         first = false;
 940                 }
 941
 942                 print_entity(entity);
 943         }
 944 }
 945
 946 /**
 947  * Print a while statement.
 948  *
 949  * @param statement   the statement
 950  */
 951 static void print_while_statement(const while_statement_t *statement)
 952 {
 953         print_string("while (");
 954         print_expression(statement->condition);
 955         print_char(')');
 956         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 957 }
 958
 959 /**
 960  * Print a do-while statement.
 961  *
 962  * @param statement   the statement
 963  */
 964 static void print_do_while_statement(const do_while_statement_t *statement)
 965 {
 966         print_string("do");
 967         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
 968         print_after_inner_statement(statement->body);
 969         print_string("while (");
 970         print_expression(statement->condition);
 971         print_string(");");
 972 }
 973
 974 /**
 975  * Print a for statement.
 976  *
 977  * @param statement   the statement
 978  */
 979 static void print_for_statement(const for_statement_t *statement)
 980 {
 981         print_string("for (");
 982         if (statement->initialisation != NULL) {
 983                 print_expression(statement->initialisation);
 984                 print_char(';');
 985         } else {
 986                 entity_t const *entity = statement->scope.entities;
 987                 for (; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
 988                         if (is_generated_entity(entity))
 989                                 continue;
 990                         /* FIXME display of multiple declarations is wrong */
 991                         print_declaration(entity);
 992                 }
 993         }
 994         if (statement->condition != NULL) {
 995                 print_char(' ');
 996                 print_expression(statement->condition);
 997         }
 998         print_char(';');
 999         if (statement->step != NULL) {
1000                 print_char(' ');
1001                 print_expression(statement->step);
1002         }
1003         print_char(')');
1004         print_inner_statement(statement->body);
1005 }
1006
1007 /**
1008  * Print assembler arguments.
1009  *
1010  * @param arguments   the arguments
1011  */
1012 static void print_asm_arguments(asm_argument_t *arguments)
1013 {
1014         asm_argument_t *argument = arguments;
1015         for (; argument != NULL; argument = argument->next) {
1016                 if (argument != arguments)
1017                         print_string(", ");
1018
1019                 if (argument->symbol) {
1020                         print_format("[%s] ", argument->symbol->string);
1021                 }
1022                 print_quoted_string(&argument->constraints, '"', 1);
1023                 print_string(" (");
1024                 print_expression(argument->expression);
1025                 print_char(')');
1026         }
1027 }
1028
1029 /**
1030  * Print assembler clobbers.
1031  *
1032  * @param clobbers   the clobbers
1033  */
1034 static void print_asm_clobbers(asm_clobber_t *clobbers)
1035 {
1036         asm_clobber_t *clobber = clobbers;
1037         for (; clobber != NULL; clobber = clobber->next) {
1038                 if (clobber != clobbers)
1039                         print_string(", ");
1040
1041                 print_quoted_string(&clobber->clobber, '"', 1);
1042         }
1043 }
1044
1045 /**
1046  * Print an assembler statement.
1047  *
1048  * @param statement   the statement
1049  */
1050 static void print_asm_statement(const asm_statement_t *statement)
1051 {
1052         print_string("asm ");
1053         if (statement->is_volatile) {
1054                 print_string("volatile ");
1055         }
1056         print_char('(');
1057         print_quoted_string(&statement->asm_text, '"', 1);
1058         if (statement->outputs  == NULL &&
1059             statement->inputs   == NULL &&
1060             statement->clobbers == NULL)
1061                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1062
1063         print_string(" : ");
1064         print_asm_arguments(statement->outputs);
1065         if (statement->inputs == NULL && statement->clobbers == NULL)
1066                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1067
1068         print_string(" : ");
1069         print_asm_arguments(statement->inputs);
1070         if (statement->clobbers == NULL)
1071                 goto end_of_print_asm_statement;
1072
1073         print_string(" : ");
1074         print_asm_clobbers(statement->clobbers);
1075
1076 end_of_print_asm_statement:
1077         print_string(");");
1078 }
1079
1080 /**
1081  * Print a microsoft __try statement.
1082  *
1083  * @param statement   the statement
1084  */
1085 static void print_ms_try_statement(const ms_try_statement_t *statement)
1086 {
1087         print_string("__try");
1088         print_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1089         print_after_inner_statement(statement->try_statement);
1090         if (statement->except_expression != NULL) {
1091                 print_string("__except(");
1092                 print_expression(statement->except_expression);
1093                 print_char(')');
1094         } else {
1095                 print_string("__finally");
1096         }
1097         print_inner_statement(statement->final_statement);
1098 }
1099
1100 /**
1101  * Print a microsoft __leave statement.
1102  *
1103  * @param statement   the statement
1104  */
1105 static void print_leave_statement(const leave_statement_t *statement)
1106 {
1107         (void)statement;
1108         print_string("__leave;");
1109 }
1110
1111 /**
1112  * Print a statement.
1113  *
1114  * @param statement   the statement
1115  */
1116 void print_statement(statement_t const *const stmt)
1117 {
1118         switch (stmt->kind) {
1119         case STATEMENT_ASM:           print_asm_statement(          &stmt->asms);          break;
1120         case STATEMENT_BREAK:         print_string("break;");                              break;
1121         case STATEMENT_CASE_LABEL:    print_case_label(             &stmt->case_label);    break;
1122         case STATEMENT_COMPOUND:      print_compound_statement(     &stmt->compound);      break;
1123         case STATEMENT_COMPUTED_GOTO: print_computed_goto_statement(&stmt->computed_goto); break;
1124         case STATEMENT_CONTINUE:      print_string("continue;");                           break;
1125         case STATEMENT_DECLARATION:   print_declaration_statement(  &stmt->declaration);   break;
1126         case STATEMENT_DO_WHILE:      print_do_while_statement(     &stmt->do_while);      break;
1127         case STATEMENT_EMPTY:         print_char(';');                                     break;
1128         case STATEMENT_ERROR:         print_string("$error statement$");                   break;
1129         case STATEMENT_EXPRESSION:    print_expression_statement(   &stmt->expression);    break;
1130         case STATEMENT_FOR:           print_for_statement(          &stmt->fors);          break;
1131         case STATEMENT_GOTO:          print_goto_statement(         &stmt->gotos);         break;
1132         case STATEMENT_IF:            print_if_statement(           &stmt->ifs);           break;
1133         case STATEMENT_LABEL:         print_label_statement(        &stmt->label);         break;
1134         case STATEMENT_LEAVE:         print_leave_statement(        &stmt->leave);         break;
1135         case STATEMENT_MS_TRY:        print_ms_try_statement(       &stmt->ms_try);        break;
1136         case STATEMENT_RETURN:        print_return_statement(       &stmt->returns);       break;
1137         case STATEMENT_SWITCH:        print_switch_statement(       &stmt->switchs);       break;
1138         case STATEMENT_WHILE:         print_while_statement(        &stmt->whiles);        break;
1139         }
1140 }
1141
1142 /**
1143  * Print a storage class.
1144  *
1145  * @param storage_class   the storage class
1146  */
1147 static void print_storage_class(storage_class_tag_t storage_class)
1148 {
1149         switch (storage_class) {
1150         case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:     return;
1151         case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:  print_string("typedef ");  return;
1152         case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:   print_string("extern ");   return;
1153         case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:   print_string("static ");   return;
1154         case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:     print_string("auto ");     return;
1155         case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER: print_string("register "); return;
1156         }
1157         panic("invalid storage class");
1158 }
1159
1160 /**
1161  * Print an initializer.
1162  *
1163  * @param initializer  the initializer
1164  */
1165 void print_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1166 {
1167         if (initializer == NULL) {
1168                 print_string("{}");
1169                 return;
1170         }
1171
1172         switch (initializer->kind) {
1173         case INITIALIZER_VALUE: {
1174                 const initializer_value_t *value = &initializer->value;
1175                 print_assignment_expression(value->value);
1176                 return;
1177         }
1178         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1179                 assert(initializer->kind == INITIALIZER_LIST);
1180                 print_string("{ ");
1181                 const initializer_list_t *list = &initializer->list;
1182
1183                 for (size_t i = 0 ; i < list->len; ++i) {
1184                         const initializer_t *sub_init = list->initializers[i];
1185                         print_initializer(list->initializers[i]);
1186                         if (i < list->len-1) {
1187                                 if (sub_init == NULL || sub_init->kind != INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR)
1188                                         print_string(", ");
1189                         }
1190                 }
1191                 print_string(" }");
1192                 return;
1193         }
1194         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1195                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1196                 return;
1197         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1198                 print_quoted_string(&initializer->string.string, '"', 1);
1199                 return;
1200         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1201                 print_designator(initializer->designator.designator);
1202                 print_string(" = ");
1203                 return;
1204         }
1205
1206         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1207 }
1208
1209 #if 0
1210 /**
1211  * Print microsoft extended declaration modifiers.
1212  */
1213 static void print_ms_modifiers(const declaration_t *declaration)
1214 {
1215         if ((c_mode & _MS) == 0)
1216                 return;
1217
1218         decl_modifiers_t modifiers = declaration->modifiers;
1219
1220         bool        ds_shown = false;
1221         const char *next     = "(";
1222
1223         if (declaration->base.kind == ENTITY_VARIABLE) {
1224                 variable_t *variable = (variable_t*)declaration;
1225                 if (variable->alignment != 0
1226                                 || variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1227                                 || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1228                         if (!ds_shown) {
1229                                 print_string("__declspec");
1230                                 ds_shown = true;
1231                         }
1232
1233                         if (variable->alignment != 0) {
1234                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_format("align(%u)", variable->alignment);
1235                         }
1236                         if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL
1237                                         || variable->put_property_sym != NULL) {
1238                                 char *comma = "";
1239                                 print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("property(");
1240                                 if (variable->get_property_sym != NULL) {
1241                                         print_format("get=%s", variable->get_property_sym->string);
1242                                         comma = ", ";
1243                                 }
1244                                 if (variable->put_property_sym != NULL)
1245                                         print_format("%sput=%s", comma, variable->put_property_sym->string);
1246                                 print_char(')');
1247                         }
1248                 }
1249         }
1250
1251         /* DM_FORCEINLINE handled outside. */
1252         if ((modifiers & ~DM_FORCEINLINE) != 0) {
1253                 if (!ds_shown) {
1254                         print_string("__declspec");
1255                         ds_shown = true;
1256                 }
1257                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLIMPORT) {
1258                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllimport");
1259                 }
1260                 if (modifiers & DM_DLLEXPORT) {
1261                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("dllexport");
1262                 }
1263                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1264                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1265                 }
1266                 if (modifiers & DM_NAKED) {
1267                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("naked");
1268                 }
1269                 if (modifiers & DM_THREAD) {
1270                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("thread");
1271                 }
1272                 if (modifiers & DM_SELECTANY) {
1273                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("selectany");
1274                 }
1275                 if (modifiers & DM_NOTHROW) {
1276                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("nothrow");
1277                 }
1278                 if (modifiers & DM_NORETURN) {
1279                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noreturn");
1280                 }
1281                 if (modifiers & DM_NOINLINE) {
1282                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noinline");
1283                 }
1284                 if (modifiers & DM_DEPRECATED) {
1285                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("deprecated");
1286                         if (declaration->deprecated_string != NULL)
1287                                 print_format("(\"%s\")",
1288                                         declaration->deprecated_string);
1289                 }
1290                 if (modifiers & DM_RESTRICT) {
1291                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("restrict");
1292                 }
1293                 if (modifiers & DM_NOALIAS) {
1294                         print_string(next); next = ", "; print_string("noalias");
1295                 }
1296         }
1297
1298         if (ds_shown)
1299                 print_string(") ");
1300 }
1301 #endif
1302
1303 static void print_scope(const scope_t *scope)
1304 {
1305         const entity_t *entity = scope->entities;
1306         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1307                 print_indent();
1308                 print_entity(entity);
1309                 print_char('\n');
1310         }
1311 }
1312
1313 static void print_namespace(const namespace_t *namespace)
1314 {
1315         print_string("namespace ");
1316         if (namespace->base.symbol != NULL) {
1317                 print_string(namespace->base.symbol->string);
1318                 print_char(' ');
1319         }
1320
1321         print_string("{\n");
1322         ++indent;
1323
1324         print_scope(&namespace->members);
1325
1326         --indent;
1327         print_indent();
1328         print_string("}\n");
1329 }
1330
1331 /**
1332  * Print a variable or function declaration
1333  */
1334 void print_declaration(const entity_t *entity)
1335 {
1336         assert(is_declaration(entity));
1337         const declaration_t *declaration = &entity->declaration;
1338
1339         print_storage_class((storage_class_tag_t)declaration->declared_storage_class);
1340         if (entity->kind == ENTITY_FUNCTION) {
1341                 function_t *function = (function_t*)declaration;
1342                 if (function->is_inline) {
1343                         if (declaration->modifiers & DM_FORCEINLINE) {
1344                                 print_string("__forceinline ");
1345                         } else if (declaration->modifiers & DM_MICROSOFT_INLINE) {
1346                                 print_string("__inline ");
1347                         } else {
1348                                 print_string("inline ");
1349                         }
1350                 }
1351         }
1352         //print_ms_modifiers(declaration);
1353         switch (entity->kind) {
1354                 case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1355                         print_type_ext(entity->declaration.type, entity->base.symbol,
1356                                         &entity->function.parameters);
1357
1358                         if (entity->function.statement != NULL) {
1359                                 print_char('\n');
1360                                 print_indented_statement(entity->function.statement);
1361                                 print_char('\n');
1362                                 return;
1363                         }
1364                         break;
1365
1366                 case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1367                         if (entity->variable.thread_local)
1368                                 print_string("__thread ");
1369                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1370                         if (entity->variable.initializer != NULL) {
1371                                 print_string(" = ");
1372                                 print_initializer(entity->variable.initializer);
1373                         }
1374                         break;
1375
1376                 case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1377                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1378                         if (entity->compound_member.bitfield) {
1379                                 print_format(" : %u", entity->compound_member.bit_size);
1380                         }
1381                         break;
1382
1383                 default:
1384                         print_type_ext(declaration->type, declaration->base.symbol, NULL);
1385                         break;
1386         }
1387         print_char(';');
1388 }
1389
1390 /**
1391  * Prints an expression.
1392  *
1393  * @param expression  the expression
1394  */
1395 void print_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1396 {
1397         print_expression_prec(expression, PREC_BOTTOM);
1398 }
1399
1400 /**
1401  * Print a declaration.
1402  *
1403  * @param declaration  the declaration
1404  */
1405 void print_entity(const entity_t *entity)
1406 {
1407         if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1408                 return;
1409
1410         switch ((entity_kind_tag_t)entity->kind) {
1411         case ENTITY_VARIABLE:
1412         case ENTITY_PARAMETER:
1413         case ENTITY_COMPOUND_MEMBER:
1414         case ENTITY_FUNCTION:
1415                 print_declaration(entity);
1416                 return;
1417         case ENTITY_TYPEDEF:
1418                 print_typedef(entity);
1419                 return;
1420         case ENTITY_CLASS:
1421                 /* TODO */
1422                 print_string("class ");
1423                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1424                 print_string("; /* TODO */\n");
1425                 return;
1426         case ENTITY_STRUCT:
1427                 print_string("struct ");
1428                 goto print_compound;
1429         case ENTITY_UNION:
1430                 print_string("union ");
1431 print_compound:
1432                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1433                 if (entity->compound.complete) {
1434                         print_char(' ');
1435                         print_compound_definition(&entity->compound);
1436                 }
1437                 print_char(';');
1438                 return;
1439         case ENTITY_ENUM:
1440                 print_string("enum ");
1441                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1442                 print_char(' ');
1443                 print_enum_definition(&entity->enume);
1444                 print_char(';');
1445                 return;
1446         case ENTITY_NAMESPACE:
1447                 print_namespace(&entity->namespacee);
1448                 return;
1449         case ENTITY_LOCAL_LABEL:
1450                 print_string("__label__ ");
1451                 print_string(entity->base.symbol->string);
1452                 print_char(';');
1453                 return;
1454         case ENTITY_LABEL:
1455         case ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE:
1456                 panic("print_entity used on unexpected entity type");
1457         }
1458         panic("Invalid entity type encountered");
1459 }
1460
1461 /**
1462  * Print the AST of a translation unit.
1463  *
1464  * @param unit   the translation unit
1465  */
1466 void print_ast(const translation_unit_t *unit)
1467 {
1468         entity_t *entity = unit->scope.entities;
1469         for ( ; entity != NULL; entity = entity->base.next) {
1470                 if (entity->kind == ENTITY_ENUM_VALUE)
1471                         continue;
1472                 if (entity->base.namespc != NAMESPACE_NORMAL
1473                                 && entity->base.symbol == NULL)
1474                         continue;
1475                 if (is_generated_entity(entity))
1476                         continue;
1477
1478                 print_indent();
1479                 print_entity(entity);
1480                 print_char('\n');
1481         }
1482 }
1483
1484 expression_classification_t is_constant_initializer(const initializer_t *initializer)
1485 {
1486         switch (initializer->kind) {
1487         case INITIALIZER_STRING:
1488         case INITIALIZER_WIDE_STRING:
1489         case INITIALIZER_DESIGNATOR:
1490                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1491
1492         case INITIALIZER_VALUE:
1493                 return is_linker_constant(initializer->value.value);
1494
1495         case INITIALIZER_LIST: {
1496                 expression_classification_t all = EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1497                 for (size_t i = 0; i < initializer->list.len; ++i) {
1498                         initializer_t *sub_initializer = initializer->list.initializers[i];
1499                         expression_classification_t const cur = is_constant_initializer(sub_initializer);
1500                         if (all > cur) {
1501                                 all = cur;
1502                         }
1503                 }
1504                 return all;
1505         }
1506         }
1507         panic("invalid initializer kind found");
1508 }
1509
1510 /**
1511  * Checks if an expression references an object with a constant/known location
1512  * to the linker. Example:
1513  *  - "x", "*&x" with x being a global variable. The value of x need not be
1514  *         constant but the address of x is.
1515  *  - "a.b.c" when a has a constant/known location to the linker
1516  */
1517 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_linker_constant_address(
1518         const expression_t *expression)
1519 {
1520         switch (expression->kind) {
1521         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1522                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1523
1524         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1525                 type_t *base_type = skip_typeref(expression->select.compound->base.type);
1526                 if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1527                         /* it's a -> */
1528                         return is_linker_constant(expression->select.compound);
1529                 } else {
1530                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->select.compound);
1531                 }
1532         }
1533
1534         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1535                 expression_classification_t const ref = is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1536                 expression_classification_t const idx = is_constant_expression(expression->array_access.index);
1537                 return ref < idx ? ref : idx;
1538         }
1539
1540         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1541                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1542                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1543                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1544
1545                 switch ((storage_class_tag_t)entity->declaration.storage_class) {
1546                 case STORAGE_CLASS_NONE:
1547                 case STORAGE_CLASS_EXTERN:
1548                 case STORAGE_CLASS_STATIC:
1549                         return
1550                                 entity->kind != ENTITY_VARIABLE ||
1551                                 !entity->variable.thread_local ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1552                                 EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1553
1554                 case STORAGE_CLASS_REGISTER:
1555                 case STORAGE_CLASS_TYPEDEF:
1556                 case STORAGE_CLASS_AUTO:
1557                         break;
1558                 }
1559                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1560         }
1561
1562         case EXPR_ERROR:
1563                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1564
1565         default:
1566                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1567         }
1568 }
1569
1570 expression_classification_t is_linker_constant(const expression_t *expression)
1571 {
1572         switch (expression->kind) {
1573         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1574         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1575         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1576         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1577                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1578
1579         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1580                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1581
1582         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1583                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1584
1585         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE: {
1586                 type_t *real_type
1587                         = revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression->unary.value);
1588                 /* dereferencing a function is a NOP */
1589                 if (is_type_function(real_type)) {
1590                         return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1591                 }
1592                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1593         }
1594
1595         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1596                 type_t *dest = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1597                 if (!is_type_pointer(dest) && (
1598                                 dest->kind != TYPE_ATOMIC                                               ||
1599                                 !(get_atomic_type_flags(dest->atomic.akind) & ATOMIC_TYPE_FLAG_INTEGER) ||
1600                                 get_atomic_type_size(dest->atomic.akind) < get_type_size(type_void_ptr)
1601                     ))
1602                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1603
1604                 return is_linker_constant(expression->unary.value);
1605         }
1606
1607         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1608         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB: {
1609                 expression_t *const left  = expression->binary.left;
1610                 expression_t *const right = expression->binary.right;
1611                 type_t       *const ltype = skip_typeref(left->base.type);
1612                 type_t       *const rtype = skip_typeref(right->base.type);
1613
1614                 if (is_type_pointer(ltype)) {
1615                         expression_classification_t const l = is_linker_constant(left);
1616                         expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(right);
1617                         return l < r ? l : r;
1618                 } else if (is_type_pointer(rtype)) {
1619                         expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(left);
1620                         expression_classification_t const r = is_linker_constant(right);
1621                         return l < r ? l : r;
1622                 } else if (!is_type_valid(ltype) || !is_type_valid(rtype)) {
1623                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1624                 } else {
1625                         return is_constant_expression(expression);
1626                 }
1627         }
1628
1629         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1630                 entity_t *entity = expression->reference.entity;
1631                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1632                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1633
1634                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1635                 if (is_type_function(type))
1636                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1637                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1638                         return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(expression);
1639                 }
1640                 /* Prevent stray errors */
1641                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1642                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1643                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1644         }
1645
1646         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1647                 type_t *const type =
1648                         skip_typeref(revert_automatic_type_conversion(expression));
1649                 if (!is_type_array(type))
1650                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1651                 return is_linker_constant(expression->array_access.array_ref);
1652         }
1653
1654         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1655                 expression_t *const c = expression->conditional.condition;
1656                 expression_classification_t const cclass = is_constant_expression(c);
1657                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1658                         return cclass;
1659
1660                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(c)) {
1661                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1662                         return is_linker_constant(t != NULL ? t : c);
1663                 } else {
1664                         return is_linker_constant(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1665                 }
1666         }
1667
1668         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1669                 entity_t *entity = expression->select.compound_entry;
1670                 if (!is_declaration(entity))
1671                         return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1672                 type_t *type = skip_typeref(entity->declaration.type);
1673                 if (is_type_array(type)) {
1674                         /* arrays automatically convert to their address */
1675                         expression_t *compound  = expression->select.compound;
1676                         type_t       *base_type = skip_typeref(compound->base.type);
1677                         if (is_type_pointer(base_type)) {
1678                                 /* it's a -> */
1679                                 return is_linker_constant(compound);
1680                         } else {
1681                                 return is_object_with_linker_constant_address(compound);
1682                         }
1683                 }
1684                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1685         }
1686
1687         default:
1688                 return is_constant_expression(expression);
1689         }
1690 }
1691
1692 /**
1693  * Check if the given expression is a call to a builtin function
1694  * returning a constant result.
1695  */
1696 static expression_classification_t is_builtin_const_call(const expression_t *expression)
1697 {
1698         expression_t *function = expression->call.function;
1699         if (function->kind != EXPR_REFERENCE)
1700                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1701         reference_expression_t *ref = &function->reference;
1702         if (ref->entity->kind != ENTITY_FUNCTION)
1703                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1704
1705         switch (ref->entity->function.btk) {
1706         case BUILTIN_INF:
1707         case BUILTIN_NAN:
1708                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1709         default:
1710                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1711         }
1712
1713 }
1714
1715 static expression_classification_t is_constant_pointer(const expression_t *expression)
1716 {
1717         expression_classification_t const expr_class = is_constant_expression(expression);
1718         if (expr_class != EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE)
1719                 return expr_class;
1720
1721         switch (expression->kind) {
1722         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST:
1723                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1724         default:
1725                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1726         }
1727 }
1728
1729 static expression_classification_t is_object_with_constant_address(const expression_t *expression)
1730 {
1731         switch (expression->kind) {
1732         case EXPR_SELECT: {
1733                 expression_t *compound      = expression->select.compound;
1734                 type_t       *compound_type = compound->base.type;
1735                 compound_type = skip_typeref(compound_type);
1736                 if (is_type_pointer(compound_type)) {
1737                         return is_constant_pointer(compound);
1738                 } else {
1739                         return is_object_with_constant_address(compound);
1740                 }
1741         }
1742
1743         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS: {
1744                 array_access_expression_t const* const array_access =
1745                         &expression->array_access;
1746                 expression_classification_t const idx_class = is_constant_expression(array_access->index);
1747                 if (idx_class != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1748                         return idx_class;
1749                 expression_classification_t const ref_addr = is_object_with_constant_address(array_access->array_ref);
1750                 expression_classification_t const ref_ptr  = is_constant_pointer(array_access->array_ref);
1751                 return ref_addr > ref_ptr ? ref_addr : ref_ptr;
1752         }
1753
1754         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1755                 return is_constant_pointer(expression->unary.value);
1756
1757         case EXPR_ERROR:
1758                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1759
1760         default:
1761                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1762         }
1763 }
1764
1765 expression_classification_t is_constant_expression(const expression_t *expression)
1766 {
1767         switch (expression->kind) {
1768         case EXPR_LITERAL_CASES:
1769         case EXPR_CLASSIFY_TYPE:
1770         case EXPR_OFFSETOF:
1771         case EXPR_ALIGNOF:
1772         case EXPR_BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P:
1773         case EXPR_BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P:
1774         case EXPR_ENUM_CONSTANT:
1775                 return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1776
1777         case EXPR_SIZEOF: {
1778                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->typeprop.type);
1779                 return
1780                         !is_type_array(type) || !type->array.is_vla ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT :
1781                         EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1782         }
1783
1784         case EXPR_STRING_LITERAL:
1785         case EXPR_WIDE_STRING_LITERAL:
1786         case EXPR_FUNCNAME:
1787         case EXPR_LABEL_ADDRESS:
1788         case EXPR_SELECT:
1789         case EXPR_VA_START:
1790         case EXPR_VA_ARG:
1791         case EXPR_VA_COPY:
1792         case EXPR_STATEMENT:
1793         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_INCREMENT:
1794         case EXPR_UNARY_POSTFIX_DECREMENT:
1795         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_INCREMENT:
1796         case EXPR_UNARY_PREFIX_DECREMENT:
1797         case EXPR_UNARY_ASSUME: /* has VOID type */
1798         case EXPR_UNARY_DEREFERENCE:
1799         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE:
1800         case EXPR_UNARY_DELETE_ARRAY:
1801         case EXPR_UNARY_THROW:
1802         case EXPR_BINARY_ASSIGN:
1803         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL_ASSIGN:
1804         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV_ASSIGN:
1805         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD_ASSIGN:
1806         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD_ASSIGN:
1807         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB_ASSIGN:
1808         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT_ASSIGN:
1809         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT_ASSIGN:
1810         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND_ASSIGN:
1811         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR_ASSIGN:
1812         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR_ASSIGN:
1813         case EXPR_BINARY_COMMA:
1814         case EXPR_ARRAY_ACCESS:
1815                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1816
1817         case EXPR_REFERENCE: {
1818                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1819                 return is_type_valid(type) ? EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE : EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1820         }
1821
1822         case EXPR_UNARY_TAKE_ADDRESS:
1823                 return is_object_with_constant_address(expression->unary.value);
1824
1825         case EXPR_CALL:
1826                 return is_builtin_const_call(expression);
1827
1828         case EXPR_UNARY_NEGATE:
1829         case EXPR_UNARY_PLUS:
1830         case EXPR_UNARY_BITWISE_NEGATE:
1831         case EXPR_UNARY_NOT:
1832                 return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1833
1834         case EXPR_UNARY_CAST: {
1835                 type_t *const type = skip_typeref(expression->base.type);
1836                 if (is_type_scalar(type))
1837                         return is_constant_expression(expression->unary.value);
1838                 if (!is_type_valid(type))
1839                         return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1840                 return EXPR_CLASS_VARIABLE;
1841         }
1842
1843         case EXPR_BINARY_ADD:
1844         case EXPR_BINARY_SUB:
1845         case EXPR_BINARY_MUL:
1846         case EXPR_BINARY_DIV:
1847         case EXPR_BINARY_MOD:
1848         case EXPR_BINARY_EQUAL:
1849         case EXPR_BINARY_NOTEQUAL:
1850         case EXPR_BINARY_LESS:
1851         case EXPR_BINARY_LESSEQUAL:
1852         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATER:
1853         case EXPR_BINARY_GREATEREQUAL:
1854         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_AND:
1855         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_OR:
1856         case EXPR_BINARY_BITWISE_XOR:
1857         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTLEFT:
1858         case EXPR_BINARY_SHIFTRIGHT:
1859         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATER:
1860         case EXPR_BINARY_ISGREATEREQUAL:
1861         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESS:
1862         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSEQUAL:
1863         case EXPR_BINARY_ISLESSGREATER:
1864         case EXPR_BINARY_ISUNORDERED: {
1865                 expression_classification_t const l = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.left);
1866                 expression_classification_t const r = is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1867                 return l < r ? l : r;
1868         }
1869
1870         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_AND: {
1871                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1872                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1873                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1874                         return lclass;
1875                 if (!fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1876                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1877                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1878         }
1879
1880         case EXPR_BINARY_LOGICAL_OR: {
1881                 expression_t const         *const left   = expression->binary.left;
1882                 expression_classification_t const lclass = is_constant_expression(left);
1883                 if (lclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1884                         return lclass;
1885                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(left))
1886                         return EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT;
1887                 return is_constant_expression(expression->binary.right);
1888         }
1889
1890         case EXPR_COMPOUND_LITERAL:
1891                 return is_constant_initializer(expression->compound_literal.initializer);
1892
1893         case EXPR_CONDITIONAL: {
1894                 expression_t               *const condition = expression->conditional.condition;
1895                 expression_classification_t const cclass    = is_constant_expression(condition);
1896                 if (cclass != EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT)
1897                         return cclass;
1898
1899                 if (fold_constant_to_bool(condition)) {
1900                         expression_t const *const t = expression->conditional.true_expression;
1901                         return t == NULL ? EXPR_CLASS_CONSTANT : is_constant_expression(t);
1902                 } else {
1903                         return is_constant_expression(expression->conditional.false_expression);
1904                 }
1905         }
1906
1907         case EXPR_ERROR:
1908                 return EXPR_CLASS_ERROR;
1909         }
1910         panic("invalid expression found (is constant expression)");
1911 }
1912
1913 void init_ast(void)
1914 {
1915         obstack_init(&ast_obstack);
1916 }
1917
1918 void exit_ast(void)
1919 {
1920         obstack_free(&ast_obstack, NULL);
1921 }